diff --git a/src/steps/emacs.rs b/src/steps/emacs.rs
index 672fe3a2..bbd80bb3 100644
--- a/src/steps/emacs.rs
+++ b/src/steps/emacs.rs
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ impl Emacs {
 
         print_separator("Emacs");
 
-        let mut command = ctx.run_type().execute(&emacs);
+        let mut command = ctx.run_type().execute(emacs);
 
         command
             .args(["--batch", "--debug-init", "-l"])
diff --git a/src/steps/generic.rs b/src/steps/generic.rs
index c39a18ef..22c118f8 100644
--- a/src/steps/generic.rs
+++ b/src/steps/generic.rs
@@ -60,12 +60,12 @@ pub fn run_flutter_upgrade(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
     let flutter = utils::require("flutter")?;
 
     print_separator("Flutter");
-    run_type.execute(&flutter).arg("upgrade").check_run()
+    run_type.execute(flutter).arg("upgrade").check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_go(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
     let go = utils::require("go")?;
-    let go_output = run_type.execute(&go).args(["env", "GOPATH"]).check_output()?;
+    let go_output = run_type.execute(go).args(["env", "GOPATH"]).check_output()?;
     let gopath = go_output.trim();
 
     let go_global_update = utils::require("go-global-update")
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ pub fn run_go(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
 
     print_separator("Go");
 
-    run_type.execute(&go_global_update).check_run()
+    run_type.execute(go_global_update).check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_gem(base_dirs: &BaseDirs, run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ pub fn run_gem(base_dirs: &BaseDirs, run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
 
     print_separator("RubyGems");
 
-    let mut command = run_type.execute(&gem);
+    let mut command = run_type.execute(gem);
     command.arg("update");
 
     if env::var_os("RBENV_SHELL").is_none() {
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ pub fn run_sheldon(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
 
     print_separator("Sheldon");
 
-    ctx.run_type().execute(&sheldon).args(["lock", "--update"]).check_run()
+    ctx.run_type().execute(sheldon).args(["lock", "--update"]).check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_fossil(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ pub fn run_fossil(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
 
     print_separator("Fossil");
 
-    run_type.execute(&fossil).args(["all", "sync"]).check_run()
+    run_type.execute(fossil).args(["all", "sync"]).check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_micro(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ pub fn run_micro(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
 
     print_separator("micro");
 
-    let stdout = run_type.execute(&micro).args(["-plugin", "update"]).string_output()?;
+    let stdout = run_type.execute(micro).args(["-plugin", "update"]).string_output()?;
     std::io::stdout().write_all(stdout.as_bytes())?;
 
     if stdout.contains("Nothing to install / update") || stdout.contains("One or more plugins installed") {
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ pub fn run_apm(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
 
     print_separator("Atom Package Manager");
 
-    run_type.execute(&apm).args(["upgrade", "--confirm=false"]).check_run()
+    run_type.execute(apm).args(["upgrade", "--confirm=false"]).check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_rustup(base_dirs: &BaseDirs, run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ pub fn run_krew_upgrade(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
 
     print_separator("Krew");
 
-    run_type.execute(&krew).args(["upgrade"]).check_run()
+    run_type.execute(krew).args(["upgrade"]).check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_gcloud_components_update(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ pub fn run_gcloud_components_update(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
     print_separator("gcloud");
 
     run_type
-        .execute(&gcloud)
+        .execute(gcloud)
         .args(["components", "update", "--quiet"])
         .check_run()
 }
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ pub fn run_jetpack(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
 
     print_separator("Jetpack");
 
-    run_type.execute(&jetpack).args(["global", "update"]).check_run()
+    run_type.execute(jetpack).args(["global", "update"]).check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_rtcl(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ pub fn run_rtcl(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
 
     print_separator("rtcl");
 
-    ctx.run_type().execute(&rupdate).check_run()
+    ctx.run_type().execute(rupdate).check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_opam_update(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
@@ -239,14 +239,14 @@ pub fn run_vcpkg_update(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
     let vcpkg = utils::require("vcpkg")?;
     print_separator("vcpkg");
 
