diff --git a/docs/bibliography/bibliography.bib b/docs/bibliography/bibliography.bib index 85b65d6..0572dab 100644 --- a/docs/bibliography/bibliography.bib +++ b/docs/bibliography/bibliography.bib @@ -141,10 +141,43 @@ }, @manual{tcpdump_page, - title={Tcpdump & Libpcap}, + title={Tcpdump and Libpcap}, url={https://www.tcpdump.org} }, +@manual{ebpf_funcs_by_ver, + title={BPF features by Linux Kernel Version}, + organization={iovisor}, + url={https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/docs/kernel-versions.md} +}, + +@book{brendan_gregg_bpf_book, + title={BPF performance tools}, + author={Brendan Gregg}, + url={https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/bpf-performance-tools/9780136588870/} +}, + +@manual{ebpf_inst_set, + title={eBPF instruction set}, + url={https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/bpf/instruction-set.html} +} + +@manual{8664_inst_set_specs, + title={Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual Combined Volumes: 1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, and 4}, + author={Intel}, + volume={2A}, + pages={507}, + urldate={2022-05-13}, + url={https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/articles/technical/intel-sdm.html} +} + +@proceedings{ebpf_starovo_slides, + title={BPF – in-kernel virtual machine}, + url={http://vger.kernel.org/netconf2015Starovoitov-bpf_collabsummit_2015feb20.pdf}, + date={2015-02-20}, + institution={PLUMgrid} +} + diff --git a/docs/bibliography/texput.log b/docs/bibliography/texput.log index 31c48c7..f17ab2e 100644 --- a/docs/bibliography/texput.log +++ b/docs/bibliography/texput.log @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.21 (TeX Live 2020/Debian) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2022.4.27) 23 MAY 2022 07:12 +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.21 (TeX Live 2020/Debian) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2022.4.27) 24 MAY 2022 20:47 entering extended mode restricted \write18 enabled. %&-line parsing enabled. diff --git a/docs/document.aux b/docs/document.aux index 5d37b52..67938cc 100644 --- a/docs/document.aux +++ b/docs/document.aux @@ -100,19 +100,44 @@ \newlabel{fig:bpf_tcpdump_example}{{2.5}{10}{BPF bytecode tcpdump needs to set a filter to display packets directed to port 80.\relax }{figure.caption.12}{}} \@writefile{lof}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2.6}{\ignorespaces Shortest path in the CFG described in the example of figure \ref {fig:bpf_tcpdump_example} that a packet needs to follow to be accepted by the BPF filter set with \textit {tcpdump}.\relax }}{10}{figure.caption.13}\protected@file@percent } \newlabel{fig:tcpdump_ex_sol}{{2.6}{10}{Shortest path in the CFG described in the example of figure \ref {fig:bpf_tcpdump_example} that a packet needs to follow to be accepted by the BPF filter set with \textit {tcpdump}.\relax }{figure.caption.13}{}} +\abx@aux@cite{ebpf_funcs_by_ver} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{ebpf_funcs_by_ver} +\abx@aux@cite{ebpf_funcs_by_ver} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{ebpf_funcs_by_ver} +\abx@aux@cite{brendan_gregg_bpf_book} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{brendan_gregg_bpf_book} +\abx@aux@cite{ebpf_inst_set} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{ebpf_inst_set} +\abx@aux@cite{8664_inst_set_specs} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{8664_inst_set_specs} +\abx@aux@cite{ebpf_inst_set} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{ebpf_inst_set} +\abx@aux@cite{ebpf_starovo_slides} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{ebpf_starovo_slides} +\abx@aux@cite{ebpf_inst_set} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{ebpf_inst_set} +\abx@aux@cite{ebpf_starovo_slides} +\abx@aux@segm{0}{0}{ebpf_starovo_slides} \@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Analysis of modern eBPF}{11}{section.2.2}\protected@file@percent } -\@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}New eBPF infrastructure}{11}{subsection.2.2.1}\protected@file@percent } -\@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Methods??