diff --git a/tests/components/ProviderList.test.tsx b/tests/components/ProviderList.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79184e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/components/ProviderList.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+import { render, screen, fireEvent } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from "vitest";
+import type { Provider } from "@/types";
+import { ProviderList } from "@/components/providers/ProviderList";
+
+const useDragSortMock = vi.fn();
+const useSortableMock = vi.fn();
+const providerCardRenderSpy = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock("@/hooks/useDragSort", () => ({
+  useDragSort: (...args: unknown[]) => useDragSortMock(...args),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/components/providers/ProviderCard", () => ({
+  ProviderCard: (props: any) => {
+    providerCardRenderSpy(props);
+    const {
+      provider,
+      onSwitch,
+      onEdit,
+      onDelete,
+      onDuplicate,
+      onConfigureUsage,
+    } = props;
+
+    return (
+      <div data-testid={`provider-card-${provider.id}`}>
+        <button
+          data-testid={`switch-${provider.id}`}
+          onClick={() => onSwitch(provider)}
+        >
+          switch
+        </button>
+        <button
+          data-testid={`edit-${provider.id}`}
+          onClick={() => onEdit(provider)}
+        >
+          edit
+        </button>
+        <button
+          data-testid={`duplicate-${provider.id}`}
+          onClick={() => onDuplicate(provider)}
+        >
+          duplicate
+        </button>
+        <button
+          data-testid={`usage-${provider.id}`}
+          onClick={() => onConfigureUsage(provider)}
+        >
+          usage
+        </button>
+        <button
+          data-testid={`delete-${provider.id}`}
+          onClick={() => onDelete(provider)}
+        >
+          delete
+        </button>
+        <span data-testid={`is-current-${provider.id}`}>
+          {props.isCurrent ? "current" : "inactive"}
+        </span>
+        <span data-testid={`edit-mode-${provider.id}`}>
+          {props.isEditMode ? "edit-mode" : "view-mode"}
+        </span>
+        <span data-testid={`drag-attr-${provider.id}`}>
+          {props.dragHandleProps?.attributes?.["data-dnd-id"] ?? "none"}
+        </span>
+      </div>
+    );
+  },
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@/components/UsageFooter", () => ({
+  default: () => <div data-testid="usage-footer" />,
+}));
+
+vi.mock("@dnd-kit/sortable", async () => {
+  const actual = await vi.importActual<any>("@dnd-kit/sortable");
+
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    useSortable: (...args: unknown[]) => useSortableMock(...args),
+  };
+});
+
+function createProvider(overrides: Partial<Provider> = {}): Provider {
+  return {
+    id: overrides.id ?? "provider-1",
+    name: overrides.name ?? "Test Provider",
+    settingsConfig: overrides.settingsConfig ?? {},
+    category: overrides.category,
+    createdAt: overrides.createdAt,
+    sortIndex: overrides.sortIndex,
+    meta: overrides.meta,
+    websiteUrl: overrides.websiteUrl,
+  };
+}
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  useDragSortMock.mockReset();
+  useSortableMock.mockReset();
+  providerCardRenderSpy.mockClear();
+
+  useSortableMock.mockImplementation(({ id }: { id: string }) => ({
+    setNodeRef: vi.fn(),
+    attributes: { "data-dnd-id": id },
+    listeners: { onPointerDown: vi.fn() },
+    transform: null,
+    transition: null,
+    isDragging: false,
+  }));
+
+  useDragSortMock.mockReturnValue({
+    sortedProviders: [],
+    sensors: [],
+    handleDragEnd: vi.fn(),
+  });
+});
+
+describe("ProviderList Component", () => {
+  it("should render skeleton placeholders when loading", () => {
+    const { container } = render(
+      <ProviderList
+        providers={{}}
+        currentProviderId=""
+        appType="claude"
+        onSwitch={vi.fn()}
+        onEdit={vi.fn()}
+        onDelete={vi.fn()}
+        onDuplicate={vi.fn()}
+        onOpenWebsite={vi.fn()}
+        isLoading
+      />,
+    );
+
+    const placeholders = container.querySelectorAll(
+      ".border-dashed.border-muted-foreground\\/40",
+    );
+    expect(placeholders).toHaveLength(3);
+  });
+
+  it("should show empty state and trigger create callback when no providers exist", () => {
+    const handleCreate = vi.fn();
+    useDragSortMock.mockReturnValueOnce({
+      sortedProviders: [],
+      sensors: [],
+      handleDragEnd: vi.fn(),
+    });
+
+    render(
+      <ProviderList
+        providers={{}}
+        currentProviderId=""
+        appType="claude"
+        onSwitch={vi.fn()}
+        onEdit={vi.fn()}
+        onDelete={vi.fn()}
+        onDuplicate={vi.fn()}
+        onOpenWebsite={vi.fn()}
+        onCreate={handleCreate}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    const addButton = screen.getByRole("button", {
+      name: "provider.addProvider",
+    });
+    fireEvent.click(addButton);
+
+    expect(handleCreate).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("should render in order returned by useDragSort and pass through action callbacks", () => {
+    const providerA = createProvider({ id: "a", name: "A" });
+    const providerB = createProvider({ id: "b", name: "B" });
+
+    const handleSwitch = vi.fn();
+    const handleEdit = vi.fn();
+    const handleDelete = vi.fn();
+    const handleDuplicate = vi.fn();
+    const handleUsage = vi.fn();
+    const handleOpenWebsite = vi.fn();
+
+    useDragSortMock.mockReturnValue({
+      sortedProviders: [providerB, providerA],
+      sensors: [],
