Fix: DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER

Fix DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER behavior
DNS ready signaling fixed
2021-01-06 21:57:16 +00:00 · 2021-01-03 16:38:46 +00:00 · 2021-01-02 23:55:53 +00:00 · 2021-01-02 23:55:29 +00:00
841 changed files with 20677 additions and 359877 deletions
--- a/.devcontainer/.dockerignore
+++ b/.devcontainer/.dockerignore
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 .dockerignore
 devcontainer.json
+docker-compose.yml
 Dockerfile
 README.md
--- a/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
+++ b/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-FROM ghcr.io/qdm12/godevcontainer:v0.21-alpine
-RUN apk add wireguard-tools htop openssl
+FROM qmcgaw/godevcontainer
--- a/.devcontainer/README.md
+++ b/.devcontainer/README.md
@@ -2,47 +2,67 @@

 Development container that can be used with VSCode.

-It works on Linux, Windows (WSL2) and OSX.
+It works on Linux, Windows and OSX.

 ## Requirements

 - [VS code](https://code.visualstudio.com/download) installed
- [VS code dev containers extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode-remote.remote-containers) installed
+- [VS code remote containers extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode-remote.remote-containers) installed
 - [Docker](https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop) installed and running
+    - If you don't use Linux or WSL 2, share your home directory `~/` and the directory of your project with Docker Desktop
+- [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/) installed
+- Ensure your host has the following and that they are accessible by Docker:
+    - `~/.ssh` directory
+    - `~/.gitconfig` file (can be empty)

 ## Setup

-1. Create the following files and directory on your host if you don't have them:
-
-    ```sh
-    touch ~/.gitconfig ~/.zsh_history
-    mkdir -p ~/.ssh
-    ```
-
-1. **For OSX hosts**: ensure the project directory and your home directory `~` are accessible by Docker.
 1. Open the command palette in Visual Studio Code (CTRL+SHIFT+P).
-1. Select `Dev-Containers: Open Folder in Container...` and choose the project directory.
+1. Select `Remote-Containers: Open Folder in Container...` and choose the project directory.

 ## Customization

-For any customization to take effect, you should "rebuild and reopen":
+### Customize the image

-1. Open the command palette in Visual Studio Code (CTRL+SHIFT+P)
-2. Select `Dev-Containers: Rebuild Container`
+You can make changes to the [Dockerfile](Dockerfile) and then rebuild the image. For example, your Dockerfile could be:

-Changes you can make are notably:
+```Dockerfile
+FROM qmcgaw/godevcontainer
+USER root
+RUN apk add curl
+USER vscode
+```

- Changes to the Docker image in [Dockerfile](Dockerfile)
- Changes to VSCode **settings** and **extensions** in [devcontainer.json](devcontainer.json).
- Change the entrypoint script by adding a bind mount in [devcontainer.json](devcontainer.json) of a shell script to `/root/.welcome.sh` to replace the [current welcome script](https://github.com/qdm12/godevcontainer/blob/master/shell/.welcome.sh). For example:
+Note that you may need to use `USER root` to build as root, and then change back to `USER vscode`.

-    ```json
-    // Welcome script
-    {
-        "source": "/yourpath/.welcome.sh",
-        "target": "/root/.welcome.sh",
-        "type": "bind"
-    },
+To rebuild the image, either:
+
+- With VSCode through the command palette, select `Remote-Containers: Rebuild and reopen in container`
+- With a terminal, go to this directory and `docker-compose build`
+
+### Customize VS code settings
+
+You can customize **settings** and **extensions** in the [devcontainer.json](devcontainer.json) definition file.
+
+### Entrypoint script
+
+You can bind mount a shell script to `/home/vscode/.welcome.sh` to replace the [current welcome script](shell/.welcome.sh).
+
+### Publish a port
+
+To access a port from your host to your development container, publish a port in [docker-compose.yml](docker-compose.yml).
+
+### Run other services
+
+1. Modify [docker-compose.yml](docker-compose.yml) to launch other services at the same time as this development container, such as a test database:
+
+    ```yml
+      database:
+        image: postgres
+        restart: always
+        environment:
+          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: password
    ```

- More options are documented in the [devcontainer.json reference](https://containers.dev/implementors/json_reference/).
+1. In [devcontainer.json](devcontainer.json), change the line `"runServices": ["vscode"],` to `"runServices": ["vscode", "database"],`.
+1. In the VS code command palette, rebuild the container.
--- a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
+++ b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
@@ -1,111 +1,70 @@
-{
-    "name": "gluetun-dev",
-    // User defined settings
-    "containerEnv": {
-        "TZ": ""
-    },
-    // Fixed settings
-    "build": {
-        "dockerfile": "./Dockerfile"
-    },
-    "postCreateCommand": "~/.windows.sh && go mod download",
-    "capAdd": [
-        "NET_ADMIN", // Gluetun specific
-        "SYS_PTRACE" // for dlv Go debugging
-    ],
-    "securityOpt": [
-        "seccomp=unconfined" // for dlv Go debugging
-    ],
-    "mounts": [
-        // Zsh commands history persistence
-        {
-            "source": "${localEnv:HOME}/.zsh_history",
-            "target": "/root/.zsh_history",
-            "type": "bind"
-        },
-        // Git configuration file
-        {
-            "source": "${localEnv:HOME}/.gitconfig",
-            "target": "/root/.gitconfig",
-            "type": "bind"
-        },
-        // SSH directory for Linux, OSX and WSL
-        // On Linux and OSX, a symlink /mnt/ssh <-> ~/.ssh is
-        // created in the container. On Windows, files are copied
-        // from /mnt/ssh to ~/.ssh to fix permissions.
-        {
-            "source": "${localEnv:HOME}/.ssh",
-            "target": "/mnt/ssh",
-            "type": "bind"
-        },
-        // Docker socket to access the host Docker server
-        {
-            "source": "/var/run/docker.sock",
-            "target": "/var/run/docker.sock",
-            "type": "bind"
-        }
-    ],
-    "customizations": {
-        "vscode": {
-            "extensions": [
-                "golang.go",
-                "eamodio.gitlens", // IDE Git information
-                "davidanson.vscode-markdownlint",
-                "ms-azuretools.vscode-docker", // Docker integration and linting
-                "shardulm94.trailing-spaces", // Show trailing spaces
-                "Gruntfuggly.todo-tree", // Highlights TODO comments
-                "bierner.emojisense", // Emoji sense for markdown
-                "stkb.rewrap", // rewrap comments after n characters on one line
-                "vscode-icons-team.vscode-icons", // Better file extension icons
-                "github.vscode-pull-request-github", // Github interaction
-                "redhat.vscode-yaml", // Kubernetes, Drone syntax highlighting
-                "bajdzis.vscode-database", // Supports connections to mysql or postgres, over SSL, socked
-                "IBM.output-colorizer", // Colorize your output/test logs
-                "github.copilot" // AI code completion
-            ],
-            "settings": {
-                "files.eol": "\n",
-                "remote.extensionKind": {
-                    "ms-azuretools.vscode-docker": "workspace"
-                },
-                "go.useLanguageServer": true,
-                "[go]": {
-                    "editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
-                        "source.organizeImports": "explicit"
-                    }
-                },
-                "[go.mod]": {
-                    "editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
-                        "source.organizeImports": "explicit"
-                    }
-                },
-                "gopls": {
-                    "usePlaceholders": false,
-                    "staticcheck": true,
-                    "ui.diagnostic.analyses": {
-                        "ST1000": false
-                    },
-                    "formatting.gofumpt": true,
-                },
-                "go.lintTool": "golangci-lint",
-                "go.lintOnSave": "package",
-                "editor.formatOnSave": true,
-                "go.buildTags": "linux",
-                "go.toolsEnvVars": {
-                    "CGO_ENABLED": "0"
-                },
-                "go.testEnvVars": {
-                    "CGO_ENABLED": "1"
-                },
-                "go.testFlags": [
-                    "-v",
-                    "-race"
-                ],
-                "go.testTimeout": "10s",
-                "go.coverOnSingleTest": true,
-                "go.coverOnSingleTestFile": true,
-                "go.coverOnTestPackage": true
-            }
-        }
-    }
+{
+    "name": "gluetun-dev",
+    "dockerComposeFile": [
+        "docker-compose.yml"
+    ],
+    "service": "vscode",
+    "runServices": [
+        "vscode"
+    ],
+    "shutdownAction": "stopCompose",
+    "postCreateCommand": "go mod download",
+    "workspaceFolder": "/workspace",
+    "extensions": [
+        "golang.go",
+        "eamodio.gitlens", // IDE Git information
+        "davidanson.vscode-markdownlint",
+        "ms-azuretools.vscode-docker", // Docker integration and linting
+        "shardulm94.trailing-spaces", // Show trailing spaces
+        "Gruntfuggly.todo-tree", // Highlights TODO comments
+        "bierner.emojisense", // Emoji sense for markdown
+        "stkb.rewrap", // rewrap comments after n characters on one line
+        "vscode-icons-team.vscode-icons", // Better file extension icons
+        "github.vscode-pull-request-github", // Github interaction
+        "redhat.vscode-yaml", // Kubernetes, Drone syntax highlighting
+        "bajdzis.vscode-database", // Supports connections to mysql or postgres, over SSL, socked
+        "IBM.output-colorizer", // Colorize your output/test logs
+        "mohsen1.prettify-json", // Prettify JSON data
+    ],
+    "settings": {
+        "files.eol": "\n",
+        "remote.extensionKind": {
+            "ms-azuretools.vscode-docker": "workspace"
+        },
+        "go.useLanguageServer": true,
+        "go.autocompleteUnimportedPackages": true,
+        "go.gotoSymbol.includeImports": true,
+        "go.gotoSymbol.includeGoroot": true,
+        "gopls": {
+            "completeUnimported": true,
+            "deepCompletion": true,
+            "usePlaceholders": false
+        },
+        "go.lintTool": "golangci-lint",
+        "go.buildOnSave": "workspace",
+        "go.lintOnSave": "workspace",
+        "go.vetOnSave": "workspace",
+        "editor.formatOnSave": true,
+        "[go]": {
+            "editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
+                "source.organizeImports": true
+            }
+        },
+        "go.toolsEnvVars": {
+            "GOFLAGS": "-tags=",
+            // "CGO_ENABLED": 1 // for the race detector
+        },
+        "gopls.env": {
+            "GOFLAGS": "-tags="
+        },
+        "go.testEnvVars": {},
+        "go.testFlags": [
+            "-v",
+            // "-race"
+        ],
+        "go.testTimeout": "10s",
+        "go.coverOnSingleTest": true,
+        "go.coverOnSingleTestFile": true,
+        "go.coverOnTestPackage": true
+    }
 }
--- a/.devcontainer/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/.devcontainer/docker-compose.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+version: "3.7"
+
+services:
+  vscode:
+    build: .
+    image: godevcontainer
+    volumes:
+      - ../:/workspace
+      # Docker socket to access Docker server
+      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
+      # SSH directory
+      - ~/.ssh:/home/vscode/.ssh
+      - ~/.ssh:/root/.ssh
+      # Git config
+      - ~/.gitconfig:/home/districter/.gitconfig
+      - ~/.gitconfig:/root/.gitconfig
+    environment:
+      - TZ=
+    cap_add:
+      # For debugging with dlv
+      - SYS_PTRACE
+    security_opt:
+      # For debugging with dlv
+      - seccomp:unconfined
+    entrypoint: zsh -c "while sleep 1000; do :; done"
--- a/.dockerignore
+++ b/.dockerignore
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 .devcontainer
 .git
 .github
+.vscode
+cmd
+!cmd/gluetun
 doc
 docker-compose.yml
-Dockerfile
 LICENSE
 README.md
 title.svg
--- a/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -7,12 +7,23 @@ Contributions are [released](https://help.github.com/articles/github-terms-of-se
 1. [Fork](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/fork) and clone the repository
 1. Create a new branch `git checkout -b my-branch-name`
 1. Modify the code
-1. Ensure the docker build succeeds `docker build .` (you might need `export DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1`)
+1. Ensure the docker build succeeds `docker build .`
 1. Commit your modifications
 1. Push to your fork and [submit a pull request](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/compare)

 ## Resources

- [Gluetun guide on development](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/contributing/development.md)
 - [Using Pull Requests](https://help.github.com/articles/about-pull-requests/)
 - [How to Contribute to Open Source](https://opensource.guide/how-to-contribute/)
+
+## Contributors
+
+Thanks for all the contributions, whether small or not so small!
+
+- [@JeordyR](https://github.com/JeordyR) for testing the Mullvad version and opening a [PR with a few fixes](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pull/84/files) 👍
+- [@rorph](https://github.com/rorph) for a [PR to pick a random region for PIA](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pull/70) and a [PR to make the container work with kubernetes](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pull/69)
+- [@JesterEE](https://github.com/JesterEE) for a [PR to fix silly line endings in block lists back then](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pull/55) 📎
+- [@elmerfdz](https://github.com/elmerfdz) for a [PR to add timezone information to have correct log timestampts](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pull/51) 🕙
+- [@Juggels](https://github.com/Juggels) for a [PR to write the PIA forwarded port to a file](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pull/43)
+- [@gdlx](https://github.com/gdlx) for a [PR to fix and improve PIA port forwarding script](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pull/32)
+- [@janaz](https://github.com/janaz) for keeping an eye on [updating things in the Dockerfile](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pull/8)
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.md
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+name: Bug
+about: Report a bug
+title: 'Bug: FILL THIS TEXT!'
+labels: ":bug: bug"
+assignees: qdm12
+
+---
+
+**Host OS** (approximate answer is fine too): Ubuntu 18
+
+**Is this urgent?**: No
+
+**What VPN provider are you using**:
+
+**What are you using to run your container?**: Docker Compose
+
+**What is the version of the program** (See the line at the top of your logs)
+
+```
+Running version latest built on 2020-03-13T01:30:06Z (commit d0f678c)
+```
+
+**What's the problem** 🤔
+
+That feature doesn't work
+
+**Share your logs...**
+
+...*careful to remove i.e. token information with PIA port forwarding*
+
+```log
+
+PASTE YOUR LOGS
+IN THERE
+
+```
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-name: Bug
-description: Report a bug
-title: "Bug: "
-labels: [":bug: bug"]
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
-
-        ⚠️ Your issue will be instantly closed as not planned WITHOUT explanation if:
-        - you do not fill out **the title of the issue** ☝️
-        - you do not provide the **Gluetun version** as requested below
-        - you provide **less than 10 lines of logs** as requested below
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: urgent
-    attributes:
-      label: Is this urgent?
-      description: |
-        Is this a critical bug, or do you need this fixed urgently?
-        If this is urgent, note you can use one of the [image tags available](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/docker-image-tags.md) if that can help.
-      options:
-        - "No"
-        - "Yes"
-  - type: input
-    id: host-os
-    attributes:
-      label: Host OS
-      description: What is your host OS?
-      placeholder: "Debian Buster"
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: cpu-arch
-    attributes:
-      label: CPU arch
-      description: You can find it on Linux with `uname -m`.
-      options:
-        - x86_64
-        - aarch64
-        - armv7l
-        - "386"
-        - s390x
-        - ppc64le
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: vpn-service-provider
-    attributes:
-      label: VPN service provider
-      options:
-        - AirVPN
-        - Custom
-        - Cyberghost
-        - ExpressVPN
-        - FastestVPN
-        - Giganews
-        - HideMyAss
-        - IPVanish
-        - IVPN
-        - Mullvad
-        - NordVPN
-        - Privado
-        - Private Internet Access
-        - PrivateVPN
-        - ProtonVPN
-        - PureVPN
-        - SlickVPN
-        - Surfshark
-        - TorGuard
-        - VPNSecure.me
-        - VPNUnlimited
-        - VyprVPN
-        - WeVPN
-        - Windscribe
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: docker
-    attributes:
-      label: What are you using to run the container
-      options:
-        - docker run
-        - docker-compose
-        - Portainer
-        - Kubernetes
-        - Podman
-        - Unraid
-        - Other
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: input
-    id: version
-    attributes:
-      label: What is the version of Gluetun
-      description: |
-        Copy paste the version line at the top of your logs.
-        It MUST be in the form `Running version latest built on 2020-03-13T01:30:06Z (commit d0f678c)`.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: problem
-    attributes:
-      label: "What's the problem 🤔"
-      placeholder: "That feature does not work..."
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: logs
-    attributes:
-      label: Share your logs (at least 10 lines)
-      description: No sensitive information is logged out except when running with `LOG_LEVEL=debug`.
-      render: plain text
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: config
-    attributes:
-      label: Share your configuration
-      description: Share your configuration such as `docker-compose.yml`. Ensure to remove credentials.
-      render: yml
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-blank_issues_enabled: false
-contact_links:
-  - name: Report a Wiki issue
-    url: https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/issues/new/choose
-    about: Please create an issue on the gluetun-wiki repository.
-  - name: Configuration help?
-    url: https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/discussions/new/choose
-    about: Please create a Github discussion.
-  - name: Unraid template issue
-    url: https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/discussions/550
-    about: Please read the relevant Github discussion.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+name: Feature request
+about: Suggest a feature to add to this project
+title: 'Feature request: FILL THIS TEXT!'
+labels: ":bulb: feature request"
+assignees: qdm12
+
+---
+
+**What's the feature?** 🧐
+
+- Support this new feature because that and that
+
+**Optional extra information** 🚀
+
+- I tried `docker run something` and it doesn't work
+- That [url](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun) is interesting
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-name: Feature request
-description: Suggest a feature to add to Gluetun
-title: "Feature request: "
-labels: [":bulb: feature request"]
-body:
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: "What's the feature 🧐"
-      placeholder: "Make the tunnel resistant to earth quakes"
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: extra
-    attributes:
-      label: "Extra information and references"
-      placeholder: |
-        - I tried `docker run something` and it doesn't work
-        - That [url](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun) is interesting
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/help.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/help.md
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+name: Help
+about: Ask for help
+title: 'Help: FILL THIS TEXT!'
+labels: ":pray: help wanted"
+assignees:
+
+---
+
+**Host OS** (approximate answer is fine too): Ubuntu 18
+
+**Is this urgent?**: No
+
+**What VPN provider are you using**:
+
+**What is the version of the program** (See the line at the top of your logs)
+
+```
+Running version latest built on 2020-03-13T01:30:06Z (commit d0f678c)
+```
+
+**What's the problem** 🤔
+
+That feature doesn't work
+
+**Share your logs...**
+
+...*careful to remove i.e. token information with PIA port forwarding*
+
+```log
+
+PASTE YOUR LOGS
+IN THERE
+
+```
+
+**What are you using to run your container?**: Docker Compose
+
+Please also share your configuration file:
+
+```yml
+your .yml
+content
+in here
+```
+
+or
+
+```sh
+# your docker
+# run command
+# in here
+```
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/provider.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/provider.md
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Support a VPN provider
-about: Suggest a VPN provider to be supported
-title: 'VPN provider support: NAME OF THE PROVIDER'
-labels: ":bulb: New provider"
-
---
-
-Important notes:
-
- There is no need to support both OpenVPN and Wireguard for a provider, but it's better to support both if possible
- We do **not** implement authentication to access servers information behind a login. This is way too time consuming unfortunately
- If it's not possible to support a provider natively, you can still use the [the custom provider](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/providers/custom.md)
-
-## For Wireguard
-
-Wireguard can be natively supported ONLY if:
-
- the `PrivateKey` field value is the same across all servers for one user account
- the `Address` field value is:
-  - can be found in a structured (JSON etc.) list of servers publicly available; OR
-  - the same across all servers for one user account
- the `PublicKey` field value is:
-  - can be found in a structured (JSON etc.) list of servers publicly available; OR
-  - the same across all servers for one user account
- the `Endpoint` field value:
-  - can be found in a structured (JSON etc.) list of servers publicly available
-  - can be determined using a pattern, for example using country codes in hostnames
-
-If any of these conditions are not met, Wireguard cannot be natively supported or there is no advantage compared to using a custom Wireguard configuration file.
-
-If **all** of these conditions are met, please provide an answer for each of them.
-
-## For OpenVPN
-
-OpenVPN can be natively supported ONLY if one of the following can be provided, by preference in this order:
-
- Publicly accessible URL to a structured (JSON etc.) list of servers **and attach** an example Openvpn configuration file for both TCP and UDP; OR
- Publicly accessible URL to a zip file containing the Openvpn configuration files; OR
- Publicly accessible URL to the list of servers **and attach** an example Openvpn configuration file for both TCP and UDP
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-version: 2
-updates:
-  # Maintain dependencies for GitHub Actions
-  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
-    directory: "/"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
-  - package-ecosystem: docker
-    directory: /
-    schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
-  - package-ecosystem: gomod
-    directory: /
-    schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
--- a/.github/labels.yml
+++ b/.github/labels.yml
@@ -1,152 +1,67 @@
- name: "Status: 🗯️ Waiting for feedback"
-  color: "f7d692"
- name: "Status: 🔴 Blocked"
-  color: "f7d692"
-  description: "Blocked by another issue or pull request"
- name: "Status: 📌 Before next release"
-  color: "f7d692"
-  description: "Has to be done before the next release"
- name: "Status: 🔒 After next release"
-  color: "f7d692"
-  description: "Will be done after the next release"
- name: "Status: 🟡 Nearly resolved"
-  color: "f7d692"
-  description: "This might be resolved or is about to be resolved"
-
- name: "Closed: ⚰️ Inactive"
-  color: "959a9c"
-  description: "No answer was received for weeks"
- name: "Closed: 👥 Duplicate"
-  color: "959a9c"
-  description: "Issue duplicates an existing issue"
- name: "Closed: 🗑️ Bad issue"
-  color: "959a9c"
- name: "Closed: ☠️ cannot be done"
-  color: "959a9c"
-
- name: "Priority: 🚨 Urgent"
-  color: "03adfc"
- name: "Priority: 💤 Low priority"
-  color: "03adfc"
-
- name: "Complexity: ☣️ Hard to do"
-  color: "ff9efc"
- name: "Complexity: 🟩 Easy to do"
-  color: "ff9efc"
-
- name: "Popularity: ❤️‍🔥 extreme"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Popularity: ❤️ high"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
+- name: "Bug :bug:"
+  color: "b60205"
+  description: ""
+- name: "Feature request :bulb:"
+  color: "0e8a16"
+  description: ""
+- name: "Help wanted :pray:"
+  color: "4caf50"
+  description: ""
+- name: "Documentation :memo:"
+  color: "c5def5"
+  description: ""
+- name: "Needs more info :thinking:"
+  color: "795548"
+  description: ""

 # VPN providers
- name: "☁️ AirVPN"
+- name: ":cloud: Cyberghost"
  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ Custom"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":cloud: Mullvad"
  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ Cyberghost"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":cloud: NordVPN"
  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ Giganews"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":cloud: PIA"
  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ HideMyAss"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":cloud: Privado"
  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ IPVanish"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":cloud: PureVPN"
  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ IVPN"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":cloud: Surfshark"
  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ ExpressVPN"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":cloud: Vyprvpn"
  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ FastestVPN"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ Mullvad"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ NordVPN"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ Perfect Privacy"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ PIA"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ Privado"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ PrivateVPN"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ ProtonVPN"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ PureVPN"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ SlickVPN"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ Surfshark"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ Torguard"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ VPNSecure.me"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ VPNUnlimited"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ Vyprvpn"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ WeVPN"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ Windscribe"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":cloud: Windscribe"
  color: "cfe8d4"
+  description: ""

- name: "Category: User error 🤦"
-  from_name: "Category: Config problem 📝"
+# Problem category
+- name: "Openvpn"
  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: Healthcheck 🩺"
+  description: ""
+- name: "Unbound (DNS over TLS)"
  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: Documentation ✒️"
-  description: "A problem with the readme or a code comment."
+  description: ""
+- name: "Firewall"
  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: Maintenance ⛓️"
-  description: "Anything related to code or other maintenance"
+  description: ""
+- name: "HTTP proxy"
  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: Logs 📚"
-  description: "Something to change in logs"
+  description: ""
+- name: "Shadowsocks"
  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: Good idea 🎯"
-  description: "This is a good idea, judged by the maintainers"
+  description: ""
+- name: "Healthcheck server"
  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: Motivated! 🙌"
-  description: "Your pumpness makes me pumped! The issue or PR shows great motivation!"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: Foolproof settings 👼"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: Label missing ❗"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: updater ♻️"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
-  description: "Concerns the code to update servers data"
- name: "Category: New provider 🆕"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: OpenVPN 🔐"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: Wireguard 🔐"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: DNS 📠"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: Firewall ⛓️"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: Routing 🛤️"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: IPv6 🛰️"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: VPN port forwarding 📥"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: HTTP proxy 🔁"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: Shadowsocks 🔁"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: control server ⚙️"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: kernel 🧠"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: public IP service 💬"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: servers storage 📦"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: Performance 🚀"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: Investigation 🔍"
+  description: ""
+- name: "Control server"
  color: "ffc7ea"
+  description: ""
--- a/.github/pull_request_template.md
+++ b/.github/pull_request_template.md
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# Description
-
-<!-- Please describe the reason for the changes being proposed. -->
-
-# Issue
-
-<!-- Please link to the issue(s) this change relates to. -->
-
-# Assertions
-
-* [ ] I am aware that we do not accept manual changes to the servers.json file <!-- If this is your goal, please consult https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/servers.md#update-using-the-command-line -->
-* [ ] I am aware that any changes to settings should be reflected in the [wiki](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/)
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: Docker build
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [master]
+    paths:
+      - .github/workflows/build.yml
+      - cmd/**
+      - internal/**
+      - .dockerignore
+      - .golangci.yml
+      - Dockerfile
+      - go.mod
+      - go.sum
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Build image
+        run: docker build .
--- a/.github/workflows/buildx-branch.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/buildx-branch.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+name: Buildx branch
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "*"
+      - "*/*"
+      - "!master"
+    paths:
+      - .github/workflows/buildx-branch.yml
+      - cmd/**
+      - internal/**
+      - .dockerignore
+      - .golangci.yml
+      - Dockerfile
+      - go.mod
+      - go.sum
+jobs:
+  buildx:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Buildx setup
+        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-docker-buildx@v3
+      - name: Dockerhub login
+        run: echo ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }} | docker login -u qmcgaw --password-stdin 2>&1
+      - name: Run Buildx
+        run: |
+          docker buildx build \
+            --progress plain \
+            --platform=linux/amd64 \
+            --build-arg BUILD_DATE=`date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"` \
+            --build-arg COMMIT=`git rev-parse --short HEAD` \
+            --build-arg VERSION=${GITHUB_REF##*/} \
+            -t qmcgaw/private-internet-access:${GITHUB_REF##*/} \
+            -t qmcgaw/gluetun:${GITHUB_REF##*/} \
+            --push \
+            .
+      - run: curl -X POST https://hooks.microbadger.com/images/qmcgaw/private-internet-access/tQFy7AxtSUNANPe6aoVChYdsI_I=
+        continue-on-error: true
--- a/.github/workflows/buildx-latest.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/buildx-latest.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+name: Buildx latest
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+    paths:
+      - .github/workflows/buildx-latest.yml
+      - cmd/**
+      - internal/**
+      - .dockerignore
+      - .golangci.yml
+      - Dockerfile
+      - go.mod
+      - go.sum
+jobs:
+  buildx:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Buildx setup
+        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-docker-buildx@v3
+      - name: Dockerhub login
+        run: echo ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }} | docker login -u qmcgaw --password-stdin 2>&1
+      - name: Run Buildx
+        run: |
+          docker buildx build \
+            --progress plain \
+            --platform=linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm/v6 \
+            --build-arg BUILD_DATE=`date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"` \
+            --build-arg COMMIT=`git rev-parse --short HEAD` \
+            --build-arg VERSION=latest \
+            -t qmcgaw/private-internet-access:latest \
+            -t qmcgaw/gluetun:latest \
+            --push \
+            .
+      - run: curl -X POST https://hooks.microbadger.com/images/qmcgaw/private-internet-access/tQFy7AxtSUNANPe6aoVChYdsI_I=
+        continue-on-error: true
--- a/.github/workflows/buildx-release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/buildx-release.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+name: Buildx release
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [published]
+    paths:
+      - .github/workflows/buildx-release.yml
+      - cmd/**
+      - internal/**
+      - .dockerignore
+      - .golangci.yml
+      - Dockerfile
+      - go.mod
+      - go.sum
+jobs:
+  buildx:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Buildx setup
+        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-docker-buildx@v3
+      - name: Dockerhub login
+        run: echo ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }} | docker login -u qmcgaw --password-stdin 2>&1
+      - name: Run Buildx
+        run: |
+          docker buildx build \
+            --progress plain \
+            --platform=linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm/v6 \
+            --build-arg BUILD_DATE=`date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"` \
+            --build-arg COMMIT=`git rev-parse --short HEAD` \
+            --build-arg VERSION=${GITHUB_REF##*/} \
+            -t qmcgaw/private-internet-access:${GITHUB_REF##*/} \
+            -t qmcgaw/gluetun:${GITHUB_REF##*/} \
+            --push \
+            .
+      - run: curl -X POST https://hooks.microbadger.com/images/qmcgaw/private-internet-access/tQFy7AxtSUNANPe6aoVChYdsI_I=
+        continue-on-error: true
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-skip.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-skip.yml
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-name: No trigger file paths
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths-ignore:
-      - .github/workflows/ci.yml
-      - cmd/**
-      - internal/**
-      - pkg/**
-      - .dockerignore
-      - .golangci.yml
-      - Dockerfile
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-  pull_request:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - .github/workflows/ci.yml
-      - cmd/**
-      - internal/**
-      - pkg/**
-      - .dockerignore
-      - .golangci.yml
-      - Dockerfile
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-
-jobs:
-  verify:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      actions: read
-    steps:
-      - name: No trigger path triggered for required verify workflow.
-        run: exit 0
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -1,180 +0,0 @@
-name: CI
-on:
-  release:
-    types:
-      - published
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths:
-      - .github/workflows/ci.yml
-      - cmd/**
-      - internal/**
-      - pkg/**
-      - .dockerignore
-      - .golangci.yml
-      - Dockerfile
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-  pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - .github/workflows/ci.yml
-      - cmd/**
-      - internal/**
-      - pkg/**
-      - .dockerignore
-      - .golangci.yml
-      - Dockerfile
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-
-jobs:
-  verify:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      actions: read
-      contents: read
-    env:
-      DOCKER_BUILDKIT: "1"
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-
-      - uses: reviewdog/action-misspell@v1
-        with:
-          locale: "US"
-          level: error
-          exclude: |
-            ./internal/storage/servers.json
-            *.md
-
-      - name: Linting
-        run: docker build --target lint .
-
-      - name: Mocks check
-        run: docker build --target mocks .
-
-      - name: Build test image
-        run: docker build --target test -t test-container .
-
-      - name: Run tests in test container
-        run: |
-          touch coverage.txt
-          docker run --rm --device /dev/net/tun \
-          -v "$(pwd)/coverage.txt:/tmp/gobuild/coverage.txt" \
-          test-container
-
-      - name: Build final image
-        run: docker build -t final-image .
-
-  verify-private:
-    if: |
-      github.repository == 'qdm12/gluetun' &&
-      (
-        github.event_name == 'push' ||
-        github.event_name == 'release' ||
-        (github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]')
-      )
-    needs: [verify]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    environment: secrets
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-
-      - run: docker build -t qmcgaw/gluetun .
-
-      - name: Setup Go for CI utility
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
-        with:
-          go-version-file: ci/go.mod
-
-      - name: Build utility
-        run: go build -C ./ci -o runner ./cmd/main.go
-
-      - name: Run Gluetun container with Mullvad configuration
-        run: echo -e "${{ secrets.MULLVAD_WIREGUARD_PRIVATE_KEY }}\n${{ secrets.MULLVAD_WIREGUARD_ADDRESS }}" | ./ci/runner mullvad
-
-      - name: Run Gluetun container with ProtonVPN configuration
-        run: echo -e "${{ secrets.PROTONVPN_WIREGUARD_PRIVATE_KEY }}" | ./ci/runner protonvpn
-
-  codeql:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      actions: read
-      contents: read
-      security-events: write
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
-        with:
-          go-version-file: go.mod
-      - uses: github/codeql-action/init@v4
-        with:
-          languages: go
-      - uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v4
-      - uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v4
-
-  publish:
-    if: |
-      github.repository == 'qdm12/gluetun' &&
-      (
-        github.event_name == 'push' ||
-        github.event_name == 'release' ||
-        (github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]')
-      )
-    needs: [verify, verify-private, codeql]
-    permissions:
-      actions: read
-      contents: read
-      packages: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-
-      # extract metadata (tags, labels) for Docker
-      # https://github.com/docker/metadata-action
-      - name: Extract Docker metadata
-        id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
-        with:
-          flavor: |
-            latest=${{ github.ref == format('refs/heads/{0}', github.event.repository.default_branch) }}
-          images: |
-            ghcr.io/qdm12/gluetun
-            qmcgaw/gluetun
-            qmcgaw/private-internet-access
-          tags: |
-            type=ref,event=pr
-            type=semver,pattern=v{{major}}.{{minor}}.{{patch}}
-            type=semver,pattern=v{{major}}.{{minor}}
-            type=semver,pattern=v{{major}},enable=${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v0.') }}
-            type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ github.ref == format('refs/heads/{0}', github.event.repository.default_branch) }}
-
-      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-
-      - uses: docker/login-action@v3
-        with:
-          username: qmcgaw
-          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }}
-
-      - uses: docker/login-action@v3
-        with:
-          registry: ghcr.io
-          username: qdm12
-          password: ${{ github.token }}
-
-      - name: Short commit
-        id: shortcommit
-        run: echo "::set-output name=value::$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
-
-      - name: Build and push final image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
-        with:
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v6,linux/arm/v7,linux/ppc64le
-          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
-          build-args: |
-            CREATED=${{ fromJSON(steps.meta.outputs.json).labels['org.opencontainers.image.created'] }}
-            COMMIT=${{ steps.shortcommit.outputs.value }}
-            VERSION=${{ fromJSON(steps.meta.outputs.json).labels['org.opencontainers.image.version'] }}
-          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
-          push: true
--- a/.github/workflows/closed-issue.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/closed-issue.yml
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-name: Closed issue
-on:
-  issues:
-    types: [closed]
-
-jobs:
-  comment:
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v5
-        with:
-          token: ${{ github.token }}
-          issue-number: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          body: |
-            Closed issues are **NOT** monitored, so commenting here is likely to be not seen.
-            If you think this is *still unresolved* and have **more information** to bring, please create another issue.
-
-            This is an automated comment setup because @qdm12 is the sole maintainer of this project
-            which became too popular to monitor issues closed.
--- a/.github/workflows/configs/mlc-config.json
+++ b/.github/workflows/configs/mlc-config.json
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "ignorePatterns": [
-    {
-      "pattern": "^https://console.substack.com/p/console-72$"
-    }
-  ],
-  "timeout": "20s",
-  "retryOn429": false,
-  "fallbackRetryDelay": "30s",
-  "aliveStatusCodes": [
-    200,
-    429
-  ]
-}
--- a/.github/workflows/dockerhub-description.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/dockerhub-description.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: Docker Hub description
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+    paths:
+      - README.md
+      - .github/workflows/dockerhub-description.yml
+jobs:
+  dockerHubDescription:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Docker Hub Description
+        uses: peter-evans/dockerhub-description@v2.4.1
+        with:
+          username: qmcgaw
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }}
+          repository: qmcgaw/gluetun
+          short-description: Lightweight Swiss-knife VPN client to connect to several VPN providers
+          readme-filepath: README.md
--- a/.github/workflows/labels.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/labels.yml
@@ -7,11 +7,12 @@ on:
      - .github/workflows/labels.yml
 jobs:
  labeler:
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-      - uses: crazy-max/ghaction-github-labeler@v5
-        with:
-          yaml-file: .github/labels.yml
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Labeler
+        if: success()
+        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-github-labeler@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
--- a/.github/workflows/markdown-skip.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/markdown-skip.yml
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-name: Markdown
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths-ignore:
-      - "**.md"
-      - .github/workflows/markdown.yml
-  pull_request:
-    paths-ignore:
-      - "**.md"
-      - .github/workflows/markdown.yml
-
-jobs:
-  markdown:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      actions: read
-    steps:
-      - name: No trigger path triggered for required markdown workflow.
-        run: exit 0
--- a/.github/workflows/markdown.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/markdown.yml
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-name: Markdown
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths:
-      - "**.md"
-      - .github/workflows/markdown.yml
-  pull_request:
-    paths:
-      - "**.md"
-      - .github/workflows/markdown.yml
-
-jobs:
-  markdown:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      actions: read
-      contents: read
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-
-      - uses: DavidAnson/markdownlint-cli2-action@v21
-        with:
-          globs: "**.md"
-          config: .markdownlint-cli2.jsonc
-
-      - uses: reviewdog/action-misspell@v1
-        with:
-          locale: "US"
-          level: error
-          pattern: |
-            *.md
-
-      - uses: gaurav-nelson/github-action-markdown-link-check@v1
-        with:
-          use-quiet-mode: yes
-          config-file: .github/workflows/configs/mlc-config.json
-
-      - uses: peter-evans/dockerhub-description@v4
-        if: github.repository == 'qdm12/gluetun' && github.event_name == 'push'
-        with:
-          username: qmcgaw
-          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }}
-          repository: qmcgaw/gluetun
-          short-description: Lightweight Swiss-knife VPN client to connect to several VPN providers
-          readme-filepath: README.md
--- a/.github/workflows/misspell.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/misspell.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+name: Misspells
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [master]
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+jobs:
+  misspell:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: reviewdog/action-misspell@master
+        with:
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          locale: "US"
+          level: error
--- a/.github/workflows/opened-issue.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/opened-issue.yml
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-name: Opened issue
-on:
-  issues:
-    types: [opened]
-
-jobs:
-  comment:
-    permissions:
-      issues: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v5
-        with:
-          token: ${{ github.token }}
-          issue-number: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
-          body: |
-            @qdm12 is more or less the only maintainer of this project and works on it in his free time.
-            Please:
-            - **do not** ask for updates, be patient
-            - :+1: the issue to show your support instead of commenting
-            @qdm12 usually checks issues at least once a week, if this is a new urgent bug,
-            [revert to an older tagged container image](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/docker-image-tags.md)
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-scratch.txt
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -1,94 +1,31 @@
-version: "2"
-
-formatters:
-  enable:
-    - gci
-    - gofumpt
-    - goimports
-  exclusions:
-    generated: lax
-    paths:
-      - third_party$
-      - builtin$
-      - examples$
+linters-settings:
+  maligned:
+    suggest-new: true
+  misspell:
+    locale: US

