Chore(deps): Bump peter-evans/dockerhub-description from 4 to 5

Bumps [peter-evans/dockerhub-description](https://github.com/peter-evans/dockerhub-description) from 4 to 5. - [Release notes](https://github.com/peter-evans/dockerhub-description/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/peter-evans/dockerhub-description/compare/v4...v5) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: peter-evans/dockerhub-description dependency-version: '5' dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-major ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
2025-10-31 20:04:12 +00:00
72 changed files with 2507 additions and 2984 deletions
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/provider.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/provider.md
@@ -6,35 +6,12 @@ labels: ":bulb: New provider"

 ---

-Important notes:
+One of the following is required:

- There is no need to support both OpenVPN and Wireguard for a provider, but it's better to support both if possible
- We do **not** implement authentication to access servers information behind a login. This is way too time consuming unfortunately
- If it's not possible to support a provider natively, you can still use the [the custom provider](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/providers/custom.md)
-
-## For Wireguard
-
-Wireguard can be natively supported ONLY if:
-
- the `PrivateKey` field value is the same across all servers for one user account
- the `Address` field value is:
-  - can be found in a structured (JSON etc.) list of servers publicly available; OR
-  - the same across all servers for one user account
- the `PublicKey` field value is:
-  - can be found in a structured (JSON etc.) list of servers publicly available; OR
-  - the same across all servers for one user account
- the `Endpoint` field value:
-  - can be found in a structured (JSON etc.) list of servers publicly available
-  - can be determined using a pattern, for example using country codes in hostnames
-
-If any of these conditions are not met, Wireguard cannot be natively supported or there is no advantage compared to using a custom Wireguard configuration file.
-
-If **all** of these conditions are met, please provide an answer for each of them.
-
-## For OpenVPN
-
-OpenVPN can be natively supported ONLY if one of the following can be provided, by preference in this order:
-
- Publicly accessible URL to a structured (JSON etc.) list of servers **and attach** an example Openvpn configuration file for both TCP and UDP; OR
- Publicly accessible URL to a zip file containing the Openvpn configuration files; OR
+- Publicly accessible URL to a zip file containing the Openvpn configuration files
+- Publicly accessible URL to a structured (JSON etc.) list of servers **and attach** an example Openvpn configuration file for both TCP and UDP
 - Publicly accessible URL to the list of servers **and attach** an example Openvpn configuration file for both TCP and UDP
+
+If the list of servers requires to login **or** is hidden behind an interactive configurator,
+you can only use a custom Openvpn configuration file.
+[The Wiki's OpenVPN configuration file page](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/openvpn-configuration-file.md) describes how to do so.
--- a/.github/workflows/configs/mlc-config.json
+++ b/.github/workflows/configs/mlc-config.json
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
  "retryOn429": false,
  "fallbackRetryDelay": "30s",
  "aliveStatusCodes": [
-    200,
-    429
+    200
  ]
 }
--- a/.github/workflows/markdown.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/markdown.yml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v5

-      - uses: DavidAnson/markdownlint-cli2-action@v21
+      - uses: DavidAnson/markdownlint-cli2-action@v20
        with:
          globs: "**.md"
          config: .markdownlint-cli2.jsonc
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
          use-quiet-mode: yes
          config-file: .github/workflows/configs/mlc-config.json

-      - uses: peter-evans/dockerhub-description@v4
+      - uses: peter-evans/dockerhub-description@v5
        if: github.repository == 'qdm12/gluetun' && github.event_name == 'push'
        with:
          username: qmcgaw
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -56,9 +56,6 @@ linters:
          - revive
        path: internal\/provider\/(common|utils)\/.+\.go
        text: "var-naming: avoid (bad|meaningless) package names"
-      - linters:
-          - lll
-        source: "^// https://.+$"
      - linters:
          - err113
          - mnd
--- a/28
+++ b/28
@@ -164,22 +164,21 @@ ENV VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=pia \
    # Health
    HEALTH_SERVER_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1:9999 \
    HEALTH_TARGET_ADDRESS=cloudflare.com:443 \
-    HEALTH_ICMP_TARGET_IP=1.1.1.1 \
+    HEALTH_ICMP_TARGET_IP=0.0.0.0 \
    HEALTH_RESTART_VPN=on \
-    # DNS
-    DNS_UPSTREAM_RESOLVER_TYPE=DoT \
-    DNS_UPSTREAM_RESOLVERS=cloudflare \
-    DNS_BLOCK_IPS= \
-    DNS_BLOCK_IP_PREFIXES= \
-    DNS_CACHING=on \
-    DNS_UPSTREAM_IPV6=off \
+    # DNS over TLS
+    DOT=on \
+    DOT_PROVIDERS=cloudflare \
+    DOT_PRIVATE_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1/8,10.0.0.0/8,172.16.0.0/12,192.168.0.0/16,169.254.0.0/16,::1/128,fc00::/7,fe80::/10,::ffff:7f00:1/104,::ffff:a00:0/104,::ffff:a9fe:0/112,::ffff:ac10:0/108,::ffff:c0a8:0/112 \
+    DOT_CACHING=on \
+    DOT_IPV6=off \
    BLOCK_MALICIOUS=on \
    BLOCK_SURVEILLANCE=off \
    BLOCK_ADS=off \
-    DNS_UNBLOCK_HOSTNAMES= \
-    DNS_REBINDING_PROTECTION_EXEMPT_HOSTNAMES= \
+    UNBLOCK= \
    DNS_UPDATE_PERIOD=24h \
-    DNS_UPSTREAM_PLAIN_ADDRESSES= \
+    DNS_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1 \
+    DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER=off \
    # HTTP proxy
    HTTPPROXY= \
    HTTPPROXY_LOG=off \
@@ -200,13 +199,10 @@ ENV VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=pia \
    HTTP_CONTROL_SERVER_LOG=on \
    HTTP_CONTROL_SERVER_ADDRESS=":8000" \
    HTTP_CONTROL_SERVER_AUTH_CONFIG_FILEPATH=/gluetun/auth/config.toml \
-    HTTP_CONTROL_SERVER_AUTH_DEFAULT_ROLE="{}" \
    # Server data updater
    UPDATER_PERIOD=0 \
    UPDATER_MIN_RATIO=0.8 \
    UPDATER_VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDERS= \
-    UPDATER_PROTONVPN_USERNAME= \
-    UPDATER_PROTONVPN_PASSWORD= \
    # Public IP
    PUBLICIP_FILE="/tmp/gluetun/ip" \
    PUBLICIP_ENABLED=on \
@@ -222,8 +218,8 @@ ENV VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=pia \
    # Extras
    VERSION_INFORMATION=on \
    TZ= \
-    PUID=1000 \
-    PGID=1000
+    PUID= \
+    PGID=
 ENTRYPOINT ["/gluetun-entrypoint"]
 EXPOSE 8000/tcp 8888/tcp 8388/tcp 8388/udp
 HEALTHCHECK --interval=5s --timeout=5s --start-period=10s --retries=3 CMD /gluetun-entrypoint healthcheck
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 # Gluetun VPN client

-⚠️ This and [gluetun-wiki](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki) are the only websites for Gluetun, other websites claiming to be official are scams ⚠️
-
 Lightweight swiss-army-knife-like VPN client to multiple VPN service providers

 ![Title image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qdm12/gluetun/master/title.svg)
--- a/cmd/gluetun/main.go
+++ b/cmd/gluetun/main.go
@@ -427,8 +427,7 @@ func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
 	parallelResolver := resolver.NewParallelResolver(allSettings.Updater.DNSAddress)
 	openvpnFileExtractor := extract.New()
 	providers := provider.NewProviders(storage, time.Now, updaterLogger,
-		httpClient, unzipper, parallelResolver, publicIPLooper.Fetcher(),
-		openvpnFileExtractor, allSettings.Updater)
+		httpClient, unzipper, parallelResolver, publicIPLooper.Fetcher(), openvpnFileExtractor)

 	vpnLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("vpn"))
 	vpnLooper := vpn.NewLoop(allSettings.VPN, ipv6Supported, allSettings.Firewall.VPNInputPorts,
@@ -467,10 +466,13 @@ func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
 	go shadowsocksLooper.Run(shadowsocksCtx, shadowsocksDone)
 	otherGroupHandler.Add(shadowsocksHandler)