+      handleDragEnd: vi.fn(),
+    });
+
+    render(
+      <ProviderList
+        providers={{ a: providerA, b: providerB }}
+        currentProviderId="b"
+        appType="claude"
+        isEditMode
+        onSwitch={handleSwitch}
+        onEdit={handleEdit}
+        onDelete={handleDelete}
+        onDuplicate={handleDuplicate}
+        onConfigureUsage={handleUsage}
+        onOpenWebsite={handleOpenWebsite}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    // Verify sort order
+    expect(providerCardRenderSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(providerCardRenderSpy.mock.calls[0][0].provider.id).toBe("b");
+    expect(providerCardRenderSpy.mock.calls[1][0].provider.id).toBe("a");
+
+    // Verify current provider marker and edit mode pass-through
+    expect(
+      providerCardRenderSpy.mock.calls[0][0].isCurrent,
+    ).toBe(true);
+    expect(providerCardRenderSpy.mock.calls[0][0].isEditMode).toBe(true);
+
+    // Drag attributes from useSortable
+    expect(
+      providerCardRenderSpy.mock.calls[0][0].dragHandleProps?.attributes[
+        "data-dnd-id"
+      ],
+    ).toBe("b");
+    expect(
+      providerCardRenderSpy.mock.calls[1][0].dragHandleProps?.attributes[
+        "data-dnd-id"
+      ],
+    ).toBe("a");
+
+    // Trigger action buttons
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByTestId("switch-b"));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByTestId("edit-b"));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByTestId("duplicate-b"));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByTestId("usage-b"));
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByTestId("delete-a"));
+
+    expect(handleSwitch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(providerB);
+    expect(handleEdit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(providerB);
+    expect(handleDuplicate).toHaveBeenCalledWith(providerB);
+    expect(handleUsage).toHaveBeenCalledWith(providerB);
+    expect(handleDelete).toHaveBeenCalledWith(providerA);
+
+    // Verify useDragSort call parameters
+    expect(useDragSortMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      { a: providerA, b: providerB },
+      "claude",
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/hooks/useImportExport.test.tsx b/tests/hooks/useImportExport.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08aa30c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/hooks/useImportExport.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+import { renderHook, act } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from "vitest";
+import { useImportExport } from "@/hooks/useImportExport";
+
+const toastSuccessMock = vi.fn();
+const toastErrorMock = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock("sonner", () => ({
+  toast: {
+    success: (...args: unknown[]) => toastSuccessMock(...args),
+    error: (...args: unknown[]) => toastErrorMock(...args),
+  },
+}));
+
+const openFileDialogMock = vi.fn();
+const importConfigMock = vi.fn();
+const saveFileDialogMock = vi.fn();
+const exportConfigMock = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/api", () => ({
+  settingsApi: {
+    openFileDialog: (...args: unknown[]) => openFileDialogMock(...args),
+    importConfigFromFile: (...args: unknown[]) => importConfigMock(...args),
+    saveFileDialog: (...args: unknown[]) => saveFileDialogMock(...args),
+    exportConfigToFile: (...args: unknown[]) => exportConfigMock(...args),
+  },
+}));
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  openFileDialogMock.mockReset();
+  importConfigMock.mockReset();
+  saveFileDialogMock.mockReset();
+  exportConfigMock.mockReset();
+  toastSuccessMock.mockReset();
+  toastErrorMock.mockReset();
+  vi.useFakeTimers();
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  vi.useRealTimers();
+});
+
+describe("useImportExport Hook", () => {
+  it("should update state after successfully selecting file", async () => {
+    openFileDialogMock.mockResolvedValue("/path/config.json");
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => useImportExport());
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await result.current.selectImportFile();
+    });
+
+    expect(result.current.selectedFile).toBe("/path/config.json");
+    expect(result.current.status).toBe("idle");
+    expect(result.current.errorMessage).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it("should show error toast and keep initial state when file dialog fails", async () => {
+    openFileDialogMock.mockRejectedValue(new Error("file dialog error"));
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => useImportExport());
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await result.current.selectImportFile();
+    });
+
+    expect(toastErrorMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(result.current.selectedFile).toBe("");
+    expect(result.current.status).toBe("idle");
+  });
+
+  it("should show error and return early when no file is selected for import", async () => {
+    const { result } = renderHook(() =>
+      useImportExport({ onImportSuccess: vi.fn() }),
+    );
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await result.current.importConfig();
+    });
+
+    expect(toastErrorMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(importConfigMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(result.current.status).toBe("idle");
+  });
+
+  it("should set success status, record backup ID, and call callback on successful import", async () => {
+    openFileDialogMock.mockResolvedValue("/config.json");
+    importConfigMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      success: true,