+issues:
+  exclude-rules:
+    - path: _test\.go
+      linters:
+        - dupl
+        - maligned
+    - path: internal/unix/constants\.go
+      linters:
+        - golint
+      text: don't use ALL_CAPS in Go names; use CamelCase
 linters:
-  settings:
-    misspell:
-      locale: US
-    goconst:
-      ignore-string-values:
-        # commonly used settings strings
-        - "^disabled$"
-        # Firewall and routing strings
-        - "^(ACCEPT|DROP)$"
-        - "^--delete$"
-        - "^all$"
-        - "^(tcp|udp)$"
-        # Server route strings
-        - "^/status$"
-
-  exclusions:
-    generated: lax
-    presets:
-      - comments
-      - common-false-positives
-      - legacy
-      - std-error-handling
-    rules:
-      - linters:
-          - containedctx
-          - dupl
-          - err113
-          - maintidx
-        path: _test\.go
-      - linters:
-          - dupl
-        path: internal\/server\/.+\.go
-      - linters:
-          - ireturn
-        text: returns interface \(github\.com\/vishvananda\/netlink\.Link\)
-      - linters:
-          - ireturn
-        path: internal\/openvpn\/pkcs8\/descbc\.go
-        text: newCipherDESCBCBlock returns interface \(github\.com\/youmark\/pkcs8\.Cipher\)
-      - linters:
-          - revive
-        path: internal\/provider\/(common|utils)\/.+\.go
-        text: "var-naming: avoid (bad|meaningless) package names"
-      - linters:
-          - lll
-        source: "^// https://.+$"
-      - linters:
-          - err113
-          - mnd
-        path: ci\/.+\.go
-
-    paths:
-      - third_party$
-      - builtin$
-      - examples$
+  disable-all: true
  enable:
-    # - cyclop
-    # - errorlint
-    - asasalint
    - asciicheck
-    - bidichk
    - bodyclose
-    - containedctx
-    - copyloopvar
-    - decorder
+    - deadcode
    - dogsled
    - dupl
-    - dupword
-    - durationcheck
-    - err113
-    - errchkjson
-    - errname
+    - errcheck
    - exhaustive
-    - fatcontext
-    - forcetypeassert
-    - gocheckcompilerdirectives
+    - exportloopref
+    - gci
    - gochecknoglobals
    - gochecknoinits
    - gocognit
@@ -97,43 +34,37 @@ linters:
    - gocyclo
    - godot
    - goheader
-    - gomoddirectives
+    - goimports
+    - golint
+    - gomnd
    - goprintffuncname
    - gosec
-    - gosmopolitan
-    - grouper
-    - importas
-    - interfacebloat
-    - intrange
-    - ireturn
+    - gosimple
+    - govet
+    - ineffassign
+    - interfacer
    - lll
-    - maintidx
-    - makezero
-    - mirror
+    - maligned
    - misspell
-    - mnd
-    - musttag
    - nakedret
    - nestif
-    - nilerr
-    - nilnil
    - noctx
    - nolintlint
-    - nosprintfhostport
-    - paralleltest
    - prealloc
-    - predeclared
-    - promlinter
-    - reassign
-    - revive
    - rowserrcheck
+    - scopelint
    - sqlclosecheck
-    - tagalign
-    - thelper
-    - tparallel
+    - staticcheck
+    - structcheck
+    - typecheck
    - unconvert
    - unparam
-    - usestdlibvars
-    - wastedassign
+    - unused
+    - varcheck
    - whitespace
-    - zerologlint
+
+run:
+  skip-dirs:
+    - .devcontainer
+    - .github
+    - doc
--- a/.markdownlint-cli2.jsonc
+++ b/.markdownlint-cli2.jsonc
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "config": {
-    "default": true,
-    "MD013": false,
-  },
-  "ignores": [
-    ".github/pull_request_template.md"
-  ]
-}
--- a/.vscode/extensions.json
+++ b/.vscode/extensions.json
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 {
-  // This list should be kept to the strict minimum
-  // to develop this project.
-  "recommendations": [
-    "golang.go",
-    "davidanson.vscode-markdownlint",
-  ],
+    "recommendations": [
+        "shardulm94.trailing-spaces",
+        "ms-azuretools.vscode-docker",
+        "davidanson.vscode-markdownlint",
+        "IBM.output-colorizer",
+        "golang.go"
+    ]
 }
--- a/.vscode/settings.json
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -1,29 +1,91 @@
 {
-  // The settings should be kept to the strict minimum
-  // to develop this project.
-  "files.eol": "\n",
-  "editor.formatOnSave": true,
-  "go.buildTags": "linux",
-  "go.toolsEnvVars": {
-    "CGO_ENABLED": "0"
-  },
-  "go.testEnvVars": {
-    "CGO_ENABLED": "1"
-  },
-  "go.testFlags": [
-    "-v",
-    "-race"
-  ],
-  "go.testTimeout": "10s",
-  "go.coverOnSingleTest": true,
-  "go.coverOnSingleTestFile": true,
-  "go.coverOnTestPackage": true,
-  "go.useLanguageServer": true,
-  "[go]": {
-    "editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
-      "source.organizeImports": "explicit"
-    }
-  },
-  "go.lintTool": "golangci-lint",
-  "go.lintOnSave": "package"
+    // General settings
+    "files.eol": "\n",
+    // Docker
+    "remote.extensionKind": {
+        "ms-azuretools.vscode-docker": "workspace"
+    },
+    // Golang general settings
+    "go.useLanguageServer": true,
+    "go.autocompleteUnimportedPackages": true,
+    "go.gotoSymbol.includeImports": true,
+    "go.gotoSymbol.includeGoroot": true,
+    "gopls": {
+        "completeUnimported": true,
+        "deepCompletion": true,
+        "usePlaceholders": false
+    },
+    "go.lintTool": "golangci-lint",
+    "go.lintFlags": [
+        "--fast",
+        "--enable",
+        "rowserrcheck",
+        "--enable",
+        "bodyclose",
+        "--enable",
+        "dogsled",
+        "--enable",
+        "dupl",
+        "--enable",
+        "gochecknoglobals",
+        "--enable",
+        "gochecknoinits",
+        "--enable",
+        "gocognit",
+        "--enable",
+        "goconst",
+        "--enable",
+        "gocritic",
+        "--enable",
+        "gocyclo",
+        "--enable",
+        "goimports",
+        "--enable",
+        "golint",
+        "--enable",
+        "gosec",
+        "--enable",
+        "interfacer",
+        "--enable",
+        "maligned",
+        "--enable",
+        "misspell",
+        "--enable",
+        "nakedret",
+        "--enable",
+        "prealloc",
+        "--enable",
+        "scopelint",
+        "--enable",
+        "unconvert",
+        "--enable",
+        "unparam",
+        "--enable",
+        "whitespace"
+    ],
+    // Golang on save
+    "go.buildOnSave": "workspace",
+    "go.lintOnSave": "workspace",
+    "go.vetOnSave": "workspace",
+    "editor.formatOnSave": true,
+    "[go]": {
+        "editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
+            "source.organizeImports": true
+        }
+    },
+    // Golang testing
+    "go.toolsEnvVars": {
+        "GOFLAGS": "-tags="
+    },
+    "gopls.env": {
+        "GOFLAGS": "-tags="
+    },
+    "go.testEnvVars": {},
+    "go.testFlags": [
+        "-v",
+        // "-race"
+    ],
+    "go.testTimeout": "600s",
+    "go.coverOnSingleTestFile": true,
+    "go.coverOnSingleTest": true
 }
--- a/.vscode/tasks.json
+++ b/.vscode/tasks.json
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "version": "2.0.0",
-    "tasks": [
-        {
-            "label": "Update a VPN provider servers data",
-            "type": "shell",
-            "command": "go",
-            "args": [
-                "run",
-                "./cmd/gluetun/main.go",
-                "update",
-                "${input:updateMode}",
-                "-providers",
-                "${input:provider}"
-            ],
-        },
-        {
-            "label": "Add a Gluetun Github Git remote",
-            "type": "shell",
-            "command": "git",
-            "args": [
-                "remote",
-                "add",
-                "${input:githubRemoteUsername}",
-                "git@github.com:${input:githubRemoteUsername}/gluetun.git"
-            ],
-        }
-    ],
-    "inputs": [
-        {
-            "id": "provider",
-            "type": "promptString",
-            "description": "Please enter a provider (or comma separated list of providers)",
-        },
-        {
-            "id": "updateMode",
-            "type": "pickString",
-            "description": "Update mode to use",
-            "options": [
-                "-maintainer",
-                "-enduser"
-            ],
-            "default": "-maintainer"
-        },
-        {
-            "id": "githubRemoteUsername",
-            "type": "promptString",
-            "description": "Please enter a Github username",
-        },
-    ]
-}
--- a/276
+++ b/276
@@ -1,71 +1,35 @@
-ARG ALPINE_VERSION=3.22
-ARG GO_ALPINE_VERSION=3.22
-ARG GO_VERSION=1.25
-ARG XCPUTRANSLATE_VERSION=v0.9.0
-ARG GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION=v2.4.0
-ARG MOCKGEN_VERSION=v1.6.0
-ARG BUILDPLATFORM=linux/amd64
+ARG ALPINE_VERSION=3.12
+ARG GO_VERSION=1.15

-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} ghcr.io/qdm12/xcputranslate:${XCPUTRANSLATE_VERSION} AS xcputranslate
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} ghcr.io/qdm12/binpot:golangci-lint-${GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION} AS golangci-lint
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} ghcr.io/qdm12/binpot:mockgen-${MOCKGEN_VERSION} AS mockgen
-
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine${GO_ALPINE_VERSION} AS base
-COPY --from=xcputranslate /xcputranslate /usr/local/bin/xcputranslate
-# Note: findutils needed to have xargs support `-d` flag for mocks stage.
-RUN apk --update add git g++ findutils
+FROM golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine${ALPINE_VERSION} AS builder
+RUN apk --update add git
 ENV CGO_ENABLED=0
-COPY --from=golangci-lint /bin /go/bin/golangci-lint
-COPY --from=mockgen /bin /go/bin/mockgen
+ARG GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION=v1.34.1
+RUN wget -O- -nv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/golangci/golangci-lint/master/install.sh | sh -s ${GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION}
 WORKDIR /tmp/gobuild
+COPY .golangci.yml .
 COPY go.mod go.sum ./
 RUN go mod download
-COPY cmd/ ./cmd/
-COPY internal/ ./internal/
-
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} base AS test
-# Note on the go race detector:
-# - we set CGO_ENABLED=1 to have it enabled
-# - we installed g++ to support the race detector
-ENV CGO_ENABLED=1
-ENTRYPOINT go test -race -coverpkg=./... -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic ./...
-
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} base AS lint
-COPY .golangci.yml ./
-RUN golangci-lint run
-
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} base AS mocks
-RUN git init && \
-    git config user.email ci@localhost && \
-    git config user.name ci && \
-    git config core.fileMode false && \
-    git add -A && \
-    git commit -m "snapshot" && \
-    grep -lr -E '^// Code generated by MockGen\. DO NOT EDIT\.$' . | xargs -r -d '\n' rm && \
-    go generate -run "mockgen" ./... && \
-    git diff --exit-code && \
-    rm -rf .git/
-
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} base AS build
-ARG TARGETPLATFORM
 ARG VERSION=unknown
-ARG CREATED="an unknown date"
+ARG BUILD_DATE="an unknown date"
 ARG COMMIT=unknown
-RUN GOARCH="$(xcputranslate translate -field arch -targetplatform ${TARGETPLATFORM})" \
-    GOARM="$(xcputranslate translate -field arm -targetplatform ${TARGETPLATFORM})" \
-    go build -trimpath -ldflags="-s -w \
+COPY cmd/gluetun/main.go .
+COPY internal/ ./internal/
+RUN go test ./...
+RUN golangci-lint run --timeout=10m
+RUN go build -trimpath -ldflags="-s -w \
    -X 'main.version=$VERSION' \
-    -X 'main.created=$CREATED' \
+    -X 'main.buildDate=$BUILD_DATE' \
    -X 'main.commit=$COMMIT' \
-    " -o entrypoint cmd/gluetun/main.go
+    " -o entrypoint main.go