+	controlServerAddress := *allSettings.ControlServer.Address
+	controlServerLogging := *allSettings.ControlServer.Log
 	httpServerHandler, httpServerCtx, httpServerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
 		"http server", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	httpServer, err := server.New(httpServerCtx, allSettings.ControlServer,
+	httpServer, err := server.New(httpServerCtx, controlServerAddress, controlServerLogging,
 		logger.New(log.SetComponent("http server")),
+		allSettings.ControlServer.AuthFilePath,
 		buildInfo, vpnLooper, portForwardLooper, dnsLooper, updaterLooper, publicIPLooper,
 		storage, ipv6Supported)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -3,40 +3,35 @@ module github.com/qdm12/gluetun
 go 1.25.0

 require (
-	github.com/ProtonMail/go-srp v0.0.7
-	github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.3.3
+	github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.3.2
 	github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0
 	github.com/golang/mock v1.6.0
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.1
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.11
 	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.6
-	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4
-	github.com/qdm12/dns/v2 v2.0.0-rc9.0.20251114155417-248acd28339f
+	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.3
+	github.com/qdm12/dns/v2 v2.0.0-rc8
 	github.com/qdm12/gosettings v0.4.4
 	github.com/qdm12/goshutdown v0.3.0
 	github.com/qdm12/gosplash v0.2.0
 	github.com/qdm12/gotree v0.3.0
 	github.com/qdm12/log v0.1.0
 	github.com/qdm12/ss-server v0.6.0
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
 	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.15
 	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1
 	github.com/youmark/pkcs8 v0.0.0-20201027041543-1326539a0a0a
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20241009180824-f66d83c29e7c
-	golang.org/x/net v0.47.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.31.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.46.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.30.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6
 	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0
 )

 require (
-	github.com/ProtonMail/bcrypt v0.0.0-20211005172633-e235017c1baf // indirect
-	github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v1.3.0-proton // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/cronokirby/saferith v0.33.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/native v1.1.0 // indirect
@@ -47,20 +42,18 @@ require (
 	github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.62 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
-	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.5 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.60.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
-	github.com/qdm12/goservices v0.1.1-0.20251104135713-6bee97bd4978 // indirect
+	github.com/qdm12/goservices v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/riobard/go-bloom v0.0.0-20200614022211-cdc8013cb5b3 // indirect
 	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.44.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.29.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.3.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.38.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.43.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.28.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.37.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.35.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,23 +1,9 @@
-github.com/ProtonMail/bcrypt v0.0.0-20210511135022-227b4adcab57/go.mod h1:HecWFHognK8GfRDGnFQbW/LiV7A3MX3gZVs45vk5h8I=
-github.com/ProtonMail/bcrypt v0.0.0-20211005172633-e235017c1baf h1:yc9daCCYUefEs69zUkSzubzjBbL+cmOXgnmt9Fyd9ug=
-github.com/ProtonMail/bcrypt v0.0.0-20211005172633-e235017c1baf/go.mod h1:o0ESU9p83twszAU8LBeJKFAAMX14tISa0yk4Oo5TOqo=
-github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v0.0.0-20230321155629-9a39f2531310/go.mod h1:8TI4H3IbrackdNgv+92dI+rhpCaLqM0IfpgCgenFvRE=
-github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v1.3.0-proton h1:tAQKQRZX/73VmzK6yHSCaRUOvS/3OYSQzhXQsrR7yUM=
-github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v1.3.0-proton/go.mod h1:9whxjD8Rbs29b4XWbB8irEcE8KHMqaR2e7GWU1R+/PE=
-github.com/ProtonMail/go-srp v0.0.7 h1:Sos3Qk+th4tQR64vsxGIxYpN3rdnG9Wf9K4ZloC1JrI=
-github.com/ProtonMail/go-srp v0.0.7/go.mod h1:giCp+7qRnMIcCvI6V6U3S1lDDXDQYx2ewJ6F/9wdlJk=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
-github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.3.3 h1://GnaRtQ/9BY2+GtMk2wtWxVdCRysiaPr5/xBwl7NKw=
-github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.3.3/go.mod h1:S/PKh+4d1HUn4HQovEB8hPJZO6pUZYrIhmXBhsegfXw=
-github.com/bwesterb/go-ristretto v1.2.0/go.mod h1:fUIoIZaG73pV5biE2Blr2xEzDoMj7NFEuV9ekS419A0=
+github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.3.2 h1:gm11iClhK8wFn/GDdINoDaqPkiaGXyVvSwoXINZN+z4=
+github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.3.2/go.mod h1:S/PKh+4d1HUn4HQovEB8hPJZO6pUZYrIhmXBhsegfXw=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
-github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.1.0/go.mod h1:prBCrKB9DV4poKZY1l9zBXg2QJY7mvgRvtMxxK7fi4I=
-github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.1 h1:zqIqSPIndyBh1bjLVVDHMPpVKqp8Su/V+6MeDzzQBQ0=
-github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.1/go.mod h1:uddAzsPgqdMAYatqJ0lsjX1oECcQLIlRpzZh3pJrofs=
-github.com/cronokirby/saferith v0.33.0 h1:TgoQlfsD4LIwx71+ChfRcIpjkw+RPOapDEVxa+LhwLo=
-github.com/cronokirby/saferith v0.33.0/go.mod h1:QKJhjoqUtBsXCAVEjw38mFqoi7DebT7kthcD7UzbnoA=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0 h1:S8gINlzdQ840/4pfAwic/ZE0djQEH3wM94VfqLTZcOM=
@@ -30,8 +16,8 @@ github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 h1:ofyhxvXcZhMsU5ulbFiLKl/XBFqE1GSq7atu8tAmTRI=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0/go.mod h1:17dUlkBOakJ0+DkrSSNjCkIjxS6bF9zb3elmeNGIjoY=
 github.com/josharian/native v1.1.0 h1:uuaP0hAbW7Y4l0ZRQ6C9zfb7Mg1mbFKry/xzDAfmtLA=
 github.com/josharian/native v1.1.0/go.mod h1:7X/raswPFr05uY3HiLlYeyQntB6OO7E/d2Cu7qoaN2w=
-github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.1 h1:bcSGx7UbpBqMChDtsF28Lw6v/G94LPrrbMbdC3JH2co=
-github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.1/go.mod h1:ZQFFVG+MdnR0P+l6wpXgIL4NTtwiKIdBnrBd8Nrxr+0=
+github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.11 h1:In6xLpyWOi1+C7tXUUWv2ot1QvBjxevKAaI6IXrJmUc=
+github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.11/go.mod h1:pMDklpSncoRMuLFrf1W9Ss9KT+0rH90U12bZKk7uwG0=
 github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.6 h1:8RXeL5crjEUFnR2/Sn6GJNWtSQ3Dk8pq4CL3jvdDyjU=
 github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.6/go.mod h1:Ch1tH69qFZu15pkjo5kYi6mth2Zzwzt50oCQKQE9RUs=
 github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 h1:flRD4NNwYAUpkphVc1HcthR4KEIFJ65n8Mw5qdRn3LE=
@@ -55,10 +41,8 @@ github.com/mikioh/ipaddr v0.0.0-20190404000644-d465c8ab6721 h1:RlZweED6sbSArvlE9
 github.com/mikioh/ipaddr v0.0.0-20190404000644-d465c8ab6721/go.mod h1:Ickgr2WtCLZ2MDGd4Gr0geeCH5HybhRJbonOgQpvSxc=
 github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 h1:C3w9PqII01/Oq1c1nUAm88MOHcQC9l5mIlSMApZMrHA=
 github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822/go.mod h1:+n7T8mK8HuQTcFwEeznm/DIxMOiR9yIdICNftLE1DvQ=
-github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4 h1:mye9XuhQ6gvn5h28+VilKrrPoQVanw5PMw/TB0t5Ec4=
-github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4/go.mod h1:2gIqNv+qfxSVS7cM2xJQKtLSTLUE9V8t9Stt+h56mCY=
-github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
-github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
+github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.3 h1:YmeHyLY8mFWbdkNWwpr+qIL2bEqT0o95WSdkNHvL12M=
+github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.3/go.mod h1:MfCQTFTvCcUyyvvwm1+G6H/jORL20Xlb6rzQu9GuUkc=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.5 h1:cxppBPuYhUnsO6yo/aoRol4L7q7UFfdm+bR9r+8l63Y=