+      backupId: "backup-123",
+    });
+    const onImportSuccess = vi.fn();
+
+    const { result } = renderHook(() =>
+      useImportExport({ onImportSuccess }),
+    );
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await result.current.selectImportFile();
+    });
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await result.current.importConfig();
+    });
+
+    expect(importConfigMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith("/config.json");
+    expect(result.current.status).toBe("success");
+    expect(result.current.backupId).toBe("backup-123");
+    expect(toastSuccessMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+    // Skip delay to execute callback
+    await act(async () => {
+      vi.runOnlyPendingTimers();
+    });
+
+    expect(onImportSuccess).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("should show error message and keep selected file when import result fails", async () => {
+    openFileDialogMock.mockResolvedValue("/config.json");
+    importConfigMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      success: false,
+      message: "Config corrupted",
+    });
+
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => useImportExport());
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await result.current.selectImportFile();
+    });
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await result.current.importConfig();
+    });
+
+    expect(result.current.status).toBe("error");
+    expect(result.current.errorMessage).toBe("Config corrupted");
+    expect(result.current.selectedFile).toBe("/config.json");
+    expect(toastErrorMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith("Config corrupted");
+  });
+
+  it("should catch and display error when import process throws exception", async () => {
+    openFileDialogMock.mockResolvedValue("/config.json");
+    importConfigMock.mockRejectedValue(new Error("Import failed"));
+
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => useImportExport());
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await result.current.selectImportFile();
+    });
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await result.current.importConfig();
+    });
+
+    expect(result.current.status).toBe("error");
+    expect(result.current.errorMessage).toBe("Import failed");
+    expect(toastErrorMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining("导入配置失败:"),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("should export successfully with default filename and show path in toast", async () => {
+    saveFileDialogMock.mockResolvedValue("/export.json");
+    exportConfigMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      success: true,
+      filePath: "/backup/export.json",
+    });
+
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => useImportExport());
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await result.current.exportConfig();
+    });
+
+    expect(saveFileDialogMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(exportConfigMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith("/export.json");
+    expect(toastSuccessMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining("/backup/export.json"),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("should show error message when export fails", async () => {
+    saveFileDialogMock.mockResolvedValue("/export.json");
+    exportConfigMock.mockResolvedValue({
+      success: false,
+      message: "Write failed",
+    });
+
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => useImportExport());
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await result.current.exportConfig();
+    });
+
+    expect(toastErrorMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining("Write failed"),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("should catch and show error when export throws exception", async () => {
+    saveFileDialogMock.mockResolvedValue("/export.json");
+    exportConfigMock.mockRejectedValue(new Error("Disk read-only"));
+
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => useImportExport());
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await result.current.exportConfig();
+    });
+
+    expect(toastErrorMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining("Disk read-only"),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("should show error and return when user cancels save dialog during export", async () => {
+    saveFileDialogMock.mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => useImportExport());
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await result.current.exportConfig();
+    });
+
+    expect(exportConfigMock).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(toastErrorMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it("should restore initial values when clearing selection and resetting status", async () => {
+    openFileDialogMock.mockResolvedValue("/config.json");
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => useImportExport());
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await result.current.selectImportFile();
+    });
+
+    act(() => {
+      result.current.clearSelection();
+    });
+
+    expect(result.current.selectedFile).toBe("");
+    expect(result.current.status).toBe("idle");
+
+    act(() => {
+      result.current.resetStatus();
+    });
+
+    expect(result.current.errorMessage).toBeNull();
+    expect(result.current.backupId).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/hooks/useSettingsForm.test.tsx b/tests/hooks/useSettingsForm.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a84c9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/hooks/useSettingsForm.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+import { renderHook, act, waitFor } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from "vitest";