 FROM alpine:${ALPINE_VERSION}
 ARG VERSION=unknown
-ARG CREATED="an unknown date"
+ARG BUILD_DATE="an unknown date"
 ARG COMMIT=unknown
 LABEL \
    org.opencontainers.image.authors="quentin.mcgaw@gmail.com" \
-    org.opencontainers.image.created=$CREATED \
+    org.opencontainers.image.created=$BUILD_DATE \
    org.opencontainers.image.version=$VERSION \
    org.opencontainers.image.revision=$COMMIT \
    org.opencontainers.image.url="https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun" \
@@ -73,121 +37,73 @@ LABEL \
    org.opencontainers.image.source="https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun" \
    org.opencontainers.image.title="VPN swiss-knife like client for multiple VPN providers" \
    org.opencontainers.image.description="VPN swiss-knife like client to tunnel to multiple VPN servers using OpenVPN, IPtables, DNS over TLS, Shadowsocks, an HTTP proxy and Alpine Linux"
-ENV VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=pia \
-    VPN_TYPE=openvpn \
-    # Common VPN options
-    VPN_INTERFACE=tun0 \
-    # OpenVPN
-    OPENVPN_ENDPOINT_IP= \
-    OPENVPN_ENDPOINT_PORT= \
-    OPENVPN_PROTOCOL=udp \
+ENV VPNSP=pia \
+    VERSION_INFORMATION=on \
+    PROTOCOL=udp \
+    OPENVPN_VERBOSITY=1 \
+    OPENVPN_ROOT=no \
+    OPENVPN_TARGET_IP= \
+    OPENVPN_IPV6=off \
+    TZ= \
+    PUID= \
+    PGID= \
+    PUBLICIP_FILE="/tmp/gluetun/ip" \
+    # PIA, Windscribe, Surfshark, Cyberghost, Vyprvpn, NordVPN, PureVPN only
    OPENVPN_USER= \
    OPENVPN_PASSWORD= \
-    OPENVPN_USER_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_user \
-    OPENVPN_PASSWORD_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_password \
-    OPENVPN_VERSION=2.6 \
-    OPENVPN_VERBOSITY=1 \
-    OPENVPN_FLAGS= \
-    OPENVPN_CIPHERS= \
-    OPENVPN_AUTH= \
-    OPENVPN_PROCESS_USER=root \
-    OPENVPN_MSSFIX= \
-    OPENVPN_CUSTOM_CONFIG= \
-    # Wireguard
-    WIREGUARD_ENDPOINT_IP= \
-    WIREGUARD_ENDPOINT_PORT= \
-    WIREGUARD_CONF_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/wg0.conf \
-    WIREGUARD_PRIVATE_KEY= \
-    WIREGUARD_PRIVATE_KEY_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/wireguard_private_key \
-    WIREGUARD_PRESHARED_KEY= \
-    WIREGUARD_PRESHARED_KEY_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/wireguard_preshared_key \
-    WIREGUARD_PUBLIC_KEY= \
-    WIREGUARD_ALLOWED_IPS= \
-    WIREGUARD_PERSISTENT_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL=0 \
-    WIREGUARD_ADDRESSES= \
-    WIREGUARD_ADDRESSES_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/wireguard_addresses \
-    WIREGUARD_MTU=1320 \
-    WIREGUARD_IMPLEMENTATION=auto \
-    # VPN server filtering
-    SERVER_REGIONS= \
-    SERVER_COUNTRIES= \
-    SERVER_CITIES= \
-    SERVER_HOSTNAMES= \
-    SERVER_CATEGORIES= \
-    # # Mullvad only:
+    USER_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_user \
+    PASSWORD_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_password \
+    REGION= \
+    # PIA only
+    PIA_ENCRYPTION=strong \
+    PORT_FORWARDING=off \
+    PORT_FORWARDING_STATUS_FILE="/tmp/gluetun/forwarded_port" \
+    # Mullvad and PureVPN only
+    COUNTRY= \
+    # Mullvad, PureVPN, Windscribe only
+    CITY= \
+    # Windscribe only
+    SERVER_HOSTNAME= \
+    # Mullvad only
    ISP= \
-    OWNED_ONLY=no \
-    # # Private Internet Access only:
-    PRIVATE_INTERNET_ACCESS_OPENVPN_ENCRYPTION_PRESET= \
-    VPN_PORT_FORWARDING=off \
-    VPN_PORT_FORWARDING_LISTENING_PORT=0 \
-    VPN_PORT_FORWARDING_PROVIDER= \
-    VPN_PORT_FORWARDING_STATUS_FILE="/tmp/gluetun/forwarded_port" \
-    VPN_PORT_FORWARDING_USERNAME= \
-    VPN_PORT_FORWARDING_PASSWORD= \
-    VPN_PORT_FORWARDING_UP_COMMAND= \
-    VPN_PORT_FORWARDING_DOWN_COMMAND= \
-    # # Cyberghost only:
-    OPENVPN_CERT= \
-    OPENVPN_KEY= \
+    OWNED=no \
+    # Mullvad and Windscribe only
+    PORT= \
+    # Cyberghost only
+    CYBERGHOST_GROUP="Premium UDP Europe" \
    OPENVPN_CLIENTCRT_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_clientcrt \
    OPENVPN_CLIENTKEY_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_clientkey \
-    # # VPNSecure only:
-    OPENVPN_ENCRYPTED_KEY= \
-    OPENVPN_ENCRYPTED_KEY_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_encrypted_key \
-    OPENVPN_KEY_PASSPHRASE= \
-    OPENVPN_KEY_PASSPHRASE_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_key_passphrase \
-    # # Nordvpn only:
+    # NordVPN only
    SERVER_NUMBER= \
-    # # PIA only:
-    SERVER_NAMES= \
-    # # VPNUnlimited and ProtonVPN only:
-    STREAM_ONLY= \
-    FREE_ONLY= \
-    # # ProtonVPN only:
-    SECURE_CORE_ONLY= \
-    TOR_ONLY= \
-    # # Surfshark only:
-    MULTIHOP_ONLY= \
-    # # VPN Secure only:
-    PREMIUM_ONLY= \
-    # # PIA and ProtonVPN only:
-    PORT_FORWARD_ONLY= \
+    # Openvpn
+    OPENVPN_CIPHER= \
+    OPENVPN_AUTH= \
+    # DNS over TLS
+    DOT=on \
+    DOT_PROVIDERS=cloudflare \
+    DOT_PRIVATE_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1/8,10.0.0.0/8,172.16.0.0/12,192.168.0.0/16,169.254.0.0/16,::1/128,fc00::/7,fe80::/10,::ffff:0:0/96 \
+    DOT_VERBOSITY=1 \
+    DOT_VERBOSITY_DETAILS=0 \
+    DOT_VALIDATION_LOGLEVEL=0 \
+    DOT_CACHING=on \
+    DOT_IPV6=off \
+    BLOCK_MALICIOUS=on \
+    BLOCK_SURVEILLANCE=off \
+    BLOCK_ADS=off \
+    UNBLOCK= \
+    DNS_UPDATE_PERIOD=24h \
+    DNS_PLAINTEXT_ADDRESS=1.1.1.1 \
+    DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER=off \
    # Firewall
-    FIREWALL_ENABLED_DISABLING_IT_SHOOTS_YOU_IN_YOUR_FOOT=on \
+    FIREWALL=on \
    FIREWALL_VPN_INPUT_PORTS= \
    FIREWALL_INPUT_PORTS= \
    FIREWALL_OUTBOUND_SUBNETS= \
    FIREWALL_DEBUG=off \
-    # Logging
-    LOG_LEVEL=info \
-    # Health
-    HEALTH_SERVER_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1:9999 \
-    HEALTH_TARGET_ADDRESSES=cloudflare.com:443,github.com:443 \
-    HEALTH_ICMP_TARGET_IPS=1.1.1.1,8.8.8.8 \
-    HEALTH_SMALL_CHECK_TYPE=icmp \
-    HEALTH_RESTART_VPN=on \
-    # DNS
-    DNS_SERVER=on \
-    DNS_UPSTREAM_RESOLVER_TYPE=DoT \
-    DNS_UPSTREAM_RESOLVERS=cloudflare \
-    DNS_BLOCK_IPS= \
-    DNS_BLOCK_IP_PREFIXES= \
-    DNS_CACHING=on \
-    DNS_UPSTREAM_IPV6=off \
-    BLOCK_MALICIOUS=on \
-    BLOCK_SURVEILLANCE=off \
-    BLOCK_ADS=off \
-    DNS_UNBLOCK_HOSTNAMES= \
-    DNS_REBINDING_PROTECTION_EXEMPT_HOSTNAMES= \
-    DNS_UPDATE_PERIOD=24h \
-    DNS_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1 \
-    DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER=off \
    # HTTP proxy
    HTTPPROXY= \
    HTTPPROXY_LOG=off \
-    HTTPPROXY_LISTENING_ADDRESS=":8888" \
-    HTTPPROXY_STEALTH=off \
+    HTTPPROXY_PORT=8888 \
    HTTPPROXY_USER= \
    HTTPPROXY_PASSWORD= \
    HTTPPROXY_USER_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/httpproxy_user \
@@ -195,49 +111,19 @@ ENV VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=pia \
    # Shadowsocks
    SHADOWSOCKS=off \
    SHADOWSOCKS_LOG=off \
-    SHADOWSOCKS_LISTENING_ADDRESS=":8388" \
+    SHADOWSOCKS_PORT=8388 \
    SHADOWSOCKS_PASSWORD= \
    SHADOWSOCKS_PASSWORD_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/shadowsocks_password \
-    SHADOWSOCKS_CIPHER=chacha20-ietf-poly1305 \
-    # Control server
-    HTTP_CONTROL_SERVER_LOG=on \
-    HTTP_CONTROL_SERVER_ADDRESS=":8000" \
-    HTTP_CONTROL_SERVER_AUTH_CONFIG_FILEPATH=/gluetun/auth/config.toml \
-    HTTP_CONTROL_SERVER_AUTH_DEFAULT_ROLE="{}" \
-    # Server data updater
-    UPDATER_PERIOD=0 \
-    UPDATER_MIN_RATIO=0.8 \
-    UPDATER_VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDERS= \
-    UPDATER_PROTONVPN_EMAIL= \
-    UPDATER_PROTONVPN_PASSWORD= \
-    # Public IP
-    PUBLICIP_FILE="/tmp/gluetun/ip" \
-    PUBLICIP_ENABLED=on \
-    PUBLICIP_API=ipinfo,ifconfigco,ip2location,cloudflare \
-    PUBLICIP_API_TOKEN= \
-    # Storage
-    STORAGE_FILEPATH=/gluetun/servers.json \
-    # Pprof
-    PPROF_ENABLED=no \
-    PPROF_BLOCK_PROFILE_RATE=0 \
-    PPROF_MUTEX_PROFILE_RATE=0 \
-    PPROF_HTTP_SERVER_ADDRESS=":6060" \
-    # Extras
-    VERSION_INFORMATION=on \
-    TZ= \
-    PUID=1000 \
-    PGID=1000
-ENTRYPOINT ["/gluetun-entrypoint"]
+    SHADOWSOCKS_METHOD=chacha20-ietf-poly1305 \
+    UPDATER_PERIOD=0
+ENTRYPOINT ["/entrypoint"]
 EXPOSE 8000/tcp 8888/tcp 8388/tcp 8388/udp
-HEALTHCHECK --interval=5s --timeout=5s --start-period=10s --retries=3 CMD /gluetun-entrypoint healthcheck
-ARG TARGETPLATFORM
-RUN apk add --no-cache --update -l wget && \
-    apk add --no-cache --update -X "https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/main" openvpn\~2.5 && \
-    mv /usr/sbin/openvpn /usr/sbin/openvpn2.5 && \
-    apk del openvpn && \
-    apk add --no-cache --update openvpn ca-certificates iptables iptables-legacy tzdata && \
-    mv /usr/sbin/openvpn /usr/sbin/openvpn2.6 && \
-    rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* /etc/openvpn/*.sh /usr/lib/openvpn/plugins/openvpn-plugin-down-root.so && \
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=5s --timeout=5s --start-period=10s --retries=1 CMD /entrypoint healthcheck
+RUN apk add -q --progress --no-cache --update openvpn ca-certificates iptables ip6tables unbound tzdata && \
+    rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* /etc/unbound/* /usr/sbin/unbound-* && \
    deluser openvpn && \
+    deluser unbound && \
    mkdir /gluetun
-COPY --from=build /tmp/gobuild/entrypoint /gluetun-entrypoint
+# TODO remove once SAN is added to PIA servers certificates, see https://github.com/pia-foss/manual-connections/issues/10
+ENV GODEBUG=x509ignoreCN=0
+COPY --from=builder /tmp/gobuild/entrypoint /entrypoint
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,130 +1,132 @@
-# Gluetun VPN client
-
-⚠️ This and [gluetun-wiki](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki) are the only websites for Gluetun, other websites claiming to be official are scams ⚠️
-
-Lightweight swiss-army-knife-like VPN client to multiple VPN service providers
-
-![Title image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qdm12/gluetun/master/title.svg)
-
-[![Build status](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
-
-[![Docker pulls qmcgaw/gluetun](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/qmcgaw/gluetun.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun)
-[![Docker pulls qmcgaw/private-internet-access](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/qmcgaw/private-internet-access.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun)
-
-[![Docker stars qmcgaw/gluetun](https://img.shields.io/docker/stars/qmcgaw/gluetun.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun)
-[![Docker stars qmcgaw/private-internet-access](https://img.shields.io/docker/stars/qmcgaw/private-internet-access.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun)
-
-![Last release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/qdm12/gluetun?label=Last%20release)
-![Last Docker tag](https://img.shields.io/docker/v/qmcgaw/gluetun?sort=semver&label=Last%20Docker%20tag)
-[![Last release size](https://img.shields.io/docker/image-size/qmcgaw/gluetun?sort=semver&label=Last%20released%20image)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated)
-![GitHub last release date](https://img.shields.io/github/release-date/qdm12/gluetun?label=Last%20release%20date)
-![Commits since release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/qdm12/gluetun/latest?sort=semver)
-
-[![Latest size](https://img.shields.io/docker/image-size/qmcgaw/gluetun/latest?label=Latest%20image)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun/tags)
-
-[![GitHub last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/commits/master)
-[![GitHub commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/graphs/contributors)
-[![GitHub closed PRs](https://img.shields.io/github/issues-pr-closed/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aclosed)
-[![GitHub issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues)
-[![GitHub closed issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues-closed/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed)
-
-![Code size](https://img.shields.io/github/languages/code-size/qdm12/gluetun)
-![GitHub repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/qdm12/gluetun)
-![Go version](https://img.shields.io/github/go-mod/go-version/qdm12/gluetun)
-
-![Visitors count](https://visitor-badge.laobi.icu/badge?page_id=gluetun.readme)
-
-## Quick links
-
- [Setup](#setup)
- [Features](#features)
- Problem?
-  - Check the Wiki [common errors](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/tree/main/errors) and [faq](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/tree/main/faq)
-  - [Start a discussion](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/discussions)
-  - [Fix the Unraid template](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/discussions/550)
- Suggestion?
-  - [Create an issue](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues)
- Happy?
-  - Sponsor me on [github.com/sponsors/qdm12](https://github.com/sponsors/qdm12)
-  - Donate to [paypal.me/qmcgaw](https://www.paypal.me/qmcgaw)
-  - Drop me [an email](mailto:quentin.mcgaw@gmail.com)
- **Want to add a VPN provider?** check [the development page](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/contributing/development.md) and [add a provider page](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/contributing/add-a-provider.md)
- Video:
-
-  [![Video Gif](https://i.imgur.com/CetWunc.gif)](https://youtu.be/0F6I03LQcI4)
-
- [Substack Console interview](https://console.substack.com/p/console-72)
-
-## Features
-
- Based on Alpine 3.22 for a small Docker image of 41.1MB
- Supports: **AirVPN**, **Cyberghost**, **ExpressVPN**, **FastestVPN**, **Giganews**, **HideMyAss**, **IPVanish**, **IVPN**, **Mullvad**, **NordVPN**, **Perfect Privacy**, **Privado**, **Private Internet Access**, **PrivateVPN**, **ProtonVPN**, **PureVPN**,  **SlickVPN**, **Surfshark**, **TorGuard**, **VPNSecure.me**, **VPNUnlimited**, **Vyprvpn**, **WeVPN**, **Windscribe** servers
- Supports OpenVPN for all providers listed
- Supports Wireguard both kernelspace and userspace
-  - For **AirVPN**, **FastestVPN**, **Ivpn**, **Mullvad**, **NordVPN**, **Perfect privacy**, **ProtonVPN**, **Surfshark** and **Windscribe**
-  - For **Cyberghost**, **Private Internet Access**, **PrivateVPN**, **PureVPN**, **Torguard**, **VPN Unlimited**, **VyprVPN** and **WeVPN** using [the custom provider](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/providers/custom.md)
-  - For custom Wireguard configurations using [the custom provider](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/providers/custom.md)
-  - More in progress, see [#134](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues/134)
- DNS over TLS baked in with service provider(s) of your choice
- DNS fine blocking of malicious/ads/surveillance hostnames and IP addresses, with live update every 24 hours
- Choose the vpn network protocol, `udp` or `tcp`
- Built in firewall kill switch to allow traffic only with needed the VPN servers and LAN devices
- Built in Shadowsocks proxy server (protocol based on SOCKS5 with an encryption layer, tunnels TCP+UDP)
- Built in HTTP proxy (tunnels HTTP and HTTPS through TCP)
- [Connect other containers to it](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/connect-a-container-to-gluetun.md)
- [Connect LAN devices to it](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/connect-a-lan-device-to-gluetun.md)
- Compatible with amd64, i686 (32 bit), **ARM** 64 bit, ARM 32 bit v6 and v7, and even ppc64le 🎆
- Custom VPN server side port forwarding for [Perfect Privacy](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/providers/perfect-privacy.md#vpn-server-port-forwarding), [Private Internet Access](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/providers/private-internet-access.md#vpn-server-port-forwarding), [PrivateVPN](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/providers/privatevpn.md#vpn-server-port-forwarding) and [ProtonVPN](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/providers/protonvpn.md#vpn-server-port-forwarding)
- Possibility of split horizon DNS by selecting multiple DNS over TLS providers
- Can work as a Kubernetes sidecar container, thanks @rorph
-
-## Setup
-
-🎉 There are now instructions specific to each VPN provider with examples to help you get started as quickly as possible!
-
-Go to the [Wiki](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki)!
-
-[🐛 Found a bug in the Wiki?!](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/issues/new/choose)
-
-Here's a docker-compose.yml for the laziest:
-
-```yml
---
-services:
-  gluetun:
-    image: qmcgaw/gluetun
-    # container_name: gluetun
-    # line above must be uncommented to allow external containers to connect.
-    # See https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/connect-a-container-to-gluetun.md#external-container-to-gluetun
-    cap_add:
-      - NET_ADMIN
-    devices:
-      - /dev/net/tun:/dev/net/tun
-    ports:
-      - 8888:8888/tcp # HTTP proxy
-      - 8388:8388/tcp # Shadowsocks
-      - 8388:8388/udp # Shadowsocks
-    volumes:
-      - /yourpath:/gluetun
-    environment:
-      # See https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/tree/main/setup#setup
-      - VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=ivpn
-      - VPN_TYPE=openvpn
-      # OpenVPN:
-      - OPENVPN_USER=
-      - OPENVPN_PASSWORD=
-      # Wireguard:
-      # - WIREGUARD_PRIVATE_KEY=wOEI9rqqbDwnN8/Bpp22sVz48T71vJ4fYmFWujulwUU=
-      # - WIREGUARD_ADDRESSES=10.64.222.21/32
-      # Timezone for accurate log times
-      - TZ=
-      # Server list updater
-      # See https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/servers.md#update-the-vpn-servers-list
-      - UPDATER_PERIOD=
-```
-
-🆕 Image also available as `ghcr.io/qdm12/gluetun`
-
-## License
-
-[![MIT](https://img.shields.io/github/license/qdm12/gluetun)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/blob/master/LICENSE)
+# Gluetun VPN client
+
+*Lightweight swiss-knife-like VPN client to tunnel to Private Internet Access,
+Mullvad, Windscribe, Surfshark Cyberghost, VyprVPN, NordVPN, PureVPN and Privado VPN servers, using Go, OpenVPN, iptables, DNS over TLS, ShadowSocks and an HTTP proxy*
+
+**ANNOUNCEMENT**: *New Docker image name `qmcgaw/gluetun`*
+
+<img height="250" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qdm12/gluetun/master/title.svg?sanitize=true">
+
+[![Size](https://img.shields.io/docker/image-size/qmcgaw/gluetun?sort=semver&label=Last%20released%20image)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated)
+[![Size](https://img.shields.io/docker/image-size/qmcgaw/gluetun/latest?label=Latest%20image)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun/tags)
+
+[![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/qmcgaw/private-internet-access.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/private-internet-access)
+[![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/qmcgaw/gluetun.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun)
+
+![Last release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/qdm12/gluetun?label=Last%20release)
+![Last Docker tag](https://img.shields.io/docker/v/qmcgaw/gluetun?sort=semver&label=Last%20Docker%20tag)
+![GitHub Release Date](https://img.shields.io/github/release-date/qdm12/gluetun?label=Last%20release%20date)
+
+![Commits since release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/qdm12/gluetun/latest?sort=semver)
+[![GitHub last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/commits)
+
+[![Lines of code](https://img.shields.io/tokei/lines/github/qdm12/gluetun)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun)
+
+## Quick links
+
+- Problem or suggestion?
+  - [Start a discussion](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/discussions)
+  - [Create an issue](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues)
+  - [Check the Wiki](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki)
+  - [Join the Slack channel](https://join.slack.com/t/qdm12/shared_invite/enQtOTE0NjcxNTM1ODc5LTYyZmVlOTM3MGI4ZWU0YmJkMjUxNmQ4ODQ2OTAwYzMxMTlhY2Q1MWQyOWUyNjc2ODliNjFjMDUxNWNmNzk5MDk)
+- Happy?
+  - Sponsor me on [github.com/sponsors/qdm12](https://github.com/sponsors/qdm12)
+  - Donate to [paypal.me/qmcgaw](https://www.paypal.me/qmcgaw)
+  - Drop me [an email](mailto:quentin.mcgaw@gmail.com)
+
+## Features
+
+- Based on Alpine 3.12 for a small Docker image of 52MB
+- Supports **Private Internet Access**, **Mullvad**, **Windscribe**, **Surfshark**, **Cyberghost**, **Vyprvpn**, **NordVPN**, **PureVPN** and **Privado** servers
+- Supports Openvpn only for now
+- DNS over TLS baked in with service provider(s) of your choice
+- DNS fine blocking of malicious/ads/surveillance hostnames and IP addresses, with live update every 24 hours
+- Choose the vpn network protocol, `udp` or `tcp`
+- Built in firewall kill switch to allow traffic only with needed the VPN servers and LAN devices
+- Built in Shadowsocks proxy (protocol based on SOCKS5 with an encryption layer, tunnels TCP+UDP)
+- Built in HTTP proxy (tunnels HTTP and HTTPS through TCP)
+- [Connect other containers to it](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Connect-to-gluetun)
+- [Connect LAN devices to it](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Connect-to-gluetun)
+- Compatible with amd64, i686 (32 bit), **ARM** 64 bit, ARM 32 bit v6 and v7 🎆
+- VPN server side port forwarding for Private Internet Access and Vyprvpn
+- Possibility of split horizon DNS by selecting multiple DNS over TLS providers
+- Subprograms all drop root privileges once launched
+- Subprograms output streams are all merged together
+- Can work as a Kubernetes sidecar container, thanks @rorph
+
+## Setup
+
+1. On some devices you may need to setup your tunnel kernel module on your host with `insmod /lib/modules/tun.ko` or `modprobe tun`
+    - [Synology users Wiki page](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Synology-setup)
+1. Launch the container with:
+
+    ```bash
+    docker run -d --name gluetun --cap-add=NET_ADMIN \
+    -e VPNSP="private internet access" -e REGION="CA Montreal" \
+    -e OPENVPN_USER=js89ds7 -e OPENVPN_PASSWORD=8fd9s239G \
+    -v /yourpath:/gluetun \
+    qmcgaw/gluetun
+    ```
+
+    or use [docker-compose.yml](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/blob/master/docker-compose.yml) with:
+
+    ```bash
+    echo "your openvpn username" > openvpn_user
+    echo "your openvpn password" > openvpn_password
+    docker-compose up -d
+    ```
+
+    You should probably check the many [environment variables](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Environment-variables) available to adapt the container to your needs.
+
+## Further setup
+
+The following points are all optional but should give you insights on all the possibilities with this container.
+
+- Use [Docker secrets](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Docker-secrets) to read your credentials instead of environment variables
+- [Test your setup](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Test-your-setup)
+- [How to connect other containers and devices to Gluetun](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Connect-to-gluetun)
+- [VPN server side port forwarding](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Port-forwarding)
+- [HTTP control server](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/HTTP-Control-server) to automate things, restart Openvpn etc.
+- Update the image with `docker pull qmcgaw/gluetun:latest`. See this [Wiki document](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Docker-image-tags) for Docker tags available.
+
+## Development
+
+- 💻 [Contribute with code](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Development) ([existing contributors 👍](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#Contributors))
+- [List of issues and feature requests](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues)
+- [Kanban board](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/projects/1)
+
+## License
+
+[![MIT](https://img.shields.io/github/license/qdm12/gluetun)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/master/LICENSE)
+
+## Support
+
+- Sponsor me on [Github](https://github.com/sponsors/qdm12) or donate to [paypal.me/qmcgaw](https://www.paypal.me/qmcgaw)
+
+  [![https://github.com/sponsors/qdm12](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qdm12/gluetun/master/doc/sponsors.jpg)](https://github.com/sponsors/qdm12)
+  [![https://www.paypal.me/qmcgaw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qdm12/gluetun/master/doc/paypal.jpg)](https://www.paypal.me/qmcgaw)
+
+- Contribute to the issues and discussions on Github
+- Many thanks to @Frepke, @Ralph521, G. Mendez, M. Otmar Weber, J. Perez, A. Cooper and **others** for supporting me financially 🥇👍
+
+## Metadata
+
+[![GitHub commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/commits)
+[![GitHub closed PRs](https://img.shields.io/github/issues-pr-closed/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aclosed)
+
+[![GitHub issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues)
+[![GitHub closed issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues-closed/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed)
+
+![Visitors count](https://visitor-badge.laobi.icu/badge?page_id=gluetun.readme)
+![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/qdm12/gluetun?style=social)
+![GitHub watchers](https://img.shields.io/github/watchers/qdm12/gluetun?style=social)
+![Contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/qdm12/gluetun)
+![GitHub forks](https://img.shields.io/github/forks/qdm12/gluetun?style=social)
+
+![Code size](https://img.shields.io/github/languages/code-size/qdm12/gluetun)
+![GitHub repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/qdm12/gluetun)
+
+[![dockeri.co](https://dockeri.co/image/qmcgaw/gluetun)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun)
+
+![Docker Layers for latest](https://img.shields.io/microbadger/layers/qmcgaw/gluetun/latest?label=Docker%20image%20layers)
+![Go version](https://img.shields.io/github/go-mod/go-version/qdm12/gluetun)
--- a/ci/cmd/main.go
+++ b/ci/cmd/main.go
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"os/signal"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/ci/internal"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	if len(os.Args) < 2 {
-		fmt.Println("Usage: " + os.Args[0] + " <command>")
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-
-	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), os.Interrupt)
-
-	var err error
-	switch os.Args[1] {
-	case "mullvad":
-		err = internal.MullvadTest(ctx)
-	case "protonvpn":
-		err = internal.ProtonVPNTest(ctx)
-	default:
-		err = fmt.Errorf("unknown command: %s", os.Args[1])
-	}
-	stop()
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("❌", err)
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-	fmt.Println("✅ Test completed successfully.")
-}
--- a/ci/go.mod
+++ b/ci/go.mod
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-module github.com/qdm12/gluetun/ci
-
-go 1.25.0
-
-require (
-	github.com/docker/docker v28.5.1+incompatible
-	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1
-)
-
-require (
-	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/sys/atomicwriter v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/term v0.5.2 // indirect
-	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.35.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.14.0 // indirect
-	gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2 // indirect
-)
--- a/ci/go.sum
+++ b/ci/go.sum
@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c h1:udKWzYgxTojEKWjV8V+WSxDXJ4NFATAsZjh8iIbsQIg=
-github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c/go.mod h1:xomTg63KZ2rFqZQzSB4Vz2SUXa1BpHTVz9L5PTmPC4E=
-github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 h1:F2VQgta7ecxGYO8k3ZZz3RS8fVIXVxONVUPlNERoyfY=
-github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2/go.mod h1:yd8OoFMLzJbo9gZq8j5qaps8bJ9aShtEA8Ipt1oGCvU=
-github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3 h1:ZN+IMa753KfX5hd8vVaMixjnqRZ3y8CuJKRKj1xcsSM=
-github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3/go.mod h1:rkhZdG3JZukswDf7f0cwqPNk4K0sa+F97BxZthm/crw=
-github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 h1:tg5yIfIlQIrxYtu9ajqY42W3lpS19XqdxRQeEwYG8PI=
-github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0/go.mod h1:+YBYIdtsnF4Iw6nWZhJcqGSg/dwvV7tyJ/kCkyJ2k+M=
-github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 h1:9IKJ06FvyNlexW690DXuQNx2KA2cUJXx151Xdx3ZPPE=
-github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NJw6s9HwNuRhnjJhM7pylWwMyAkmCQvQ4GpJHEqRLVk=
-github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 h1:TCJt7ioM2cr/tfR8GPbGf9/VRAX8D2B4PjzCpfX540I=
-github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0/go.mod h1:VRRf09a7mHDIRezVKTRCrOq78v577GXq3bSa3EhrzVo=
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
-github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 h1:0IXCQ5g4/QMHHkarYzh5l+u8T3t73zM5QvfrDyIgxBk=
-github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0/go.mod h1:BbU0aIcezP1/5jX/8MP0YiH4SdvB5Y4f/wlDRiLyi3E=
-github.com/docker/docker v28.5.1+incompatible h1:Bm8DchhSD2J6PsFzxC35TZo4TLGR2PdW/E69rU45NhM=
-github.com/docker/docker v28.5.1+incompatible/go.mod h1:eEKB0N0r5NX/I1kEveEz05bcu8tLC/8azJZsviup8Sk=
-github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 h1:LlMG9azAe1TqfR7sO+NJttz1gy6KO7VJBh+pMmjSD94=
-github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0/go.mod h1:AahvXYshr6JgfUJGdDCs2b5EZG/vmaMAntpSFH5BFKE=
-github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 h1:69rxXcBk27SvSaaxTtLh/8llcHD8vYHT7WSdRZ/jvr4=
-github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0/go.mod h1:fgPhTUdO+D/Jk86RDLlptpiXQzgHJF7gydDDbaIK4Dk=
-github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 h1:NFTV2Zj1bL4mc9sqWACXbQFVBBg2W3GPvqp8/ESS2Wg=
-github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4/go.mod h1:m8KPJKqk1gH5J9DgRY2ASl2lWCfGKXixSwevea8zH2U=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:jdQByPbusPIv2/zmleS9BjJVeZ6kBagPoEUsqbVz/1A=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 h1:CjnDlHq8ikf6E492q6eKboGOC0T8CDaOvkHCIg8idEI=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
-github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 h1:hSWxHoqTgW2S2qGc0LTAI563KZ5YKYRhT3MFKZMbjag=
-github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:mMo/vtBO5dYbehREoey6XUKy/eSumjCCveDpRre4VKE=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0 h1:wk8382ETsv4JYUZwIsn6YpYiWiBsYLSJiTsyBybVuN8=
-github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0/go.mod h1:pXiqmnSA92OHEEa9HXL2W4E7lf9JzCmGVUdgjX3N/iU=
-github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
-github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.2 h1:8Tjv8EJ+pM1xP8mK6egEbD1OgnVTyacbefKhmbLhIhU=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.27.2/go.mod h1:pkJQ2tZHJ0aFOVEEot6oZmaVEZcRme73eIFmhiVuRWs=
-github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 h1:jMKff3w6PgbfSa69GfNg+zN/XLhfXJGnEx3Nl2EsFP0=
-github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1/go.mod h1:eKmb5VW8vQEh/BAr2yvVNvuiJuY6UIocYsFu/DxxRpo=
-github.com/moby/sys/atomicwriter v0.1.0 h1:kw5D/EqkBwsBFi0ss9v1VG3wIkVhzGvLklJ+w3A14Sw=
-github.com/moby/sys/atomicwriter v0.1.0/go.mod h1:Ul8oqv2ZMNHOceF643P6FKPXeCmYtlQMvpizfsSoaWs=
-github.com/moby/sys/sequential v0.6.0 h1:qrx7XFUd/5DxtqcoH1h438hF5TmOvzC/lspjy7zgvCU=
-github.com/moby/sys/sequential v0.6.0/go.mod h1:uyv8EUTrca5PnDsdMGXhZe6CCe8U/UiTWd+lL+7b/Ko=
-github.com/moby/term v0.5.2 h1:6qk3FJAFDs6i/q3W/pQ97SX192qKfZgGjCQqfCJkgzQ=
-github.com/moby/term v0.5.2/go.mod h1:d3djjFCrjnB+fl8NJux+EJzu0msscUP+f8it8hPkFLc=
-github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 h1:nP9CBfwrvYnBRgY6qfDQkygYDmYwOilePFkwzv4dU8A=
-github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0/go.mod h1:BbKIizmSmc5MMPqRYbxO4ZU0S0+P200+tUnFx7PXmsc=
-github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 h1:apOUWs51W5PlhuyGyz9FCeeBIOUDA/6nW8Oi/yOhh5U=
-github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0/go.mod h1:0JzlMkj0TRzQZfJkVvzbP0HBR3IKzErnv2BNG4W4MAM=
-github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1 h1:y0fUlFfIZhPF1W537XOLg0/fcx6zcHCJwooC2xJA040=
-github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1/go.mod h1:qpqAh3Dmcf36wStyyWU+kCeDgrGnAve2nCC8+7h8Q0M=
-github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
-github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
-github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
-github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
-github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 h1:dueUQJ1C2q9oE3F7wvmSGAaVtTmUizReu6fjN8uqzbQ=
-github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3/go.mod h1:naHLuLoDiP4jHNo9R0sCBMtWGeIprob74mVsIT4qYEQ=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1 h1:7s2iGBzp5EwR7/aIZr8ao5+dra3wiQyKjjFuvgVKu7U=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1/go.mod h1:wZwfW3scLgRK+23gO65QZefKpKQRnfz6sD981Nm4B6U=
-go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 h1:cH53jehLUN6UFLY71z+NDOiNJqDdPRaXzTel0sJySYA=
-go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0/go.mod h1:3wSPjt5PWp2RhlCcmmOial7AvC4DQqZb7a7wCow3W8A=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0 h1:RbKq8BG0FI8OiXhBfcRtqqHcZcka+gU3cskNuf05R18=
-go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0/go.mod h1:h06DGIukJOevXaj/xrNjhi/2098RZzcLTbc0jDAUbsg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0 h1:RkfdswUDRimDg0m2Az18RKOsnI8UDzppJAtj01/Ymk8=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0/go.mod h1:zcmtmQ1+YmQM9wrNsTGV/q/uyusom3P8RxwExxkZhjM=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.38.0 h1:GqRJVj7UmLjCVyVJ3ZFLdPRmhDUp2zFmQe3RHIOsw24=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.38.0/go.mod h1:ri3aaHSmCTVYu2AWv44YMauwAQc0aqI9gHKIcSbI1pU=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.38.0 h1:aTL7F04bJHUlztTsNGJ2l+6he8c+y/b//eR0jjjemT4=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.38.0/go.mod h1:kldtb7jDTeol0l3ewcmd8SDvx3EmIE7lyvqbasU3QC4=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0 h1:Kl6lzIYGAh5M159u9NgiRkmoMKjvbsKtYRwgfrA6WpA=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0/go.mod h1:kB5n/QoRM8YwmUahxvI3bO34eVtQf2i4utNVLr9gEmI=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0 h1:l48sr5YbNf2hpCUj/FoGhW9yDkl+Ma+LrVl8qaM5b+E=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.38.0/go.mod h1:ghmNdGlVemJI3+ZB5iDEuk4bWA3GkTpW+DOoZMYBVVg=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.38.0 h1:aSH66iL0aZqo//xXzQLYozmWrXxyFkBJ6qT5wthqPoM=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.38.0/go.mod h1:dg9PBnW9XdQ1Hd6ZnRz689CbtrUp0wMMs9iPcgT9EZA=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0 h1:Fxk5bKrDZJUH+AMyyIXGcFAPah0oRcT+LuNtJrmcNLE=
-go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0/go.mod h1:j1P9ivuFsTceSWe1oY+EeW3sc+Pp42sO++GHkg4wwhs=
-go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.7.1 h1:gTOMpGDb0WTBOP8JaO72iL3auEZhVmAQg4ipjOVAtj4=
-go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.7.1/go.mod h1:b2rVh6rfI/s2pHWNlB7ILJcRALpcNDzKhACevjI+ZnE=
-golang.org/x/net v0.43.0 h1:lat02VYK2j4aLzMzecihNvTlJNQUq316m2Mr9rnM6YE=
-golang.org/x/net v0.43.0/go.mod h1:vhO1fvI4dGsIjh73sWfUVjj3N7CA9WkKJNQm2svM6Jg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.35.0 h1:vz1N37gP5bs89s7He8XuIYXpyY0+QlsKmzipCbUtyxI=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.35.0/go.mod h1:BJP2sWEmIv4KK5OTEluFJCKSidICx8ciO85XgH3Ak8k=
-golang.org/x/text v0.28.0 h1:rhazDwis8INMIwQ4tpjLDzUhx6RlXqZNPEM0huQojng=
-golang.org/x/text v0.28.0/go.mod h1:U8nCwOR8jO/marOQ0QbDiOngZVEBB7MAiitBuMjXiNU=
-golang.org/x/time v0.14.0 h1:MRx4UaLrDotUKUdCIqzPC48t1Y9hANFKIRpNx+Te8PI=
-golang.org/x/time v0.14.0/go.mod h1:eL/Oa2bBBK0TkX57Fyni+NgnyQQN4LitPmob2Hjnqw4=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250825161204-c5933d9347a5 h1:BIRfGDEjiHRrk0QKZe3Xv2ieMhtgRGeLcZQ0mIVn4EY=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20250825161204-c5933d9347a5/go.mod h1:j3QtIyytwqGr1JUDtYXwtMXWPKsEa5LtzIFN1Wn5WvE=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250825161204-c5933d9347a5 h1:eaY8u2EuxbRv7c3NiGK0/NedzVsCcV6hDuU5qPX5EGE=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250825161204-c5933d9347a5/go.mod h1:M4/wBTSeyLxupu3W3tJtOgB14jILAS/XWPSSa3TAlJc=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.75.0 h1:+TW+dqTd2Biwe6KKfhE5JpiYIBWq865PhKGSXiivqt4=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.75.0/go.mod h1:JtPAzKiq4v1xcAB2hydNlWI2RnF85XXcV0mhKXr2ecQ=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.8 h1:xHScyCOEuuwZEc6UtSOvPbAT4zRh0xcNRYekJwfqyMc=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.8/go.mod h1:fuxRtAxBytpl4zzqUh6/eyUujkJdNiuEkXntxiD/uRU=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2 h1:7koQfIKdy+I8UTetycgUqXWSDwpgv193Ka+qRsmBY8Q=
-gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2/go.mod h1:LtdLGcnqToBH83WByAAi/wiwSFCArdFIUV/xxN4pcjA=
--- a/ci/internal/mullvad.go
+++ b/ci/internal/mullvad.go
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-package internal
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-)
-
-func MullvadTest(ctx context.Context) error {
-	expectedSecrets := []string{
-		"Wireguard private key",
-		"Wireguard address",
-	}
-	secrets, err := readSecrets(ctx, expectedSecrets)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("reading secrets: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	env := []string{
-		"VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=mullvad",
-		"VPN_TYPE=wireguard",
-		"LOG_LEVEL=debug",
-		"SERVER_COUNTRIES=USA",
-		"WIREGUARD_PRIVATE_KEY=" + secrets[0],
-		"WIREGUARD_ADDRESSES=" + secrets[1],
-	}
-	return simpleTest(ctx, env)
-}
--- a/ci/internal/protonvpn.go
+++ b/ci/internal/protonvpn.go
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-package internal
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-)
-
-func ProtonVPNTest(ctx context.Context) error {
-	expectedSecrets := []string{
-		"Wireguard private key",
-	}
-	secrets, err := readSecrets(ctx, expectedSecrets)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("reading secrets: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	env := []string{
-		"VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=protonvpn",
-		"VPN_TYPE=wireguard",
-		"LOG_LEVEL=debug",
-		"SERVER_COUNTRIES=United States",
-		"WIREGUARD_PRIVATE_KEY=" + secrets[0],
-	}
-	return simpleTest(ctx, env)
-}
--- a/ci/internal/secrets.go
+++ b/ci/internal/secrets.go
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-package internal
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-func readSecrets(ctx context.Context, expectedSecrets []string) (lines []string, err error) {
-	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
-	lines = make([]string, 0, len(expectedSecrets))
-
-	for i := range expectedSecrets {
-		fmt.Println("🤫 reading", expectedSecrets[i], "from Stdin...")
-		if !scanner.Scan() {
-			break
-		}
-		lines = append(lines, strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text()))
-		fmt.Println("🤫 "+expectedSecrets[i], "secret read successfully")
-		if ctx.Err() != nil {
-			return nil, ctx.Err()
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading secrets from stdin: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if len(lines) < len(expectedSecrets) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("expected %d secrets via Stdin, but only received %d",
-			len(expectedSecrets), len(lines))
-	}
-	for i, line := range lines {
-		if line == "" {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("secret on line %d/%d was empty", i+1, len(lines))
-		}
-	}
-
-	return lines, nil
-}
--- a/ci/internal/simple.go
+++ b/ci/internal/simple.go
@@ -1,134 +0,0 @@
-package internal
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"regexp"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/network"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
-	v1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
-)
-
-func ptrTo[T any](v T) *T { return &v }
-
-func simpleTest(ctx context.Context, env []string) error {
-	const timeout = 30 * time.Second
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	client, err := client.NewClientWithOpts(client.FromEnv, client.WithAPIVersionNegotiation())
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	config := &container.Config{
-		Image:       "qmcgaw/gluetun",
-		StopTimeout: ptrTo(3),
-		Env:         env,
-	}
-	hostConfig := &container.HostConfig{
-		AutoRemove: true,
-		CapAdd:     []string{"NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"},
-	}
-	networkConfig := (*network.NetworkingConfig)(nil)
-	platform := (*v1.Platform)(nil)
-	const containerName = "" // auto-generated name
-
-	response, err := client.ContainerCreate(ctx, config, hostConfig, networkConfig, platform, containerName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating container: %w", err)
-	}
-	for _, warning := range response.Warnings {
-		fmt.Println("Warning during container creation:", warning)
-	}
-	containerID := response.ID
-	defer stopContainer(client, containerID)
-
-	beforeStartTime := time.Now()
-
-	err = client.ContainerStart(ctx, containerID, container.StartOptions{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("starting container: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return waitForLogLine(ctx, client, containerID, beforeStartTime)
-}
-
-func stopContainer(client *client.Client, containerID string) {
-	const stopTimeout = 5 * time.Second // must be higher than 3s, see above [container.Config]'s StopTimeout field
-	stopCtx, stopCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), stopTimeout)
-	defer stopCancel()
-
-	err := client.ContainerStop(stopCtx, containerID, container.StopOptions{})
-	if err != nil {
-		fmt.Println("failed to stop container:", err)
-	}
-}
-
-var successRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^.+Public IP address is .+$`)
-
-func waitForLogLine(ctx context.Context, client *client.Client, containerID string,
-	beforeStartTime time.Time,
-) error {
-	logOptions := container.LogsOptions{
-		ShowStdout: true,
-		Follow:     true,
-		Since:      beforeStartTime.Format(time.RFC3339Nano),
-	}
-
-	reader, err := client.ContainerLogs(ctx, containerID, logOptions)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error getting container logs: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer reader.Close()
-
-	var linesSeen []string
-	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(reader)
-	for ctx.Err() == nil {
-		if scanner.Scan() {
-			line := scanner.Text()
-			if len(line) > 8 { // remove Docker log prefix
-				line = line[8:]
-			}
-			linesSeen = append(linesSeen, line)
-			if successRegexp.MatchString(line) {
-				fmt.Println("✅ Success line logged")
-				return nil
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-		err := scanner.Err()
-		if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
-			logSeenLines(linesSeen)
-			return fmt.Errorf("reading log stream: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		// The scanner is either done or cannot read because of EOF
-		fmt.Println("The log scanner stopped")
-		logSeenLines(linesSeen)
-
-		// Check if the container is still running
-		inspect, err := client.ContainerInspect(ctx, containerID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("inspecting container: %w", err)
-		}
-		if !inspect.State.Running {
-			return fmt.Errorf("container stopped unexpectedly while waiting for log line. Exit code: %d", inspect.State.ExitCode)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return ctx.Err()
-}
-
-func logSeenLines(lines []string) {
-	fmt.Println("Logs seen so far:")
-	for _, line := range lines {
-		fmt.Println("  " + line)
-	}
-}
--- a/cmd/gluetun/main.go
+++ b/cmd/gluetun/main.go
@@ -2,634 +2,448 @@ package main