@@ -69,10 +53,10 @@ github.com/prometheus/common v0.60.1 h1:FUas6GcOw66yB/73KC+BOZoFJmbo/1pojoILArPA
 github.com/prometheus/common v0.60.1/go.mod h1:h0LYf1R1deLSKtD4Vdg8gy4RuOvENW2J/h19V5NADQw=
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 h1:YagwOFzUgYfKKHX6Dr+sHT7km/hxC76UB0learggepc=
 github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1/go.mod h1:fB45yRUv8NstnjriLhBQLuOUt+WW4BsoGhij/e3PBqk=
-github.com/qdm12/dns/v2 v2.0.0-rc9.0.20251114155417-248acd28339f h1:6wN5D9wACfmXDsQ366egVt0jXY4nqL/QnIwg4nWhXco=
-github.com/qdm12/dns/v2 v2.0.0-rc9.0.20251114155417-248acd28339f/go.mod h1:98foWgXJZ+g8gJIuO+fdO+oWpFei5WShMFTeN4Im2lE=
-github.com/qdm12/goservices v0.1.1-0.20251104135713-6bee97bd4978 h1:TRGpCU1l0lNwtogEUSs5U+RFceYxkAJUmrGabno7J5c=
-github.com/qdm12/goservices v0.1.1-0.20251104135713-6bee97bd4978/go.mod h1:D1Po4CRQLYjccnAR2JsVlN1sBMgQrcNLONbvyuzcdTg=
+github.com/qdm12/dns/v2 v2.0.0-rc8 h1:kbgKPkbT+79nScfuZ0ZcVhksTGo8IUqQ8TTQGnQlZ18=
+github.com/qdm12/dns/v2 v2.0.0-rc8/go.mod h1:VaF02KWEL7xNV4oKfG4N9nEv/kR6bqyIcBReCV5NJhw=
+github.com/qdm12/goservices v0.1.0 h1:9sODefm/yuIGS7ynCkEnNlMTAYn9GzPhtcK4F69JWvc=
+github.com/qdm12/goservices v0.1.0/go.mod h1:/JOFsAnHFiSjyoXxa5FlfX903h20K5u/3rLzCjYVMck=
 github.com/qdm12/gosettings v0.4.4 h1:SM6tOZDf6k8qbjWU8KWyBF4mWIixfsKCfh9DGRLHlj4=
 github.com/qdm12/gosettings v0.4.4/go.mod h1:CPrt2YC4UsURTrslmhxocVhMCW03lIrqdH2hzIf5prg=
 github.com/qdm12/goshutdown v0.3.0 h1:pqBpJkdwlZlfTEx4QHtS8u8CXx6pG0fVo6S1N0MpSEM=
@@ -89,8 +73,8 @@ github.com/riobard/go-bloom v0.0.0-20200614022211-cdc8013cb5b3 h1:f/FNXud6gA3MNr
 github.com/riobard/go-bloom v0.0.0-20200614022211-cdc8013cb5b3/go.mod h1:HgjTstvQsPGkxUsCd2KWxErBblirPizecHcpD3ffK+s=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.13.1 h1:KvO1DLK/DRN07sQ1LQKScxyZJuNnedQ5/wKSR38lUII=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.13.1/go.mod h1:uMEvuHeurkdAXX61udpOXGD/AzZDWNMNyH2VO9fmH0o=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1 h1:7s2iGBzp5EwR7/aIZr8ao5+dra3wiQyKjjFuvgVKu7U=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1/go.mod h1:wZwfW3scLgRK+23gO65QZefKpKQRnfz6sD981Nm4B6U=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0 h1:Xv5erBjTwe/5IxqUQTdXv5kgmIvbHo3QQyRwhJsOfJA=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
 github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.15 h1:9DNdB5s+SgV3bQ2ApL10xRc35ck0DuIX/isZvIk+ubY=
 github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.15/go.mod h1:nbz6k7qbPmH4IRqmfOplQw/tblSgqTqBwxkY0oWt/14=
 github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1 h1:3AEMt62VKqz90r0tmNhog0r/PpWKmrEShJU0wJW6bV0=
@@ -100,72 +84,48 @@ github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5/go.mod h1:SpkAiCQRtJ6TvvxPnOSyH3BMl6unz3xZla
 github.com/youmark/pkcs8 v0.0.0-20201027041543-1326539a0a0a h1:fZHgsYlfvtyqToslyjUt3VOPF4J7aK/3MPcK7xp3PDk=
 github.com/youmark/pkcs8 v0.0.0-20201027041543-1326539a0a0a/go.mod h1:ul22v+Nro/R083muKhosV54bj5niojjWZvU8xrevuH4=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.3.5/go.mod h1:mwnBkeHKe2W/ZEtQ+71ViKU8L12m81fl3OWwC1Zlc8k=
-github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.4.13/go.mod h1:6yULJ656Px+3vBD8DxQVa3kxgyrAnzto9xy5taEt/CY=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200302210943-78000ba7a073/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.7.0/go.mod h1:pYwdfH91IfpZVANVyUOhSIPZaFoJGxTFbZhFTx+dXZU=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.44.0 h1:A97SsFvM3AIwEEmTBiaxPPTYpDC47w720rdiiUvgoAU=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.44.0/go.mod h1:013i+Nw79BMiQiMsOPcVCB5ZIJbYkerPrGnOa00tvmc=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.43.0 h1:dduJYIi3A3KOfdGOHX8AVZ/jGiyPa3IbBozJ5kNuE04=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.43.0/go.mod h1:BFbav4mRNlXJL4wNeejLpWxB7wMbc79PdRGhWKncxR0=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20241009180824-f66d83c29e7c h1:7dEasQXItcW1xKJ2+gg5VOiBnqWrJc+rq0DPKyvvdbY=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20241009180824-f66d83c29e7c/go.mod h1:NQtJDoLvd6faHhE7m4T/1IY708gDefGGjR/iUW8yQQ8=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.4.2/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0-dev.0.20220419223038-86c51ed26bb4/go.mod h1:jJ57K6gSWd91VN4djpZkiMVwK6gcyfeH4XE8wZrZaV4=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.29.0 h1:HV8lRxZC4l2cr3Zq1LvtOsi/ThTgWnUk/y64QSs8GwA=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.29.0/go.mod h1:NyhrlYXJ2H4eJiRy/WDBO6HMqZQ6q9nk4JzS3NuCK+w=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.28.0 h1:gQBtGhjxykdjY9YhZpSlZIsbnaE2+PgjfLWUQTnoZ1U=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.28.0/go.mod h1:yfB/L0NOf/kmEbXjzCPOx1iK1fRutOydrCMsqRhEBxI=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210405180319-a5a99cb37ef4/go.mod h1:p54w0d4576C0XHj96bSt6lcn1PtDYWL6XObtHCRCNQM=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220722155237-a158d28d115b/go.mod h1:XRhObCWvk6IyKnWLug+ECip1KBveYUHfp+8e9klMJ9c=
-golang.org/x/net v0.6.0/go.mod h1:2Tu9+aMcznHK/AK1HMvgo6xiTLG5rD5rZLDS+rp2Bjs=
-golang.org/x/net v0.8.0/go.mod h1:QVkue5JL9kW//ek3r6jTKnTFis1tRmNAW2P1shuFdJc=
-golang.org/x/net v0.47.0 h1:Mx+4dIFzqraBXUugkia1OOvlD6LemFo1ALMHjrXDOhY=
-golang.org/x/net v0.47.0/go.mod h1:/jNxtkgq5yWUGYkaZGqo27cfGZ1c5Nen03aYrrKpVRU=
+golang.org/x/net v0.46.0 h1:giFlY12I07fugqwPuWJi68oOnpfqFnJIJzaIIm2JVV4=
+golang.org/x/net v0.46.0/go.mod h1:Q9BGdFy1y4nkUwiLvT5qtyhAnEHgnQ/zd8PfU6nc210=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220722155255-886fb9371eb4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0 h1:kr88TuHDroi+UVf+0hZnirlk8o8T+4MrK6mr60WkH/I=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0 h1:l60nONMj9l5drqw6jlhIELNv9I0A4OFgRsG9k2oT9Ug=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210330210617-4fbd30eecc44/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210510120138-977fb7262007/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20211007075335-d3039528d8ac/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220520151302-bc2c85ada10a/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220722155257-8c9f86f7a55f/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 h1:3yZWxaJjBmCWXqhN1qh02AkOnCQ1poK6oF+a7xWL6Gc=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0 h1:fdNQudmxPjkdUTPnLn5mdQv7Zwvbvpaxqs831goi9kQ=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
-golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
-golang.org/x/term v0.5.0/go.mod h1:jMB1sMXY+tzblOD4FWmEbocvup2/aLOaQEp7JmGp78k=
-golang.org/x/term v0.6.0/go.mod h1:m6U89DPEgQRMq3DNkDClhWw02AUbt2daBVO4cn4Hv9U=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.7.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
-golang.org/x/text v0.8.0/go.mod h1:e1OnstbJyHTd6l/uOt8jFFHp6TRDWZR/bV3emEE/zU8=
-golang.org/x/text v0.31.0 h1:aC8ghyu4JhP8VojJ2lEHBnochRno1sgL6nEi9WGFGMM=
-golang.org/x/text v0.31.0/go.mod h1:tKRAlv61yKIjGGHX/4tP1LTbc13YSec1pxVEWXzfoeM=
-golang.org/x/time v0.3.0 h1:rg5rLMjNzMS1RkNLzCG38eapWhnYLFYXDXj2gOlr8j4=
-golang.org/x/time v0.3.0/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.30.0 h1:yznKA/E9zq54KzlzBEAWn1NXSQ8DIp/NYMy88xJjl4k=
+golang.org/x/text v0.30.0/go.mod h1:yDdHFIX9t+tORqspjENWgzaCVXgk0yYnYuSZ8UzzBVM=
+golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220210224613-90d013bbcef8 h1:vVKdlvoWBphwdxWKrFZEuM0kGgGLxUOYcY4U/2Vjg44=
+golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220210224613-90d013bbcef8/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.1/go.mod h1:o0xws9oXOQQZyjljx8fwUC0k7L1pTE6eaCbjGeHmOkk=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.38.0 h1:Hx2Xv8hISq8Lm16jvBZ2VQf+RLmbd7wVUsALibYI/IQ=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.38.0/go.mod h1:yEsQ/d/YK8cjh0L6rZlY8tgtlKiBNTL14pGDJPJpYQs=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.37.0 h1:DVSRzp7FwePZW356yEAChSdNcQo6Nsp+fex1SUW09lE=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.37.0/go.mod h1:MBN5QPQtLMHVdvsbtarmTNukZDdgwdwlO5qGacAzF0w=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
--- a/internal/cli/nooplogger.go
+++ b/internal/cli/nooplogger.go
@@ -7,4 +7,3 @@ func newNoopLogger() *noopLogger {
 }