}{12}{chapter.3}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}Architecture of eBPF}{11}{subsection.2.2.1}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{lot}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {2.2}{\ignorespaces Table showing relevant eBPF updates. Note that only those relevant for our research objectives are shown. This is a selection of the official complete table at \cite {ebpf_funcs_by_ver}.\relax }}{11}{table.caption.14}\protected@file@percent } +\newlabel{table:ebpf_history}{{2.2}{11}{Table showing relevant eBPF updates. Note that only those relevant for our research objectives are shown. This is a selection of the official complete table at \cite {ebpf_funcs_by_ver}.\relax }{table.caption.14}{}} +\@writefile{lot}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {2.3}{\ignorespaces Table showing eBPF instruction format. It is a fixed-length 64 bit instruction, the number of bits used by each field are indicated.\relax }}{11}{table.caption.15}\protected@file@percent } +\newlabel{table:ebpf_inst_format}{{2.3}{11}{Table showing eBPF instruction format. It is a fixed-length 64 bit instruction, the number of bits used by each field are indicated.\relax }{table.caption.15}{}} +\@writefile{lot}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {2.4}{\ignorespaces Table showing eBPF registers and their purpose in the BPF VM.\cite {ebpf_inst_set}\cite {ebpf_starovo_slides}.\relax }}{12}{table.caption.16}\protected@file@percent } +\newlabel{table:ebpf_regs}{{2.4}{12}{Table showing eBPF registers and their purpose in the BPF VM.\cite {ebpf_inst_set}\cite {ebpf_starovo_slides}.\relax }{table.caption.16}{}} +\@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}JIT compilation}{12}{subsection.2.2.2}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Methods??}{13}{chapter.3}\protected@file@percent } \@writefile{lof}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} \@writefile{lot}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} -\@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Results}{13}{chapter.4}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Results}{14}{chapter.4}\protected@file@percent } \@writefile{lof}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} \@writefile{lot}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} -\@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Conclusion and future work}{14}{chapter.5}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Conclusion and future work}{15}{chapter.5}\protected@file@percent } \@writefile{lof}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} \@writefile{lot}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} -\@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{Bibliography}{15}{chapter.5}\protected@file@percent } -\abx@aux@read@bbl@mdfivesum{B18652840B9A2D8E82575EF61C309813} +\@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{Bibliography}{16}{chapter.5}\protected@file@percent } +\abx@aux@read@bbl@mdfivesum{A0263F600A6B69AA4741D30C7A5AD15D} \abx@aux@refcontextdefaultsdone \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{ransomware_pwc}{none/global//global/global} \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{rootkit_ptsecurity}{none/global//global/global} @@ -134,5 +159,10 @@ \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{bpf_bsd_origin_bpf_page7}{none/global//global/global} \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{bpf_bsd_origin_bpf_page8}{none/global//global/global} \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{tcpdump_page}{none/global//global/global} +\abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{ebpf_funcs_by_ver}{none/global//global/global} +\abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{brendan_gregg_bpf_book}{none/global//global/global} +\abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{ebpf_inst_set}{none/global//global/global} +\abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{8664_inst_set_specs}{none/global//global/global} +\abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{ebpf_starovo_slides}{none/global//global/global} \ttl@finishall -\gdef \@abspage@last{32} +\gdef \@abspage@last{33} diff --git a/docs/document.bbl b/docs/document.bbl index a5661e3..46e7ce5 100644 --- a/docs/document.bbl +++ b/docs/document.bbl @@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ \list{institution}{1}{% {PricewaterhouseCoopers}% } - \field{sortinit}{3} - \field{sortinithash}{a37a8ef248a93c322189792c34fc68c9} + \field{sortinit}{6} + \field{sortinithash}{7851c86048328b027313775d8fbd2131} \field{labeltitlesource}{title} \field{title}{Cyber Threats 2021: A year in Retrospect} \verb{urlraw} @@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ \list{institution}{1}{% {Positive Technologies}% } - \field{sortinit}{4} - \field{sortinithash}{e071e0bcb44634fab398d68ad04e69f4} + \field{sortinit}{7} + \field{sortinithash}{f615fb9c6fba11c6f962fb3fd599810e} \field{labeltitlesource}{title} \field{day}{3} \field{month}{11} @@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ \endverb \endentry \entry{ebpf_linux318}{online}{} - \field{sortinit}{5} - \field{sortinithash}{5dd416adbafacc8226114bc0202d5fdd} + \field{sortinit}{8} + \field{sortinithash}{1b24cab5087933ef0826a7cd3b99e994} \field{day}{7} \field{indextitle}{eBPF incorporation in the Linux Kernel 3.18} \field{month}{12} @@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ \list{institution}{1}{% {Pangu Lab}% } - \field{sortinit}{6} - \field{sortinithash}{7851c86048328b027313775d8fbd2131} + \field{sortinit}{9} + \field{sortinithash}{54047ffb55bdefa0694bbd554c1b11a0} \field{labeltitlesource}{title} \field{day}{23} \field{month}{2} @@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ \list{institution}{1}{% {PricewaterhouseCoopers}% } - \field{sortinit}{7} - \field{sortinithash}{f615fb9c6fba11c6f962fb3fd599810e} + \field{sortinit}{1} + \field{sortinithash}{50c6687d7fc80f50136d75228e3c59ba} \field{labeltitlesource}{title} \field{title}{Cyber Threats 2021: A year in Retrospect} \field{pages}{37} @@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ \endverb \endentry \entry{ebpf_windows}{online}{} - \field{sortinit}{8} - \field{sortinithash}{1b24cab5087933ef0826a7cd3b99e994} + \field{sortinit}{1} + \field{sortinithash}{50c6687d7fc80f50136d75228e3c59ba} \field{labeltitlesource}{title} \field{day}{7} \field{month}{12} @@ -121,8 +121,8 @@ \endverb \endentry \entry{ebpf_android}{online}{} - \field{sortinit}{9} - \field{sortinithash}{54047ffb55bdefa0694bbd554c1b11a0} + \field{sortinit}{1} + \field{sortinithash}{50c6687d7fc80f50136d75228e3c59ba} \field{labeltitlesource}{title} \field{title}{eBPF for Windows} \verb{urlraw} @@ -321,8 +321,8 @@ \endverb \endentry \entry{index_register}{manual}{} - \field{sortinit}{1} - \field{sortinithash}{50c6687d7fc80f50136d75228e3c59ba} + \field{sortinit}{2} + \field{sortinithash}{ed39bb39cf854d5250e95b1c1f94f4ed} \field{labeltitlesource}{title} \field{title}{Index register} \verb{urlraw} @@ -350,8 +350,8 @@ \strng{authornamehash}{b74c2671072cf5a1a1400dc035240dfd} \strng{authorfullhash}{b74c2671072cf5a1a1400dc035240dfd} \field{extraname}{3} - \field{sortinit}{1} - \field{sortinithash}{50c6687d7fc80f50136d75228e3c59ba} + \field{sortinit}{2} + \field{sortinithash}{ed39bb39cf854d5250e95b1c1f94f4ed} \field{labelnamesource}{author} \field{labeltitlesource}{title} \field{day}{19} @@ -369,8 +369,8 @@ \endverb \endentry \entry{bpf_organicprogrammer_analysis}{online}{} - \field{sortinit}{1} - \field{sortinithash}{50c6687d7fc80f50136d75228e3c59ba} + \field{sortinit}{2} + \field{sortinithash}{ed39bb39cf854d5250e95b1c1f94f4ed} \field{labeltitlesource}{title} \field{day}{28} \field{month}{3} @@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ \field{sortinit}{2} \field{sortinithash}{ed39bb39cf854d5250e95b1c1f94f4ed} \field{labeltitlesource}{title} - \field{title}{Tcpdump & Libpcap} + \field{title}{Tcpdump and Libpcap} \verb{urlraw} \verb https://www.tcpdump.org \endverb @@ -468,6 +468,109 @@ \verb https://www.tcpdump.org \endverb \endentry + \entry{ebpf_funcs_by_ver}{manual}{} + \list{organization}{1}{% + {iovisor}% + } + \field{sortinit}{2} + \field{sortinithash}{ed39bb39cf854d5250e95b1c1f94f4ed} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{title}{BPF features by Linux Kernel Version} + \verb{urlraw} + \verb