 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/fs"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
+	nativeos "os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
-	_ "time/tzdata"

-	_ "github.com/breml/rootcerts"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/alpine"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/cli"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/command"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources/files"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources/secrets"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/dns"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/firewall"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/healthcheck"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/httpproxy"
+	gluetunLogging "github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/logging"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/netlink"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/openvpn"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/openvpn/extract"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/portforward"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/pprof"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/params"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/publicip"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/routing"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/server"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/settings"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/shadowsocks"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/storage"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/tun"
-	updater "github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater/loop"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater/resolver"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater/unzip"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/vpn"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader/sources/env"
-	"github.com/qdm12/goshutdown"
-	"github.com/qdm12/goshutdown/goroutine"
-	"github.com/qdm12/goshutdown/group"
-	"github.com/qdm12/goshutdown/order"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosplash"
-	"github.com/qdm12/log"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/unix"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater"
+	versionpkg "github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/version"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/command"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os/user"
 )

 //nolint:gochecknoglobals
 var (
-	version = "unknown"
-	commit  = "unknown"
-	created = "an unknown date"
+	version   = "unknown"
+	commit    = "unknown"
+	buildDate = "an unknown date"
 )

 func main() {
 	buildInfo := models.BuildInformation{
-		Version: version,
-		Commit:  commit,
-		Created: created,
+		Version:   version,
+		Commit:    commit,
+		BuildDate: buildDate,
 	}
-
-	background := context.Background()
-	signalCh := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-	signal.Notify(signalCh, os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(background)
-
-	logger := log.New(log.SetLevel(log.LevelInfo))
-
-	args := os.Args
-	tun := tun.New()
-	netLinkDebugLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("netlink"))
-	netLinker := netlink.New(netLinkDebugLogger)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	args := nativeos.Args
+	os := os.New()
+	osUser := user.New()
+	unix := unix.New()
 	cli := cli.New()
-	cmder := command.New()
-
-	reader := reader.New(reader.Settings{
-		Sources: []reader.Source{
-			secrets.New(logger),
-			files.New(logger),
-			env.New(env.Settings{}),
-		},
-		HandleDeprecatedKey: func(source, deprecatedKey, currentKey string) {
-			logger.Warn("You are using the old " + source + " " + deprecatedKey +
-				", please consider changing it to " + currentKey)
-		},
-	})
-
-	errorCh := make(chan error)
-	go func() {
-		errorCh <- _main(ctx, buildInfo, args, logger, reader, tun, netLinker, cmder, cli)
-	}()
-
-	// Wait for OS signal or run error
-	var err error
-	select {
-	case receivedSignal := <-signalCh:
-		signal.Stop(signalCh)
-		fmt.Println("")
-		logger.Warn("Caught OS signal " + receivedSignal.String() + ", shutting down")
-		cancel()
-	case err = <-errorCh:
-		close(errorCh)
-		if err == nil { // expected exit such as healthcheck
-			os.Exit(0)
-		}
-		logger.Error(err.Error())
-		cancel()
-	}
-
-	// Shutdown timed sequence, and force exit on second OS signal
-	const shutdownGracePeriod = 5 * time.Second
-	timer := time.NewTimer(shutdownGracePeriod)
-	select {
-	case shutdownErr := <-errorCh:
-		timer.Stop()
-		if shutdownErr != nil {
-			logger.Warnf("Shutdown failed: %s", shutdownErr)
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-
-		logger.Info("Shutdown successful")
-		if err != nil {
-			os.Exit(1)
-		}
-		os.Exit(0)
-	case <-timer.C:
-		logger.Warn("Shutdown timed out")
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
+	nativeos.Exit(_main(ctx, buildInfo, args, os, osUser, unix, cli))
 }

-var errCommandUnknown = errors.New("command is unknown")
-
-//nolint:gocognit,gocyclo,maintidx
-func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
-	args []string, logger log.LoggerInterface, reader *reader.Reader,
-	tun Tun, netLinker netLinker, cmder RunStarter,
-	cli clier,
-) error {
+//nolint:gocognit,gocyclo
+func _main(background context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
+	args []string, os os.OS, osUser user.OSUser, unix unix.Unix,
+	cli cli.CLI) int {
 	if len(args) > 1 { // cli operation
+		var err error
 		switch args[1] {
 		case "healthcheck":
-			return cli.HealthCheck(ctx, reader, logger)
+			err = cli.HealthCheck(background)
 		case "clientkey":
-			return cli.ClientKey(args[2:])
+			err = cli.ClientKey(args[2:], os.OpenFile)
 		case "openvpnconfig":
-			return cli.OpenvpnConfig(logger, reader, netLinker)
+			err = cli.OpenvpnConfig(os)
 		case "update":
-			return cli.Update(ctx, args[2:], logger)
-		case "format-servers":
-			return cli.FormatServers(args[2:])
-		case "genkey":
-			return cli.GenKey(args[2:])
+			err = cli.Update(args[2:], os)
 		default:
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", errCommandUnknown, args[1])
+			err = fmt.Errorf("command %q is unknown", args[1])
 		}
-	}
-
-	defer fmt.Println(gluetunLogo)
-
-	announcementExp, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, "2024-12-01T00:00:00Z")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	splashSettings := gosplash.Settings{
-		User:         "qdm12",
-		Repository:   "gluetun",
-		Emails:       []string{"quentin.mcgaw@gmail.com"},
-		Version:      buildInfo.Version,
-		Commit:       buildInfo.Commit,
-		Created:      buildInfo.Created,
-		Announcement: "All control server routes will become private by default after the v3.41.0 release",
-		AnnounceExp:  announcementExp,
-		// Sponsor information
-		PaypalUser:    "qmcgaw",
-		GithubSponsor: "qdm12",
-	}
-	for _, line := range gosplash.MakeLines(splashSettings) {
-		fmt.Println(line)
-	}
-
-	var allSettings settings.Settings
-	err = allSettings.Read(reader, logger)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	allSettings.SetDefaults()
-
-	// Note: no need to validate minimal settings for the firewall:
-	// - global log level is parsed below
-	// - firewall Debug and Enabled are booleans parsed from source
-	logLevel, err := log.ParseLevel(allSettings.Log.Level)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("log level: %w", err)
-	}
-	logger.Patch(log.SetLevel(logLevel))
-	netLinker.PatchLoggerLevel(logLevel)
-
-	routingLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("routing"))
-	if *allSettings.Firewall.Debug { // To remove in v4
-		routingLogger.Patch(log.SetLevel(log.LevelDebug))
-	}
-	routingConf := routing.New(netLinker, routingLogger)
-
-	defaultRoutes, err := routingConf.DefaultRoutes()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	localNetworks, err := routingConf.LocalNetworks()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	firewallLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("firewall"))
-	if *allSettings.Firewall.Debug { // To remove in v4
-		firewallLogger.Patch(log.SetLevel(log.LevelDebug))
-	}
-	firewallConf, err := firewall.NewConfig(ctx, firewallLogger, cmder,
-		defaultRoutes, localNetworks)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if *allSettings.Firewall.Enabled {
-		err = firewallConf.SetEnabled(ctx, true)
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			fmt.Println(err)
+			return 1
 		}
+		return 0
 	}
-
-	// TODO run this in a loop or in openvpn to reload from file without restarting
-	storageLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("storage"))
-	storage, err := storage.New(storageLogger, *allSettings.Storage.Filepath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	ipv6Supported, err := netLinker.IsIPv6Supported()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("checking for IPv6 support: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = allSettings.Validate(storage, ipv6Supported, logger)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	allSettings.Pprof.HTTPServer.Logger = logger.New(log.SetComponent("pprof"))
-	pprofServer, err := pprof.New(allSettings.Pprof)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating Pprof server: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	puid, pgid := int(*allSettings.System.PUID), int(*allSettings.System.PGID)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(background)
+	defer cancel()
+	logger := createLogger()

 	const clientTimeout = 15 * time.Second
 	httpClient := &http.Client{Timeout: clientTimeout}
 	// Create configurators
-	alpineConf := alpine.New()
-	ovpnConf := openvpn.New(
-		logger.New(log.SetComponent("openvpn configurator")),
-		cmder, puid, pgid)
+	alpineConf := alpine.NewConfigurator(os.OpenFile, osUser)
+	ovpnConf := openvpn.NewConfigurator(logger, os, unix)
+	dnsConf := dns.NewConfigurator(logger, httpClient, os.OpenFile)
+	routingConf := routing.NewRouting(logger)
+	firewallConf := firewall.NewConfigurator(logger, routingConf, os.OpenFile)
+	streamMerger := command.NewStreamMerger()

-	err = printVersions(ctx, logger, []printVersionElement{
-		{name: "Alpine", getVersion: alpineConf.Version},
-		{name: "OpenVPN 2.5", getVersion: ovpnConf.Version25},
-		{name: "OpenVPN 2.6", getVersion: ovpnConf.Version26},
-		{name: "IPtables", getVersion: firewallConf.Version},
+	paramsReader := params.NewReader(logger, os)
+	fmt.Println(gluetunLogging.Splash(buildInfo))
+
+	printVersions(ctx, logger, map[string]func(ctx context.Context) (string, error){
+		"OpenVPN":  ovpnConf.Version,
+		"Unbound":  dnsConf.Version,
+		"IPtables": firewallConf.Version,
 	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}

+	allSettings, err := settings.GetAllSettings(paramsReader)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Error(err)
+		return 1
+	}
 	logger.Info(allSettings.String())

-	for _, warning := range allSettings.Warnings() {
-		logger.Warn(warning)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll("/tmp/gluetun", 0644); err != nil {
+		logger.Error(err)
+		return 1
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll("/gluetun", 0644); err != nil {
+		logger.Error(err)
+		return 1
 	}

-	const permission = fs.FileMode(0o644)
-	err = os.MkdirAll("/tmp/gluetun", permission)
+	// TODO run this in a loop or in openvpn to reload from file without restarting
+	storage := storage.New(logger, os, constants.ServersData)
+	allServers, err := storage.SyncServers(constants.GetAllServers())
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = os.MkdirAll("/gluetun", permission)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		logger.Error(err)
+		return 1
 	}

+	// Should never change
+	puid, pgid := allSettings.System.PUID, allSettings.System.PGID
+
 	const defaultUsername = "nonrootuser"
 	nonRootUsername, err := alpineConf.CreateUser(defaultUsername, puid)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating user: %w", err)
+		logger.Error(err)
+		return 1
 	}
 	if nonRootUsername != defaultUsername {
-		logger.Info("using existing username " + nonRootUsername + " corresponding to user id " + fmt.Sprint(puid))
+		logger.Info("using existing username %s corresponding to user id %d", nonRootUsername, puid)
 	}
-	allSettings.VPN.OpenVPN.ProcessUser = nonRootUsername
+
+	if err := os.Chown("/etc/unbound", puid, pgid); err != nil {
+		logger.Error(err)
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	if allSettings.Firewall.Debug {
+		firewallConf.SetDebug()
+		routingConf.SetDebug()
+	}
+
+	defaultInterface, defaultGateway, err := routingConf.DefaultRoute()
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Error(err)
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	localSubnet, err := routingConf.LocalSubnet()
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Error(err)
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	defaultIP, err := routingConf.DefaultIP()
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Error(err)
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	firewallConf.SetNetworkInformation(defaultInterface, defaultGateway, localSubnet, defaultIP)

 	if err := routingConf.Setup(); err != nil {
-		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "operation not permitted") {
-			logger.Warn("💡 Tip: Are you passing NET_ADMIN capability to gluetun?")
-		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("setting up routing: %w", err)
+		logger.Error(err)
+		return 1
 	}
 	defer func() {
-		routingLogger.Info("routing cleanup...")
+		routingConf.SetVerbose(false)
 		if err := routingConf.TearDown(); err != nil {
-			routingLogger.Error("cannot teardown routing: " + err.Error())
+			logger.Error(err)
 		}
 	}()

 	if err := firewallConf.SetOutboundSubnets(ctx, allSettings.Firewall.OutboundSubnets); err != nil {
-		return err
+		logger.Error(err)
+		return 1
 	}
 	if err := routingConf.SetOutboundRoutes(allSettings.Firewall.OutboundSubnets); err != nil {
-		return err
+		logger.Error(err)
+		return 1
 	}

-	err = routingConf.AddLocalRules(localNetworks)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("adding local rules: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	const tunDevice = "/dev/net/tun"
-	err = tun.Check(tunDevice)
-	if err != nil {
-		if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("checking TUN device: %w (see the Wiki errors/tun page)", err)
-		}
-		logger.Info(err.Error() + "; creating it...")
-		err = tun.Create(tunDevice)
+	if err := ovpnConf.CheckTUN(); err != nil {
+		logger.Warn(err)
+		err = ovpnConf.CreateTUN()
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("creating tun device: %w", err)
+			logger.Error(err)
+			return 1
+		}
+	}
+
+	tunnelReadyCh, dnsReadyCh := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
+	signalTunnelReady := func() { tunnelReadyCh <- struct{}{} }
+	signalDNSReady := func() { dnsReadyCh <- struct{}{} }
+	defer close(tunnelReadyCh)
+	defer close(dnsReadyCh)
+
+	if allSettings.Firewall.Enabled {
+		err := firewallConf.SetEnabled(ctx, true) // disabled by default
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Error(err)
+			return 1
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, vpnPort := range allSettings.Firewall.VPNInputPorts {
+		err = firewallConf.SetAllowedPort(ctx, vpnPort, string(constants.TUN))
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Error(err)
+			return 1
 		}
 	}

 	for _, port := range allSettings.Firewall.InputPorts {
-		for _, defaultRoute := range defaultRoutes {
-			err = firewallConf.SetAllowedPort(ctx, port, defaultRoute.NetInterface)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
+		err = firewallConf.SetAllowedPort(ctx, port, defaultInterface)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Error(err)
+			return 1
 		}
 	} // TODO move inside firewall?

-	// Shutdown settings
-	const totalShutdownTimeout = 3 * time.Second
-	const defaultShutdownTimeout = 400 * time.Millisecond
-	defaultShutdownOnSuccess := func(goRoutineName string) {
-		logger.Info(goRoutineName + ": terminated ✔️")
-	}
-	defaultShutdownOnFailure := func(goRoutineName string, err error) {
-		logger.Warn(goRoutineName + ": " + err.Error() + " ⚠️")
-	}
-	defaultGroupOptions := []group.Option{
-		group.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout),
-		group.OptionOnSuccess(defaultShutdownOnSuccess),
-	}
+	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}

-	controlGroupHandler := goshutdown.NewGroupHandler("control", defaultGroupOptions...)
-	tickersGroupHandler := goshutdown.NewGroupHandler("tickers", defaultGroupOptions...)
-	otherGroupHandler := goshutdown.NewGroupHandler("other", defaultGroupOptions...)
+	go collectStreamLines(ctx, streamMerger, logger, signalTunnelReady)

-	if *allSettings.Pprof.Enabled {
-		// TODO run in run loop so this can be patched at runtime
-		pprofReady := make(chan struct{})
-		pprofHandler, pprofCtx, pprofDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler("pprof server")
-		go pprofServer.Run(pprofCtx, pprofReady, pprofDone)
-		otherGroupHandler.Add(pprofHandler)
-		<-pprofReady
-	}
+	openvpnLooper := openvpn.NewLooper(allSettings.OpenVPN, nonRootUsername, puid, pgid, allServers,
+		ovpnConf, firewallConf, routingConf, logger, httpClient, os.OpenFile, streamMerger, cancel)
+	wg.Add(1)
+	// wait for restartOpenvpn
+	go openvpnLooper.Run(ctx, wg)

-	portForwardLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("port forwarding"))
-	portForwardLooper := portforward.NewLoop(allSettings.VPN.Provider.PortForwarding,
-		routingConf, httpClient, firewallConf, portForwardLogger, cmder, puid, pgid)
-	portForwardRunError, err := portForwardLooper.Start(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("starting port forwarding loop: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	dnsLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("dns"))
-	dnsLooper, err := dns.NewLoop(allSettings.DNS, httpClient,
-		dnsLogger)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating DNS loop: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	dnsHandler, dnsCtx, dnsDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"dns", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	// wait for dnsLooper.Restart or its ticker launched with RunRestartTicker
-	go dnsLooper.Run(dnsCtx, dnsDone)
-	otherGroupHandler.Add(dnsHandler)
-
-	dnsTickerHandler, dnsTickerCtx, dnsTickerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"dns ticker", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go dnsLooper.RunRestartTicker(dnsTickerCtx, dnsTickerDone)
-	controlGroupHandler.Add(dnsTickerHandler)
-
-	publicIPLooper, err := publicip.NewLoop(allSettings.PublicIP, puid, pgid, httpClient,
-		logger.New(log.SetComponent("ip getter")))
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating public ip loop: %w", err)
-	}
-	publicIPRunError, err := publicIPLooper.Start(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("starting public ip loop: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	healthLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("healthcheck"))
-	healthcheckServer := healthcheck.NewServer(allSettings.Health, healthLogger)
-	healthServerHandler, healthServerCtx, healthServerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"HTTP health server", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go healthcheckServer.Run(healthServerCtx, healthServerDone)
-	healthChecker := healthcheck.NewChecker(healthLogger)
-
-	updaterLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("updater"))
-
-	unzipper := unzip.New(httpClient)
-	parallelResolver := resolver.NewParallelResolver(allSettings.Updater.DNSAddress)
-	openvpnFileExtractor := extract.New()
-	providers := provider.NewProviders(storage, time.Now, updaterLogger,
-		httpClient, unzipper, parallelResolver, publicIPLooper.Fetcher(),
-		openvpnFileExtractor, allSettings.Updater)
-
-	vpnLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("vpn"))
-	vpnLooper := vpn.NewLoop(allSettings.VPN, ipv6Supported, allSettings.Firewall.VPNInputPorts,
-		providers, storage, allSettings.Health, healthChecker, healthcheckServer, ovpnConf, netLinker, firewallConf,
-		routingConf, portForwardLooper, cmder, publicIPLooper, dnsLooper, vpnLogger, httpClient,
-		buildInfo, *allSettings.Version.Enabled)
-	vpnHandler, vpnCtx, vpnDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"vpn", goroutine.OptionTimeout(time.Second))
-	go vpnLooper.Run(vpnCtx, vpnDone)
-
-	updaterLooper := updater.NewLoop(allSettings.Updater,
-		providers, storage, httpClient, updaterLogger)
-	updaterHandler, updaterCtx, updaterDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"updater", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
+	updaterLooper := updater.NewLooper(allSettings.Updater,
+		allServers, storage, openvpnLooper.SetServers, httpClient, logger)
+	wg.Add(1)
 	// wait for updaterLooper.Restart() or its ticket launched with RunRestartTicker
-	go updaterLooper.Run(updaterCtx, updaterDone)
-	tickersGroupHandler.Add(updaterHandler)
+	go updaterLooper.Run(ctx, wg)

-	updaterTickerHandler, updaterTickerCtx, updaterTickerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"updater ticker", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go updaterLooper.RunRestartTicker(updaterTickerCtx, updaterTickerDone)
-	controlGroupHandler.Add(updaterTickerHandler)
+	unboundLooper := dns.NewLooper(dnsConf, allSettings.DNS, logger, streamMerger, nonRootUsername, puid, pgid)
+	wg.Add(1)
+	// wait for unboundLooper.Restart or its ticker launched with RunRestartTicker
+	go unboundLooper.Run(ctx, wg, signalDNSReady)

-	httpProxyLooper := httpproxy.NewLoop(
-		logger.New(log.SetComponent("http proxy")),
-		allSettings.HTTPProxy)
-	httpProxyHandler, httpProxyCtx, httpProxyDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"http proxy", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go httpProxyLooper.Run(httpProxyCtx, httpProxyDone)
-	otherGroupHandler.Add(httpProxyHandler)
+	publicIPLooper := publicip.NewLooper(
+		httpClient, logger, allSettings.PublicIP, puid, pgid, os)
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go publicIPLooper.Run(ctx, wg)
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go publicIPLooper.RunRestartTicker(ctx, wg)

-	shadowsocksLooper := shadowsocks.NewLoop(allSettings.Shadowsocks,
-		logger.New(log.SetComponent("shadowsocks")))
-	shadowsocksHandler, shadowsocksCtx, shadowsocksDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"shadowsocks proxy", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go shadowsocksLooper.Run(shadowsocksCtx, shadowsocksDone)
-	otherGroupHandler.Add(shadowsocksHandler)
+	httpProxyLooper := httpproxy.NewLooper(logger, allSettings.HTTPProxy)
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go httpProxyLooper.Run(ctx, wg)

-	httpServerHandler, httpServerCtx, httpServerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"http server", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	httpServer, err := server.New(httpServerCtx, allSettings.ControlServer,
-		logger.New(log.SetComponent("http server")),
-		buildInfo, vpnLooper, portForwardLooper, dnsLooper, updaterLooper, publicIPLooper,
-		storage, ipv6Supported)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("setting up control server: %w", err)
-	}
-	httpServerReady := make(chan struct{})
-	go httpServer.Run(httpServerCtx, httpServerReady, httpServerDone)
-	<-httpServerReady
-	controlGroupHandler.Add(httpServerHandler)
+	shadowsocksLooper := shadowsocks.NewLooper(allSettings.ShadowSocks, logger)
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go shadowsocksLooper.Run(ctx, wg)

-	orderHandler := goshutdown.NewOrderHandler("gluetun",
-		order.OptionTimeout(totalShutdownTimeout),
-		order.OptionOnSuccess(defaultShutdownOnSuccess),
-		order.OptionOnFailure(defaultShutdownOnFailure))
-	orderHandler.Append(controlGroupHandler, tickersGroupHandler, healthServerHandler,
-		vpnHandler, otherGroupHandler)
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go routeReadyEvents(ctx, wg, buildInfo, tunnelReadyCh, dnsReadyCh,
+		unboundLooper, updaterLooper, publicIPLooper, routingConf, logger, httpClient,
+		allSettings.VersionInformation, allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.PortForwarding.Enabled, openvpnLooper.PortForward,
+	)
+	controlServerAddress := fmt.Sprintf("0.0.0.0:%d", allSettings.ControlServer.Port)
+	controlServerLogging := allSettings.ControlServer.Log
+	httpServer := server.New(controlServerAddress, controlServerLogging,
+		logger, buildInfo, openvpnLooper, unboundLooper, updaterLooper, publicIPLooper)
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go httpServer.Run(ctx, wg)

-	// Start VPN for the first time in a blocking call
-	// until the VPN is launched
-	_, _ = vpnLooper.ApplyStatus(ctx, constants.Running) // TODO option to disable with variable
+	healthcheckServer := healthcheck.NewServer(
+		constants.HealthcheckAddress, logger)
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go healthcheckServer.Run(ctx, wg)

+	// Start openvpn for the first time in a blocking call
+	// until openvpn is launched
+	_, _ = openvpnLooper.SetStatus(constants.Running) // TODO option to disable with variable
+
+	signalsCh := make(chan nativeos.Signal, 1)
+	signal.Notify(signalsCh,
+		syscall.SIGINT,
+		syscall.SIGTERM,
+		nativeos.Interrupt,
+	)
+	shutdownErrorsCount := 0
 	select {
+	case signal := <-signalsCh:
+		logger.Warn("Caught OS signal %s, shutting down", signal)
+		cancel()
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		stoppers := []interface {
-			String() string
-			Stop() error
-		}{
-			portForwardLooper, publicIPLooper,
-		}
-		for _, stopper := range stoppers {
-			err := stopper.Stop()
-			if err != nil {
-				logger.Error(fmt.Sprintf("stopping %s: %s", stopper, err))
-			}
-		}
-	case err := <-portForwardRunError:
-		logger.Errorf("port forwarding loop crashed: %s", err)
-	case err := <-publicIPRunError:
-		logger.Errorf("public IP loop crashed: %s", err)
+		logger.Warn("context canceled, shutting down")
 	}
-
-	return orderHandler.Shutdown(context.Background())
+	if allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.PortForwarding.Enabled {
+		logger.Info("Clearing forwarded port status file %s", allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.PortForwarding.Filepath)
+		if err := os.Remove(string(allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.PortForwarding.Filepath)); err != nil {
+			logger.Error(err)
+			shutdownErrorsCount++
+		}
+	}
+	const shutdownGracePeriod = 5 * time.Second
+	waiting, waited := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), shutdownGracePeriod)
+	go func() {
+		defer waited()
+		wg.Wait()
+	}()
+	<-waiting.Done()
+	if waiting.Err() == context.DeadlineExceeded {
+		if shutdownErrorsCount > 0 {
+			logger.Warn("Shutdown had %d errors", shutdownErrorsCount)
+		}
+		logger.Warn("Shutdown timed out")
+		return 1
+	}
+	if shutdownErrorsCount > 0 {
+		logger.Warn("Shutdown had %d errors")
+		return 1
+	}
+	logger.Info("Shutdown successful")
+	return 0
 }

-type printVersionElement struct {
-	name       string
-	getVersion func(ctx context.Context) (version string, err error)
+func createLogger() logging.Logger {
+	logger, err := logging.NewLogger(logging.ConsoleEncoding, logging.InfoLevel)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return logger
 }

-type infoer interface {
-	Info(s string)
-}
-
-func printVersions(ctx context.Context, logger infoer,
-	elements []printVersionElement,
-) (err error) {
+func printVersions(ctx context.Context, logger logging.Logger,
+	versionFunctions map[string]func(ctx context.Context) (string, error)) {
 	const timeout = 5 * time.Second
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
 	defer cancel()
-
-	for _, element := range elements {
-		version, err := element.getVersion(ctx)
+	for name, f := range versionFunctions {
+		version, err := f(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("getting %s version: %w", element.name, err)
+			logger.Error(err)
+		} else {
+			logger.Info("%s version: %s", name, version)
 		}
-		logger.Info(element.name + " version: " + version)
 	}
-
-	return nil
 }

-type netLinker interface {
-	Addresser
-	Router
-	Ruler
-	Linker
-	IsWireguardSupported() (ok bool, err error)
-	IsIPv6Supported() (ok bool, err error)
-	PatchLoggerLevel(level log.Level)
+//nolint:lll
+func collectStreamLines(ctx context.Context, streamMerger command.StreamMerger,
+	logger logging.Logger, signalTunnelReady func()) {
+	// Blocking line merging paramsReader for openvpn and unbound
+	logger.Info("Launching standard output merger")
+	streamMerger.CollectLines(ctx, func(line string) {
+		line, level := gluetunLogging.PostProcessLine(line)
+		if line == "" {
+			return
+		}
+		switch level {
+		case logging.DebugLevel:
+			logger.Debug(line)
+		case logging.InfoLevel:
+			logger.Info(line)
+		case logging.WarnLevel:
+			logger.Warn(line)
+		case logging.ErrorLevel:
+			logger.Error(line)
+		}
+		switch {
+		case strings.Contains(line, "Initialization Sequence Completed"):
+			signalTunnelReady()
+		case strings.Contains(line, "TLS Error: TLS key negotiation failed to occur within 60 seconds (check your network connectivity)"):
+			logger.Warn("This means that either...")
+			logger.Warn("1. The VPN server IP address you are trying to connect to is no longer valid, see https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Update-servers-information")
+			logger.Warn("2. The VPN server crashed, try changing region")
+			logger.Warn("3. Your Internet connection is not working, ensure it works")
+			logger.Warn("Feel free to create an issue at https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues/new/choose")
+		}
+	}, func(err error) {
+		logger.Warn(err)
+	})
 }