 func (l *noopLogger) Info(string) {}
-func (l *noopLogger) Warn(string) {}
--- a/internal/cli/openvpnconfig.go
+++ b/internal/cli/openvpnconfig.go
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func (c *CLI) OpenvpnConfig(logger OpenvpnConfigLogger, reader *reader.Reader,
 	openvpnFileExtractor := extract.New()

 	providers := provider.NewProviders(storage, time.Now, warner, client,
-		unzipper, parallelResolver, ipFetcher, openvpnFileExtractor, allSettings.Updater)
+		unzipper, parallelResolver, ipFetcher, openvpnFileExtractor)
 	providerConf := providers.Get(allSettings.VPN.Provider.Name)
 	connection, err := providerConf.GetConnection(
 		allSettings.VPN.Provider.ServerSelection, ipv6Supported)
--- a/internal/cli/update.go
+++ b/internal/cli/update.go
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
-	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"time"

@@ -25,8 +24,6 @@ import (
 var (
 	ErrModeUnspecified     = errors.New("at least one of -enduser or -maintainer must be specified")
 	ErrNoProviderSpecified = errors.New("no provider was specified")
-	ErrUsernameMissing     = errors.New("username is required for this provider")
-	ErrPasswordMissing     = errors.New("password is required for this provider")
 )

 type UpdaterLogger interface {
@@ -38,7 +35,7 @@ type UpdaterLogger interface {
 func (c *CLI) Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, logger UpdaterLogger) error {
 	options := settings.Updater{}
 	var endUserMode, maintainerMode, updateAll bool
-	var csvProviders, ipToken, protonUsername, protonPassword string
+	var csvProviders, ipToken string
 	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("update", flag.ExitOnError)
 	flagSet.BoolVar(&endUserMode, "enduser", false, "Write results to /gluetun/servers.json (for end users)")
 	flagSet.BoolVar(&maintainerMode, "maintainer", false,
@@ -50,8 +47,6 @@ func (c *CLI) Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, logger UpdaterLogger) e
 	flagSet.BoolVar(&updateAll, "all", false, "Update servers for all VPN providers")
 	flagSet.StringVar(&csvProviders, "providers", "", "CSV string of VPN providers to update server data for")
 	flagSet.StringVar(&ipToken, "ip-token", "", "IP data service token (e.g. ipinfo.io) to use")
-	flagSet.StringVar(&protonUsername, "proton-username", "", "Username to use to authenticate with Proton")
-	flagSet.StringVar(&protonPassword, "proton-password", "", "Password to use to authenticate with Proton")
 	if err := flagSet.Parse(args); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -69,11 +64,6 @@ func (c *CLI) Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, logger UpdaterLogger) e
 		options.Providers = strings.Split(csvProviders, ",")
 	}

-	if slices.Contains(options.Providers, providers.Protonvpn) {
-		options.ProtonUsername = &protonUsername
-		options.ProtonPassword = &protonPassword
-	}
-
 	options.SetDefaults(options.Providers[0])

 	err := options.Validate()
@@ -81,11 +71,7 @@ func (c *CLI) Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, logger UpdaterLogger) e
 		return fmt.Errorf("options validation failed: %w", err)
 	}

-	serversDataPath := constants.ServersData
-	if maintainerMode {
-		serversDataPath = ""
-	}
-	storage, err := storage.New(logger, serversDataPath)
+	storage, err := storage.New(logger, constants.ServersData)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("creating servers storage: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -108,7 +94,7 @@ func (c *CLI) Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, logger UpdaterLogger) e
 	openvpnFileExtractor := extract.New()

 	providers := provider.NewProviders(storage, time.Now, logger, httpClient,
-		unzipper, parallelResolver, ipFetcher, openvpnFileExtractor, options)
+		unzipper, parallelResolver, ipFetcher, openvpnFileExtractor)

 	updater := updater.New(httpClient, storage, providers, logger)
 	err = updater.UpdateServers(ctx, options.Providers, options.MinRatio)
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/deprecated.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/deprecated.go
@@ -14,10 +14,6 @@ func readObsolete(r *reader.Reader) (warnings []string) {
 		"DOT_VALIDATION_LOGLEVEL":      "DOT_VALIDATION_LOGLEVEL is obsolete because DNSSEC validation is not implemented.",
 		"HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_INITIAL":  "HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_INITIAL is obsolete",
 		"HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_ADDITION": "HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_ADDITION is obsolete",
-		"DNS_SERVER":                   "DNS_SERVER is obsolete because the forwarding server is always enabled.",
-		"DOT":                          "DOT is obsolete because the forwarding server is always enabled.",
-		"DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER": "DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER is obsolete because the forwarding server is always used and " +
-			"forwards local names to private DNS resolvers found in /etc/resolv.conf",
 	}
 	sortedKeys := maps.Keys(keyToMessage)
 	slices.Sort(sortedKeys)
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/dns.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/dns.go
@@ -1,96 +1,42 @@
 package settings

 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
-	"slices"
-	"time"

-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/provider"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
 )

-const (
-	DNSUpstreamTypeDot   = "dot"
-	DNSUpstreamTypeDoh   = "doh"
-	DNSUpstreamTypePlain = "plain"
-)
-
 // DNS contains settings to configure DNS.
 type DNS struct {
-	// UpstreamType can be [dnsUpstreamTypeDot], [dnsUpstreamTypeDoh]
-	// or [dnsUpstreamTypePlain]. It defaults to [dnsUpstreamTypeDot].
-	UpstreamType string `json:"upstream_type"`
-	// UpdatePeriod is the period to update DNS block lists.
-	// It can be set to 0 to disable the update.
-	// It defaults to 24h and cannot be nil in
-	// the internal state.
-	UpdatePeriod *time.Duration
-	// Providers is a list of DNS providers.
-	// It defaults to either ["cloudflare"] or [] if the
-	// UpstreamPlainAddresses field is set.
-	Providers []string `json:"providers"`
-	// Caching is true if the server should cache
-	// DNS responses.
-	Caching *bool `json:"caching"`
-	// IPv6 is true if the server should connect over IPv6.
-	IPv6 *bool `json:"ipv6"`
-	// Blacklist contains settings to configure the filter
-	// block lists.
-	Blacklist DNSBlacklist
-	// UpstreamPlainAddresses are the upstream plaintext DNS resolver
-	// addresses to use by the built-in DNS server forwarder.
-	// Note, if the upstream type is [dnsUpstreamTypePlain] these are merged
-	// together with provider names set in the Providers field.
-	// If this field is set, the Providers field will default to the empty slice.
-	UpstreamPlainAddresses []netip.AddrPort
+	// ServerAddress is the DNS server to use inside
+	// the Go program and for the system.
+	// It defaults to '127.0.0.1' to be used with the
+	// DoT server. It cannot be the zero value in the internal
+	// state.
+	ServerAddress netip.Addr
+	// KeepNameserver is true if the existing DNS server
+	// found in /etc/resolv.conf should be used
+	// Note setting this to true will likely DNS traffic
+	// outside the VPN tunnel since it would go through
+	// the local DNS server of your Docker/Kubernetes
+	// configuration, which is likely not going through the tunnel.
+	// This will also disable the DNS over TLS server and the
+	// `ServerAddress` field will be ignored.
+	// It defaults to false and cannot be nil in the
+	// internal state.
+	KeepNameserver *bool
+	// DOT contains settings to configure the DoT
+	// server.
+	DoT DoT
 }

-var (
-	ErrDNSUpstreamTypeNotValid = errors.New("DNS upstream type is not valid")
-	ErrDNSUpdatePeriodTooShort = errors.New("update period is too short")
-	ErrDNSUpstreamPlainNoIPv6  = errors.New("upstream plain addresses do not contain any IPv6 address")
-	ErrDNSUpstreamPlainNoIPv4  = errors.New("upstream plain addresses do not contain any IPv4 address")
-)
-
 func (d DNS) validate() (err error) {
-	if !helpers.IsOneOf(d.UpstreamType, DNSUpstreamTypeDot, DNSUpstreamTypeDoh, DNSUpstreamTypePlain) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrDNSUpstreamTypeNotValid, d.UpstreamType)
-	}
-
-	const minUpdatePeriod = 30 * time.Second
-	if *d.UpdatePeriod != 0 && *d.UpdatePeriod < minUpdatePeriod {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s must be bigger than %s",
-			ErrDNSUpdatePeriodTooShort, *d.UpdatePeriod, minUpdatePeriod)
-	}
-
-	providers := provider.NewProviders()
-	for _, providerName := range d.Providers {
-		_, err := providers.Get(providerName)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	if d.UpstreamType == DNSUpstreamTypePlain {
-		if *d.IPv6 && !slices.ContainsFunc(d.UpstreamPlainAddresses, func(addrPort netip.AddrPort) bool {
-			return addrPort.Addr().Is6()
-		}) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: in %d addresses", ErrDNSUpstreamPlainNoIPv6, len(d.UpstreamPlainAddresses))
-		} else if !slices.ContainsFunc(d.UpstreamPlainAddresses, func(addrPort netip.AddrPort) bool {
-			return addrPort.Addr().Is4()
-		}) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: in %d addresses", ErrDNSUpstreamPlainNoIPv4, len(d.UpstreamPlainAddresses))
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = d.Blacklist.validate()
+	err = d.DoT.validate()
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("validating DoT settings: %w", err)
 	}

 	return nil
@@ -98,13 +44,9 @@ func (d DNS) validate() (err error) {

 func (d *DNS) Copy() (copied DNS) {
 	return DNS{
-		UpstreamType:           d.UpstreamType,
-		UpdatePeriod:           gosettings.CopyPointer(d.UpdatePeriod),
-		Providers:              gosettings.CopySlice(d.Providers),
-		Caching:                gosettings.CopyPointer(d.Caching),
-		IPv6:                   gosettings.CopyPointer(d.IPv6),
-		Blacklist:              d.Blacklist.copy(),
-		UpstreamPlainAddresses: d.UpstreamPlainAddresses,
+		ServerAddress:  d.ServerAddress,
+		KeepNameserver: gosettings.CopyPointer(d.KeepNameserver),
+		DoT:            d.DoT.copy(),
 	}
 }