-    run_type.execute(&vcpkg).args(["upgrade", "--no-dry-run"]).check_run()
+    run_type.execute(vcpkg).args(["upgrade", "--no-dry-run"]).check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_pipx_update(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
     let pipx = utils::require("pipx")?;
     print_separator("pipx");
 
-    run_type.execute(&pipx).arg("upgrade-all").check_run()
+    run_type.execute(pipx).arg("upgrade-all").check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_conda_update(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ pub fn run_conda_update(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
     print_separator("Conda");
 
     ctx.run_type()
-        .execute(&conda)
+        .execute(conda)
         .args(["update", "--all", "-y"])
         .check_run()
 }
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ pub fn run_pip3_update(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
 }
 
 pub fn run_stack_update(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Ok(_) = utils::require("ghcup") {
+    if utils::require("ghcup").is_ok() {
         // `ghcup` is present and probably(?) being used to install `stack`.
         // Don't upgrade `stack`, let `ghcup` handle it. Per `ghcup install stack`:
         // !!! Additionally, you should upgrade stack only through ghcup and not use 'stack upgrade' !!!
@@ -299,14 +299,14 @@ pub fn run_stack_update(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
     let stack = utils::require("stack")?;
     print_separator("stack");
 
-    run_type.execute(&stack).arg("upgrade").check_run()
+    run_type.execute(stack).arg("upgrade").check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_ghcup_update(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
     let ghcup = utils::require("ghcup")?;
     print_separator("ghcup");
 
-    run_type.execute(&ghcup).arg("upgrade").check_run()
+    run_type.execute(ghcup).arg("upgrade").check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_tlmgr_update(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ pub fn run_tlmgr_update(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
     let tlmgr_directory = {
         let mut d = PathBuf::from(
             std::str::from_utf8(
-                &Command::new(&kpsewhich)
+                &Command::new(kpsewhich)
                     .arg("-var-value=SELFAUTOPARENT")
                     .output()?
                     .stdout,
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ pub fn run_chezmoi_update(base_dirs: &BaseDirs, run_type: RunType) -> Result<()>
 
     print_separator("chezmoi");
 
-    run_type.execute(&chezmoi).arg("update").check_run()
+    run_type.execute(chezmoi).arg("update").check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_myrepos_update(base_dirs: &BaseDirs, run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ pub fn run_composer_update(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
 
     if stdout.contains("valet") || stderr.contains("valet") {
         if let Some(valet) = utils::which("valet") {
-            ctx.run_type().execute(&valet).arg("install").check_run()?;
+            ctx.run_type().execute(valet).arg("install").check_run()?;
         }
     }
 
@@ -485,21 +485,21 @@ pub fn run_raco_update(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
 
     print_separator("Racket Package Manager");
 
-    run_type.execute(&raco).args(["pkg", "update", "--all"]).check_run()
+    run_type.execute(raco).args(["pkg", "update", "--all"]).check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn bin_update(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
     let bin = utils::require("bin")?;
 
     print_separator("Bin");
-    ctx.run_type().execute(&bin).arg("update").check_run()
+    ctx.run_type().execute(bin).arg("update").check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn spicetify_upgrade(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
     let spicetify = utils::require("spicetify")?;
 
     print_separator("Spicetify");
-    ctx.run_type().execute(&spicetify).arg("upgrade").check_run()
+    ctx.run_type().execute(spicetify).arg("upgrade").check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_ghcli_extensions_upgrade(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ pub fn update_julia_packages(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
     print_separator("Julia Packages");
 
     ctx.run_type()
-        .execute(&julia)
+        .execute(julia)
         .args(["-e", "using Pkg; Pkg.update()"])
         .check_run()
 }
diff --git a/src/steps/kakoune.rs b/src/steps/kakoune.rs
index e06e2fe4..d2b5014b 100644
--- a/src/steps/kakoune.rs
+++ b/src/steps/kakoune.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub fn upgrade_kak_plug(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
 
     print_separator("Kakoune");
 