-type Addresser interface {
-	AddrList(link netlink.Link, family int) (
-		addresses []netlink.Addr, err error)
-	AddrReplace(link netlink.Link, addr netlink.Addr) error
+func routeReadyEvents(ctx context.Context, wg *sync.WaitGroup, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
+	tunnelReadyCh, dnsReadyCh <-chan struct{},
+	unboundLooper dns.Looper, updaterLooper updater.Looper, publicIPLooper publicip.Looper,
+	routing routing.Routing, logger logging.Logger, httpClient *http.Client,
+	versionInformation, portForwardingEnabled bool, startPortForward func(vpnGateway net.IP)) {
+	defer wg.Done()
+	tickerWg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
+	// for linters only
+	var restartTickerContext context.Context
+	var restartTickerCancel context.CancelFunc = func() {}
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			restartTickerCancel() // for linters only
+			tickerWg.Wait()
+			return
+		case <-tunnelReadyCh: // blocks until openvpn is connected
+			if unboundLooper.GetSettings().Enabled {
+				_, _ = unboundLooper.SetStatus(constants.Running)
+			}
+			restartTickerCancel() // stop previous restart tickers
+			tickerWg.Wait()
+			restartTickerContext, restartTickerCancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+			tickerWg.Add(2) //nolint:gomnd
+			go unboundLooper.RunRestartTicker(restartTickerContext, tickerWg)
+			go updaterLooper.RunRestartTicker(restartTickerContext, tickerWg)
+			vpnDestination, err := routing.VPNDestinationIP()
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.Warn(err)
+			} else {
+				logger.Info("VPN routing IP address: %s", vpnDestination)
+			}
+			if portForwardingEnabled {
+				// vpnGateway required only for PIA
+				vpnGateway, err := routing.VPNLocalGatewayIP()
+				if err != nil {
+					logger.Error(err)
+				}
+				logger.Info("VPN gateway IP address: %s", vpnGateway)
+				startPortForward(vpnGateway)
+			}
+		case <-dnsReadyCh:
+			// Runs the Public IP getter job once
+			_, _ = publicIPLooper.SetStatus(constants.Running)
+			if !versionInformation {
+				break
+			}
+			message, err := versionpkg.GetMessage(ctx, buildInfo, httpClient)
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.Error(err)
+				break
+			}
+			logger.Info(message)
+		}
+	}
 }
-
-type Router interface {
-	RouteList(family int) (routes []netlink.Route, err error)
-	RouteAdd(route netlink.Route) error
-	RouteDel(route netlink.Route) error
-	RouteReplace(route netlink.Route) error
-}
-
-type Ruler interface {
-	RuleList(family int) (rules []netlink.Rule, err error)
-	RuleAdd(rule netlink.Rule) error
-	RuleDel(rule netlink.Rule) error
-}
-
-type Linker interface {
-	LinkList() (links []netlink.Link, err error)
-	LinkByName(name string) (link netlink.Link, err error)
-	LinkByIndex(index int) (link netlink.Link, err error)
-	LinkAdd(link netlink.Link) (linkIndex int, err error)
-	LinkDel(link netlink.Link) (err error)
-	LinkSetUp(link netlink.Link) (linkIndex int, err error)
-	LinkSetDown(link netlink.Link) (err error)
-}
-
-type clier interface {
-	ClientKey(args []string) error
-	FormatServers(args []string) error
-	OpenvpnConfig(logger cli.OpenvpnConfigLogger, reader *reader.Reader, ipv6Checker cli.IPv6Checker) error
-	HealthCheck(ctx context.Context, reader *reader.Reader, warner cli.Warner) error
-	Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, logger cli.UpdaterLogger) error
-	GenKey(args []string) error
-}
-
-type Tun interface {
-	Check(tunDevice string) error
-	Create(tunDevice string) error
-}
-
-type RunStarter interface {
-	Run(cmd *exec.Cmd) (output string, err error)
-	Start(cmd *exec.Cmd) (stdoutLines, stderrLines <-chan string,
-		waitError <-chan error, err error)
-}
-
-const gluetunLogo = `                         @@@
-                         @@@@
-                        @@@@@@
-                       @@@@.@@                       @@@@@@@@@@
-                       @@@@.@@@                   @@@@@@@@==@@@@
-                      @@@.@..@@                @@@@@@@=@..==@@@@
-            @@@@      @@@.@@.@@              @@@@@@===@@@@.=@@@
-           @...-@@   @@@@.@@.@@@  @@@     @@@@@@=======@@@=@@@@
-           @@@@@@@@  @@@.-%@.+@@@@@@@@  @@@@@%============@@@@
-                     @@@.--@..@@@@.-@@@@@@@==============@@@@
-              @@@@  @@@-@--@@.@@.---@@@@@==============#@@@@@
-              @@@   @@@.@@-@@.@@--@@@@@===============@@@@@@
-                   @@@@.@--@@@@@@@@@@================@@@@@@@
-                   @@@..--@@*@@@@@@================@@@@+*@@
-                   @@@.---@@.@@@@=================@@@@--@@
-                  @@@-.---@@@@@@================@@@@*--@@@
-                  @@@.:-#@@@@@@===============*@@@@.---@@
-                  @@@.-------.@@@============@@@@@@.--@@@
-                 @@@..--------:@@@=========@@@@@@@@.--@@@
-                 @@@.-@@@@@@@@@@@========@@@@@  @@@.--@@
-                 @@.@@@@===============@@@@@ @@@@@@---@@@@@@
-                @@@@@@@==============@@@@@@@@@@@@*@---@@@@@@@@
-                @@@@@@=============@@@@@ @@@...------------.*@@@
-                @@@@%===========@@@@@@ @@@..------@@@@.-----.-@@@
-                @@@@@@.=======@@@@@@  @@@.-------@@@@@@-.------=@@
-               @@@@@@@@@===@@@@@@     @@.------@@@@   @@@@.-----@@@
-               @@@==@@@=@@@@@@@      @@@.-@@@@@@@       @@@@@@@--@@
-               @@@@@@@@@@@@@         @@@@@@@@                @@@@@@@
-                @@@@@@@@             @@@@                       @@@@
-                                                                       `
--- a/doc/paypal.jpg
+++ b/doc/paypal.jpg
--- a/doc/sponsors.jpg
+++ b/doc/sponsors.jpg
--- a/doc/windscribe.jpg
+++ b/doc/windscribe.jpg
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+version: "3.7"
+services:
+  gluetun:
+    image: qmcgaw/gluetun
+    container_name: gluetun
+    cap_add:
+      - NET_ADMIN
+    network_mode: bridge
+    ports:
+      - 8888:8888/tcp # HTTP proxy
+      - 8388:8388/tcp # Shadowsocks
+      - 8388:8388/udp # Shadowsocks
+      - 8000:8000/tcp # Built-in HTTP control server
+    # command:
+    volumes:
+      - /yourpath:/gluetun
+    secrets:
+      - openvpn_user
+      - openvpn_password
+    environment:
+      # More variables are available, see the readme table
+      - VPNSP=private internet access
+      # Timezone for accurate logs times
+      - TZ=
+    restart: always
+
+secrets:
+  openvpn_user:
+    file: ./openvpn_user
+  openvpn_password:
+    file: ./openvpn_password
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,69 +1,14 @@
 module github.com/qdm12/gluetun

-go 1.25.0
+go 1.15

 require (
-	github.com/ProtonMail/go-srp v0.0.7
-	github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.3.3
-	github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0
-	github.com/golang/mock v1.6.0
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.1
-	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.6
-	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4
-	github.com/qdm12/dns/v2 v2.0.0-rc9.0.20251123213823-54e987293e88
-	github.com/qdm12/gosettings v0.4.4
-	github.com/qdm12/goshutdown v0.3.0
-	github.com/qdm12/gosplash v0.2.0
-	github.com/qdm12/gotree v0.3.0
-	github.com/qdm12/log v0.1.0
-	github.com/qdm12/ss-server v0.6.0
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
-	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.15
-	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1
-	github.com/youmark/pkcs8 v0.0.0-20201027041543-1326539a0a0a
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20241009180824-f66d83c29e7c
-	golang.org/x/net v0.47.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.31.0
-	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173
-	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6
-	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0
-)
-
-require (
-	github.com/ProtonMail/bcrypt v0.0.0-20211005172633-e235017c1baf // indirect
-	github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v1.3.0-proton // indirect
-	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/cronokirby/saferith v0.33.0 // indirect
-	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/josharian/native v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
-	github.com/mdlayher/genetlink v1.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.7.2 // indirect
-	github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.4.1 // indirect
-	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.62 // indirect
-	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
-	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
-	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.5 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.60.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
-	github.com/qdm12/goservices v0.1.1-0.20251104135713-6bee97bd4978 // indirect
-	github.com/riobard/go-bloom v0.0.0-20200614022211-cdc8013cb5b3 // indirect
-	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.45.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.29.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.3.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.38.0 // indirect
-	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.35.1 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/libcap/cap v1.2.70 // indirect
-	kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/libcap/psx v1.2.70 // indirect
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.10.0
+	github.com/golang/mock v1.4.4
+	github.com/kyokomi/emoji v2.2.4+incompatible
+	github.com/qdm12/golibs v0.0.0-20210102015428-6e1d159e61a3
+	github.com/qdm12/ss-server v0.1.0
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1
+	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.1.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201223074533-0d417f636930
 )
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,192 +1,149 @@
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 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
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-golang.org/x/text v0.31.0/go.mod h1:tKRAlv61yKIjGGHX/4tP1LTbc13YSec1pxVEWXzfoeM=
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-golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.38.0 h1:Hx2Xv8hISq8Lm16jvBZ2VQf+RLmbd7wVUsALibYI/IQ=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.38.0/go.mod h1:yEsQ/d/YK8cjh0L6rZlY8tgtlKiBNTL14pGDJPJpYQs=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190311212946-11955173bddd/go.mod h1:LCzVGOaR6xXOjkQ3onu1FJEFr0SW1gC7cKk1uF8kGRs=
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 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 h1:B82qJJgjvYKsXS9jeunTOisW56dUokqW/FOteYJJ/yg=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2/go.mod h1:deeaetjYA+DHMHg+sMSMI58GrEteJUUzzw7en6TJQcI=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173 h1:/jFs0duh4rdb8uIfPMv78iAJGcPKDeqAFnaLBropIC4=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173/go.mod h1:tkCQ4FQXmpAgYVh++1cq16/dH4QJtmvpRv19DWGAHSA=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6 h1:CawjfCvYQH2OU3/TnxLx97WDSUDRABfT18pCOYwc2GE=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6/go.mod h1:3rxYc4HtVcSG9gVaTs2GEBdehh+sYPOwKtyUWEOTb80=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.35.1 h1:m3LfL6/Ca+fqnjnlqQXNpFPABW1UD7mjh8KO2mKFytA=
-google.golang.org/protobuf v1.35.1/go.mod h1:9fA7Ob0pmnwhb644+1+CVWFRbNajQ6iRojtC/QF5bRE=
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-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
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-kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/libcap/cap v1.2.70 h1:QnLPkuDWWbD5C+3DUA2IUXai5TK6w2zff+MAGccqdsw=
-kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/libcap/cap v1.2.70/go.mod h1:/iBwcj9nbLejQitYvUm9caurITQ6WyNHibJk6Q9fiS4=
-kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/libcap/psx v1.2.70 h1:HsB2G/rEQiYyo1bGoQqHZ/Bvd6x1rERQTNdPr1FyWjI=
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+honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2019.2.3 h1:3JgtbtFHMiCmsznwGVTUWbgGov+pVqnlf1dEJTNAXeM=
+honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2019.2.3/go.mod h1:a3bituU0lyd329TUQxRnasdCoJDkEUEAqEt0JzvZhAg=
+rsc.io/quote/v3 v3.1.0/go.mod h1:yEA65RcK8LyAZtP9Kv3t0HmxON59tX3rD+tICJqUlj0=
+rsc.io/sampler v1.3.0/go.mod h1:T1hPZKmBbMNahiBKFy5HrXp6adAjACjK9JXDnKaTXpA=
--- a/internal/alpine/alpine.go
+++ b/internal/alpine/alpine.go
@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
 package alpine

 import (
-	"os/user"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os/user"
 )

-type Alpine struct {
-	alpineReleasePath string
-	passwdPath        string
-	lookupID          func(uid string) (*user.User, error)
-	lookup            func(username string) (*user.User, error)
+type Configurator interface {
+	CreateUser(username string, uid int) (createdUsername string, err error)
 }

-func New() *Alpine {
-	return &Alpine{
-		alpineReleasePath: "/etc/alpine-release",
-		passwdPath:        "/etc/passwd",
-		lookupID:          user.LookupId,
-		lookup:            user.Lookup,
+type configurator struct {
+	openFile os.OpenFileFunc
+	osUser   user.OSUser
+}
+
+func NewConfigurator(openFile os.OpenFileFunc, osUser user.OSUser) Configurator {
+	return &configurator{
+		openFile: openFile,
+		osUser:   osUser,
 	}
 }
--- a/internal/alpine/users.go
+++ b/internal/alpine/users.go
@@ -1,47 +1,35 @@
 package alpine

 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"os/user"
-	"strconv"
 )

-var ErrUserAlreadyExists = errors.New("user already exists")
-
 // CreateUser creates a user in Alpine with the given UID.
-func (a *Alpine) CreateUser(username string, uid int) (createdUsername string, err error) {
-	UIDStr := strconv.Itoa(uid)
-	u, err := a.lookupID(UIDStr)
+func (c *configurator) CreateUser(username string, uid int) (createdUsername string, err error) {
+	UIDStr := fmt.Sprintf("%d", uid)
+	u, err := c.osUser.LookupID(UIDStr)
 	_, unknownUID := err.(user.UnknownUserIdError)
 	if err != nil && !unknownUID {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	if u != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("cannot create user: %w", err)
+	} else if u != nil {
 		if u.Username == username {
 			return "", nil
 		}
 		return u.Username, nil
 	}
-
-	u, err = a.lookup(username)
+	u, err = c.osUser.Lookup(username)
 	_, unknownUsername := err.(user.UnknownUserError)
 	if err != nil && !unknownUsername {
-		return "", err
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("cannot create user: %w", err)
+	} else if u != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("cannot create user: user with name %s already exists for ID %s instead of %d",
+			username, u.Uid, uid)
 	}
-
-	if u != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: with name %s for ID %s instead of %d",
-			ErrUserAlreadyExists, username, u.Uid, uid)
-	}
-
-	const permission = fs.FileMode(0o644)
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(a.passwdPath, os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY, permission)
+	file, err := c.openFile("/etc/passwd", os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("cannot create user: %w", err)
 	}
 	s := fmt.Sprintf("%s:x:%d:::/dev/null:/sbin/nologin\n", username, uid)
 	_, err = file.WriteString(s)
@@ -49,6 +37,5 @@ func (a *Alpine) CreateUser(username string, uid int) (createdUsername string, e
 		_ = file.Close()
 		return "", err
 	}
-
 	return username, file.Close()
 }
--- a/internal/alpine/version.go
+++ b/internal/alpine/version.go
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-package alpine
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-func (a *Alpine) Version(context.Context) (version string, err error) {
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(a.alpineReleasePath, os.O_RDONLY, 0)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	b, err := io.ReadAll(file)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	if err := file.Close(); err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	version = strings.ReplaceAll(string(b), "\n", "")
-	return version, nil
-}
--- a/internal/cli/ci.go
+++ b/internal/cli/ci.go
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import "context"
-
-func (c *CLI) CI(context.Context) error {
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/cli/cli.go
+++ b/internal/cli/cli.go
@@ -1,11 +1,20 @@
 package cli

-type CLI struct {
-	repoServersPath string
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os"
+)
+
+type CLI interface {
+	ClientKey(args []string, openFile os.OpenFileFunc) error
+	HealthCheck(ctx context.Context) error
+	OpenvpnConfig(os os.OS) error
+	Update(args []string, os os.OS) error
 }

-func New() *CLI {
-	return &CLI{
-		repoServersPath: "./internal/storage/servers.json",
-	}
+type cli struct{}
+
+func New() CLI {
+	return &cli{}
 }
--- a/internal/cli/clientkey.go
+++ b/internal/cli/clientkey.go
@@ -3,23 +3,24 @@ package cli
 import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"os"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os"
 )

-func (c *CLI) ClientKey(args []string) error {
+func (c *cli) ClientKey(args []string, openFile os.OpenFileFunc) error {
 	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("clientkey", flag.ExitOnError)
-	const openVPNClientKeyPath = "/gluetun/client.key" // TODO deduplicate?
-	filepath := flagSet.String("path", openVPNClientKeyPath, "file path to the client.key file")
+	filepath := flagSet.String("path", string(constants.ClientKey), "file path to the client.key file")
 	if err := flagSet.Parse(args); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(*filepath, os.O_RDONLY, 0)
+	file, err := openFile(*filepath, os.O_RDONLY, 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	data, err := io.ReadAll(file)
+	data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(file)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = file.Close()
 		return err
@@ -27,6 +28,9 @@ func (c *CLI) ClientKey(args []string) error {
 	if err := file.Close(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	s := string(data)
 	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\n", "")
 	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\r", "")
--- a/internal/cli/formatservers.go
+++ b/internal/cli/formatservers.go
@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"io/fs"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/providers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/storage"
-	"golang.org/x/text/cases"
-	"golang.org/x/text/language"
-)
-
-var (
-	ErrProviderUnspecified       = errors.New("VPN provider to format was not specified")
-	ErrMultipleProvidersToFormat = errors.New("more than one VPN provider to format were specified")
-)
-
-func addProviderFlag(flagSet *flag.FlagSet, providerToFormat map[string]*bool,
-	provider string, titleCaser cases.Caser,
-) {
-	boolPtr, ok := providerToFormat[provider]
-	if !ok {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("unknown provider in format map: %s", provider))
-	}
-	flagSet.BoolVar(boolPtr, provider, false, "Format "+titleCaser.String(provider)+" servers")
-}
-
-func (c *CLI) FormatServers(args []string) error {
-	var format, output string
-	allProviders := providers.All()
-	allProviderFlags := make([]string, len(allProviders))
-	for i, provider := range allProviders {
-		allProviderFlags[i] = strings.ReplaceAll(provider, " ", "-")
-	}
-
-	providersToFormat := make(map[string]*bool, len(allProviders))
-	for _, provider := range allProviderFlags {
-		providersToFormat[provider] = new(bool)
-	}
-	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("format-servers", flag.ExitOnError)
-	flagSet.StringVar(&format, "format", "markdown", "Format to use which can be: 'markdown' or 'json'")
-	flagSet.StringVar(&output, "output", "/dev/stdout", "Output file to write the formatted data to")
-	titleCaser := cases.Title(language.English)
-	for _, provider := range allProviderFlags {
-		addProviderFlag(flagSet, providersToFormat, provider, titleCaser)
-	}
-	if err := flagSet.Parse(args); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Note the format is validated by storage.Format
-
-	// Verify only one provider is set to be formatted.
-	var providers []string
-	for provider, formatPtr := range providersToFormat {
-		if *formatPtr {
-			providers = append(providers, provider)
-		}
-	}
-	switch len(providers) {
-	case 0:
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrProviderUnspecified)
-	case 1:
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d specified: %s",
-			ErrMultipleProvidersToFormat, len(providers),
-			strings.Join(providers, ", "))
-	}
-
-	var providerToFormat string
-	for _, providerToFormat = range allProviders {
-		if strings.ReplaceAll(providerToFormat, " ", "-") == providers[0] {
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	logger := newNoopLogger()
-	storage, err := storage.New(logger, constants.ServersData)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating servers storage: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	formatted, err := storage.Format(providerToFormat, format)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("formatting servers: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	output = filepath.Clean(output)
-	const permission = fs.FileMode(0o644)
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(output, os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE, permission)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("opening output file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	_, err = fmt.Fprint(file, formatted)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = file.Close()
-		return fmt.Errorf("writing to output file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = file.Close()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("closing output file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/cli/genkey.go
+++ b/internal/cli/genkey.go
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-)
-
-func (c *CLI) GenKey(args []string) (err error) {
-	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("genkey", flag.ExitOnError)
-	err = flagSet.Parse(args)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("parsing flags: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	const keyLength = 128 / 8
-	keyBytes := make([]byte, keyLength)
-
-	_, _ = rand.Read(keyBytes)
-
-	key := base58Encode(keyBytes)
-	fmt.Println(key)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func base58Encode(data []byte) string {
-	const alphabet = "123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-	const radix = 58
-
-	zcount := 0
-	for zcount < len(data) && data[zcount] == 0 {
-		zcount++
-	}
-
-	// integer simplification of ceil(log(256)/log(58))
-	ceilLog256Div58 := (len(data)-zcount)*555/406 + 1 //nolint:mnd
-	size := zcount + ceilLog256Div58
-
-	output := make([]byte, size)
-
-	high := size - 1
-	for _, b := range data {
-		i := size - 1
-		for carry := uint32(b); i > high || carry != 0; i-- {
-			carry += 256 * uint32(output[i]) //nolint:mnd
-			output[i] = byte(carry % radix)
-			carry /= radix
-		}
-		high = i
-	}
-
-	// Determine the additional "zero-gap" in the output buffer
-	additionalZeroGapEnd := zcount
-	for additionalZeroGapEnd < size && output[additionalZeroGapEnd] == 0 {
-		additionalZeroGapEnd++
-	}
-
-	val := output[additionalZeroGapEnd-zcount:]
-	size = len(val)
-	for i := range val {
-		output[i] = alphabet[val[i]]
-	}
-
-	return string(output[:size])
-}
--- a/internal/cli/healthcheck.go
+++ b/internal/cli/healthcheck.go
@@ -2,41 +2,19 @@ package cli

 import (
 	"context"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/healthcheck"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
 )

-func (c *CLI) HealthCheck(ctx context.Context, reader *reader.Reader, _ Warner) (err error) {
-	// Extract the health server port from the configuration.
-	var config settings.Health
-	err = config.Read(reader)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	config.SetDefaults()
-
-	err = config.Validate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	_, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(config.ServerAddress)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
+func (c *cli) HealthCheck(ctx context.Context) error {
 	const timeout = 10 * time.Second
 	httpClient := &http.Client{Timeout: timeout}
-	client := healthcheck.NewClient(httpClient)
+	healthchecker := healthcheck.NewChecker(httpClient)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
 	defer cancel()
-
-	url := "http://127.0.0.1:" + port
-	return client.Check(ctx, url)
+	const url = "http://" + constants.HealthcheckAddress
+	return healthchecker.Check(ctx, url)
 }
--- a/internal/cli/interfaces.go
+++ b/internal/cli/interfaces.go
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import "github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings"
-
-type Source interface {
-	Read() (settings settings.Settings, err error)
-	ReadHealth() (health settings.Health, err error)
-	String() string
-}
--- a/internal/cli/nooplogger.go
+++ b/internal/cli/nooplogger.go
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-type noopLogger struct{}
-
-func newNoopLogger() *noopLogger {
-	return new(noopLogger)
-}
-
-func (l *noopLogger) Info(string) {}
-func (l *noopLogger) Warn(string) {}
--- a/internal/cli/openvpnconfig.go
+++ b/internal/cli/openvpnconfig.go
@@ -1,92 +1,48 @@
 package cli

 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/netip"
 	"strings"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/openvpn/extract"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/params"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/settings"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/storage"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater/resolver"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os"
 )

-type OpenvpnConfigLogger interface {
-	Info(s string)
-	Warn(s string)
-}
-
-type Unzipper interface {
-	FetchAndExtract(ctx context.Context, url string) (
-		contents map[string][]byte, err error)
-}
-
-type ParallelResolver interface {
-	Resolve(ctx context.Context, settings resolver.ParallelSettings) (
-		hostToIPs map[string][]netip.Addr, warnings []string, err error)
-}
-
-type IPFetcher interface {
-	String() string
-	CanFetchAnyIP() bool
-	FetchInfo(ctx context.Context, ip netip.Addr) (data models.PublicIP, err error)
-}
-
-type IPv6Checker interface {
-	IsIPv6Supported() (supported bool, err error)
-}
-
-func (c *CLI) OpenvpnConfig(logger OpenvpnConfigLogger, reader *reader.Reader,
-	ipv6Checker IPv6Checker,
-) error {
-	storage, err := storage.New(logger, constants.ServersData)
+func (c *cli) OpenvpnConfig(os os.OS) error {
+	logger, err := logging.NewLogger(logging.ConsoleEncoding, logging.InfoLevel)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	var allSettings settings.Settings
-	err = allSettings.Read(reader, logger)
+	paramsReader := params.NewReader(logger, os)
+	allSettings, err := settings.GetAllSettings(paramsReader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	allSettings.SetDefaults()
-
-	ipv6Supported, err := ipv6Checker.IsIPv6Supported()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("checking for IPv6 support: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err = allSettings.Validate(storage, ipv6Supported, logger); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("validating settings: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Unused by this CLI command
-	unzipper := (Unzipper)(nil)
-	client := (*http.Client)(nil)
-	warner := (Warner)(nil)
-	parallelResolver := (ParallelResolver)(nil)
-	ipFetcher := (IPFetcher)(nil)
-	openvpnFileExtractor := extract.New()
-
-	providers := provider.NewProviders(storage, time.Now, warner, client,
-		unzipper, parallelResolver, ipFetcher, openvpnFileExtractor, allSettings.Updater)
-	providerConf := providers.Get(allSettings.VPN.Provider.Name)
-	connection, err := providerConf.GetConnection(
-		allSettings.VPN.Provider.ServerSelection, ipv6Supported)
+	allServers, err := storage.New(logger, os, constants.ServersData).
+		SyncServers(constants.GetAllServers())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	lines := providerConf.OpenVPNConfig(connection,
-		allSettings.VPN.OpenVPN, ipv6Supported)
-
+	providerConf := provider.New(allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.Name, allServers, time.Now)
+	connection, err := providerConf.GetOpenVPNConnection(allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.ServerSelection)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	lines := providerConf.BuildConf(
+		connection,
+		allSettings.OpenVPN.Verbosity,
+		"nonroortuser",
+		allSettings.OpenVPN.Root,
+		allSettings.OpenVPN.Cipher,
+		allSettings.OpenVPN.Auth,
+		allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.ExtraConfigOptions,
+	)
 	fmt.Println(strings.Join(lines, "\n"))
 	return nil
 }
--- a/internal/cli/update.go
+++ b/internal/cli/update.go
@@ -2,131 +2,61 @@ package cli

 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/providers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/openvpn/extract"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/publicip/api"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/settings"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/storage"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater/resolver"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater/unzip"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os"
 )

-var (
-	ErrModeUnspecified     = errors.New("at least one of -enduser or -maintainer must be specified")
-	ErrNoProviderSpecified = errors.New("no provider was specified")
-	ErrUsernameMissing     = errors.New("username is required for this provider")
-	ErrPasswordMissing     = errors.New("password is required for this provider")
-)
-
-type UpdaterLogger interface {
-	Info(s string)
-	Warn(s string)
-	Error(s string)
-}
-
-func (c *CLI) Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, logger UpdaterLogger) error {
-	options := settings.Updater{}
-	var endUserMode, maintainerMode, updateAll bool
-	var csvProviders, ipToken, protonUsername, protonEmail, protonPassword string
+func (c *cli) Update(args []string, os os.OS) error {
+	options := settings.Updater{CLI: true}
+	var flushToFile bool
 	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("update", flag.ExitOnError)
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&endUserMode, "enduser", false, "Write results to /gluetun/servers.json (for end users)")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&maintainerMode, "maintainer", false,
-		"Write results to ./internal/storage/servers.json to modify the program (for maintainers)")
-	flagSet.StringVar(&options.DNSAddress, "dns", "8.8.8.8", "DNS resolver address to use")
-	const defaultMinRatio = 0.8
-	flagSet.Float64Var(&options.MinRatio, "minratio", defaultMinRatio,
-		"Minimum ratio of servers to find for the update to succeed")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&updateAll, "all", false, "Update servers for all VPN providers")
-	flagSet.StringVar(&csvProviders, "providers", "", "CSV string of VPN providers to update server data for")
-	flagSet.StringVar(&ipToken, "ip-token", "", "IP data service token (e.g. ipinfo.io) to use")
-	flagSet.StringVar(&protonUsername, "proton-username", "",
-		"(Retro-compatibility) Username to use to authenticate with Proton. Use -proton-email instead.") // v4 remove this
-	flagSet.StringVar(&protonEmail, "proton-email", "", "Email to use to authenticate with Proton")
-	flagSet.StringVar(&protonPassword, "proton-password", "", "Password to use to authenticate with Proton")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&flushToFile, "file", false, "Write results to /gluetun/servers.json (for end users)")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Stdout, "stdout", false, "Write results to console to modify the program (for maintainers)")
+	flagSet.StringVar(&options.DNSAddress, "dns", "1.1.1.1", "DNS resolver address to use")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Cyberghost, "cyberghost", false, "Update Cyberghost servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Mullvad, "mullvad", false, "Update Mullvad servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Nordvpn, "nordvpn", false, "Update Nordvpn servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.PIA, "pia", false, "Update Private Internet Access post-summer 2020 servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Privado, "privado", false, "Update Privado servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Purevpn, "purevpn", false, "Update Purevpn servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Surfshark, "surfshark", false, "Update Surfshark servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Vyprvpn, "vyprvpn", false, "Update Vyprvpn servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Windscribe, "windscribe", false, "Update Windscribe servers")
 	if err := flagSet.Parse(args); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	if !endUserMode && !maintainerMode {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrModeUnspecified)
-	}
-
-	if updateAll {
-		options.Providers = providers.All()
-	} else {
-		if csvProviders == "" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrNoProviderSpecified)
-		}
-		options.Providers = strings.Split(csvProviders, ",")
-	}
-
-	if slices.Contains(options.Providers, providers.Protonvpn) {
-		if protonEmail == "" && protonUsername != "" {
-			protonEmail = protonUsername + "@protonmail.com"
-			logger.Warn("use -proton-email instead of -proton-username in the future. " +
-				"This assumes the email is " + protonEmail + " and may not work.")
-		}
-		options.ProtonEmail = &protonEmail
-		options.ProtonPassword = &protonPassword
-	}
-
-	options.SetDefaults(options.Providers[0])
-
-	err := options.Validate()
+	logger, err := logging.NewLogger(logging.ConsoleEncoding, logging.InfoLevel)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("options validation failed: %w", err)
+		return err
 	}
-
-	serversDataPath := constants.ServersData
-	if maintainerMode {
-		serversDataPath = ""
+	if !flushToFile && !options.Stdout {
+		return fmt.Errorf("at least one of -file or -stdout must be specified")
 	}
-	storage, err := storage.New(logger, serversDataPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating servers storage: %w", err)
-	}
-
+	ctx := context.Background()
 	const clientTimeout = 10 * time.Second
 	httpClient := &http.Client{Timeout: clientTimeout}
-	unzipper := unzip.New(httpClient)
-	parallelResolver := resolver.NewParallelResolver(options.DNSAddress)
-	nameTokenPairs := []api.NameToken{
-		{Name: string(api.IPInfo), Token: ipToken},
-		{Name: string(api.IP2Location)},
-		{Name: string(api.IfConfigCo)},
-	}
-	fetchers, err := api.New(nameTokenPairs, httpClient)
+	storage := storage.New(logger, os, constants.ServersData)
+	currentServers, err := storage.SyncServers(constants.GetAllServers())
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating public IP fetchers: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot update servers: %w", err)
 	}
-	ipFetcher := api.NewResilient(fetchers, logger)
-
-	openvpnFileExtractor := extract.New()
-
-	providers := provider.NewProviders(storage, time.Now, logger, httpClient,
-		unzipper, parallelResolver, ipFetcher, openvpnFileExtractor, options)
-
-	updater := updater.New(httpClient, storage, providers, logger)
-	err = updater.UpdateServers(ctx, options.Providers, options.MinRatio)
+	updater := updater.New(options, httpClient, currentServers, logger)
+	allServers, err := updater.UpdateServers(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("updating server information: %w", err)
+		return err
 	}
-
-	if maintainerMode {
-		err := storage.FlushToFile(c.repoServersPath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("writing servers data to embedded JSON file: %w", err)
+	if flushToFile {
+		if err := storage.FlushToFile(allServers); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot update servers: %w", err)
 		}
 	}