@@ -112,72 +54,16 @@ func (d *DNS) Copy() (copied DNS) {
 // settings object with any field set in the other
 // settings.
 func (d *DNS) overrideWith(other DNS) {
-	d.UpstreamType = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(d.UpstreamType, other.UpstreamType)
-	d.UpdatePeriod = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(d.UpdatePeriod, other.UpdatePeriod)
-	d.Providers = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(d.Providers, other.Providers)
-	d.Caching = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(d.Caching, other.Caching)
-	d.IPv6 = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(d.IPv6, other.IPv6)
-	d.Blacklist.overrideWith(other.Blacklist)
-	d.UpstreamPlainAddresses = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(d.UpstreamPlainAddresses, other.UpstreamPlainAddresses)
+	d.ServerAddress = gosettings.OverrideWithValidator(d.ServerAddress, other.ServerAddress)
+	d.KeepNameserver = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(d.KeepNameserver, other.KeepNameserver)
+	d.DoT.overrideWith(other.DoT)
 }

 func (d *DNS) setDefaults() {
-	d.UpstreamType = gosettings.DefaultComparable(d.UpstreamType, DNSUpstreamTypeDot)
-	const defaultUpdatePeriod = 24 * time.Hour
-	d.UpdatePeriod = gosettings.DefaultPointer(d.UpdatePeriod, defaultUpdatePeriod)
-	d.Providers = gosettings.DefaultSlice(d.Providers, []string{
-		provider.Cloudflare().Name,
-	})
-	d.Caching = gosettings.DefaultPointer(d.Caching, true)
-	d.IPv6 = gosettings.DefaultPointer(d.IPv6, false)
-	d.Blacklist.setDefaults()
-	d.UpstreamPlainAddresses = gosettings.DefaultSlice(d.UpstreamPlainAddresses, []netip.AddrPort{})
-}
-
-func defaultDNSProviders() []string {
-	return []string{
-		provider.Cloudflare().Name,
-	}
-}
-
-func (d DNS) GetFirstPlaintextIPv4() (ipv4 netip.Addr) {
-	if d.UpstreamType == DNSUpstreamTypePlain {
-		for _, addrPort := range d.UpstreamPlainAddresses {
-			if addrPort.Addr().Is4() {
-				return addrPort.Addr()
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	ipv4 = findPlainIPv4InProviders(d.Providers)
-	if ipv4.IsValid() {
-		return ipv4
-	}
-
-	// Either:
-	// - all upstream plain addresses are IPv6 and no provider is set
-	// - all providers set do not have a plaintext IPv4 address
-	ipv4 = findPlainIPv4InProviders(defaultDNSProviders())
-	if !ipv4.IsValid() {
-		panic("no plaintext IPv4 address found in default DNS providers")
-	}
-	return ipv4
-}
-
-func findPlainIPv4InProviders(providerNames []string) netip.Addr {
-	providers := provider.NewProviders()
-	for _, name := range providerNames {
-		provider, err := providers.Get(name)
-		if err != nil {
-			// Settings should be validated before calling this function,
-			// so an error happening here is a programming error.
-			panic(err)
-		}
-		if len(provider.Plain.IPv4) > 0 {
-			return provider.Plain.IPv4[0].Addr()
-		}
-	}
-	return netip.Addr{}
+	localhost := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1})
+	d.ServerAddress = gosettings.DefaultValidator(d.ServerAddress, localhost)
+	d.KeepNameserver = gosettings.DefaultPointer(d.KeepNameserver, false)
+	d.DoT.setDefaults()
 }

 func (d DNS) String() string {
@@ -186,100 +72,30 @@ func (d DNS) String() string {

 func (d DNS) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
 	node = gotree.New("DNS settings:")
-
-	node.Appendf("Upstream resolver type: %s", d.UpstreamType)
-
-	upstreamResolvers := node.Append("Upstream resolvers:")
-	if len(d.UpstreamPlainAddresses) > 0 {
-		if d.UpstreamType == DNSUpstreamTypePlain {
-			for _, addr := range d.UpstreamPlainAddresses {
-				upstreamResolvers.Append(addr.String())
-			}
-		} else {
-			node.Appendf("Upstream plain addresses: ignored because upstream type is not plain")
-		}
-	} else {
-		for _, provider := range d.Providers {
-			upstreamResolvers.Append(provider)
-		}
+	node.Appendf("Keep existing nameserver(s): %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(d.KeepNameserver))
+	if *d.KeepNameserver {
+		return node
 	}
-
-	node.Appendf("Caching: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(d.Caching))
-	node.Appendf("IPv6: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(d.IPv6))
-
-	update := "disabled"
-	if *d.UpdatePeriod > 0 {
-		update = "every " + d.UpdatePeriod.String()
-	}
-	node.Appendf("Update period: %s", update)
-
-	node.AppendNode(d.Blacklist.toLinesNode())
-
+	node.Appendf("DNS server address to use: %s", d.ServerAddress)
+	node.AppendNode(d.DoT.toLinesNode())
 	return node
 }

 func (d *DNS) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
-	d.UpstreamType = r.String("DNS_UPSTREAM_RESOLVER_TYPE")
-
-	d.UpdatePeriod, err = r.DurationPtr("DNS_UPDATE_PERIOD")
+	d.ServerAddress, err = r.NetipAddr("DNS_ADDRESS", reader.RetroKeys("DNS_PLAINTEXT_ADDRESS"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

-	d.Providers = r.CSV("DNS_UPSTREAM_RESOLVERS", reader.RetroKeys("DOT_PROVIDERS"))
-
-	d.Caching, err = r.BoolPtr("DNS_CACHING", reader.RetroKeys("DOT_CACHING"))
+	d.KeepNameserver, err = r.BoolPtr("DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

-	d.IPv6, err = r.BoolPtr("DNS_UPSTREAM_IPV6", reader.RetroKeys("DOT_IPV6"))
+	err = d.DoT.read(r)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = d.Blacklist.read(r)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = d.readUpstreamPlainAddresses(r)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return fmt.Errorf("DNS over TLS settings: %w", err)
 	}

 	return nil
 }
-
-func (d *DNS) readUpstreamPlainAddresses(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
-	// If DNS_UPSTREAM_PLAIN_ADDRESSES is set, the user must also set DNS_UPSTREAM_TYPE=plain
-	// for these to be used. This is an added safety measure to reduce misunderstandings, and
-	// reduce odd settings overrides.
-	d.UpstreamPlainAddresses, err = r.CSVNetipAddrPorts("DNS_UPSTREAM_PLAIN_ADDRESSES")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Retro-compatibility - remove in v4
-	// If DNS_ADDRESS is set to a non-localhost address, append it to the other
-	// upstream plain addresses, assuming port 53, and force the upstream type to plain AND
-	// clear any user picked providers, to maintain retro-compatibility behavior.
-	serverAddress, err := r.NetipAddr("DNS_ADDRESS",
-		reader.RetroKeys("DNS_PLAINTEXT_ADDRESS"),
-		reader.IsRetro("DNS_UPSTREAM_PLAIN_ADDRESSES"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	} else if !serverAddress.IsValid() {
-		return nil
-	}
-	isLocalhost := serverAddress.Compare(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1})) == 0
-	if isLocalhost {
-		return nil
-	}
-	const defaultPlainPort = 53
-	addrPort := netip.AddrPortFrom(serverAddress, defaultPlainPort)
-	d.UpstreamPlainAddresses = append(d.UpstreamPlainAddresses, addrPort)
-	d.UpstreamType = DNSUpstreamTypePlain
-	d.Providers = []string{}
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/dns_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/dns_test.go
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/provider"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func Test_defaultDNSProviders(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	names := defaultDNSProviders()
-
-	found := false
-	providers := provider.NewProviders()
-	for _, name := range names {
-		provider, err := providers.Get(name)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		if len(provider.Plain.IPv4) > 0 {
-			found = true
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	require.True(t, found, "no default DNS provider has a plaintext IPv4 address")
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/dnsblacklist.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/dnsblacklist.go
@@ -22,9 +22,6 @@ type DNSBlacklist struct {
 	AddBlockedHosts      []string
 	AddBlockedIPs        []netip.Addr
 	AddBlockedIPPrefixes []netip.Prefix
-	// RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames is a list of hostnames
-	// exempt from DNS rebinding protection.
-	RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames []string
 }

 func (b *DNSBlacklist) setDefaults() {
@@ -36,9 +33,8 @@ func (b *DNSBlacklist) setDefaults() {
 var hostRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^([a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9_][a-zA-Z0-9\-_]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9_])(\.([a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9_][a-zA-Z0-9\-_]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9]))*$`) //nolint:lll

 var (
-	ErrAllowedHostNotValid                   = errors.New("allowed host is not valid")
-	ErrBlockedHostNotValid                   = errors.New("blocked host is not valid")
-	ErrRebindingProtectionExemptHostNotValid = errors.New("rebinding protection exempt host is not valid")
+	ErrAllowedHostNotValid = errors.New("allowed host is not valid")
+	ErrBlockedHostNotValid = errors.New("blocked host is not valid")
 )

 func (b DNSBlacklist) validate() (err error) {
@@ -54,25 +50,18 @@ func (b DNSBlacklist) validate() (err error) {
 		}
 	}