https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/docs/kernel-versions.md + \endverb + \verb{url} + \verb https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/docs/kernel-versions.md + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{brendan_gregg_bpf_book}{book}{} + \name{author}{1}{}{% + {{hash=b45aef384111d7e9dd71b74ba427b5f1}{% + family={Gregg}, + familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + given={Brendan}, + giveni={B\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{b45aef384111d7e9dd71b74ba427b5f1} + \strng{fullhash}{b45aef384111d7e9dd71b74ba427b5f1} + \strng{bibnamehash}{b45aef384111d7e9dd71b74ba427b5f1} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{b45aef384111d7e9dd71b74ba427b5f1} + \strng{authornamehash}{b45aef384111d7e9dd71b74ba427b5f1} + \strng{authorfullhash}{b45aef384111d7e9dd71b74ba427b5f1} + \field{sortinit}{3} + \field{sortinithash}{a37a8ef248a93c322189792c34fc68c9} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{title}{BPF performance tools} + \verb{urlraw} + \verb https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/bpf-performance-tools/9780136588870/ + \endverb + \verb{url} + \verb https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/bpf-performance-tools/9780136588870/ + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{ebpf_inst_set}{manual}{} + \field{sortinit}{3} + \field{sortinithash}{a37a8ef248a93c322189792c34fc68c9} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{title}{eBPF instruction set} + \verb{urlraw} + \verb https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/bpf/instruction-set.html + \endverb + \verb{url} + \verb https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/bpf/instruction-set.html + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{8664_inst_set_specs}{manual}{} + \name{author}{1}{}{% + {{hash=ff97a9fdede09eaf6e1c8ec9f6a61dd5}{% + family={Intel}, + familyi={I\bibinitperiod}}}% + } + \strng{namehash}{ff97a9fdede09eaf6e1c8ec9f6a61dd5} + \strng{fullhash}{ff97a9fdede09eaf6e1c8ec9f6a61dd5} + \strng{bibnamehash}{ff97a9fdede09eaf6e1c8ec9f6a61dd5} + \strng{authorbibnamehash}{ff97a9fdede09eaf6e1c8ec9f6a61dd5} + \strng{authornamehash}{ff97a9fdede09eaf6e1c8ec9f6a61dd5} + \strng{authorfullhash}{ff97a9fdede09eaf6e1c8ec9f6a61dd5} + \field{sortinit}{3} + \field{sortinithash}{a37a8ef248a93c322189792c34fc68c9} + \field{labelnamesource}{author} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{title}{Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual Combined Volumes: 1, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, and 4} + \field{urlday}{13} + \field{urlmonth}{5} + \field{urlyear}{2022} + \field{volume}{2A} + \field{urldateera}{ce} + \field{pages}{507} + \range{pages}{1} + \verb{urlraw} + \verb https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/articles/technical/intel-sdm.html + \endverb + \verb{url} + \verb https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/articles/technical/intel-sdm.html + \endverb + \endentry + \entry{ebpf_starovo_slides}{proceedings}{} + \list{institution}{1}{% + {PLUMgrid}% + } + \field{sortinit}{3} + \field{sortinithash}{a37a8ef248a93c322189792c34fc68c9} + \field{labeltitlesource}{title} + \field{day}{20} + \field{month}{2} + \field{title}{BPF – in-kernel virtual machine} + \field{year}{2015} + \field{dateera}{ce} + \verb{urlraw} + \verb http://vger.kernel.org/netconf2015Starovoitov-bpf_collabsummit_2015feb20.pdf + \endverb + \verb{url} + \verb http://vger.kernel.org/netconf2015Starovoitov-bpf_collabsummit_2015feb20.pdf + \endverb + \endentry \enddatalist \endrefsection \endinput diff --git a/docs/document.bcf b/docs/document.bcf index fda6cc4..122c763 100644 --- a/docs/document.bcf +++ b/docs/document.bcf @@ -2348,28 +2348,37 @@ bibliography/bibliography.bib - ransomware_pwc - rootkit_ptsecurity - ebpf_linux318 - bvp47_report - bpfdoor_pwc - ebpf_windows - ebpf_android - evil_ebpf - bad_ebpf - ebpf_friends - ebpf_io - bpf_bsd_origin - ebpf_history_opensource - bpf_bsd_origin_bpf_page1 - index_register - bpf_bsd_origin_bpf_page5 - bpf_organicprogrammer_analysis - bpf_bsd_origin_bpf_page7 - bpf_bsd_origin_bpf_page8 - bpf_bsd_origin_bpf_page8 - bpf_bsd_origin_bpf_page1 - tcpdump_page + ransomware_pwc + rootkit_ptsecurity + ebpf_linux318 + bvp47_report + bpfdoor_pwc + ebpf_windows + ebpf_android + evil_ebpf + bad_ebpf + ebpf_friends + ebpf_io + bpf_bsd_origin + ebpf_history_opensource + bpf_bsd_origin_bpf_page1 + index_register + bpf_bsd_origin_bpf_page5 + bpf_organicprogrammer_analysis + bpf_bsd_origin_bpf_page7 + bpf_bsd_origin_bpf_page8 + bpf_bsd_origin_bpf_page8 + bpf_bsd_origin_bpf_page1 + tcpdump_page + ebpf_funcs_by_ver + ebpf_funcs_by_ver + brendan_gregg_bpf_book + ebpf_inst_set + 8664_inst_set_specs + ebpf_inst_set + ebpf_starovo_slides + ebpf_inst_set + ebpf_starovo_slides diff --git a/docs/document.blg b/docs/document.blg index af5aec6..0cb8286 100644 --- a/docs/document.blg +++ b/docs/document.blg @@ -1,35 +1,38 @@ [0] Config.pm:311> INFO - This is Biber 2.16 [0] Config.pm:314> INFO - Logfile is 'document.blg' -[60] biber:340> INFO - === Mon May 23, 2022, 08:11:22 -[76] Biber.pm:415> INFO - Reading 'document.bcf' -[146] Biber.pm:952> INFO - Found 20 citekeys in bib section 0 -[161] Biber.pm:4340> INFO - Processing section 0 -[172] Biber.pm:4531> INFO - Looking for bibtex format file 'bibliography/bibliography.bib' for section 0 -[174] bibtex.pm:1689> INFO - LaTeX decoding ... -[184] bibtex.pm:1494> INFO - Found BibTeX data source 'bibliography/bibliography.bib' -[243] Utils.pm:384> WARN - BibTeX subsystem: /tmp/biber_tmp_Js0w/f4d088b3f9f145b5c3058da33afd57d4_115050.utf8, line 9, warning: 1 characters of junk seen at toplevel -[243] Utils.pm:384> WARN - BibTeX subsystem: /tmp/biber_tmp_Js0w/f4d088b3f9f145b5c3058da33afd57d4_115050.utf8, line 15, warning: 1 characters of junk seen at toplevel -[243] Utils.pm:384> WARN - BibTeX subsystem: /tmp/biber_tmp_Js0w/f4d088b3f9f145b5c3058da33afd57d4_115050.utf8, line 22, warning: 1 characters of junk seen at toplevel -[243] Utils.pm:384> WARN - 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+ File: images//classic_bpf.jpg Graphic file (type jpg) Package pdftex.def Info: images//classic_bpf.jpg used on input line 423. @@ -1218,76 +1218,80 @@ Package pdftex.def Info: images//classic_bpf.jpg used on input line 423. [5 <./images//classic_bpf.jpg>] - + File: images//cbpf_prog.jpg Graphic file (type jpg) Package pdftex.def Info: images//cbpf_prog.jpg used on input line 450. (pdftex.def) Requested size: 227.62204pt x 254.80415pt. [6] [7 <./images/cBPF_prog.jpg>] - + File: images//bpf_instructions.png Graphic file (type png) Package pdftex.def Info: images//bpf_instructions.png used on input line 490. (pdftex.def) Requested size: 227.62204pt x 283.99998pt. [8 <./images//bpf_instructions.png>] - + File: images//bpf_address_mode.png Graphic file (type png) Package pdftex.def Info: images//bpf_address_mode.png used on input line 506. (pdftex.def) Requested size: 227.62204pt x 171.19905pt. LaTeX Font Info: Font shape `T1/txr/b/it' in size <12> not available (Font) Font shape `T1/txr/bx/it' tried instead on input line 514. - + File: images//tcpdump_example.png Graphic file (type png) Package pdftex.def Info: images//tcpdump_example.png used on input line 521. (pdftex.def) Requested size: 284.52756pt x 241.82869pt. [9 <./images//bpf_address_mode.png>] - + File: images//cBPF_prog_ex_sol.png Graphic file (type png) Package pdftex.def Info: images//cBPF_prog_ex_sol.png used on input line 532. (pdftex.def) Requested size: 170.71652pt x 225.74026pt. - [10 <./images//tcpdump_example.png> <./images//cBPF_prog_ex_sol.png>] [11] -Chapter 3. -[12 + [10 <./images//tcpdump_example.png> <./images//cBPF_prog_ex_sol.png>] +Overfull \hbox (3.10062pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 586--603 + [][] + [] -] -Chapter 4. +[11] [12] +Chapter 3. [13 ] -Chapter 5. +Chapter 4. [14 ] -LaTeX Font Info: Trying to load font information for T1+txtt on input line 5 -73. +Chapter 5. +[15 + +] +LaTeX Font Info: Trying to load font information for T1+txtt on input line 6 +45. (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/txfonts/t1txtt.fd File: t1txtt.fd 2000/12/15 v3.1 ) -Overfull \hbox (5.34976pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 574--574 +Overfull \hbox (5.34976pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 646--646 \T1/txtt/m/n/12 threat -[] intelligence / cyber -[] year -[] in -[] retrospect / yir -[] cyber -[] threats -[] [] -[15 +[16 ] -! Misplaced alignment tab character &. - Tcpdump & - libpcap -l.574 - -I can't figure out why you would want to use a tab mark -here. If you just want an ampersand, the remedy is -simple: Just type `I\&' now. But if some right brace -up above has ended a previous alignment prematurely, -you're probably due for more error messages, and you -might try typing `S' now just to see what is salvageable. +Overfull \hbox (6.22696pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 646--646 +[]\T1/txr/m/it/12 Bpf fea-tures by linux ker-nel ver-sion\T1/txr/m/n/12 , io-vi +-sor. [On-line]. Avail-able: [][]$\T1/txtt/m/n/12 https : / / github . + [] -[16] [1 + +Overfull \hbox (21.24973pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 646--646 +\T1/txtt/m/n/12 vger . kernel . org / netconf2015Starovoitov -[] bpf _ collabsu +mmit _ 2015feb20 . + [] + +[17] [1 ] @@ -1298,37 +1302,47 @@ pdfTeX warning (ext4): destination with the same identifier (name{page.}) has b een already used, duplicate ignored \relax -l.590 \end{document} +l.662 \end{document} [2 ] (./document.aux) -Package rerunfilecheck Info: File `document.out' has not changed. -(rerunfilecheck) Checksum: E11F11882B461E0C78448E51C0034A6A;1467. + +LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed. Rerun to get cross-references right. + + +Package rerunfilecheck Warning: File `document.out' has changed. +(rerunfilecheck) Rerun to get outlines right +(rerunfilecheck) or use package `bookmark'. + +Package rerunfilecheck Info: Checksums for `document.out': +(rerunfilecheck) Before: 260AE7FF5C653A434FB11872FD491CEC;1464 +(rerunfilecheck) After: 78EEF05F3FA16DD01514ABFEEF3266FA;1536. Package logreq Info: Writing requests to 'document.run.xml'. \openout1 = `document.run.xml'. ) Here is how much of TeX's memory you used: - 27301 strings out of 481209 - 433947 string characters out of 5914747 - 1169742 words of memory out of 5000000 - 43735 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000 - 456264 words of font info for 101 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000 + 27329 strings out of 481209 + 434770 string characters out of 5914747 + 1172582 words of memory out of 5000000 + 43751 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000 + 456974 words of font info for 103 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000 36 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191 88i,11n,90p,1029b,3093s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s {/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/enc/dvips/base/8r.enc} -Output written on document.pdf (32 pages, 473613 bytes). +e/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/txfonts/rtcxi.pfb> +Output written on document.pdf (33 pages, 495134 bytes). PDF statistics: - 466 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607) - 83 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000) + 523 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607) + 93 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000) 213 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000) diff --git a/docs/document.lot b/docs/document.lot index 9090e99..b7d317f 100644 --- a/docs/document.lot +++ b/docs/document.lot @@ -7,6 +7,12 @@ \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax \contentsline {table}{\numberline {2.1}{\ignorespaces Table showing BPF instruction format. It is a fixed-length 64 bit instruction, the number of bits used by each field are indicated.\relax }}{7}{table.caption.9}% \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {2.2}{\ignorespaces Table showing relevant eBPF updates. Note that only those relevant for our research objectives are shown. This is a selection of the official complete table at \cite {ebpf_funcs_by_ver}.\relax }}{11}{table.caption.14}% +\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {2.3}{\ignorespaces Table showing eBPF instruction format. It is a fixed-length 64 bit instruction, the number of bits used by each field are indicated.