--- a/internal/cli/warner.go
+++ b/internal/cli/warner.go
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-type Warner interface {
-	Warn(s string)
-}
--- a/internal/command/cmder.go
+++ b/internal/command/cmder.go
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-package command
-
-// Cmder handles running subprograms synchronously and asynchronously.
-type Cmder struct{}
-
-func New() *Cmder {
-	return &Cmder{}
-}
--- a/internal/command/interfaces_local.go
+++ b/internal/command/interfaces_local.go
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-package command
-
-import "io"
-
-type execCmd interface {
-	CombinedOutput() ([]byte, error)
-	StdoutPipe() (io.ReadCloser, error)
-	StderrPipe() (io.ReadCloser, error)
-	Start() error
-	Wait() error
-}
--- a/internal/command/mocks_generate_test.go
+++ b/internal/command/mocks_generate_test.go
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-package command
-
-//go:generate mockgen -destination=mocks_local_test.go -package=$GOPACKAGE -source=interfaces_local.go
--- a/internal/command/mocks_local_test.go
+++ b/internal/command/mocks_local_test.go
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
-// Source: interfaces_local.go
-
-// Package command is a generated GoMock package.
-package command
-
-import (
-	io "io"
-	reflect "reflect"
-
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-)
-
-// MockexecCmd is a mock of execCmd interface.
-type MockexecCmd struct {
-	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
-	recorder *MockexecCmdMockRecorder
-}
-
-// MockexecCmdMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockexecCmd.
-type MockexecCmdMockRecorder struct {
-	mock *MockexecCmd
-}
-
-// NewMockexecCmd creates a new mock instance.
-func NewMockexecCmd(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockexecCmd {
-	mock := &MockexecCmd{ctrl: ctrl}
-	mock.recorder = &MockexecCmdMockRecorder{mock}
-	return mock
-}
-
-// EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use.
-func (m *MockexecCmd) EXPECT() *MockexecCmdMockRecorder {
-	return m.recorder
-}
-
-// CombinedOutput mocks base method.
-func (m *MockexecCmd) CombinedOutput() ([]byte, error) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CombinedOutput")
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]byte)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
-	return ret0, ret1
-}
-
-// CombinedOutput indicates an expected call of CombinedOutput.
-func (mr *MockexecCmdMockRecorder) CombinedOutput() *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CombinedOutput", reflect.TypeOf((*MockexecCmd)(nil).CombinedOutput))
-}
-
-// Start mocks base method.
-func (m *MockexecCmd) Start() error {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Start")
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// Start indicates an expected call of Start.
-func (mr *MockexecCmdMockRecorder) Start() *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Start", reflect.TypeOf((*MockexecCmd)(nil).Start))
-}
-
-// StderrPipe mocks base method.
-func (m *MockexecCmd) StderrPipe() (io.ReadCloser, error) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "StderrPipe")
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(io.ReadCloser)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
-	return ret0, ret1
-}
-
-// StderrPipe indicates an expected call of StderrPipe.
-func (mr *MockexecCmdMockRecorder) StderrPipe() *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "StderrPipe", reflect.TypeOf((*MockexecCmd)(nil).StderrPipe))
-}
-
-// StdoutPipe mocks base method.
-func (m *MockexecCmd) StdoutPipe() (io.ReadCloser, error) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "StdoutPipe")
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(io.ReadCloser)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
-	return ret0, ret1
-}
-
-// StdoutPipe indicates an expected call of StdoutPipe.
-func (mr *MockexecCmdMockRecorder) StdoutPipe() *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "StdoutPipe", reflect.TypeOf((*MockexecCmd)(nil).StdoutPipe))
-}
-
-// Wait mocks base method.
-func (m *MockexecCmd) Wait() error {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Wait")
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// Wait indicates an expected call of Wait.
-func (mr *MockexecCmdMockRecorder) Wait() *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Wait", reflect.TypeOf((*MockexecCmd)(nil).Wait))
-}
--- a/internal/command/run.go
+++ b/internal/command/run.go
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-package command
-
-import (
-	"os/exec"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-// Run runs a command in a blocking manner, returning its output and
-// an error if it failed.
-func (c *Cmder) Run(cmd *exec.Cmd) (output string, err error) {
-	return run(cmd)
-}
-
-func run(cmd execCmd) (output string, err error) {
-	stdout, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
-	output = string(stdout)
-	output = strings.TrimSuffix(output, "\n")
-	lines := stringToLines(output)
-	for i := range lines {
-		lines[i] = strings.TrimPrefix(lines[i], "'")
-		lines[i] = strings.TrimSuffix(lines[i], "'")
-	}
-	output = strings.Join(lines, "\n")
-	return output, err
-}
-
-func stringToLines(s string) (lines []string) {
-	s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "\n")
-	return strings.Split(s, "\n")
-}
--- a/internal/command/run_test.go
+++ b/internal/command/run_test.go
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-package command
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"testing"
-
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func Test_run(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	errDummy := errors.New("dummy")
-
-	testCases := map[string]struct {
-		stdout []byte
-		cmdErr error
-		output string
-		err    error
-	}{
-		"no output": {},
-		"cmd error": {
-			stdout: []byte("'hello \nworld'\n"),
-			cmdErr: errDummy,
-			output: "hello \nworld",
-			err:    errDummy,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for name, testCase := range testCases {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
-
-			mockCmd := NewMockexecCmd(ctrl)
-
-			mockCmd.EXPECT().CombinedOutput().Return(testCase.stdout, testCase.cmdErr)
-
-			output, err := run(mockCmd)
-
-			if testCase.err != nil {
-				require.Error(t, err)
-				assert.Equal(t, testCase.err.Error(), err.Error())
-			} else {
-				assert.NoError(t, err)
-			}
-
-			assert.Equal(t, testCase.output, output)
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/command/split.go
+++ b/internal/command/split.go
@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-package command
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-	"unicode/utf8"
-)
-
-var (
-	ErrCommandEmpty            = errors.New("command is empty")
-	ErrSingleQuoteUnterminated = errors.New("unterminated single-quoted string")
-	ErrDoubleQuoteUnterminated = errors.New("unterminated double-quoted string")
-	ErrEscapeUnterminated      = errors.New("unterminated backslash-escape")
-)
-
-// Split splits a command string into a slice of arguments.
-// This is especially important for commands such as:
-// /bin/sh -c "echo hello"
-// which should be split into: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "echo hello"]
-// It supports backslash-escapes, single-quotes and double-quotes.
-// It does not support:
-// - the $" quoting style.
-// - expansion (brace, shell or pathname).
-func Split(command string) (words []string, err error) {
-	if command == "" {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrCommandEmpty)
-	}
-
-	const bufferSize = 1024
-	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(make([]byte, bufferSize))
-
-	startIndex := 0
-
-	for startIndex < len(command) {
-		// skip any split characters at the start
-		character, runeSize := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(command[startIndex:])
-		switch {
-		case strings.ContainsRune(" \n\t", character):
-			startIndex += runeSize
-		case character == '\\':
-			// Look ahead to eventually skip an escaped newline
-			if command[startIndex+runeSize:] == "" {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %q", ErrEscapeUnterminated, command)
-			}
-			character, runeSize := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(command[startIndex+runeSize:])
-			if character == '\n' {
-				startIndex += runeSize + runeSize // backslash and newline
-			}
-		default:
-			var word string
-			buffer.Reset()
-			word, startIndex, err = splitWord(command, startIndex, buffer)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("splitting word in %q: %w", command, err)
-			}
-			words = append(words, word)
-		}
-	}
-	return words, nil
-}
-
-// WARNING: buffer must be cleared before calling this function.
-func splitWord(input string, startIndex int, buffer *bytes.Buffer) (
-	word string, newStartIndex int, err error,
-) {
-	cursor := startIndex
-	for cursor < len(input) {
-		character, runeLength := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(input[cursor:])
-		cursor += runeLength
-		if character == '"' ||
-			character == '\'' ||
-			character == '\\' ||
-			character == ' ' ||
-			character == '\n' ||
-			character == '\t' {
-			buffer.WriteString(input[startIndex : cursor-runeLength])
-		}
-
-		switch {
-		case strings.ContainsRune(" \n\t", character): // spacing character
-			return buffer.String(), cursor, nil
-		case character == '"':
-			return handleDoubleQuoted(input, cursor, buffer)
-		case character == '\'':
-			return handleSingleQuoted(input, cursor, buffer)
-		case character == '\\':
-			return handleEscaped(input, cursor, buffer)
-		}
-	}
-
-	buffer.WriteString(input[startIndex:])
-	return buffer.String(), len(input), nil
-}
-
-func handleDoubleQuoted(input string, startIndex int, buffer *bytes.Buffer) (
-	word string, newStartIndex int, err error,
-) {
-	cursor := startIndex
-	for cursor < len(input) {
-		nextCharacter, nextRuneLength := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(input[cursor:])
-		cursor += nextRuneLength
-		switch nextCharacter {
-		case '"': // end of the double quoted string
-			buffer.WriteString(input[startIndex : cursor-nextRuneLength])
-			return splitWord(input, cursor, buffer)
-		case '\\': // escaped character
-			escapedCharacter, escapedRuneLength := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(input[cursor:])
-			cursor += escapedRuneLength
-			if !strings.ContainsRune("$`\"\n\\", escapedCharacter) {
-				break
-			}
-			buffer.WriteString(input[startIndex : cursor-nextRuneLength-escapedRuneLength])
-			if escapedCharacter != '\n' {
-				// skip backslash entirely for the newline character
-				buffer.WriteRune(escapedCharacter)
-			}
-			startIndex = cursor
-		}
-	}
-	return "", 0, fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrDoubleQuoteUnterminated)
-}
-
-func handleSingleQuoted(input string, startIndex int, buffer *bytes.Buffer) (
-	word string, newStartIndex int, err error,
-) {
-	closingQuoteIndex := strings.IndexRune(input[startIndex:], '\'')
-	if closingQuoteIndex == -1 {
-		return "", 0, fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrSingleQuoteUnterminated)
-	}
-	buffer.WriteString(input[startIndex : startIndex+closingQuoteIndex])
-	const singleQuoteRuneLength = 1
-	startIndex += closingQuoteIndex + singleQuoteRuneLength
-	return splitWord(input, startIndex, buffer)
-}
-
-func handleEscaped(input string, startIndex int, buffer *bytes.Buffer) (
-	word string, newStartIndex int, err error,
-) {
-	if input[startIndex:] == "" {
-		return "", 0, fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrEscapeUnterminated)
-	}
-	character, runeLength := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(input[startIndex:])
-	if character != '\n' { // backslash-escaped newline is ignored
-		buffer.WriteString(input[startIndex : startIndex+runeLength])
-	}
-	startIndex += runeLength
-	return splitWord(input, startIndex, buffer)
-}
--- a/internal/command/split_test.go
+++ b/internal/command/split_test.go
@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-package command
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func Test_Split(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCases := map[string]struct {
-		command    string
-		words      []string
-		errWrapped error
-		errMessage string
-	}{
-		"empty": {
-			command:    "",
-			errWrapped: ErrCommandEmpty,
-			errMessage: "command is empty",
-		},
-		"concrete_sh_command": {
-			command: `/bin/sh -c "echo 123"`,
-			words:   []string{"/bin/sh", "-c", "echo 123"},
-		},
-		"single_word": {
-			command: "word1",
-			words:   []string{"word1"},
-		},
-		"two_words_single_space": {
-			command: "word1 word2",
-			words:   []string{"word1", "word2"},
-		},
-		"two_words_multiple_space": {
-			command: "word1    word2",
-			words:   []string{"word1", "word2"},
-		},
-		"two_words_no_expansion": {
-			command: "word1*    word2?",
-			words:   []string{"word1*", "word2?"},
-		},
-		"escaped_single quote": {
-			command: "ain\\'t good",
-			words:   []string{"ain't", "good"},
-		},
-		"escaped_single_quote_all_single_quoted": {
-			command: "'ain'\\''t good'",
-			words:   []string{"ain't good"},
-		},
-		"empty_single_quoted": {
-			command: "word1 ''  word2",
-			words:   []string{"word1", "", "word2"},
-		},
-		"escaped_newline": {
-			command: "word1\\\nword2",
-			words:   []string{"word1word2"},
-		},
-		"quoted_newline": {
-			command: "text \"with\na\" quoted newline",
-			words:   []string{"text", "with\na", "quoted", "newline"},
-		},
-		"quoted_escaped_newline": {
-			command: "\"word1\\d\\\\\\\" word2\\\nword3 word4\"",
-			words:   []string{"word1\\d\\\" word2word3 word4"},
-		},
-		"escaped_separated_newline": {
-			command: "word1 \\\n word2",
-			words:   []string{"word1", "word2"},
-		},
-		"double_quotes_no_spacing": {
-			command: "word1\"word2\"word3",
-			words:   []string{"word1word2word3"},
-		},
-		"unterminated_single_quote": {
-			command:    "'abc'\\''def",
-			errWrapped: ErrSingleQuoteUnterminated,
-			errMessage: `splitting word in "'abc'\\''def": unterminated single-quoted string`,
-		},
-		"unterminated_double_quote": {
-			command:    "\"abc'def",
-			errWrapped: ErrDoubleQuoteUnterminated,
-			errMessage: `splitting word in "\"abc'def": unterminated double-quoted string`,
-		},
-		"unterminated_escape": {
-			command:    "abc\\",
-			errWrapped: ErrEscapeUnterminated,
-			errMessage: `splitting word in "abc\\": unterminated backslash-escape`,
-		},
-		"unterminated_escape_only": {
-			command:    "   \\",
-			errWrapped: ErrEscapeUnterminated,
-			errMessage: `unterminated backslash-escape: "   \\"`,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for name, testCase := range testCases {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			words, err := Split(testCase.command)
-
-			assert.Equal(t, testCase.words, words)
-			assert.ErrorIs(t, err, testCase.errWrapped)
-			if testCase.errWrapped != nil {
-				assert.EqualError(t, err, testCase.errMessage)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/command/start.go
+++ b/internal/command/start.go
@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-package command
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"errors"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-)
-
-// Start launches a command and streams stdout and stderr to channels.
-// All the channels returned are ready only and won't be closed
-// if the command fails later.
-func (c *Cmder) Start(cmd *exec.Cmd) (
-	stdoutLines, stderrLines <-chan string,
-	waitError <-chan error, startErr error,
-) {
-	return start(cmd)
-}
-
-func start(cmd execCmd) (stdoutLines, stderrLines <-chan string,
-	waitError <-chan error, startErr error,
-) {
-	stop := make(chan struct{})
-	stdoutReady := make(chan struct{})
-	stdoutLinesCh := make(chan string)
-	stdoutDone := make(chan struct{})
-	stderrReady := make(chan struct{})
-	stderrLinesCh := make(chan string)
-	stderrDone := make(chan struct{})
-
-	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
-	}
-	go streamToChannel(stdoutReady, stop, stdoutDone, stdout, stdoutLinesCh)
-
-	stderr, err := cmd.StderrPipe()
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = stdout.Close()
-		close(stop)
-		<-stdoutDone
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
-	}
-	go streamToChannel(stderrReady, stop, stderrDone, stderr, stderrLinesCh)
-
-	err = cmd.Start()
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = stdout.Close()
-		_ = stderr.Close()
-		close(stop)
-		<-stdoutDone
-		<-stderrDone
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	waitErrorCh := make(chan error)
-	go func() {
-		err := cmd.Wait()
-		_ = stdout.Close()
-		_ = stderr.Close()
-		close(stop)
-		<-stdoutDone
-		<-stderrDone
-		waitErrorCh <- err
-	}()
-
-	return stdoutLinesCh, stderrLinesCh, waitErrorCh, nil
-}
-
-func streamToChannel(ready chan<- struct{},
-	stop <-chan struct{}, done chan<- struct{},
-	stream io.Reader, lines chan<- string,
-) {
-	defer close(done)
-	close(ready)
-	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(stream)
-	lineBuffer := make([]byte, bufio.MaxScanTokenSize) // 64KB
-	const maxCapacity = 20 * 1024 * 1024               // 20MB
-	scanner.Buffer(lineBuffer, maxCapacity)
-
-	for scanner.Scan() {
-		// scanner is closed if the context is canceled
-		// or if the command failed starting because the
-		// stream is closed (io.EOF error).
-		lines <- scanner.Text()
-	}
-	err := scanner.Err()
-	if err == nil || errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) {
-		return
-	}
-
-	// ignore the error if it is stopped.
-	select {
-	case <-stop:
-		return
-	default:
-		lines <- "stream error: " + err.Error()
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/command/start_test.go
+++ b/internal/command/start_test.go
@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-package command
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"errors"
-	"io"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func linesToReadCloser(lines []string) io.ReadCloser {
-	s := strings.Join(lines, "\n")
-	return io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBufferString(s))
-}
-
-func Test_start(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	errDummy := errors.New("dummy")
-
-	testCases := map[string]struct {
-		stdout        []string
-		stdoutPipeErr error
-		stderr        []string
-		stderrPipeErr error
-		startErr      error
-		waitErr       error
-		err           error
-	}{
-		"no output": {},
-		"success": {
-			stdout: []string{"hello", "world"},
-			stderr: []string{"some", "error"},
-		},
-		"stdout pipe error": {
-			stdoutPipeErr: errDummy,
-			err:           errDummy,
-		},
-		"stderr pipe error": {
-			stderrPipeErr: errDummy,
-			err:           errDummy,
-		},
-		"start error": {
-			startErr: errDummy,
-			err:      errDummy,
-		},
-		"wait error": {
-			waitErr: errDummy,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for name, testCase := range testCases {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
-
-			stdout := linesToReadCloser(testCase.stdout)
-			stderr := linesToReadCloser(testCase.stderr)
-
-			mockCmd := NewMockexecCmd(ctrl)
-
-			mockCmd.EXPECT().StdoutPipe().
-				Return(stdout, testCase.stdoutPipeErr)
-			if testCase.stdoutPipeErr == nil {
-				mockCmd.EXPECT().StderrPipe().Return(stderr, testCase.stderrPipeErr)
-				if testCase.stderrPipeErr == nil {
-					mockCmd.EXPECT().Start().Return(testCase.startErr)
-					if testCase.startErr == nil {
-						mockCmd.EXPECT().Wait().Return(testCase.waitErr)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			stdoutLines, stderrLines, waitError, err := start(mockCmd)
-
-			if testCase.err != nil {
-				require.Error(t, err)
-				assert.Equal(t, testCase.err.Error(), err.Error())
-				assert.Nil(t, stdoutLines)
-				assert.Nil(t, stderrLines)
-				assert.Nil(t, waitError)
-				return
-			}
-
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			var stdoutIndex, stderrIndex int
-
-			done := false
-			for !done {
-				select {
-				case line := <-stdoutLines:
-					assert.Equal(t, testCase.stdout[stdoutIndex], line)
-					stdoutIndex++
-				case line := <-stderrLines:
-					assert.Equal(t, testCase.stderr[stderrIndex], line)
-					stderrIndex++
-				case err := <-waitError:
-					if testCase.waitErr != nil {
-						require.Error(t, err)
-						assert.Equal(t, testCase.waitErr.Error(), err.Error())
-					} else {
-						assert.NoError(t, err)
-					}
-					done = true
-				}
-			}
-
-			assert.Equal(t, len(testCase.stdout), stdoutIndex)
-			assert.Equal(t, len(testCase.stderr), stderrIndex)
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/deprecated.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/deprecated.go
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"slices"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
-)
-
-func readObsolete(r *reader.Reader) (warnings []string) {
-	keyToMessage := map[string]string{
-		"DOT_VERBOSITY":                "DOT_VERBOSITY is obsolete, use LOG_LEVEL instead.",
-		"DOT_VERBOSITY_DETAILS":        "DOT_VERBOSITY_DETAILS is obsolete because it was specific to Unbound.",
-		"DOT_VALIDATION_LOGLEVEL":      "DOT_VALIDATION_LOGLEVEL is obsolete because DNSSEC validation is not implemented.",
-		"HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_INITIAL":  "HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_INITIAL is obsolete",
-		"HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_ADDITION": "HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_ADDITION is obsolete",
-	}
-	sortedKeys := maps.Keys(keyToMessage)
-	slices.Sort(sortedKeys)
-	warnings = make([]string, 0, len(keyToMessage))
-	for _, key := range sortedKeys {
-		if r.Get(key) != nil {
-			warnings = append(warnings, keyToMessage[key])
-		}
-	}
-	return warnings
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/dns.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/dns.go
@@ -1,231 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/netip"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/provider"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// DNS contains settings to configure DNS.
-type DNS struct {
-	// ServerEnabled is true if the server should be running
-	// and used. It defaults to true, and cannot be nil
-	// in the internal state.
-	ServerEnabled *bool
-	// UpstreamType can be dot or plain, and defaults to dot.
-	UpstreamType string `json:"upstream_type"`
-	// UpdatePeriod is the period to update DNS block lists.
-	// It can be set to 0 to disable the update.
-	// It defaults to 24h and cannot be nil in
-	// the internal state.
-	UpdatePeriod *time.Duration
-	// Providers is a list of DNS providers
-	Providers []string `json:"providers"`
-	// Caching is true if the server should cache
-	// DNS responses.
-	Caching *bool `json:"caching"`
-	// IPv6 is true if the server should connect over IPv6.
-	IPv6 *bool `json:"ipv6"`
-	// Blacklist contains settings to configure the filter
-	// block lists.
-	Blacklist DNSBlacklist
-	// ServerAddress is the DNS server to use inside
-	// the Go program and for the system.
-	// It defaults to '127.0.0.1' to be used with the
-	// local server. It cannot be the zero value in the internal
-	// state.
-	ServerAddress netip.Addr
-	// KeepNameserver is true if the existing DNS server
-	// found in /etc/resolv.conf should be used
-	// Note setting this to true will likely DNS traffic
-	// outside the VPN tunnel since it would go through
-	// the local DNS server of your Docker/Kubernetes
-	// configuration, which is likely not going through the tunnel.
-	// This will also disable the DNS forwarder server and the
-	// `ServerAddress` field will be ignored.
-	// It defaults to false and cannot be nil in the
-	// internal state.
-	KeepNameserver *bool
-}
-
-var (
-	ErrDNSUpstreamTypeNotValid = errors.New("DNS upstream type is not valid")
-	ErrDNSUpdatePeriodTooShort = errors.New("update period is too short")
-)
-
-func (d DNS) validate() (err error) {
-	if !helpers.IsOneOf(d.UpstreamType, "dot", "doh", "plain") {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrDNSUpstreamTypeNotValid, d.UpstreamType)
-	}
-
-	const minUpdatePeriod = 30 * time.Second
-	if *d.UpdatePeriod != 0 && *d.UpdatePeriod < minUpdatePeriod {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s must be bigger than %s",
-			ErrDNSUpdatePeriodTooShort, *d.UpdatePeriod, minUpdatePeriod)
-	}
-
-	providers := provider.NewProviders()
-	for _, providerName := range d.Providers {
-		_, err := providers.Get(providerName)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = d.Blacklist.validate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (d *DNS) Copy() (copied DNS) {
-	return DNS{
-		ServerEnabled:  gosettings.CopyPointer(d.ServerEnabled),
-		UpstreamType:   d.UpstreamType,
-		UpdatePeriod:   gosettings.CopyPointer(d.UpdatePeriod),
-		Providers:      gosettings.CopySlice(d.Providers),
-		Caching:        gosettings.CopyPointer(d.Caching),
-		IPv6:           gosettings.CopyPointer(d.IPv6),
-		Blacklist:      d.Blacklist.copy(),
-		ServerAddress:  d.ServerAddress,
-		KeepNameserver: gosettings.CopyPointer(d.KeepNameserver),
-	}
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (d *DNS) overrideWith(other DNS) {
-	d.ServerEnabled = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(d.ServerEnabled, other.ServerEnabled)
-	d.UpstreamType = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(d.UpstreamType, other.UpstreamType)
-	d.UpdatePeriod = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(d.UpdatePeriod, other.UpdatePeriod)
-	d.Providers = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(d.Providers, other.Providers)
-	d.Caching = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(d.Caching, other.Caching)
-	d.IPv6 = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(d.IPv6, other.IPv6)
-	d.Blacklist.overrideWith(other.Blacklist)
-	d.ServerAddress = gosettings.OverrideWithValidator(d.ServerAddress, other.ServerAddress)
-	d.KeepNameserver = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(d.KeepNameserver, other.KeepNameserver)
-}
-
-func (d *DNS) setDefaults() {
-	d.ServerEnabled = gosettings.DefaultPointer(d.ServerEnabled, true)
-	d.UpstreamType = gosettings.DefaultComparable(d.UpstreamType, "dot")
-	const defaultUpdatePeriod = 24 * time.Hour
-	d.UpdatePeriod = gosettings.DefaultPointer(d.UpdatePeriod, defaultUpdatePeriod)
-	d.Providers = gosettings.DefaultSlice(d.Providers, []string{
-		provider.Cloudflare().Name,
-	})
-	d.Caching = gosettings.DefaultPointer(d.Caching, true)
-	d.IPv6 = gosettings.DefaultPointer(d.IPv6, false)
-	d.Blacklist.setDefaults()
-	d.ServerAddress = gosettings.DefaultValidator(d.ServerAddress,
-		netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1}))
-	d.KeepNameserver = gosettings.DefaultPointer(d.KeepNameserver, false)
-}
-
-func (d DNS) GetFirstPlaintextIPv4() (ipv4 netip.Addr) {
-	localhost := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1})
-	if d.ServerAddress.Compare(localhost) != 0 && d.ServerAddress.Is4() {
-		return d.ServerAddress
-	}
-
-	providers := provider.NewProviders()
-	provider, err := providers.Get(d.Providers[0])
-	if err != nil {
-		// Settings should be validated before calling this function,
-		// so an error happening here is a programming error.
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	return provider.Plain.IPv4[0].Addr()
-}
-
-func (d DNS) String() string {
-	return d.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (d DNS) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("DNS settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Keep existing nameserver(s): %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(d.KeepNameserver))
-	if *d.KeepNameserver {
-		return node
-	}
-	node.Appendf("DNS server address to use: %s", d.ServerAddress)
-
-	node.Appendf("DNS forwarder server enabled: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(d.ServerEnabled))
-	if !*d.ServerEnabled {
-		return node
-	}
-
-	node.Appendf("Upstream resolver type: %s", d.UpstreamType)
-
-	upstreamResolvers := node.Append("Upstream resolvers:")
-	for _, provider := range d.Providers {
-		upstreamResolvers.Append(provider)
-	}
-
-	node.Appendf("Caching: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(d.Caching))
-	node.Appendf("IPv6: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(d.IPv6))
-
-	update := "disabled"
-	if *d.UpdatePeriod > 0 {
-		update = "every " + d.UpdatePeriod.String()
-	}
-	node.Appendf("Update period: %s", update)
-
-	node.AppendNode(d.Blacklist.toLinesNode())
-
-	return node
-}
-
-func (d *DNS) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
-	d.ServerEnabled, err = r.BoolPtr("DNS_SERVER", reader.RetroKeys("DOT"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	d.UpstreamType = r.String("DNS_UPSTREAM_RESOLVER_TYPE")
-
-	d.UpdatePeriod, err = r.DurationPtr("DNS_UPDATE_PERIOD")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	d.Providers = r.CSV("DNS_UPSTREAM_RESOLVERS", reader.RetroKeys("DOT_PROVIDERS"))
-
-	d.Caching, err = r.BoolPtr("DNS_CACHING", reader.RetroKeys("DOT_CACHING"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	d.IPv6, err = r.BoolPtr("DNS_UPSTREAM_IPV6", reader.RetroKeys("DOT_IPV6"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = d.Blacklist.read(r)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	d.ServerAddress, err = r.NetipAddr("DNS_ADDRESS", reader.RetroKeys("DNS_PLAINTEXT_ADDRESS"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	d.KeepNameserver, err = r.BoolPtr("DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/dnsblacklist.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/dnsblacklist.go
@@ -1,239 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/netip"
-	"regexp"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/blockbuilder"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// DNSBlacklist is settings for the DNS blacklist building.
-type DNSBlacklist struct {
-	BlockMalicious       *bool
-	BlockAds             *bool
-	BlockSurveillance    *bool
-	AllowedHosts         []string
-	AddBlockedHosts      []string
-	AddBlockedIPs        []netip.Addr
-	AddBlockedIPPrefixes []netip.Prefix
-	// RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames is a list of hostnames
-	// exempt from DNS rebinding protection.
-	RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames []string
-}
-
-func (b *DNSBlacklist) setDefaults() {
-	b.BlockMalicious = gosettings.DefaultPointer(b.BlockMalicious, true)
-	b.BlockAds = gosettings.DefaultPointer(b.BlockAds, false)
-	b.BlockSurveillance = gosettings.DefaultPointer(b.BlockSurveillance, true)
-}
-
-var hostRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^([a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9_][a-zA-Z0-9\-_]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9_])(\.([a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9_][a-zA-Z0-9\-_]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9]))*$`) //nolint:lll
-
-var (
-	ErrAllowedHostNotValid                   = errors.New("allowed host is not valid")
-	ErrBlockedHostNotValid                   = errors.New("blocked host is not valid")
-	ErrRebindingProtectionExemptHostNotValid = errors.New("rebinding protection exempt host is not valid")
-)
-
-func (b DNSBlacklist) validate() (err error) {
-	for _, host := range b.AllowedHosts {
-		if !hostRegex.MatchString(host) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrAllowedHostNotValid, host)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, host := range b.AddBlockedHosts {
-		if !hostRegex.MatchString(host) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrBlockedHostNotValid, host)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, host := range b.RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames {
-		if !hostRegex.MatchString(host) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrRebindingProtectionExemptHostNotValid, host)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (b DNSBlacklist) copy() (copied DNSBlacklist) {
-	return DNSBlacklist{
-		BlockMalicious:                     gosettings.CopyPointer(b.BlockMalicious),
-		BlockAds:                           gosettings.CopyPointer(b.BlockAds),
-		BlockSurveillance:                  gosettings.CopyPointer(b.BlockSurveillance),
-		AllowedHosts:                       gosettings.CopySlice(b.AllowedHosts),
-		AddBlockedHosts:                    gosettings.CopySlice(b.AddBlockedHosts),
-		AddBlockedIPs:                      gosettings.CopySlice(b.AddBlockedIPs),
-		AddBlockedIPPrefixes:               gosettings.CopySlice(b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes),
-		RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames: gosettings.CopySlice(b.RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames),
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *DNSBlacklist) overrideWith(other DNSBlacklist) {
-	b.BlockMalicious = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(b.BlockMalicious, other.BlockMalicious)
-	b.BlockAds = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(b.BlockAds, other.BlockAds)
-	b.BlockSurveillance = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(b.BlockSurveillance, other.BlockSurveillance)
-	b.AllowedHosts = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(b.AllowedHosts, other.AllowedHosts)
-	b.AddBlockedHosts = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(b.AddBlockedHosts, other.AddBlockedHosts)
-	b.AddBlockedIPs = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(b.AddBlockedIPs, other.AddBlockedIPs)
-	b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes, other.AddBlockedIPPrefixes)
-	b.RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(b.RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames,
-		other.RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames)
-}
-
-func (b DNSBlacklist) ToBlockBuilderSettings(client *http.Client) (
-	settings blockbuilder.Settings,
-) {
-	return blockbuilder.Settings{
-		Client:               client,
-		BlockMalicious:       b.BlockMalicious,
-		BlockAds:             b.BlockAds,
-		BlockSurveillance:    b.BlockSurveillance,
-		AllowedHosts:         b.AllowedHosts,
-		AddBlockedHosts:      b.AddBlockedHosts,
-		AddBlockedIPs:        b.AddBlockedIPs,
-		AddBlockedIPPrefixes: b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes,
-	}
-}
-
-func (b DNSBlacklist) String() string {
-	return b.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (b DNSBlacklist) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("DNS filtering settings:")
-
-	node.Appendf("Block malicious: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(b.BlockMalicious))
-	node.Appendf("Block ads: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(b.BlockAds))
-	node.Appendf("Block surveillance: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(b.BlockSurveillance))
-
-	if len(b.AllowedHosts) > 0 {
-		allowedHostsNode := node.Append("Allowed hosts:")
-		for _, host := range b.AllowedHosts {
-			allowedHostsNode.Append(host)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(b.AddBlockedHosts) > 0 {
-		blockedHostsNode := node.Append("Blocked hosts:")
-		for _, host := range b.AddBlockedHosts {
-			blockedHostsNode.Append(host)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(b.AddBlockedIPs) > 0 {
-		blockedIPsNode := node.Append("Blocked IP addresses:")
-		for _, ip := range b.AddBlockedIPs {
-			blockedIPsNode.Append(ip.String())
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes) > 0 {
-		blockedIPPrefixesNode := node.Append("Blocked IP networks:")
-		for _, ipNetwork := range b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes {
-			blockedIPPrefixesNode.Append(ipNetwork.String())
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(b.RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames) > 0 {
-		exemptHostsNode := node.Append("Rebinding protection exempt hostnames:")
-		for _, host := range b.RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames {
-			exemptHostsNode.Append(host)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
-
-func (b *DNSBlacklist) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
-	b.BlockMalicious, err = r.BoolPtr("BLOCK_MALICIOUS")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	b.BlockSurveillance, err = r.BoolPtr("BLOCK_SURVEILLANCE",