-	for _, host := range b.RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames {
-		if !hostRegex.MatchString(host) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrRebindingProtectionExemptHostNotValid, host)
-		}
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }

 func (b DNSBlacklist) copy() (copied DNSBlacklist) {
 	return DNSBlacklist{
-		BlockMalicious:                     gosettings.CopyPointer(b.BlockMalicious),
-		BlockAds:                           gosettings.CopyPointer(b.BlockAds),
-		BlockSurveillance:                  gosettings.CopyPointer(b.BlockSurveillance),
-		AllowedHosts:                       gosettings.CopySlice(b.AllowedHosts),
-		AddBlockedHosts:                    gosettings.CopySlice(b.AddBlockedHosts),
-		AddBlockedIPs:                      gosettings.CopySlice(b.AddBlockedIPs),
-		AddBlockedIPPrefixes:               gosettings.CopySlice(b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes),
-		RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames: gosettings.CopySlice(b.RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames),
+		BlockMalicious:       gosettings.CopyPointer(b.BlockMalicious),
+		BlockAds:             gosettings.CopyPointer(b.BlockAds),
+		BlockSurveillance:    gosettings.CopyPointer(b.BlockSurveillance),
+		AllowedHosts:         gosettings.CopySlice(b.AllowedHosts),
+		AddBlockedHosts:      gosettings.CopySlice(b.AddBlockedHosts),
+		AddBlockedIPs:        gosettings.CopySlice(b.AddBlockedIPs),
+		AddBlockedIPPrefixes: gosettings.CopySlice(b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes),
 	}
 }

@@ -84,8 +73,6 @@ func (b *DNSBlacklist) overrideWith(other DNSBlacklist) {
 	b.AddBlockedHosts = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(b.AddBlockedHosts, other.AddBlockedHosts)
 	b.AddBlockedIPs = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(b.AddBlockedIPs, other.AddBlockedIPs)
 	b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes, other.AddBlockedIPPrefixes)
-	b.RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(b.RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames,
-		other.RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames)
 }

 func (b DNSBlacklist) ToBlockBuilderSettings(client *http.Client) (
@@ -142,13 +129,6 @@ func (b DNSBlacklist) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
 		}
 	}

-	if len(b.RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames) > 0 {
-		exemptHostsNode := node.Append("Rebinding protection exempt hostnames:")
-		for _, host := range b.RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames {
-			exemptHostsNode.Append(host)
-		}
-	}
-
 	return node
 }

@@ -169,47 +149,23 @@ func (b *DNSBlacklist) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
 		return err
 	}

-	b.AddBlockedIPs, b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes, err = readDNSBlockedIPs(r)
+	b.AddBlockedIPs, b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes,
+		err = readDoTPrivateAddresses(r) // TODO v4 split in 2
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

-	b.AllowedHosts = r.CSV("DNS_UNBLOCK_HOSTNAMES", reader.RetroKeys("UNBLOCK"))
-
-	b.RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames = r.CSV("DNS_REBINDING_PROTECTION_EXEMPT_HOSTNAMES")
+	b.AllowedHosts = r.CSV("UNBLOCK") // TODO v4 change name

 	return nil
 }

-func readDNSBlockedIPs(r *reader.Reader) (ips []netip.Addr,
-	ipPrefixes []netip.Prefix, err error,
-) {
-	ips, err = r.CSVNetipAddresses("DNS_BLOCK_IPS")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-	ipPrefixes, err = r.CSVNetipPrefixes("DNS_BLOCK_IP_PREFIXES")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	// TODO v4 remove this block below
-	privateIPs, privateIPPrefixes, err := readDNSPrivateAddresses(r)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-	ips = append(ips, privateIPs...)
-	ipPrefixes = append(ipPrefixes, privateIPPrefixes...)
-
-	return ips, ipPrefixes, nil
-}
-
 var ErrPrivateAddressNotValid = errors.New("private address is not a valid IP or CIDR range")

-func readDNSPrivateAddresses(r *reader.Reader) (ips []netip.Addr,
+func readDoTPrivateAddresses(reader *reader.Reader) (ips []netip.Addr,
 	ipPrefixes []netip.Prefix, err error,
 ) {
-	privateAddresses := r.CSV("DOT_PRIVATE_ADDRESS", reader.IsRetro("DNS_BLOCK_IP_PREFIXES"))
+	privateAddresses := reader.CSV("DOT_PRIVATE_ADDRESS")
 	if len(privateAddresses) == 0 {
 		return nil, nil, nil
 	}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/dot.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/dot.go
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+package settings
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/provider"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
+)
+
+// DoT contains settings to configure the DoT server.
+type DoT struct {
+	// Enabled is true if the DoT server should be running
+	// and used. It defaults to true, and cannot be nil
+	// in the internal state.
+	Enabled *bool
+	// UpdatePeriod is the period to update DNS block lists.
+	// It can be set to 0 to disable the update.
+	// It defaults to 24h and cannot be nil in
+	// the internal state.
+	UpdatePeriod *time.Duration
+	// Providers is a list of DNS over TLS providers
+	Providers []string `json:"providers"`
+	// Caching is true if the DoT server should cache
+	// DNS responses.
+	Caching *bool `json:"caching"`
+	// IPv6 is true if the DoT server should connect over IPv6.
+	IPv6 *bool `json:"ipv6"`
+	// Blacklist contains settings to configure the filter
+	// block lists.
+	Blacklist DNSBlacklist
+}
+
+var ErrDoTUpdatePeriodTooShort = errors.New("update period is too short")
+
+func (d DoT) validate() (err error) {
+	const minUpdatePeriod = 30 * time.Second
+	if *d.UpdatePeriod != 0 && *d.UpdatePeriod < minUpdatePeriod {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s must be bigger than %s",
+			ErrDoTUpdatePeriodTooShort, *d.UpdatePeriod, minUpdatePeriod)
+	}
+
+	providers := provider.NewProviders()
+	for _, providerName := range d.Providers {
+		_, err := providers.Get(providerName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = d.Blacklist.validate()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *DoT) copy() (copied DoT) {
+	return DoT{
+		Enabled:      gosettings.CopyPointer(d.Enabled),
+		UpdatePeriod: gosettings.CopyPointer(d.UpdatePeriod),
+		Providers:    gosettings.CopySlice(d.Providers),
+		Caching:      gosettings.CopyPointer(d.Caching),
+		IPv6:         gosettings.CopyPointer(d.IPv6),
+		Blacklist:    d.Blacklist.copy(),
+	}
+}
+
+// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
+// settings object with any field set in the other
+// settings.
+func (d *DoT) overrideWith(other DoT) {
+	d.Enabled = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(d.Enabled, other.Enabled)
+	d.UpdatePeriod = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(d.UpdatePeriod, other.UpdatePeriod)
+	d.Providers = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(d.Providers, other.Providers)
+	d.Caching = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(d.Caching, other.Caching)
+	d.IPv6 = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(d.IPv6, other.IPv6)
+	d.Blacklist.overrideWith(other.Blacklist)
+}
+
+func (d *DoT) setDefaults() {
+	d.Enabled = gosettings.DefaultPointer(d.Enabled, true)
+	const defaultUpdatePeriod = 24 * time.Hour
+	d.UpdatePeriod = gosettings.DefaultPointer(d.UpdatePeriod, defaultUpdatePeriod)
+	d.Providers = gosettings.DefaultSlice(d.Providers, []string{
+		provider.Cloudflare().Name,
+	})
+	d.Caching = gosettings.DefaultPointer(d.Caching, true)
+	d.IPv6 = gosettings.DefaultPointer(d.IPv6, false)
+	d.Blacklist.setDefaults()
+}
+
+func (d DoT) GetFirstPlaintextIPv4() (ipv4 netip.Addr) {
+	providers := provider.NewProviders()
+	provider, err := providers.Get(d.Providers[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		// Settings should be validated before calling this function,
+		// so an error happening here is a programming error.
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	return provider.DoT.IPv4[0].Addr()
+}
+
+func (d DoT) String() string {
+	return d.toLinesNode().String()
+}
+
+func (d DoT) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
+	node = gotree.New("DNS over TLS settings:")
+
+	node.Appendf("Enabled: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(d.Enabled))
+	if !*d.Enabled {
+		return node
+	}
+
+	update := "disabled"
+	if *d.UpdatePeriod > 0 {
+		update = "every " + d.UpdatePeriod.String()
+	}
+	node.Appendf("Update period: %s", update)
+
+	upstreamResolvers := node.Append("Upstream resolvers:")
+	for _, provider := range d.Providers {
+		upstreamResolvers.Append(provider)
+	}
+
+	node.Appendf("Caching: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(d.Caching))
+	node.Appendf("IPv6: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(d.IPv6))
+
+	node.AppendNode(d.Blacklist.toLinesNode())
+
+	return node
+}
+
+func (d *DoT) read(reader *reader.Reader) (err error) {
+	d.Enabled, err = reader.BoolPtr("DOT")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	d.UpdatePeriod, err = reader.DurationPtr("DNS_UPDATE_PERIOD")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	d.Providers = reader.CSV("DOT_PROVIDERS")
+
+	d.Caching, err = reader.BoolPtr("DOT_CACHING")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	d.IPv6, err = reader.BoolPtr("DOT_IPV6")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = d.Blacklist.read(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/errors.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/errors.go
@@ -36,8 +36,6 @@ var (
 	ErrSystemPUIDNotValid              = errors.New("process user id is not valid")
 	ErrSystemTimezoneNotValid          = errors.New("timezone is not valid")
 	ErrUpdaterPeriodTooSmall           = errors.New("VPN server data updater period is too small")
-	ErrUpdaterProtonPasswordMissing    = errors.New("proton password is missing")
-	ErrUpdaterProtonUsernameMissing    = errors.New("proton username is missing")
 	ErrVPNProviderNameNotValid         = errors.New("VPN provider name is not valid")
 	ErrVPNTypeNotValid                 = errors.New("VPN type is not valid")
 	ErrWireguardAllowedIPNotSet        = errors.New("allowed IP is not set")
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/health.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/health.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
@@ -17,12 +18,18 @@ type Health struct {
 	// for the health check server.
 	// It cannot be the empty string in the internal state.
 	ServerAddress string
+	// ReadHeaderTimeout is the HTTP server header read timeout
+	// duration of the HTTP server. It defaults to 100 milliseconds.
+	ReadHeaderTimeout time.Duration
+	// ReadTimeout is the HTTP read timeout duration of the
+	// HTTP server. It defaults to 500 milliseconds.
+	ReadTimeout time.Duration
 	// TargetAddress is the address (host or host:port)
 	// to TCP TLS dial to periodically for the health check.
 	// It cannot be the empty string in the internal state.
 	TargetAddress string
 	// ICMPTargetIP is the IP address to use for ICMP echo requests
-	// in the health checker. It can be set to an unspecified address (0.0.0.0)
+	// in the health checker. It can be set to an unspecified address
 	// such that the VPN server IP is used, which is also the default behavior.
 	ICMPTargetIP netip.Addr
 	// RestartVPN indicates whether to restart the VPN connection
@@ -41,10 +48,12 @@ func (h Health) Validate() (err error) {

