feat: implement target configuration system for issue #1176

Add comprehensive target configuration parsing and inheritance system:

- Create internal/targets package with config structures
- Support JSON configuration loading with inheritance resolution
- Implement multi-level inheritance (e.g., rp2040 → cortex-m0plus → cortex-m)
- Add 206 target configurations from TinyGo for embedded platforms
- Support core fields: name, llvm-target, cpu, features, build-tags, goos, goarch, cflags, ldflags
- Provide high-level resolver interface for target lookup
- Include comprehensive unit tests with 100% target parsing coverage

This foundation enables future -target parameter support for cross-compilation
to diverse embedded platforms beyond current GOOS/GOARCH limitations.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

targets/avrtiny.ld

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/* Linker script for AVRs with a unified flash and RAM address space. This
+ * includes the ATtiny10 and the ATtiny1616.
+ */
+
+MEMORY
+{
+    FLASH_TEXT (x) : ORIGIN = 0,                    LENGTH = __flash_size
+    FLASH_DATA (r) : ORIGIN = __mapped_flash_start, LENGTH = __flash_size
+    RAM (xrw)      : ORIGIN = __ram_start,          LENGTH = __ram_size
+}
+
+ENTRY(main)
+
+SECTIONS
+{
+    .text :
+    {
+        KEEP(*(.vectors))
+        *(.text.__vector_RESET)
+        KEEP(*(.text.__do_copy_data)) /* TODO: only use when __do_copy_data is requested */
+        KEEP(*(.text.__do_clear_bss))
+        KEEP(*(.text.main)) /* main must follow the reset handler */
+        *(.text)
+        *(.text.*)
+    } > FLASH_TEXT
+
+    /* Read-only data is stored in flash, but is read from an offset (0x4000 or
+     * 0x8000 depending on the chip). This requires some weird math to get it in
+     * the right place.
+     */
+    .rodata ORIGIN(FLASH_DATA) + ADDR(.text) + SIZEOF(.text):
+    {
+        *(.rodata)
+        *(.rodata.*)
+    } AT>FLASH_TEXT
+
+    /* The address to which the data section should be copied by the startup
+     * code.
+     */
+    __data_load_start = ORIGIN(FLASH_DATA) + LOADADDR(.data);
+
+    .data :
+    {
+        __data_start = .;  /* used by startup code */
+        *(.data)
+        *(.data*)
+        __data_end = .;    /* used by startup code */
+    } >RAM AT>FLASH_TEXT
+
+    .bss :
+    {
+        __bss_start = .;   /* used by startup code */
+        *(.bss)
+        *(.bss*)
+        *(COMMON)
+        __bss_end = .;     /* used by startup code */
+    } >RAM
+}