-		reader.RetroKeys("BLOCK_NSA"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	b.BlockAds, err = r.BoolPtr("BLOCK_ADS")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	b.AddBlockedIPs, b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes, err = readDNSBlockedIPs(r)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	b.AllowedHosts = r.CSV("DNS_UNBLOCK_HOSTNAMES", reader.RetroKeys("UNBLOCK"))
-
-	b.RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames = r.CSV("DNS_REBINDING_PROTECTION_EXEMPT_HOSTNAMES")
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func readDNSBlockedIPs(r *reader.Reader) (ips []netip.Addr,
-	ipPrefixes []netip.Prefix, err error,
-) {
-	ips, err = r.CSVNetipAddresses("DNS_BLOCK_IPS")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-	ipPrefixes, err = r.CSVNetipPrefixes("DNS_BLOCK_IP_PREFIXES")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	// TODO v4 remove this block below
-	privateIPs, privateIPPrefixes, err := readDNSPrivateAddresses(r)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-	ips = append(ips, privateIPs...)
-	ipPrefixes = append(ipPrefixes, privateIPPrefixes...)
-
-	return ips, ipPrefixes, nil
-}
-
-var ErrPrivateAddressNotValid = errors.New("private address is not a valid IP or CIDR range")
-
-func readDNSPrivateAddresses(r *reader.Reader) (ips []netip.Addr,
-	ipPrefixes []netip.Prefix, err error,
-) {
-	privateAddresses := r.CSV("DOT_PRIVATE_ADDRESS", reader.IsRetro("DNS_BLOCK_IP_PREFIXES"))
-	if len(privateAddresses) == 0 {
-		return nil, nil, nil
-	}
-
-	ips = make([]netip.Addr, 0, len(privateAddresses))
-	ipPrefixes = make([]netip.Prefix, 0, len(privateAddresses))
-
-	for _, privateAddress := range privateAddresses {
-		ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(privateAddress)
-		if err == nil {
-			ips = append(ips, ip)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		ipPrefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(privateAddress)
-		if err == nil {
-			ipPrefixes = append(ipPrefixes, ipPrefix)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf(
-			"environment variable DOT_PRIVATE_ADDRESS: %w: %s",
-			ErrPrivateAddressNotValid, privateAddress)
-	}
-
-	return ips, ipPrefixes, nil
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/errors.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/errors.go
@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import "errors"
-
-var (
-	ErrValueUnknown                    = errors.New("value is unknown")
-	ErrCityNotValid                    = errors.New("the city specified is not valid")
-	ErrControlServerPrivilegedPort     = errors.New("cannot use privileged port without running as root")
-	ErrCategoryNotValid                = errors.New("the category specified is not valid")
-	ErrCountryNotValid                 = errors.New("the country specified is not valid")
-	ErrFilepathMissing                 = errors.New("filepath is missing")
-	ErrFirewallZeroPort                = errors.New("cannot have a zero port")
-	ErrFirewallPublicOutboundSubnet    = errors.New("outbound subnet has an unspecified address")
-	ErrHostnameNotValid                = errors.New("the hostname specified is not valid")
-	ErrISPNotValid                     = errors.New("the ISP specified is not valid")
-	ErrMinRatioNotValid                = errors.New("minimum ratio is not valid")
-	ErrMissingValue                    = errors.New("missing value")
-	ErrNameNotValid                    = errors.New("the server name specified is not valid")
-	ErrOpenVPNClientKeyMissing         = errors.New("client key is missing")
-	ErrOpenVPNCustomPortNotAllowed     = errors.New("custom endpoint port is not allowed")
-	ErrOpenVPNEncryptionPresetNotValid = errors.New("PIA encryption preset is not valid")
-	ErrOpenVPNInterfaceNotValid        = errors.New("interface name is not valid")
-	ErrOpenVPNKeyPassphraseIsEmpty     = errors.New("key passphrase is empty")
-	ErrOpenVPNMSSFixIsTooHigh          = errors.New("mssfix option value is too high")
-	ErrOpenVPNPasswordIsEmpty          = errors.New("password is empty")
-	ErrOpenVPNTCPNotSupported          = errors.New("TCP protocol is not supported")
-	ErrOpenVPNUserIsEmpty              = errors.New("user is empty")
-	ErrOpenVPNVerbosityIsOutOfBounds   = errors.New("verbosity value is out of bounds")
-	ErrOpenVPNVersionIsNotValid        = errors.New("version is not valid")
-	ErrPortForwardingEnabled           = errors.New("port forwarding cannot be enabled")
-	ErrPortForwardingUserEmpty         = errors.New("port forwarding username is empty")
-	ErrPortForwardingPasswordEmpty     = errors.New("port forwarding password is empty")
-	ErrRegionNotValid                  = errors.New("the region specified is not valid")
-	ErrServerAddressNotValid           = errors.New("server listening address is not valid")
-	ErrSystemPGIDNotValid              = errors.New("process group id is not valid")
-	ErrSystemPUIDNotValid              = errors.New("process user id is not valid")
-	ErrSystemTimezoneNotValid          = errors.New("timezone is not valid")
-	ErrUpdaterPeriodTooSmall           = errors.New("VPN server data updater period is too small")
-	ErrUpdaterProtonPasswordMissing    = errors.New("proton password is missing")
-	ErrUpdaterProtonEmailMissing       = errors.New("proton email is missing")
-	ErrVPNProviderNameNotValid         = errors.New("VPN provider name is not valid")
-	ErrVPNTypeNotValid                 = errors.New("VPN type is not valid")
-	ErrWireguardAllowedIPNotSet        = errors.New("allowed IP is not set")
-	ErrWireguardAllowedIPsNotSet       = errors.New("allowed IPs is not set")
-	ErrWireguardEndpointIPNotSet       = errors.New("endpoint IP is not set")
-	ErrWireguardEndpointPortNotAllowed = errors.New("endpoint port is not allowed")
-	ErrWireguardEndpointPortNotSet     = errors.New("endpoint port is not set")
-	ErrWireguardEndpointPortSet        = errors.New("endpoint port is set")
-	ErrWireguardInterfaceAddressNotSet = errors.New("interface address is not set")
-	ErrWireguardInterfaceAddressIPv6   = errors.New("interface address is IPv6 but IPv6 is not supported")
-	ErrWireguardInterfaceNotValid      = errors.New("interface name is not valid")
-	ErrWireguardPreSharedKeyNotSet     = errors.New("pre-shared key is not set")
-	ErrWireguardPrivateKeyNotSet       = errors.New("private key is not set")
-	ErrWireguardPublicKeyNotSet        = errors.New("public key is not set")
-	ErrWireguardPublicKeyNotValid      = errors.New("public key is not valid")
-	ErrWireguardKeepAliveNegative      = errors.New("persistent keep alive interval is negative")
-	ErrWireguardImplementationNotValid = errors.New("implementation is not valid")
-)
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/firewall.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/firewall.go
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net/netip"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// Firewall contains settings to customize the firewall operation.
-type Firewall struct {
-	VPNInputPorts   []uint16
-	InputPorts      []uint16
-	OutboundSubnets []netip.Prefix
-	Enabled         *bool
-	Debug           *bool
-}
-
-func (f Firewall) validate() (err error) {
-	if hasZeroPort(f.VPNInputPorts) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("VPN input ports: %w", ErrFirewallZeroPort)
-	}
-
-	if hasZeroPort(f.InputPorts) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("input ports: %w", ErrFirewallZeroPort)
-	}
-
-	for _, subnet := range f.OutboundSubnets {
-		if subnet.Addr().IsUnspecified() {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrFirewallPublicOutboundSubnet, subnet)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func hasZeroPort(ports []uint16) (has bool) {
-	for _, port := range ports {
-		if port == 0 {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func (f *Firewall) copy() (copied Firewall) {
-	return Firewall{
-		VPNInputPorts:   gosettings.CopySlice(f.VPNInputPorts),
-		InputPorts:      gosettings.CopySlice(f.InputPorts),
-		OutboundSubnets: gosettings.CopySlice(f.OutboundSubnets),
-		Enabled:         gosettings.CopyPointer(f.Enabled),
-		Debug:           gosettings.CopyPointer(f.Debug),
-	}
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (f *Firewall) overrideWith(other Firewall) {
-	f.VPNInputPorts = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(f.VPNInputPorts, other.VPNInputPorts)
-	f.InputPorts = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(f.InputPorts, other.InputPorts)
-	f.OutboundSubnets = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(f.OutboundSubnets, other.OutboundSubnets)
-	f.Enabled = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(f.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	f.Debug = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(f.Debug, other.Debug)
-}
-
-func (f *Firewall) setDefaults() {
-	f.Enabled = gosettings.DefaultPointer(f.Enabled, true)
-	f.Debug = gosettings.DefaultPointer(f.Debug, false)
-}
-
-func (f Firewall) String() string {
-	return f.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (f Firewall) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Firewall settings:")
-
-	node.Appendf("Enabled: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(f.Enabled))
-	if !*f.Enabled {
-		return node
-	}
-
-	if *f.Debug {
-		node.Appendf("Debug mode: on")
-	}
-
-	if len(f.VPNInputPorts) > 0 {
-		vpnInputPortsNode := node.Appendf("VPN input ports:")
-		for _, port := range f.VPNInputPorts {
-			vpnInputPortsNode.Appendf("%d", port)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(f.InputPorts) > 0 {
-		inputPortsNode := node.Appendf("Input ports:")
-		for _, port := range f.InputPorts {
-			inputPortsNode.Appendf("%d", port)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(f.OutboundSubnets) > 0 {
-		outboundSubnets := node.Appendf("Outbound subnets:")
-		for _, subnet := range f.OutboundSubnets {
-			outboundSubnets.Appendf("%s", &subnet)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
-
-func (f *Firewall) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
-	f.VPNInputPorts, err = r.CSVUint16("FIREWALL_VPN_INPUT_PORTS")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	f.InputPorts, err = r.CSVUint16("FIREWALL_INPUT_PORTS")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	f.OutboundSubnets, err = r.CSVNetipPrefixes(
-		"FIREWALL_OUTBOUND_SUBNETS", reader.RetroKeys("EXTRA_SUBNETS"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	f.Enabled, err = r.BoolPtr("FIREWALL_ENABLED_DISABLING_IT_SHOOTS_YOU_IN_YOUR_FOOT")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	f.Debug, err = r.BoolPtr("FIREWALL_DEBUG")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/firewall_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/firewall_test.go
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"net/netip"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func Test_Firewall_validate(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCases := map[string]struct {
-		firewall   Firewall
-		errWrapped error
-		errMessage string
-	}{
-		"empty": {},
-		"zero_vpn_input_port": {
-			firewall: Firewall{
-				VPNInputPorts: []uint16{0},
-			},
-			errWrapped: ErrFirewallZeroPort,
-			errMessage: "VPN input ports: cannot have a zero port",
-		},
-		"zero_input_port": {
-			firewall: Firewall{
-				InputPorts: []uint16{0},
-			},
-			errWrapped: ErrFirewallZeroPort,
-			errMessage: "input ports: cannot have a zero port",
-		},
-		"unspecified_outbound_subnet": {
-			firewall: Firewall{
-				OutboundSubnets: []netip.Prefix{
-					netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
-				},
-			},
-			errWrapped: ErrFirewallPublicOutboundSubnet,
-			errMessage: "outbound subnet has an unspecified address: 0.0.0.0/0",
-		},
-		"public_outbound_subnet": {
-			firewall: Firewall{
-				OutboundSubnets: []netip.Prefix{
-					netip.MustParsePrefix("1.2.3.4/32"),
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		"valid_settings": {
-			firewall: Firewall{
-				VPNInputPorts: []uint16{100, 101},
-				InputPorts:    []uint16{200, 201},
-				OutboundSubnets: []netip.Prefix{
-					netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-					netip.MustParsePrefix("10.10.1.1/32"),
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for name, testCase := range testCases {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			err := testCase.firewall.validate()
-
-			assert.ErrorIs(t, err, testCase.errWrapped)
-			if testCase.errWrapped != nil {
-				assert.EqualError(t, err, testCase.errMessage)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/health.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/health.go
@@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/netip"
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/validate"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// Health contains settings for the healthcheck and health server.
-type Health struct {
-	// ServerAddress is the listening address
-	// for the health check server.
-	// It cannot be the empty string in the internal state.
-	ServerAddress string
-	// TargetAddresses are the addresses (host or host:port)
-	// to TCP TLS dial to periodically for the health check.
-	// Addresses after the first one are used as fallbacks for retries.
-	// It cannot be empty in the internal state.
-	TargetAddresses []string
-	// ICMPTargetIPs are the IP addresses to use for ICMP echo requests
-	// in the health checker. The slice can be set to a single
-	// unspecified address (0.0.0.0) such that the VPN server IP is used,
-	// although this can be less reliable. It defaults to [1.1.1.1,8.8.8.8],
-	// and cannot be left empty in the internal state.
-	ICMPTargetIPs []netip.Addr
-	// SmallCheckType is the type of small health check to perform.
-	// It can be "icmp" or "dns", and defaults to "icmp".
-	// Note it changes automatically to dns if icmp is not supported.
-	SmallCheckType string
-	// RestartVPN indicates whether to restart the VPN connection
-	// when the healthcheck fails.
-	RestartVPN *bool
-}
-
-var (
-	ErrICMPTargetIPNotValid       = errors.New("ICMP target IP address is not valid")
-	ErrICMPTargetIPsNotCompatible = errors.New("ICMP target IP addresses are not compatible")
-	ErrSmallCheckTypeNotValid     = errors.New("small check type is not valid")
-)
-
-func (h Health) Validate() (err error) {
-	err = validate.ListeningAddress(h.ServerAddress, os.Getuid())
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("server listening address is not valid: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, ip := range h.ICMPTargetIPs {
-		switch {
-		case !ip.IsValid():
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrICMPTargetIPNotValid, ip)
-		case ip.IsUnspecified() && len(h.ICMPTargetIPs) > 1:
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: only a single IP address must be set if it is to be unspecified",
-				ErrICMPTargetIPsNotCompatible)
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = validate.IsOneOf(h.SmallCheckType, "icmp", "dns")
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrSmallCheckTypeNotValid, err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (h *Health) copy() (copied Health) {
-	return Health{
-		ServerAddress:   h.ServerAddress,
-		TargetAddresses: h.TargetAddresses,
-		ICMPTargetIPs:   gosettings.CopySlice(h.ICMPTargetIPs),
-		SmallCheckType:  h.SmallCheckType,
-		RestartVPN:      gosettings.CopyPointer(h.RestartVPN),
-	}
-}
-
-// OverrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (h *Health) OverrideWith(other Health) {
-	h.ServerAddress = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(h.ServerAddress, other.ServerAddress)
-	h.TargetAddresses = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(h.TargetAddresses, other.TargetAddresses)
-	h.ICMPTargetIPs = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(h.ICMPTargetIPs, other.ICMPTargetIPs)
-	h.SmallCheckType = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(h.SmallCheckType, other.SmallCheckType)
-	h.RestartVPN = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(h.RestartVPN, other.RestartVPN)
-}
-
-func (h *Health) SetDefaults() {
-	h.ServerAddress = gosettings.DefaultComparable(h.ServerAddress, "127.0.0.1:9999")
-	h.TargetAddresses = gosettings.DefaultSlice(h.TargetAddresses, []string{"cloudflare.com:443", "github.com:443"})
-	h.ICMPTargetIPs = gosettings.DefaultSlice(h.ICMPTargetIPs, []netip.Addr{
-		netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 1, 1, 1}),
-		netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{8, 8, 8, 8}),
-	})
-	h.SmallCheckType = gosettings.DefaultComparable(h.SmallCheckType, "icmp")
-	h.RestartVPN = gosettings.DefaultPointer(h.RestartVPN, true)
-}
-
-func (h Health) String() string {
-	return h.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (h Health) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Health settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Server listening address: %s", h.ServerAddress)
-	targetAddrs := node.Appendf("Target addresses:")
-	for _, targetAddr := range h.TargetAddresses {
-		targetAddrs.Append(targetAddr)
-	}
-	switch h.SmallCheckType {
-	case "icmp":
-		icmpNode := node.Appendf("Small health check type: ICMP echo request")
-		if len(h.ICMPTargetIPs) == 1 && h.ICMPTargetIPs[0].IsUnspecified() {
-			icmpNode.Appendf("ICMP target IP: VPN server IP address")
-		} else {
-			icmpIPs := icmpNode.Appendf("ICMP target IPs:")
-			for _, ip := range h.ICMPTargetIPs {
-				icmpIPs.Append(ip.String())
-			}
-		}
-	case "dns":
-		node.Appendf("Small health check type: Plain DNS lookup over UDP")
-	}
-	node.Appendf("Restart VPN on healthcheck failure: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(h.RestartVPN))
-	return node
-}
-
-func (h *Health) Read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
-	h.ServerAddress = r.String("HEALTH_SERVER_ADDRESS")
-	h.TargetAddresses = r.CSV("HEALTH_TARGET_ADDRESSES",
-		reader.RetroKeys("HEALTH_ADDRESS_TO_PING", "HEALTH_TARGET_ADDRESS"))
-	h.ICMPTargetIPs, err = r.CSVNetipAddresses("HEALTH_ICMP_TARGET_IPS", reader.RetroKeys("HEALTH_ICMP_TARGET_IP"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	h.SmallCheckType = r.String("HEALTH_SMALL_CHECK_TYPE")
-	h.RestartVPN, err = r.BoolPtr("HEALTH_RESTART_VPN")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers.go
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-func ptrTo[T any](value T) *T {
-	return &value
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/belong.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/belong.go
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-func IsOneOf[T comparable](value T, choices ...T) (ok bool) {
-	for _, choice := range choices {
-		if value == choice {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers_test.go
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-
-type sourceKeyValue struct {
-	key   string
-	value string
-}
-
-func newMockSource(ctrl *gomock.Controller, keyValues []sourceKeyValue) *MockSource {
-	source := NewMockSource(ctrl)
-	var previousCall *gomock.Call
-	for _, keyValue := range keyValues {
-		transformedKey := keyValue.key
-		keyTransformCall := source.EXPECT().KeyTransform(keyValue.key).Return(transformedKey)
-		if previousCall != nil {
-			keyTransformCall.After(previousCall)
-		}
-		isSet := keyValue.value != ""
-		previousCall = source.EXPECT().Get(transformedKey).
-			Return(keyValue.value, isSet).After(keyTransformCall)
-		if isSet {
-			previousCall = source.EXPECT().KeyTransform(keyValue.key).
-				Return(transformedKey).After(previousCall)
-			previousCall = source.EXPECT().String().
-				Return("mock source").After(previousCall)
-		}
-	}
-	return source
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/httpproxy.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/httpproxy.go
@@ -1,182 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/validate"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// HTTPProxy contains settings to configure the HTTP proxy.
-type HTTPProxy struct {
-	// User is the username to use for the HTTP proxy.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	User *string
-	// Password is the password to use for the HTTP proxy.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Password *string
-	// ListeningAddress is the listening address
-	// of the HTTP proxy server.
-	// It cannot be the empty string in the internal state.
-	ListeningAddress string
-	// Enabled is true if the HTTP proxy server should run,
-	// and false otherwise. It cannot be nil in the
-	// internal state.
-	Enabled *bool
-	// Stealth is true if the HTTP proxy server should hide
-	// each request has been proxied to the destination.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Stealth *bool
-	// Log is true if the HTTP proxy server should log
-	// each request/response. It cannot be nil in the
-	// internal state.
-	Log *bool
-	// ReadHeaderTimeout is the HTTP header read timeout duration
-	// of the HTTP server. It defaults to 1 second if left unset.
-	ReadHeaderTimeout time.Duration
-	// ReadTimeout is the HTTP read timeout duration
-	// of the HTTP server. It defaults to 3 seconds if left unset.
-	ReadTimeout time.Duration
-}
-
-func (h HTTPProxy) validate() (err error) {
-	// Do not validate user and password
-	err = validate.ListeningAddress(h.ListeningAddress, os.Getuid())
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrServerAddressNotValid, h.ListeningAddress)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (h *HTTPProxy) copy() (copied HTTPProxy) {
-	return HTTPProxy{
-		User:              gosettings.CopyPointer(h.User),
-		Password:          gosettings.CopyPointer(h.Password),
-		ListeningAddress:  h.ListeningAddress,
-		Enabled:           gosettings.CopyPointer(h.Enabled),
-		Stealth:           gosettings.CopyPointer(h.Stealth),
-		Log:               gosettings.CopyPointer(h.Log),
-		ReadHeaderTimeout: h.ReadHeaderTimeout,
-		ReadTimeout:       h.ReadTimeout,
-	}
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (h *HTTPProxy) overrideWith(other HTTPProxy) {
-	h.User = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(h.User, other.User)
-	h.Password = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(h.Password, other.Password)
-	h.ListeningAddress = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(h.ListeningAddress, other.ListeningAddress)
-	h.Enabled = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(h.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	h.Stealth = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(h.Stealth, other.Stealth)
-	h.Log = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(h.Log, other.Log)
-	h.ReadHeaderTimeout = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(h.ReadHeaderTimeout, other.ReadHeaderTimeout)
-	h.ReadTimeout = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(h.ReadTimeout, other.ReadTimeout)
-}
-
-func (h *HTTPProxy) setDefaults() {
-	h.User = gosettings.DefaultPointer(h.User, "")
-	h.Password = gosettings.DefaultPointer(h.Password, "")
-	h.ListeningAddress = gosettings.DefaultComparable(h.ListeningAddress, ":8888")
-	h.Enabled = gosettings.DefaultPointer(h.Enabled, false)
-	h.Stealth = gosettings.DefaultPointer(h.Stealth, false)
-	h.Log = gosettings.DefaultPointer(h.Log, false)
-	const defaultReadHeaderTimeout = time.Second
-	h.ReadHeaderTimeout = gosettings.DefaultComparable(h.ReadHeaderTimeout, defaultReadHeaderTimeout)
-	const defaultReadTimeout = 3 * time.Second
-	h.ReadTimeout = gosettings.DefaultComparable(h.ReadTimeout, defaultReadTimeout)
-}
-
-func (h HTTPProxy) String() string {
-	return h.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (h HTTPProxy) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("HTTP proxy settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Enabled: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(h.Enabled))
-	if !*h.Enabled {
-		return node
-	}
-
-	node.Appendf("Listening address: %s", h.ListeningAddress)
-	node.Appendf("User: %s", *h.User)
-	node.Appendf("Password: %s", gosettings.ObfuscateKey(*h.Password))
-	node.Appendf("Stealth mode: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(h.Stealth))
-	node.Appendf("Log: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(h.Log))
-	node.Appendf("Read header timeout: %s", h.ReadHeaderTimeout)
-	node.Appendf("Read timeout: %s", h.ReadTimeout)
-
-	return node
-}
-
-func (h *HTTPProxy) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
-	h.User = r.Get("HTTPPROXY_USER",
-		reader.RetroKeys("PROXY_USER", "TINYPROXY_USER"),
-		reader.ForceLowercase(false))
-
-	h.Password = r.Get("HTTPPROXY_PASSWORD",
-		reader.RetroKeys("PROXY_PASSWORD", "TINYPROXY_PASSWORD"),
-		reader.ForceLowercase(false))
-
-	h.ListeningAddress, err = readHTTProxyListeningAddress(r)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	h.Enabled, err = r.BoolPtr("HTTPPROXY", reader.RetroKeys("PROXY", "TINYPROXY"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	h.Stealth, err = r.BoolPtr("HTTPPROXY_STEALTH")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	h.Log, err = readHTTProxyLog(r)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func readHTTProxyListeningAddress(r *reader.Reader) (listeningAddress string, err error) {
-	// Retro-compatible keys using a port only
-	port, err := r.Uint16Ptr("",
-		reader.RetroKeys("HTTPPROXY_PORT", "TINYPROXY_PORT", "PROXY_PORT"),
-		reader.IsRetro("HTTPPROXY_LISTENING_ADDRESS"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	} else if port != nil {
-		return fmt.Sprintf(":%d", *port), nil
-	}
-	const currentKey = "HTTPPROXY_LISTENING_ADDRESS"
-	return r.String(currentKey), nil
-}
-
-func readHTTProxyLog(r *reader.Reader) (enabled *bool, err error) {
-	const currentKey = "HTTPPROXY_LOG"
-	// Retro-compatible keys using different boolean verbs
-	value := r.String("",
-		reader.RetroKeys("PROXY_LOG", "TINYPROXY_LOG"),
-		reader.IsRetro(currentKey))
-	switch strings.ToLower(value) {
-	case "":
-		return r.BoolPtr(currentKey)
-	case "on", "info", "connect", "notice":
-		return ptrTo(true), nil
-	case "disabled", "no", "off":
-		return ptrTo(false), nil
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("HTTP retro-compatible proxy log setting: %w: %s",
-			ErrValueUnknown, value)
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/interfaces.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/interfaces.go
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-type Warner interface {
-	Warn(message string)
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/log.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/log.go
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-	"github.com/qdm12/log"
-)
-
-// Log contains settings to configure the logger.
-type Log struct {
-	// Level is the log level of the logger.
-	// It cannot be empty in the internal state.
-	Level string
-}
-
-func (l Log) validate() (err error) {
-	_, err = log.ParseLevel(l.Level)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("level: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (l *Log) copy() (copied Log) {
-	return Log{
-		Level: l.Level,
-	}
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (l *Log) overrideWith(other Log) {
-	l.Level = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(l.Level, other.Level)
-}
-
-func (l *Log) setDefaults() {
-	l.Level = gosettings.DefaultComparable(l.Level, log.LevelInfo.String())
-}
-
-func (l Log) String() string {
-	return l.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (l Log) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Log settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Log level: %s", l.Level)
-	return node
-}
-
-func (l *Log) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
-	l.Level = r.String("LOG_LEVEL")
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/mocks_generate_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/mocks_generate_test.go
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-//go:generate mockgen -destination=mocks_test.go -package=$GOPACKAGE . Warner
-//go:generate mockgen -destination=mocks_reader_test.go -package=$GOPACKAGE github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader Source
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/mocks_reader_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/mocks_reader_test.go
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
-// Source: github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader (interfaces: Source)
-
-// Package settings is a generated GoMock package.
-package settings
-
-import (
-	reflect "reflect"
-
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-)
-
-// MockSource is a mock of Source interface.
-type MockSource struct {
-	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
-	recorder *MockSourceMockRecorder
-}
-
-// MockSourceMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockSource.
-type MockSourceMockRecorder struct {
-	mock *MockSource
-}
-
-// NewMockSource creates a new mock instance.
-func NewMockSource(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockSource {
-	mock := &MockSource{ctrl: ctrl}
-	mock.recorder = &MockSourceMockRecorder{mock}
-	return mock
-}
-
-// EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use.
-func (m *MockSource) EXPECT() *MockSourceMockRecorder {
-	return m.recorder
-}
-
-// Get mocks base method.
-func (m *MockSource) Get(arg0 string) (string, bool) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Get", arg0)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(string)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(bool)
-	return ret0, ret1
-}
-
-// Get indicates an expected call of Get.
-func (mr *MockSourceMockRecorder) Get(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Get", reflect.TypeOf((*MockSource)(nil).Get), arg0)
-}
-
-// KeyTransform mocks base method.
-func (m *MockSource) KeyTransform(arg0 string) string {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "KeyTransform", arg0)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(string)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// KeyTransform indicates an expected call of KeyTransform.
-func (mr *MockSourceMockRecorder) KeyTransform(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "KeyTransform", reflect.TypeOf((*MockSource)(nil).KeyTransform), arg0)
-}
-
-// String mocks base method.
-func (m *MockSource) String() string {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "String")
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(string)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// String indicates an expected call of String.
-func (mr *MockSourceMockRecorder) String() *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "String", reflect.TypeOf((*MockSource)(nil).String))
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/mocks_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/mocks_test.go
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
-// Source: github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings (interfaces: Warner)
-
-// Package settings is a generated GoMock package.
-package settings
-
-import (
-	reflect "reflect"
-
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-)
-
-// MockWarner is a mock of Warner interface.
-type MockWarner struct {
-	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
-	recorder *MockWarnerMockRecorder
-}
-
-// MockWarnerMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockWarner.
-type MockWarnerMockRecorder struct {
-	mock *MockWarner
-}
-
-// NewMockWarner creates a new mock instance.
-func NewMockWarner(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockWarner {
-	mock := &MockWarner{ctrl: ctrl}
-	mock.recorder = &MockWarnerMockRecorder{mock}
-	return mock
-}
-
-// EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use.
-func (m *MockWarner) EXPECT() *MockWarnerMockRecorder {
-	return m.recorder
-}
-
-// Warn mocks base method.
-func (m *MockWarner) Warn(arg0 string) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	m.ctrl.Call(m, "Warn", arg0)
-}
-
-// Warn indicates an expected call of Warn.
-func (mr *MockWarnerMockRecorder) Warn(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Warn", reflect.TypeOf((*MockWarner)(nil).Warn), arg0)
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/nordvpn_retro.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/nordvpn_retro.go
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-// Retro-compatibility because SERVER_REGIONS changed to SERVER_COUNTRIES
-// and SERVER_REGIONS is now the continent field for servers.
-// TODO v4 remove.
-func nordvpnRetroRegion(selection ServerSelection, validRegions, validCountries []string) (
-	updatedSelection ServerSelection,
-) {
-	validRegionsMap := stringSliceToMap(validRegions)
-	validCountriesMap := stringSliceToMap(validCountries)
-
-	updatedSelection = selection.copy()
-	updatedSelection.Regions = make([]string, 0, len(selection.Regions))
-	for _, region := range selection.Regions {
-		_, isValid := validRegionsMap[region]
-		if isValid {
-			updatedSelection.Regions = append(updatedSelection.Regions, region)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		_, isValid = validCountriesMap[region]
-		if !isValid {
-			// Region is not valid for the country or region
-			// just leave it to the validation to fail it later
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// Region is not valid for a region, but is a valid country
-		// Handle retro-compatibility and transfer the value to the
-		// country field.
-		updatedSelection.Countries = append(updatedSelection.Countries, region)
-	}
-
-	return updatedSelection
-}
-
-func stringSliceToMap(slice []string) (m map[string]struct{}) {
-	m = make(map[string]struct{}, len(slice))
-	for _, s := range slice {
-		m[s] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	return m
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/openvpn.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/openvpn.go
@@ -1,436 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"fmt"
-	"regexp"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/openvpn"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/providers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/openvpn/extract"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider/privateinternetaccess/presets"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/validate"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// OpenVPN contains settings to configure the OpenVPN client.
-type OpenVPN struct {
-	// Version is the OpenVPN version to run.
-	// It can only be "2.5" or "2.6".
-	Version string `json:"version"`
-	// User is the OpenVPN authentication username.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state if OpenVPN is used.
-	// It is usually required but in some cases can be the empty string
-	// to indicate no user+password authentication is needed.
-	User *string `json:"user"`
-	// Password is the OpenVPN authentication password.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state if OpenVPN is used.
-	// It is usually required but in some cases can be the empty string
-	// to indicate no user+password authentication is needed.
-	Password *string `json:"password"`
-	// ConfFile is a custom OpenVPN configuration file path.
-	// It can be set to the empty string for it to be ignored.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	ConfFile *string `json:"config_file_path"`
-	// Ciphers is a list of ciphers to use for OpenVPN,
-	// different from the ones specified by the VPN
-	// service provider configuration files.
-	Ciphers []string `json:"ciphers"`
-	// Auth is an auth algorithm to use in OpenVPN instead
-	// of the one specified by the VPN service provider.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	// It is ignored if it is set to the empty string.
-	Auth *string `json:"auth"`
-	// Cert is the base64 encoded DER of an OpenVPN certificate for the <cert> block.
-	// This is notably used by Cyberghost and VPN secure.
-	// It can be set to the empty string to be ignored.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Cert *string `json:"cert"`
-	// Key is the base64 encoded DER of an OpenVPN key.