 func (h *Health) copy() (copied Health) {
 	return Health{
-		ServerAddress: h.ServerAddress,
-		TargetAddress: h.TargetAddress,
-		ICMPTargetIP:  h.ICMPTargetIP,
-		RestartVPN:    gosettings.CopyPointer(h.RestartVPN),
+		ServerAddress:     h.ServerAddress,
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: h.ReadHeaderTimeout,
+		ReadTimeout:       h.ReadTimeout,
+		TargetAddress:     h.TargetAddress,
+		ICMPTargetIP:      h.ICMPTargetIP,
+		RestartVPN:        gosettings.CopyPointer(h.RestartVPN),
 	}
 }

@@ -53,6 +62,8 @@ func (h *Health) copy() (copied Health) {
 // settings.
 func (h *Health) OverrideWith(other Health) {
 	h.ServerAddress = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(h.ServerAddress, other.ServerAddress)
+	h.ReadHeaderTimeout = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(h.ReadHeaderTimeout, other.ReadHeaderTimeout)
+	h.ReadTimeout = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(h.ReadTimeout, other.ReadTimeout)
 	h.TargetAddress = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(h.TargetAddress, other.TargetAddress)
 	h.ICMPTargetIP = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(h.ICMPTargetIP, other.ICMPTargetIP)
 	h.RestartVPN = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(h.RestartVPN, other.RestartVPN)
@@ -60,6 +71,10 @@ func (h *Health) OverrideWith(other Health) {

 func (h *Health) SetDefaults() {
 	h.ServerAddress = gosettings.DefaultComparable(h.ServerAddress, "127.0.0.1:9999")
+	const defaultReadHeaderTimeout = 100 * time.Millisecond
+	h.ReadHeaderTimeout = gosettings.DefaultComparable(h.ReadHeaderTimeout, defaultReadHeaderTimeout)
+	const defaultReadTimeout = 500 * time.Millisecond
+	h.ReadTimeout = gosettings.DefaultComparable(h.ReadTimeout, defaultReadTimeout)
 	h.TargetAddress = gosettings.DefaultComparable(h.TargetAddress, "cloudflare.com:443")
 	h.ICMPTargetIP = gosettings.DefaultComparable(h.ICMPTargetIP, netip.IPv4Unspecified()) // use the VPN server IP
 	h.RestartVPN = gosettings.DefaultPointer(h.RestartVPN, true)
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/server.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/server.go
@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 package settings

 import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"

-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/server/middlewares/auth"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
@@ -27,9 +24,6 @@ type ControlServer struct {
 	// It cannot be empty in the internal state and defaults to
 	// /gluetun/auth/config.toml.
 	AuthFilePath string
-	// AuthDefaultRole is a JSON encoded object defining the default role
-	// that applies to all routes without a previously user-defined role assigned to.
-	AuthDefaultRole string
 }

 func (c ControlServer) validate() (err error) {
@@ -50,30 +44,14 @@ func (c ControlServer) validate() (err error) {
 			ErrControlServerPrivilegedPort, port, uid)
 	}

-	jsonDecoder := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewBufferString(c.AuthDefaultRole))
-	jsonDecoder.DisallowUnknownFields()
-	var role auth.Role
-	err = jsonDecoder.Decode(&role)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("default authentication role is not valid JSON: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if role.Auth != "" {
-		err = role.Validate()
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("default authentication role is not valid: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }

 func (c *ControlServer) copy() (copied ControlServer) {
 	return ControlServer{
-		Address:         gosettings.CopyPointer(c.Address),
-		Log:             gosettings.CopyPointer(c.Log),
-		AuthFilePath:    c.AuthFilePath,
-		AuthDefaultRole: c.AuthDefaultRole,
+		Address:      gosettings.CopyPointer(c.Address),
+		Log:          gosettings.CopyPointer(c.Log),
+		AuthFilePath: c.AuthFilePath,
 	}
 }

@@ -84,21 +62,12 @@ func (c *ControlServer) overrideWith(other ControlServer) {
 	c.Address = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(c.Address, other.Address)
 	c.Log = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(c.Log, other.Log)
 	c.AuthFilePath = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(c.AuthFilePath, other.AuthFilePath)
-	c.AuthDefaultRole = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(c.AuthDefaultRole, other.AuthDefaultRole)
 }

 func (c *ControlServer) setDefaults() {
 	c.Address = gosettings.DefaultPointer(c.Address, ":8000")
 	c.Log = gosettings.DefaultPointer(c.Log, true)
 	c.AuthFilePath = gosettings.DefaultComparable(c.AuthFilePath, "/gluetun/auth/config.toml")
-	c.AuthDefaultRole = gosettings.DefaultComparable(c.AuthDefaultRole, "{}")
-	if c.AuthDefaultRole != "{}" {
-		var role auth.Role
-		_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(c.AuthDefaultRole), &role)
-		role.Name = "default"
-		roleBytes, _ := json.Marshal(role) //nolint:errchkjson
-		c.AuthDefaultRole = string(roleBytes)
-	}
 }

 func (c ControlServer) String() string {
@@ -110,11 +79,6 @@ func (c ControlServer) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
 	node.Appendf("Listening address: %s", *c.Address)
 	node.Appendf("Logging: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(c.Log))
 	node.Appendf("Authentication file path: %s", c.AuthFilePath)
-	if c.AuthDefaultRole != "{}" {
-		var role auth.Role
-		_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(c.AuthDefaultRole), &role)
-		node.AppendNode(role.ToLinesNode())
-	}
 	return node
 }

@@ -127,7 +91,6 @@ func (c *ControlServer) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
 	c.Address = r.Get("HTTP_CONTROL_SERVER_ADDRESS")

 	c.AuthFilePath = r.String("HTTP_CONTROL_SERVER_AUTH_CONFIG_FILEPATH")
-	c.AuthDefaultRole = r.String("HTTP_CONTROL_SERVER_AUTH_DEFAULT_ROLE")

 	return nil
 }
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/settings.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/settings.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package settings

 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"

 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/providers"
@@ -173,11 +174,13 @@ func (s Settings) Warnings() (warnings []string) {
 			"by creating an issue, attaching the new certificate and we will update Gluetun.")
 	}

-	for _, upstreamAddress := range s.DNS.UpstreamPlainAddresses {
-		if upstreamAddress.Addr().IsPrivate() {
-			warnings = append(warnings, "DNS upstream address "+upstreamAddress.String()+" is private: "+
-				"DNS traffic might leak out of the VPN tunnel to that address.")
-		}
+	// TODO remove in v4
+	if s.DNS.ServerAddress.Unmap().Compare(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1})) != 0 {
+		warnings = append(warnings, "DNS address is set to "+s.DNS.ServerAddress.String()+
+			" so the DNS over TLS (DoT) server will not be used."+
+			" The default value changed to 127.0.0.1 so it uses the internal DoT serves."+
+			" If the DoT server fails to start, the IPv4 address of the first plaintext DNS server"+
+			" corresponding to the first DoT provider chosen is used.")
 	}

 	return warnings
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/settings_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/settings_test.go
@@ -38,16 +38,19 @@ func Test_Settings_String(t *testing.T) {
 |       ├── Run OpenVPN as: root
 |       └── Verbosity level: 1
 ├── DNS settings:
-|   ├── Upstream resolver type: dot
-|   ├── Upstream resolvers:
-|   |   └── Cloudflare
-|   ├── Caching: yes
-|   ├── IPv6: no
-|   ├── Update period: every 24h0m0s
-|   └── DNS filtering settings:
-|       ├── Block malicious: yes
-|       ├── Block ads: no
-|       └── Block surveillance: yes
+|   ├── Keep existing nameserver(s): no
+|   ├── DNS server address to use: 127.0.0.1
+|   └── DNS over TLS settings:
+|       ├── Enabled: yes
+|       ├── Update period: every 24h0m0s
+|       ├── Upstream resolvers:
+|       |   └── Cloudflare
+|       ├── Caching: yes
+|       ├── IPv6: no
+|       └── DNS filtering settings:
+|           ├── Block malicious: yes
+|           ├── Block ads: no
+|           └── Block surveillance: yes
 ├── Firewall settings:
 |   └── Enabled: yes
 ├── Log settings:
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/updater.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/updater.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package settings