-    let mut command = ctx.run_type().execute(&kak);
+    let mut command = ctx.run_type().execute(kak);
     command.args(["-ui", "dummy", "-e", UPGRADE_KAK]);
 
     let output = command.output()?;
diff --git a/src/steps/os/macos.rs b/src/steps/os/macos.rs
index 14c7e281..dab80d4b 100644
--- a/src/steps/os/macos.rs
+++ b/src/steps/os/macos.rs
@@ -11,15 +11,15 @@ pub fn run_macports(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
     require("port")?;
     let sudo = ctx.sudo().as_ref().unwrap();
     print_separator("MacPorts");
-    ctx.run_type().execute(sudo).args(&["port", "selfupdate"]).check_run()?;
+    ctx.run_type().execute(sudo).args(["port", "selfupdate"]).check_run()?;
     ctx.run_type()
         .execute(sudo)
-        .args(&["port", "-u", "upgrade", "outdated"])
+        .args(["port", "-u", "upgrade", "outdated"])
         .check_run()?;
     if ctx.config().cleanup() {
         ctx.run_type()
             .execute(sudo)
-            .args(&["port", "-N", "reclaim"])
+            .args(["port", "-N", "reclaim"])
             .check_run()?;
     }
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub fn upgrade_macos(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
     }
 
     let mut command = ctx.run_type().execute("softwareupdate");
-    command.args(&["--install", "--all"]);
+    command.args(["--install", "--all"]);
 
     if should_ask {
         command.arg("--no-scan");
@@ -81,12 +81,12 @@ pub fn run_sparkle(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
 
     for application in (fs::read_dir("/Applications")?).flatten() {
         let probe = Command::new(&sparkle)
-            .args(&["--probe", "--application"])
+            .args(["--probe", "--application"])
             .arg(application.path())
             .check_output();
         if probe.is_ok() {
             let mut command = ctx.run_type().execute(&sparkle);
-            command.args(&["bundle", "--check-immediately", "--application"]);
+            command.args(["bundle", "--check-immediately", "--application"]);
             command.arg(application.path());
             command.spawn()?.wait()?;
         }
diff --git a/src/steps/os/unix.rs b/src/steps/os/unix.rs
index a7313ed8..6f20d17d 100644
--- a/src/steps/os/unix.rs
+++ b/src/steps/os/unix.rs
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ pub fn run_oh_my_fish(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
 
     print_separator("oh-my-fish");
 
-    ctx.run_type().execute(&fish).args(["-c", "omf update"]).check_run()
+    ctx.run_type().execute(fish).args(["-c", "omf update"]).check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_pkgin(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ pub fn run_fish_plug(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
 
     print_separator("fish-plug");
 
-    ctx.run_type().execute(&fish).args(["-c", "plug update"]).check_run()
+    ctx.run_type().execute(fish).args(["-c", "plug update"]).check_run()
 }
 
 /// Upgrades `fundle` and `fundle` plugins.
@@ -258,19 +258,19 @@ pub fn run_brew_cask(ctx: &ExecutionContext, variant: BrewVariant) -> Result<()>
 
     let cask_upgrade_exists = variant
         .execute(RunType::Wet)
-        .args(&["--repository", "buo/cask-upgrade"])
+        .args(["--repository", "buo/cask-upgrade"])
         .check_output()
         .map(|p| Path::new(p.trim()).exists())?;
 
     let mut brew_args = vec![];
 
     if cask_upgrade_exists {
-        brew_args.extend(&["cu", "-y"]);
+        brew_args.extend(["cu", "-y"]);
         if ctx.config().brew_cask_greedy() {
             brew_args.push("-a");
         }
     } else {
-        brew_args.extend(&["upgrade", "--cask"]);
+        brew_args.extend(["upgrade", "--cask"]);
         if ctx.config().brew_cask_greedy() {
             brew_args.push("--greedy");
         }
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ pub fn run_nix(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
         }
     }
 
-    run_type.execute(&nix_channel).arg("--update").check_run()?;
+    run_type.execute(nix_channel).arg("--update").check_run()?;
 
     if std::path::Path::new(&manifest_json_path).exists() {
         run_type
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ pub fn run_yadm(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
 
     print_separator("yadm");
 
