feat: implement target configuration system for issue #1176

Add comprehensive target configuration parsing and inheritance system:

- Create internal/targets package with config structures
- Support JSON configuration loading with inheritance resolution
- Implement multi-level inheritance (e.g., rp2040 → cortex-m0plus → cortex-m)
- Add 206 target configurations from TinyGo for embedded platforms
- Support core fields: name, llvm-target, cpu, features, build-tags, goos, goarch, cflags, ldflags
- Provide high-level resolver interface for target lookup
- Include comprehensive unit tests with 100% target parsing coverage

This foundation enables future -target parameter support for cross-compilation
to diverse embedded platforms beyond current GOOS/GOARCH limitations.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

targets/arduino.json

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+	"inherits": ["atmega328p"],
+	"build-tags": ["arduino"],
+	"ldflags": [
+		"--defsym=_bootloader_size=512",
+		"--defsym=_stack_size=512"
+	],
+	"flash-command": "avrdude -c arduino -p atmega328p -P {port} -U flash:w:{hex}:i",
+	"serial-port": ["2341:0043", "2341:0001", "2a03:0043", "2341:0243"],
+	"emulator": "simavr -m atmega328p -f 16000000 {}"
+}