-	// This is used by Cyberghost and VPN Unlimited.
-	// It can be set to the empty string to be ignored.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Key *string `json:"key"`
-	// EncryptedKey is the base64 encoded DER of an encrypted key for OpenVPN.
-	// It is used by VPN secure.
-	// It defaults to the empty string meaning it is not
-	// to be used. KeyPassphrase must be set if this one is set.
-	EncryptedKey *string `json:"encrypted_key"`
-	// KeyPassphrase is the key passphrase to be used by OpenVPN
-	// to decrypt the EncryptedPrivateKey. It defaults to the
-	// empty string and must be set if EncryptedPrivateKey is set.
-	KeyPassphrase *string `json:"key_passphrase"`
-	// PIAEncPreset is the encryption preset for
-	// Private Internet Access. It can be set to an
-	// empty string for other providers.
-	PIAEncPreset *string `json:"pia_encryption_preset"`
-	// MSSFix is the value (1 to 10000) to set for the
-	// mssfix option for OpenVPN. It is ignored if set to 0.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	MSSFix *uint16 `json:"mssfix"`
-	// Interface is the OpenVPN device interface name.
-	// It cannot be an empty string in the internal state.
-	Interface string `json:"interface"`
-	// ProcessUser is the OpenVPN process OS username
-	// to use. It cannot be empty in the internal state.
-	// It defaults to 'root'.
-	ProcessUser string `json:"process_user"`
-	// Verbosity is the OpenVPN verbosity level from 0 to 6.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Verbosity *int `json:"verbosity"`
-	// Flags is a slice of additional flags to be passed
-	// to the OpenVPN program.
-	Flags []string `json:"flags"`
-}
-
-var ivpnAccountID = regexp.MustCompile(`^(i|ivpn)\-[a-zA-Z0-9]{4}\-[a-zA-Z0-9]{4}\-[a-zA-Z0-9]{4}$`)
-
-func (o OpenVPN) validate(vpnProvider string) (err error) {
-	// Validate version
-	validVersions := []string{openvpn.Openvpn25, openvpn.Openvpn26}
-	if err = validate.IsOneOf(o.Version, validVersions...); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrOpenVPNVersionIsNotValid, err)
-	}
-
-	isCustom := vpnProvider == providers.Custom
-	isUserRequired := !isCustom &&
-		vpnProvider != providers.Airvpn &&
-		vpnProvider != providers.VPNSecure
-
-	if isUserRequired && *o.User == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrOpenVPNUserIsEmpty)
-	}
-
-	passwordRequired := isUserRequired &&
-		(vpnProvider != providers.Ivpn || !ivpnAccountID.MatchString(*o.User))
-
-	if passwordRequired && *o.Password == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrOpenVPNPasswordIsEmpty)
-	}
-
-	err = validateOpenVPNConfigFilepath(isCustom, *o.ConfFile)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("custom configuration file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = validateOpenVPNClientCertificate(vpnProvider, *o.Cert)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("client certificate: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = validateOpenVPNClientKey(vpnProvider, *o.Key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("client key: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = validateOpenVPNEncryptedKey(vpnProvider, *o.EncryptedKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("encrypted key: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if *o.EncryptedKey != "" && *o.KeyPassphrase == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrOpenVPNKeyPassphraseIsEmpty)
-	}
-
-	const maxMSSFix = 10000
-	if *o.MSSFix > maxMSSFix {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d is over the maximum value of %d",
-			ErrOpenVPNMSSFixIsTooHigh, *o.MSSFix, maxMSSFix)
-	}
-
-	if !regexpInterfaceName.MatchString(o.Interface) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: '%s' does not match regex '%s'",
-			ErrOpenVPNInterfaceNotValid, o.Interface, regexpInterfaceName)
-	}
-
-	if *o.Verbosity < 0 || *o.Verbosity > 6 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d can only be between 0 and 5",
-			ErrOpenVPNVerbosityIsOutOfBounds, o.Verbosity)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func validateOpenVPNConfigFilepath(isCustom bool,
-	confFile string,
-) (err error) {
-	if !isCustom {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if confFile == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrFilepathMissing)
-	}
-
-	err = validate.FileExists(confFile)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	extractor := extract.New()
-	_, _, err = extractor.Data(confFile)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("extracting information from custom configuration file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func validateOpenVPNClientCertificate(vpnProvider,
-	clientCert string,
-) (err error) {
-	switch vpnProvider {
-	case
-		providers.Airvpn,
-		providers.Cyberghost,
-		providers.VPNSecure,
-		providers.VPNUnlimited:
-		if clientCert == "" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrMissingValue)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if clientCert == "" {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	_, err = base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(clientCert)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func validateOpenVPNClientKey(vpnProvider, clientKey string) (err error) {
-	switch vpnProvider {
-	case
-		providers.Airvpn,
-		providers.Cyberghost,
-		providers.VPNUnlimited,
-		providers.Wevpn:
-		if clientKey == "" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrMissingValue)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if clientKey == "" {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	_, err = base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(clientKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func validateOpenVPNEncryptedKey(vpnProvider,
-	encryptedPrivateKey string,
-) (err error) {
-	if vpnProvider == providers.VPNSecure && encryptedPrivateKey == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrMissingValue)
-	}
-
-	if encryptedPrivateKey == "" {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	_, err = base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(encryptedPrivateKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPN) copy() (copied OpenVPN) {
-	return OpenVPN{
-		Version:       o.Version,
-		User:          gosettings.CopyPointer(o.User),
-		Password:      gosettings.CopyPointer(o.Password),
-		ConfFile:      gosettings.CopyPointer(o.ConfFile),
-		Ciphers:       gosettings.CopySlice(o.Ciphers),
-		Auth:          gosettings.CopyPointer(o.Auth),
-		Cert:          gosettings.CopyPointer(o.Cert),
-		Key:           gosettings.CopyPointer(o.Key),
-		EncryptedKey:  gosettings.CopyPointer(o.EncryptedKey),
-		KeyPassphrase: gosettings.CopyPointer(o.KeyPassphrase),
-		PIAEncPreset:  gosettings.CopyPointer(o.PIAEncPreset),
-		MSSFix:        gosettings.CopyPointer(o.MSSFix),
-		Interface:     o.Interface,
-		ProcessUser:   o.ProcessUser,
-		Verbosity:     gosettings.CopyPointer(o.Verbosity),
-		Flags:         gosettings.CopySlice(o.Flags),
-	}
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (o *OpenVPN) overrideWith(other OpenVPN) {
-	o.Version = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(o.Version, other.Version)
-	o.User = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(o.User, other.User)
-	o.Password = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(o.Password, other.Password)
-	o.ConfFile = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(o.ConfFile, other.ConfFile)
-	o.Ciphers = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(o.Ciphers, other.Ciphers)
-	o.Auth = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(o.Auth, other.Auth)
-	o.Cert = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(o.Cert, other.Cert)
-	o.Key = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(o.Key, other.Key)
-	o.EncryptedKey = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(o.EncryptedKey, other.EncryptedKey)
-	o.KeyPassphrase = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(o.KeyPassphrase, other.KeyPassphrase)
-	o.PIAEncPreset = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(o.PIAEncPreset, other.PIAEncPreset)
-	o.MSSFix = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(o.MSSFix, other.MSSFix)
-	o.Interface = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(o.Interface, other.Interface)
-	o.ProcessUser = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(o.ProcessUser, other.ProcessUser)
-	o.Verbosity = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(o.Verbosity, other.Verbosity)
-	o.Flags = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(o.Flags, other.Flags)
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPN) setDefaults(vpnProvider string) {
-	o.Version = gosettings.DefaultComparable(o.Version, openvpn.Openvpn26)
-	o.User = gosettings.DefaultPointer(o.User, "")
-	if vpnProvider == providers.Mullvad {
-		o.Password = gosettings.DefaultPointer(o.Password, "m")
-	} else {
-		o.Password = gosettings.DefaultPointer(o.Password, "")
-	}
-
-	o.ConfFile = gosettings.DefaultPointer(o.ConfFile, "")
-	o.Auth = gosettings.DefaultPointer(o.Auth, "")
-	o.Cert = gosettings.DefaultPointer(o.Cert, "")
-	o.Key = gosettings.DefaultPointer(o.Key, "")
-	o.EncryptedKey = gosettings.DefaultPointer(o.EncryptedKey, "")
-	o.KeyPassphrase = gosettings.DefaultPointer(o.KeyPassphrase, "")
-
-	var defaultEncPreset string
-	if vpnProvider == providers.PrivateInternetAccess {
-		defaultEncPreset = presets.Strong
-	}
-	o.PIAEncPreset = gosettings.DefaultPointer(o.PIAEncPreset, defaultEncPreset)
-	o.MSSFix = gosettings.DefaultPointer(o.MSSFix, 0)
-	o.Interface = gosettings.DefaultComparable(o.Interface, "tun0")
-	o.ProcessUser = gosettings.DefaultComparable(o.ProcessUser, "root")
-	o.Verbosity = gosettings.DefaultPointer(o.Verbosity, 1)
-}
-
-func (o OpenVPN) String() string {
-	return o.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (o OpenVPN) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("OpenVPN settings:")
-	node.Appendf("OpenVPN version: %s", o.Version)
-	node.Appendf("User: %s", gosettings.ObfuscateKey(*o.User))
-	node.Appendf("Password: %s", gosettings.ObfuscateKey(*o.Password))
-
-	if *o.ConfFile != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Custom configuration file: %s", *o.ConfFile)
-	}
-
-	if len(o.Ciphers) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Ciphers: %s", o.Ciphers)
-	}
-
-	if *o.Auth != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Auth: %s", *o.Auth)
-	}
-
-	if *o.Cert != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Client crt: %s", gosettings.ObfuscateKey(*o.Cert))
-	}
-
-	if *o.Key != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Client key: %s", gosettings.ObfuscateKey(*o.Key))
-	}
-
-	if *o.EncryptedKey != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Encrypted key: %s (key passhrapse %s)",
-			gosettings.ObfuscateKey(*o.EncryptedKey), gosettings.ObfuscateKey(*o.KeyPassphrase))
-	}
-
-	if *o.PIAEncPreset != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Private Internet Access encryption preset: %s", *o.PIAEncPreset)
-	}
-
-	if *o.MSSFix > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("MSS Fix: %d", *o.MSSFix)
-	}
-
-	if o.Interface != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Network interface: %s", o.Interface)
-	}
-
-	node.Appendf("Run OpenVPN as: %s", o.ProcessUser)
-
-	node.Appendf("Verbosity level: %d", *o.Verbosity)
-
-	if len(o.Flags) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Flags: %s", o.Flags)
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
-
-// WithDefaults is a shorthand using setDefaults.
-// It's used in unit tests in other packages.
-func (o OpenVPN) WithDefaults(provider string) OpenVPN {
-	o.setDefaults(provider)
-	return o
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPN) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
-	o.Version = r.String("OPENVPN_VERSION")
-	o.User = r.Get("OPENVPN_USER", reader.RetroKeys("USER"), reader.ForceLowercase(false))
-	o.Password = r.Get("OPENVPN_PASSWORD", reader.RetroKeys("PASSWORD"), reader.ForceLowercase(false))
-	o.ConfFile = r.Get("OPENVPN_CUSTOM_CONFIG", reader.ForceLowercase(false))
-	o.Ciphers = r.CSV("OPENVPN_CIPHERS", reader.RetroKeys("OPENVPN_CIPHER"))
-	o.Auth = r.Get("OPENVPN_AUTH")
-	o.Cert = r.Get("OPENVPN_CERT", reader.ForceLowercase(false))
-	o.Key = r.Get("OPENVPN_KEY", reader.ForceLowercase(false))
-	o.EncryptedKey = r.Get("OPENVPN_ENCRYPTED_KEY", reader.ForceLowercase(false))
-	o.KeyPassphrase = r.Get("OPENVPN_KEY_PASSPHRASE", reader.ForceLowercase(false))
-	o.PIAEncPreset = r.Get("PRIVATE_INTERNET_ACCESS_OPENVPN_ENCRYPTION_PRESET",
-		reader.RetroKeys("ENCRYPTION", "PIA_ENCRYPTION"))
-
-	o.MSSFix, err = r.Uint16Ptr("OPENVPN_MSSFIX")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	o.Interface = r.String("VPN_INTERFACE",
-		reader.RetroKeys("OPENVPN_INTERFACE"), reader.ForceLowercase(false))
-
-	o.ProcessUser, err = readOpenVPNProcessUser(r)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	o.Verbosity, err = r.IntPtr("OPENVPN_VERBOSITY")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	flagsPtr := r.Get("OPENVPN_FLAGS", reader.ForceLowercase(false))
-	if flagsPtr != nil {
-		o.Flags = strings.Fields(*flagsPtr)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func readOpenVPNProcessUser(r *reader.Reader) (processUser string, err error) {
-	value, err := r.BoolPtr("OPENVPN_ROOT") // Retro-compatibility
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	} else if value != nil {
-		if *value {
-			return "root", nil
-		}
-		const defaultNonRootUser = "nonrootuser"
-		return defaultNonRootUser, nil
-	}
-
-	return r.String("OPENVPN_PROCESS_USER"), nil
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/openvpn_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/openvpn_test.go
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func Test_ivpnAccountID(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCases := []struct {
-		s     string
-		match bool
-	}{
-		{},
-		{s: "abc"},
-		{s: "i"},
-		{s: "ivpn"},
-		{s: "ivpn-aaaa"},
-		{s: "ivpn-aaaa-aaaa"},
-		{s: "ivpn-aaaa-aaaa-aaa"},
-		{s: "ivpn-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa", match: true},
-		{s: "ivpn-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaa"},
-		{s: "ivpn-a6B7-fP91-Zh6Y", match: true},
-		{s: "i-aaaa"},
-		{s: "i-aaaa-aaaa"},
-		{s: "i-aaaa-aaaa-aaa"},
-		{s: "i-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa", match: true},
-		{s: "i-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaa"},
-		{s: "i-a6B7-fP91-Zh6Y", match: true},
-	}
-
-	for _, testCase := range testCases {
-		t.Run(testCase.s, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			match := ivpnAccountID.MatchString(testCase.s)
-
-			assert.Equal(t, testCase.match, match)
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/openvpnselection.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/openvpnselection.go
@@ -1,227 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net/netip"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/providers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider/privateinternetaccess/presets"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/validate"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-type OpenVPNSelection struct {
-	// ConfFile is the custom configuration file path.
-	// It can be set to an empty string to indicate to
-	// NOT use a custom configuration file.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	ConfFile *string `json:"config_file_path"`
-	// Protocol is the OpenVPN network protocol to use,
-	// and can be udp or tcp. It cannot be the empty string
-	// in the internal state.
-	Protocol string `json:"protocol"`
-	// EndpointIP is the server endpoint IP address.
-	// If set, it overrides any IP address from the picked
-	// built-in server connection. To indicate it should
-	// not be used, it should be set to [netip.IPv4Unspecified].
-	// It can never be the zero value in the internal state.
-	EndpointIP netip.Addr `json:"endpoint_ip"`
-	// CustomPort is the OpenVPN server endpoint port.
-	// It can be set to 0 to indicate no custom port should
-	// be used. It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	CustomPort *uint16 `json:"custom_port"`
-	// PIAEncPreset is the encryption preset for
-	// Private Internet Access. It can be set to an
-	// empty string for other providers.
-	PIAEncPreset *string `json:"pia_encryption_preset"`
-}
-
-func (o OpenVPNSelection) validate(vpnProvider string) (err error) {
-	// Validate ConfFile
-	if confFile := *o.ConfFile; confFile != "" {
-		err := validate.FileExists(confFile)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("configuration file: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = validate.IsOneOf(o.Protocol, constants.UDP, constants.TCP)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("network protocol: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Validate TCP
-	if o.Protocol == constants.TCP && helpers.IsOneOf(vpnProvider,
-		providers.Giganews,
-		providers.Ipvanish,
-		providers.Perfectprivacy,
-		providers.Privado,
-		providers.Vyprvpn,
-	) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: for VPN service provider %s",
-			ErrOpenVPNTCPNotSupported, vpnProvider)
-	}
-
-	// Validate CustomPort
-	if *o.CustomPort != 0 {
-		switch vpnProvider {
-		// no restriction on port
-		case providers.Custom, providers.Cyberghost, providers.HideMyAss,
-			providers.Privatevpn, providers.Torguard:
-		// no custom port allowed
-		case providers.Expressvpn, providers.Fastestvpn,
-			providers.Giganews, providers.Ipvanish, providers.Nordvpn,
-			providers.Privado, providers.Purevpn,
-			providers.Surfshark, providers.VPNSecure,
-			providers.VPNUnlimited, providers.Vyprvpn:
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: for VPN service provider %s",
-				ErrOpenVPNCustomPortNotAllowed, vpnProvider)
-		default:
-			var allowedTCP, allowedUDP []uint16
-			switch vpnProvider {
-			case providers.Airvpn:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{
-					53, 80, 443, // IP in 1, 3
-					1194, 2018, 41185, // IP in 1, 2, 3, 4
-				}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{53, 80, 443, 1194, 2018, 41185}
-			case providers.Ivpn:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{80, 443, 1143}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{53, 1194, 2049, 2050}
-			case providers.Mullvad:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{80, 443, 1401}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{53, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1400}
-			case providers.Perfectprivacy:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{44, 443, 4433}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{44, 443, 4433}
-			case providers.PrivateInternetAccess:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{80, 110, 443}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{53, 1194, 1197, 1198, 8080, 9201}
-			case providers.Protonvpn:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{443, 5995, 8443}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{80, 443, 1194, 4569, 5060}
-			case providers.SlickVPN:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{443, 8080, 8888}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{443, 8080, 8888}
-			case providers.Wevpn:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{53, 1195, 1199, 2018}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{80, 1194, 1198}
-			case providers.Windscribe:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{21, 22, 80, 123, 143, 443, 587, 1194, 3306, 8080, 54783}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{53, 80, 123, 443, 1194, 54783}
-			default:
-				panic(fmt.Sprintf("VPN provider %s has no registered allowed ports", vpnProvider))
-			}
-
-			allowedPorts := allowedUDP
-			if o.Protocol == constants.TCP {
-				allowedPorts = allowedTCP
-			}
-			err = validate.IsOneOf(*o.CustomPort, allowedPorts...)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("%w: for VPN service provider %s: %w",
-					ErrOpenVPNCustomPortNotAllowed, vpnProvider, err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Validate EncPreset
-	if vpnProvider == providers.PrivateInternetAccess {
-		validEncryptionPresets := []string{
-			presets.None,
-			presets.Normal,
-			presets.Strong,
-		}
-		if err = validate.IsOneOf(*o.PIAEncPreset, validEncryptionPresets...); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrOpenVPNEncryptionPresetNotValid, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPNSelection) copy() (copied OpenVPNSelection) {
-	return OpenVPNSelection{
-		ConfFile:     gosettings.CopyPointer(o.ConfFile),
-		Protocol:     o.Protocol,
-		EndpointIP:   o.EndpointIP,
-		CustomPort:   gosettings.CopyPointer(o.CustomPort),
-		PIAEncPreset: gosettings.CopyPointer(o.PIAEncPreset),
-	}
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPNSelection) overrideWith(other OpenVPNSelection) {
-	o.ConfFile = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(o.ConfFile, other.ConfFile)
-	o.Protocol = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(o.Protocol, other.Protocol)
-	o.CustomPort = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(o.CustomPort, other.CustomPort)
-	o.EndpointIP = gosettings.OverrideWithValidator(o.EndpointIP, other.EndpointIP)
-	o.PIAEncPreset = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(o.PIAEncPreset, other.PIAEncPreset)
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPNSelection) setDefaults(vpnProvider string) {
-	o.ConfFile = gosettings.DefaultPointer(o.ConfFile, "")
-	o.Protocol = gosettings.DefaultComparable(o.Protocol, constants.UDP)
-	o.EndpointIP = gosettings.DefaultValidator(o.EndpointIP, netip.IPv4Unspecified())
-	o.CustomPort = gosettings.DefaultPointer(o.CustomPort, 0)
-
-	var defaultEncPreset string
-	if vpnProvider == providers.PrivateInternetAccess {
-		defaultEncPreset = presets.Strong
-	}
-	o.PIAEncPreset = gosettings.DefaultPointer(o.PIAEncPreset, defaultEncPreset)
-}
-
-func (o OpenVPNSelection) String() string {
-	return o.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (o OpenVPNSelection) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("OpenVPN server selection settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Protocol: %s", strings.ToUpper(o.Protocol))
-
-	if !o.EndpointIP.IsUnspecified() {
-		node.Appendf("Endpoint IP address: %s", o.EndpointIP)
-	}
-
-	if *o.CustomPort != 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Custom port: %d", *o.CustomPort)
-	}
-
-	if *o.PIAEncPreset != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Private Internet Access encryption preset: %s", *o.PIAEncPreset)
-	}
-
-	if *o.ConfFile != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Custom configuration file: %s", *o.ConfFile)
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPNSelection) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
-	o.ConfFile = r.Get("OPENVPN_CUSTOM_CONFIG", reader.ForceLowercase(false))
-
-	o.Protocol = r.String("OPENVPN_PROTOCOL", reader.RetroKeys("PROTOCOL"))
-
-	o.EndpointIP, err = r.NetipAddr("OPENVPN_ENDPOINT_IP",
-		reader.RetroKeys("OPENVPN_TARGET_IP", "VPN_ENDPOINT_IP"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	o.CustomPort, err = r.Uint16Ptr("OPENVPN_ENDPOINT_PORT",
-		reader.RetroKeys("PORT", "OPENVPN_PORT", "VPN_ENDPOINT_PORT"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	o.PIAEncPreset = r.Get("PRIVATE_INTERNET_ACCESS_OPENVPN_ENCRYPTION_PRESET",
-		reader.RetroKeys("ENCRYPTION", "PIA_ENCRYPTION"))
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/portforward.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/portforward.go
@@ -1,215 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"path/filepath"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/providers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/validate"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// PortForwarding contains settings for port forwarding.
-type PortForwarding struct {
-	// Enabled is true if port forwarding should be activated.
-	// It cannot be nil for the internal state.
-	Enabled *bool `json:"enabled"`
-	// Provider is set to specify which custom port forwarding code
-	// should be used. This is especially necessary for the custom
-	// provider using Wireguard for a provider where Wireguard is not
-	// natively supported but custom port forwarding code is available.
-	// It defaults to the empty string, meaning the current provider
-	// should be the one used for port forwarding.
-	// It cannot be nil for the internal state.
-	Provider *string `json:"provider"`
-	// Filepath is the port forwarding status file path
-	// to use. It can be the empty string to indicate not
-	// to write to a file. It cannot be nil for the
-	// internal state
-	Filepath *string `json:"status_file_path"`
-	// UpCommand is the command to use when the port forwarding is up.
-	// It can be the empty string to indicate not to run a command.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	UpCommand *string `json:"up_command"`
-	// DownCommand is the command to use after the port forwarding goes down.
-	// It can be the empty string to indicate to NOT run a command.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	DownCommand *string `json:"down_command"`
-	// ListeningPort is the port traffic would be redirected to from the
-	// forwarded port. The redirection is disabled if it is set to 0, which
-	// is its default as well.
-	ListeningPort *uint16 `json:"listening_port"`
-	// Username is only used for Private Internet Access port forwarding.
-	Username string `json:"username"`
-	// Password is only used for Private Internet Access port forwarding.
-	Password string `json:"password"`
-}
-
-func (p PortForwarding) Validate(vpnProvider string) (err error) {
-	if !*p.Enabled {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Validate current provider or custom provider specified
-	providerSelected := vpnProvider
-	if *p.Provider != "" {
-		providerSelected = *p.Provider
-	}
-	validProviders := []string{
-		providers.Perfectprivacy,
-		providers.PrivateInternetAccess,
-		providers.Privatevpn,
-		providers.Protonvpn,
-	}
-	if err = validate.IsOneOf(providerSelected, validProviders...); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrPortForwardingEnabled, err)
-	}
-
-	// Validate Filepath
-	if *p.Filepath != "" { // optional
-		_, err := filepath.Abs(*p.Filepath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("filepath is not valid: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if providerSelected == providers.PrivateInternetAccess {
-		switch {
-		case p.Username == "":
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrPortForwardingUserEmpty)
-		case p.Password == "":
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrPortForwardingPasswordEmpty)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (p *PortForwarding) Copy() (copied PortForwarding) {
-	return PortForwarding{
-		Enabled:       gosettings.CopyPointer(p.Enabled),
-		Provider:      gosettings.CopyPointer(p.Provider),
-		Filepath:      gosettings.CopyPointer(p.Filepath),
-		UpCommand:     gosettings.CopyPointer(p.UpCommand),
-		DownCommand:   gosettings.CopyPointer(p.DownCommand),
-		ListeningPort: gosettings.CopyPointer(p.ListeningPort),
-		Username:      p.Username,
-		Password:      p.Password,
-	}
-}
-
-func (p *PortForwarding) OverrideWith(other PortForwarding) {
-	p.Enabled = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(p.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	p.Provider = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(p.Provider, other.Provider)
-	p.Filepath = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(p.Filepath, other.Filepath)
-	p.UpCommand = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(p.UpCommand, other.UpCommand)
-	p.DownCommand = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(p.DownCommand, other.DownCommand)
-	p.ListeningPort = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(p.ListeningPort, other.ListeningPort)
-	p.Username = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(p.Username, other.Username)
-	p.Password = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(p.Password, other.Password)
-}
-
-func (p *PortForwarding) setDefaults() {
-	p.Enabled = gosettings.DefaultPointer(p.Enabled, false)
-	p.Provider = gosettings.DefaultPointer(p.Provider, "")
-	p.Filepath = gosettings.DefaultPointer(p.Filepath, "/tmp/gluetun/forwarded_port")
-	p.UpCommand = gosettings.DefaultPointer(p.UpCommand, "")
-	p.DownCommand = gosettings.DefaultPointer(p.DownCommand, "")
-	p.ListeningPort = gosettings.DefaultPointer(p.ListeningPort, 0)
-}
-
-func (p PortForwarding) String() string {
-	return p.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (p PortForwarding) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	if !*p.Enabled {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	node = gotree.New("Automatic port forwarding settings:")
-
-	listeningPort := "disabled"
-	if *p.ListeningPort != 0 {
-		listeningPort = fmt.Sprintf("%d", *p.ListeningPort)
-	}
-	node.Appendf("Redirection listening port: %s", listeningPort)
-
-	if *p.Provider == "" {
-		node.Appendf("Use port forwarding code for current provider")
-	} else {
-		node.Appendf("Use code for provider: %s", *p.Provider)
-	}
-
-	filepath := *p.Filepath
-	if filepath == "" {
-		filepath = "[not set]"
-	}
-	node.Appendf("Forwarded port file path: %s", filepath)
-
-	if *p.UpCommand != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Forwarded port up command: %s", *p.UpCommand)
-	}
-	if *p.DownCommand != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Forwarded port down command: %s", *p.DownCommand)
-	}
-
-	if p.Username != "" {
-		credentialsNode := node.Appendf("Credentials:")
-		credentialsNode.Appendf("Username: %s", p.Username)
-		credentialsNode.Appendf("Password: %s", gosettings.ObfuscateKey(p.Password))
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
-
-func (p *PortForwarding) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
-	p.Enabled, err = r.BoolPtr("VPN_PORT_FORWARDING",
-		reader.RetroKeys(
-			"PORT_FORWARDING",
-			"PRIVATE_INTERNET_ACCESS_VPN_PORT_FORWARDING",
-		))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	p.Provider = r.Get("VPN_PORT_FORWARDING_PROVIDER")
-
-	p.Filepath = r.Get("VPN_PORT_FORWARDING_STATUS_FILE",
-		reader.ForceLowercase(false),
-		reader.RetroKeys(
-			"PORT_FORWARDING_STATUS_FILE",
-			"PRIVATE_INTERNET_ACCESS_VPN_PORT_FORWARDING_STATUS_FILE",
-		))
-
-	p.UpCommand = r.Get("VPN_PORT_FORWARDING_UP_COMMAND",
-		reader.ForceLowercase(false))
-
-	p.DownCommand = r.Get("VPN_PORT_FORWARDING_DOWN_COMMAND",
-		reader.ForceLowercase(false))
-
-	p.ListeningPort, err = r.Uint16Ptr("VPN_PORT_FORWARDING_LISTENING_PORT")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	usernameKeys := []string{"VPN_PORT_FORWARDING_USERNAME", "OPENVPN_USER", "USER"}
-	for _, key := range usernameKeys {
-		p.Username = r.String(key, reader.ForceLowercase(false))
-		if p.Username != "" {
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	passwordKeys := []string{"VPN_PORT_FORWARDING_PASSWORD", "OPENVPN_PASSWORD", "PASSWORD"}
-	for _, key := range passwordKeys {
-		p.Password = r.String(key, reader.ForceLowercase(false))
-		if p.Password != "" {
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/portforward_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/portforward_test.go
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func Test_PortForwarding_String(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	settings := PortForwarding{
-		Enabled: ptrTo(false),
-	}
-
-	s := settings.String()
-
-	assert.Empty(t, s)
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/provider.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/provider.go
@@ -1,128 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/providers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/vpn"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/validate"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// Provider contains settings specific to a VPN provider.
-type Provider struct {
-	// Name is the VPN service provider name.
-	// It cannot be the empty string in the internal state.
-	Name string `json:"name"`
-	// ServerSelection is the settings to
-	// select the VPN server.
-	ServerSelection ServerSelection `json:"server_selection"`
-	// PortForwarding is the settings about port forwarding.
-	PortForwarding PortForwarding `json:"port_forwarding"`
-}
-
-// TODO v4 remove pointer for receiver (because of Surfshark).
-func (p *Provider) validate(vpnType string, filterChoicesGetter FilterChoicesGetter, warner Warner) (err error) {
-	// Validate Name
-	var validNames []string
-	if vpnType == vpn.OpenVPN {
-		validNames = providers.AllWithCustom()
-		validNames = append(validNames, "pia") // Retro-compatibility
-	} else { // Wireguard
-		validNames = []string{
-			providers.Airvpn,
-			providers.Custom,
-			providers.Fastestvpn,
-			providers.Ivpn,
-			providers.Mullvad,
-			providers.Nordvpn,
-			providers.Protonvpn,
-			providers.Surfshark,
-			providers.Windscribe,
-		}
-	}
-	if err = validate.IsOneOf(p.Name, validNames...); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w for Wireguard: %w", ErrVPNProviderNameNotValid, err)
-	}
-
-	err = p.ServerSelection.validate(p.Name, filterChoicesGetter, warner)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("server selection: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = p.PortForwarding.Validate(p.Name)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("port forwarding: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (p *Provider) copy() (copied Provider) {
-	return Provider{
-		Name:            p.Name,
-		ServerSelection: p.ServerSelection.copy(),
-		PortForwarding:  p.PortForwarding.Copy(),
-	}
-}
-
-func (p *Provider) overrideWith(other Provider) {
-	p.Name = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(p.Name, other.Name)
-	p.ServerSelection.overrideWith(other.ServerSelection)
-	p.PortForwarding.OverrideWith(other.PortForwarding)
-}
-
-func (p *Provider) setDefaults() {
-	p.Name = gosettings.DefaultComparable(p.Name, providers.PrivateInternetAccess)
-	p.PortForwarding.setDefaults()
-	p.ServerSelection.setDefaults(p.Name, *p.PortForwarding.Enabled)
-}
-
-func (p Provider) String() string {
-	return p.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (p Provider) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("VPN provider settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Name: %s", p.Name)
-	node.AppendNode(p.ServerSelection.toLinesNode())
-	node.AppendNode(p.PortForwarding.toLinesNode())
-	return node
-}
-
-func (p *Provider) read(r *reader.Reader, vpnType string) (err error) {
-	p.Name = readVPNServiceProvider(r, vpnType)
-
-	err = p.ServerSelection.read(r, p.Name, vpnType)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("server selection: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = p.PortForwarding.read(r)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("port forwarding: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func readVPNServiceProvider(r *reader.Reader, vpnType string) (vpnProvider string) {
-	vpnProvider = r.String("VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER", reader.RetroKeys("VPNSP"))
-	if vpnProvider == "" {
-		if vpnType != vpn.Wireguard && r.Get("OPENVPN_CUSTOM_CONFIG") != nil {
-			// retro compatibility
-			return providers.Custom
-		}
-		return ""
-	}
-
-	vpnProvider = strings.ToLower(vpnProvider)
-	if vpnProvider == "pia" { // retro compatibility
-		return providers.PrivateInternetAccess
-	}
-
-	return vpnProvider
-}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Quentin McGaw	5bd99b9f35	Fix: DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER	2021-01-06 21:57:16 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	89bd10fc33	Fix DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER behavior	2021-01-03 16:38:46 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	1f52df9747	DNS ready signaling fixed	2021-01-02 23:55:53 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	f04fd845bb	Bug fix: DNS setup failure loop behavior	2021-01-02 23:55:29 +00:00