-    ctx.run_type().execute(&yadm).arg("pull").check_run()
+    ctx.run_type().execute(yadm).arg("pull").check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_asdf(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
@@ -392,21 +392,21 @@ pub fn run_home_manager(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
     let home_manager = require("home-manager")?;
 
     print_separator("home-manager");
-    run_type.execute(&home_manager).arg("switch").check_run()
+    run_type.execute(home_manager).arg("switch").check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_tldr(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
     let tldr = require("tldr")?;
 
     print_separator("TLDR");
-    run_type.execute(&tldr).arg("--update").check_run()
+    run_type.execute(tldr).arg("--update").check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_pearl(run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
     let pearl = require("pearl")?;
     print_separator("pearl");
 
-    run_type.execute(&pearl).arg("update").check_run()
+    run_type.execute(pearl).arg("update").check_run()
 }
 
 pub fn run_sdkman(base_dirs: &BaseDirs, cleanup: bool, run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ pub fn run_bun(ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
 
     print_separator("Bun");
 
-    ctx.run_type().execute(&bun).arg("upgrade").check_run()
+    ctx.run_type().execute(bun).arg("upgrade").check_run()
 }
 
 /// Update dotfiles with `rcm(7)`.
diff --git a/src/steps/remote/ssh.rs b/src/steps/remote/ssh.rs
index 5d498521..8636b895 100644
--- a/src/steps/remote/ssh.rs
+++ b/src/steps/remote/ssh.rs
@@ -47,6 +47,6 @@ pub fn ssh_step(ctx: &ExecutionContext, hostname: &str) -> Result<()> {
         print_separator(format!("Remote ({})", hostname));
         println!("Connecting to {}...", hostname);
 
-        ctx.run_type().execute(&ssh).args(&args).check_run()
+        ctx.run_type().execute(ssh).args(&args).check_run()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/steps/tmux.rs b/src/steps/tmux.rs
index 3c54363e..85082b98 100644
--- a/src/steps/tmux.rs
+++ b/src/steps/tmux.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub fn run_tpm(base_dirs: &BaseDirs, run_type: RunType) -> Result<()> {
 
     print_separator("tmux plugins");
 
-    run_type.execute(&tpm).arg("all").check_run()
+    run_type.execute(tpm).arg("all").check_run()
 }
 
 struct Tmux {
diff --git a/src/steps/vim.rs b/src/steps/vim.rs
index fb7f4990..4a7538fc 100644
--- a/src/steps/vim.rs
+++ b/src/steps/vim.rs
@@ -118,9 +118,9 @@ pub fn upgrade_vim(base_dirs: &BaseDirs, ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()> {
     upgrade(
         ctx.run_type()
             .execute(&vim)
-            .args(&["-u"])
+            .args(["-u"])
             .arg(vimrc)
-            .args(&["-U", "NONE", "-V1", "-nNesS"])
+            .args(["-U", "NONE", "-V1", "-nNesS"])
             .arg(upgrade_script()?.path()),
         ctx,
     )
@@ -133,10 +133,10 @@ pub fn upgrade_neovim(base_dirs: &BaseDirs, ctx: &ExecutionContext) -> Result<()
     print_separator("Neovim");
     upgrade(
         ctx.run_type()
-            .execute(&nvim)
-            .args(&["-u"])
+            .execute(nvim)
+            .args(["-u"])
             .arg(nvimrc)
-            .args(&["--headless", "-V1", "-nS"])
+            .args(["--headless", "-V1", "-nS"])
             .arg(upgrade_script()?.path()),
         ctx,
     )
diff --git a/src/terminal.rs b/src/terminal.rs
index b6537fc8..b6273a8a 100644
--- a/src/terminal.rs
+++ b/src/terminal.rs
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ impl Terminal {
             self.term.set_title("Topgrade - Awaiting user");
         }
 
-        self.notify_desktop(&format!("{} failed", step_name), None);
+        self.notify_desktop(format!("{} failed", step_name), None);
 
         self.term
             .write_fmt(format_args!(