\relax }}{11}{table.caption.15}% +\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax +\contentsline {table}{\numberline {2.4}{\ignorespaces Table showing eBPF registers and their purpose in the BPF VM.\cite {ebpf_inst_set}\cite {ebpf_starovo_slides}.\relax }}{12}{table.caption.16}% +\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax \addvspace {10\p@ } \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax \addvspace {10\p@ } diff --git a/docs/document.out b/docs/document.out index 7e932cf..9cf83d0 100644 --- a/docs/document.out +++ b/docs/document.out @@ -13,8 +13,9 @@ \BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.1.4}{BPF\040bytecode\040instruction\040format}{section.2.1}% 13 \BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.1.5}{An\040example\040of\040BPF\040filter\040-\040tcpdump}{section.2.1}% 14 \BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.2}{Analysis\040of\040modern\040eBPF}{chapter.2}% 15 -\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.2.1}{New\040eBPF\040infrastructure}{section.2.2}% 16 -\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.3}{Methods??}{}% 17 -\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.4}{Results}{}% 18 -\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.5}{Conclusion\040and\040future\040work}{}% 19 -\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.5}{Bibliography}{}% 20 +\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.2.1}{Architecture\040of\040eBPF}{section.2.2}% 16 +\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.2.2.2}{JIT\040compilation}{section.2.2}% 17 +\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.3}{Methods??}{}% 18 +\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.4}{Results}{}% 19 +\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.5}{Conclusion\040and\040future\040work}{}% 20 +\BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.5}{Bibliography}{}% 21 diff --git a/docs/document.pdf b/docs/document.pdf index 213ec3a..43661a0 100644 Binary files a/docs/document.pdf and b/docs/document.pdf differ diff --git a/docs/document.synctex.gz b/docs/document.synctex.gz index 97db0de..91dba10 100644 Binary files a/docs/document.synctex.gz and b/docs/document.synctex.gz differ diff --git a/docs/document.tex b/docs/document.tex index e2cbed2..4857d98 100644 --- a/docs/document.tex +++ b/docs/document.tex @@ -535,8 +535,77 @@ In the example, using the \textit{jf} and \textit{jt} fields, we can label the n \end{figure} \section{Analysis of modern eBPF} -\subsection{New eBPF infrastructure} -Since the addition of classic BPF in the Linux kernel, multiple improvements were added. On +\subsection{Architecture of eBPF} +The addition of classic BPF in the Linux kernel set the foundations of eBPF, but nowadays it has already extended its presence to many other components other than traffic filtering. Table \ref{table:ebpf_history} shows the main updates that were incorporated and shaped modern eBPF of today. + +\begin{table}[H] +\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} +\hline +Description & Kernel version & Year\\ +\hline +\hline +\textit{BPF}: First addition in the kernel & 2.1.75 & 1997\\ +\textit{BPF+}: New JIT assembler & 3.0 & 2011\\ +\textit{eBPF}: Added eBPF support & 3.15 & 2014\\ +\textit New bpf() syscall & 3.18 & 2014\\ +\textit eBPF for sockets & 3.19 & 2015\\ +\textit Introduction of eBPF maps & 3.19 & 2015\\ +\textit eBPF attached to kprobes & 4.1 & 2015\\ +\textit Introduction of Traffic Control & 4.5 & 2016\\ +\textit eBPF attached to tracepoints & 4.7 & 2016\\ +\textit Introduction of XDP & 4.8 & 2016\\ + + +\hline +\end{tabular} +\caption{Table showing relevant eBPF updates. Note that only those relevant for our research objectives are shown. This is a selection of the official complete table at \cite{ebpf_funcs_by_ver}.