+import i18n from "i18next";
+import { useSettingsForm } from "@/hooks/useSettingsForm";
+
+const useSettingsQueryMock = vi.fn();
+
+vi.mock("@/lib/query", () => ({
+  useSettingsQuery: (...args: unknown[]) => useSettingsQueryMock(...args),
+}));
+
+let changeLanguageSpy: ReturnType<typeof vi.spyOn<any, any>>;
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  useSettingsQueryMock.mockReset();
+  window.localStorage.clear();
+  (i18n as any).language = "zh";
+  changeLanguageSpy = vi
+    .spyOn(i18n, "changeLanguage")
+    .mockImplementation(async (lang?: string) => {
+      (i18n as any).language = lang;
+      return i18n.t;
+    });
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  changeLanguageSpy.mockRestore();
+});
+
+describe("useSettingsForm Hook", () => {
+  it("should normalize settings and sync language on initialization", async () => {
+    useSettingsQueryMock.mockReturnValue({
+      data: {
+        showInTray: undefined,
+        minimizeToTrayOnClose: undefined,
+        enableClaudePluginIntegration: undefined,
+        claudeConfigDir: "  /Users/demo  ",
+        codexConfigDir: "   ",
+        language: "en",
+      },
+      isLoading: false,
+    });
+
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => useSettingsForm());
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(result.current.settings).not.toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    const settings = result.current.settings!;
+    expect(settings.showInTray).toBe(true);
+    expect(settings.minimizeToTrayOnClose).toBe(true);
+    expect(settings.enableClaudePluginIntegration).toBe(false);
+    expect(settings.claudeConfigDir).toBe("/Users/demo");
+    expect(settings.codexConfigDir).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(settings.language).toBe("en");
+    expect(result.current.initialLanguage).toBe("en");
+    expect(changeLanguageSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith("en");
+  });
+
+  it("should prioritize reading language from local storage in readPersistedLanguage", () => {
+    useSettingsQueryMock.mockReturnValue({
+      data: null,
+      isLoading: false,
+    });
+    window.localStorage.setItem("language", "en");
+
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => useSettingsForm());
+
+    const lang = result.current.readPersistedLanguage();
+    expect(lang).toBe("en");
+    expect(changeLanguageSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("should update fields and sync language when language changes in updateSettings", () => {
+    useSettingsQueryMock.mockReturnValue({
+      data: null,
+      isLoading: false,
+    });
+
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => useSettingsForm());
+
+    act(() => {
+      result.current.updateSettings({ showInTray: false });
+    });
+
+    expect(result.current.settings?.showInTray).toBe(false);
+
+    changeLanguageSpy.mockClear();
+    act(() => {
+      result.current.updateSettings({ language: "en" });
+    });
+
+    expect(result.current.settings?.language).toBe("en");
+    expect(changeLanguageSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith("en");
+  });
+
+  it("should reset with server data and restore initial language in resetSettings", async () => {
+    useSettingsQueryMock.mockReturnValue({
+      data: {
+        showInTray: true,
+        minimizeToTrayOnClose: true,
+        enableClaudePluginIntegration: false,
+        claudeConfigDir: "/origin",
+        codexConfigDir: null,
+        language: "en",
+      },
+      isLoading: false,
+    });
+
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => useSettingsForm());
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(result.current.settings).not.toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    changeLanguageSpy.mockClear();
+    (i18n as any).language = "zh";
+
+    act(() => {
+      result.current.resetSettings({
+        showInTray: false,
+        minimizeToTrayOnClose: false,
+        enableClaudePluginIntegration: true,
+        claudeConfigDir: "  /reset  ",
+        codexConfigDir: "   ",
+        language: "zh",
+      });
+    });
+
+    const settings = result.current.settings!;
+    expect(settings.showInTray).toBe(false);
+    expect(settings.minimizeToTrayOnClose).toBe(false);
+    expect(settings.enableClaudePluginIntegration).toBe(true);
+    expect(settings.claudeConfigDir).toBe("/reset");
+    expect(settings.codexConfigDir).toBeUndefined();
+    expect(settings.language).toBe("zh");
+    expect(result.current.initialLanguage).toBe("en");
+    expect(changeLanguageSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith("en");
+  });
+
+  it("should not call changeLanguage repeatedly when language is consistent in syncLanguage", async () => {
+    useSettingsQueryMock.mockReturnValue({
+      data: {
+        showInTray: true,
+        minimizeToTrayOnClose: true,
+        enableClaudePluginIntegration: false,
+        claudeConfigDir: null,
+        codexConfigDir: null,
+        language: "zh",
+      },
+      isLoading: false,
+    });
+
+    const { result } = renderHook(() => useSettingsForm());
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(result.current.settings).not.toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    changeLanguageSpy.mockClear();
+    (i18n as any).language = "zh";
+
+    act(() => {
+      result.current.syncLanguage("zh");
+    });
+
+    expect(changeLanguageSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});