} +\label{table:ebpf_history} +\end{table} + +As it can be observed in the table above, the main breakthrough happened in the 3.15 version, where Alexei Starovoitov, along with Daniel Borkmann, decided to expand the capabilities of BPF by remodelling the BPF instruction set and overall architecture\cite{brendan_gregg_bpf_book}. + +\begin{table}[H] +\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|} +\hline +& IMM & OFF & SRC & DST & OPCODE \\ +\hline +BITS & 32 & 16 & 4 & 4 & 8\\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\caption{Table showing eBPF instruction format. It is a fixed-length 64 bit instruction, the number of bits used by each field are indicated.} +\label{table:ebpf_inst_format} +\end{table} + + +Table \ref{table:ebpf_inst_format} shows the new instruction format for eBPF programs\cite{ebpf_inst_set}. The new fields are similar to x86\_64 assembly, incorporating the typically found immediate and offset fields, and source and destination registers\cite{8664_inst_set_specs}. +%Should I talk about assembly or this more in detail? + +With respect to the BPF VM registers, they get extended from 32 to 64 bits of length, and the number of registers is incremented to 10, instead of the original accumulator and index registers. These registers are also adapted to be similar to those in assembly, as it is shown in table \ref{table:ebpf_regs}. + +\begin{table}[H] +\begin{tabular}{|c|c|m{21em}|} +\hline +eBPF register & x86\_64 register & Purpose\\ +\hline +r0 & rax & Return value from functions and exit value of eBPF programs\\ +r1 & rdi & Function call argument 1\\ +r2 & rsi & Function call argument 2\\ +r3 & rdx & Function call argument 3\\ +r4 & rcx & Function call argument 4\\ +r5 & r8 & Function call argument 5\\ +r6 & rbx & Callee saved register, value preserved between calls\\ +r7 & r13 & Callee saved register, value preserved between calls\\ +r8 & r14 & Callee saved register, value preserved between calls\\ +r9 & r15 & Callee saved register, value preserved between calls\\ +r10 & rbp & Frame pointer for stack, read only\\ +\hline +\end{tabular} +\caption{Table showing eBPF registers and their purpose in the BPF VM.\cite{ebpf_inst_set}\cite{ebpf_starovo_slides}.} +\label{table:ebpf_regs} +\end{table} + +\subsection{JIT compilation} +The p @@ -549,6 +618,9 @@ Since the addition of classic BPF in the Linux kernel, multiple improvements wer +%TODO Talk about the difference between having always on BPF and always on kernel modules + + \chapter{Methods??} %M-> Following the particular TFG we discussed and also others, it looks like the main chapter(s) varies name depending on the TFG topic. Also is there a prefered way to distribute this? diff --git a/docs/document.toc b/docs/document.toc index b85420d..30dd9d9 100644 --- a/docs/document.toc +++ b/docs/document.toc @@ -31,13 +31,15 @@ \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax \contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Analysis of modern eBPF}{11}{section.2.2}% \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}New eBPF infrastructure}{11}{subsection.2.2.1}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}Architecture of eBPF}{11}{subsection.2.2.1}% \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Methods??}{12}{chapter.3}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}JIT compilation}{12}{subsection.2.2.2}% \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Results}{13}{chapter.4}% +\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Methods??}{13}{chapter.3}% \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Conclusion and future work}{14}{chapter.5}% +\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Results}{14}{chapter.4}% \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {chapter}{Bibliography}{15}{chapter.5}% +\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Conclusion and future work}{15}{chapter.5}% +\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax +\contentsline {chapter}{Bibliography}{16}{chapter.5}% \contentsfinish diff --git a/docs/pdfa.xmpi b/docs/pdfa.xmpi index 39d70d6..6b528e1 100644 --- a/docs/pdfa.xmpi +++ b/docs/pdfa.xmpi @@ -73,15 +73,15 @@ LaTeX with hyperref - 2022-05-23T08:11:24-04:00 - 2022-05-23T08:11:24-04:00 - 2022-05-23T08:11:24-04:00 + 2022-05-24T20:52:21-04:00 + 2022-05-24T20:52:21-04:00 + 2022-05-24T20:52:21-04:00 uuid:467B87E0-A1EA-A037-7CB7-0477245DEBC3 - uuid:90D3789F-A773-CB9C-625E-C127C19C8414 + uuid:7FB75CFF-80A8-7F24-B8F1-755FFABF2F4A