 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"time"

@@ -32,10 +31,6 @@ type Updater struct {
 	// Providers is the list of VPN service providers
 	// to update server information for.
 	Providers []string
-	// ProtonUsername is the username to authenticate with the Proton API.
-	ProtonUsername *string
-	// ProtonPassword is the password to authenticate with the Proton API.
-	ProtonPassword *string
 }

 func (u Updater) Validate() (err error) {
@@ -56,18 +51,6 @@ func (u Updater) Validate() (err error) {
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrVPNProviderNameNotValid, err)
 		}
-
-		if provider == providers.Protonvpn {
-			authenticatedAPI := *u.ProtonUsername != "" || *u.ProtonPassword != ""
-			if authenticatedAPI {
-				switch {
-				case *u.ProtonUsername == "":
-					return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrUpdaterProtonUsernameMissing)
-				case *u.ProtonPassword == "":
-					return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrUpdaterProtonPasswordMissing)
-				}
-			}
-		}
 	}

 	return nil
@@ -75,12 +58,10 @@ func (u Updater) Validate() (err error) {

 func (u *Updater) copy() (copied Updater) {
 	return Updater{
-		Period:         gosettings.CopyPointer(u.Period),
-		DNSAddress:     u.DNSAddress,
-		MinRatio:       u.MinRatio,
-		Providers:      gosettings.CopySlice(u.Providers),
-		ProtonUsername: gosettings.CopyPointer(u.ProtonUsername),
-		ProtonPassword: gosettings.CopyPointer(u.ProtonPassword),
+		Period:     gosettings.CopyPointer(u.Period),
+		DNSAddress: u.DNSAddress,
+		MinRatio:   u.MinRatio,
+		Providers:  gosettings.CopySlice(u.Providers),
 	}
 }

@@ -92,8 +73,6 @@ func (u *Updater) overrideWith(other Updater) {
 	u.DNSAddress = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(u.DNSAddress, other.DNSAddress)
 	u.MinRatio = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(u.MinRatio, other.MinRatio)
 	u.Providers = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(u.Providers, other.Providers)
-	u.ProtonUsername = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(u.ProtonUsername, other.ProtonUsername)
-	u.ProtonPassword = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(u.ProtonPassword, other.ProtonPassword)
 }

 func (u *Updater) SetDefaults(vpnProvider string) {
@@ -108,10 +87,6 @@ func (u *Updater) SetDefaults(vpnProvider string) {
 	if len(u.Providers) == 0 && vpnProvider != providers.Custom {
 		u.Providers = []string{vpnProvider}
 	}
-
-	// Set these to empty strings to avoid nil pointer panics
-	u.ProtonUsername = gosettings.DefaultPointer(u.ProtonUsername, "")
-	u.ProtonPassword = gosettings.DefaultPointer(u.ProtonPassword, "")
 }

 func (u Updater) String() string {
@@ -128,10 +103,6 @@ func (u Updater) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
 	node.Appendf("DNS address: %s", u.DNSAddress)
 	node.Appendf("Minimum ratio: %.1f", u.MinRatio)
 	node.Appendf("Providers to update: %s", strings.Join(u.Providers, ", "))
-	if slices.Contains(u.Providers, providers.Protonvpn) {
-		node.Appendf("Proton API username: %s", *u.ProtonUsername)
-		node.Appendf("Proton API password: %s", gosettings.ObfuscateKey(*u.ProtonPassword))
-	}

 	return node
 }
@@ -154,14 +125,6 @@ func (u *Updater) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {

 	u.Providers = r.CSV("UPDATER_VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDERS")

-	u.ProtonUsername = r.Get("UPDATER_PROTONVPN_USERNAME")
-	if u.ProtonUsername != nil {
-		// Enforce to use the username not the email address
-		*u.ProtonUsername = strings.TrimSuffix(*u.ProtonUsername, "@protonmail.com")
-		*u.ProtonUsername = strings.TrimSuffix(*u.ProtonUsername, "@proton.me")
-	}
-	u.ProtonPassword = r.Get("UPDATER_PROTONVPN_PASSWORD")
-
 	return nil
 }

--- a/internal/configuration/settings/wireguardselection.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/wireguardselection.go
@@ -155,8 +155,7 @@ func (w WireguardSelection) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
 func (w *WireguardSelection) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
 	w.EndpointIP, err = r.NetipAddr("WIREGUARD_ENDPOINT_IP", reader.RetroKeys("VPN_ENDPOINT_IP"))
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w - note this MUST be an IP address, "+
-			"see https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues/788", err)
+		return err
 	}

 	w.EndpointPort, err = r.Uint16Ptr("WIREGUARD_ENDPOINT_PORT", reader.RetroKeys("VPN_ENDPOINT_PORT"))
--- a/internal/dns/loop.go
+++ b/internal/dns/loop.go
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/netip"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/middlewares/filter/mapfilter"
@@ -17,23 +16,22 @@ import (
 )

 type Loop struct {
-	statusManager  *loopstate.State
-	state          *state.State
-	server         *server.Server
-	filter         *mapfilter.Filter
-	localResolvers []netip.Addr
-	resolvConf     string
-	client         *http.Client
-	logger         Logger
-	userTrigger    bool
-	start          <-chan struct{}
-	running        chan<- models.LoopStatus
-	stop           <-chan struct{}
-	stopped        chan<- struct{}
-	updateTicker   <-chan struct{}
-	backoffTime    time.Duration
-	timeNow        func() time.Time
-	timeSince      func(time.Time) time.Duration
+	statusManager *loopstate.State
+	state         *state.State
+	server        *server.Server
+	filter        *mapfilter.Filter
+	resolvConf    string
+	client        *http.Client
+	logger        Logger
+	userTrigger   bool
+	start         <-chan struct{}
+	running       chan<- models.LoopStatus
+	stop          <-chan struct{}
+	stopped       chan<- struct{}
+	updateTicker  <-chan struct{}
+	backoffTime   time.Duration
+	timeNow       func() time.Time
+	timeSince     func(time.Time) time.Duration
 }

 const defaultBackoffTime = 10 * time.Second
@@ -50,9 +48,7 @@ func NewLoop(settings settings.DNS,
 	statusManager := loopstate.New(constants.Stopped, start, running, stop, stopped)
 	state := state.New(statusManager, settings, updateTicker)

-	filter, err := mapfilter.New(mapfilter.Settings{
-		Logger: buildFilterLogger(logger),
-	})
+	filter, err := mapfilter.New(mapfilter.Settings{})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating map filter: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -104,15 +100,3 @@ func (l *Loop) signalOrSetStatus(status models.LoopStatus) {
 		l.statusManager.SetStatus(status)
 	}
 }
-
-type filterLogger struct {
-	logger Logger
-}
-
-func (l *filterLogger) Log(msg string) {
-	l.logger.Info(msg)
-}
-
-func buildFilterLogger(logger Logger) *filterLogger {
-	return &filterLogger{logger: logger}
-}
--- a/internal/dns/plaintext.go
+++ b/internal/dns/plaintext.go
@@ -10,7 +10,15 @@ import (
 func (l *Loop) useUnencryptedDNS(fallback bool) {
 	settings := l.GetSettings()

-	targetIP := settings.GetFirstPlaintextIPv4()
+	// Try with user provided plaintext ip address
+	// if it's not 127.0.0.1 (default for DoT), otherwise
+	// use the first DoT provider ipv4 address found.
+	var targetIP netip.Addr
+	if settings.ServerAddress.Compare(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1})) != 0 {
+		targetIP = settings.ServerAddress
+	} else {
+		targetIP = settings.DoT.GetFirstPlaintextIPv4()
+	}

 	if fallback {
 		l.logger.Info("falling back on plaintext DNS at address " + targetIP.String())
@@ -19,15 +27,14 @@ func (l *Loop) useUnencryptedDNS(fallback bool) {
 	}

 	const dialTimeout = 3 * time.Second
-	const defaultDNSPort = 53
 	settingsInternalDNS := nameserver.SettingsInternalDNS{
-		AddrPort: netip.AddrPortFrom(targetIP, defaultDNSPort),
-		Timeout:  dialTimeout,
+		IP:      targetIP,
+		Timeout: dialTimeout,
 	}
 	nameserver.UseDNSInternally(settingsInternalDNS)

 	settingsSystemWide := nameserver.SettingsSystemDNS{
-		IPs:        []netip.Addr{targetIP},
+		IP:         targetIP,
 		ResolvPath: l.resolvConf,
 	}
 	err := nameserver.UseDNSSystemWide(settingsSystemWide)
--- a/internal/dns/run.go
+++ b/internal/dns/run.go
@@ -4,23 +4,21 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"

-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/nameserver"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
 )

 func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 	defer close(done)

-	var err error
-	l.localResolvers, err = nameserver.GetPrivateDNSServers()
-	if err != nil {
-		l.logger.Error("getting private DNS servers: " + err.Error())
-		return
+	if *l.GetSettings().KeepNameserver {
+		l.logger.Warn("⚠️⚠️⚠️  keeping the default container nameservers, " +
+			"this will likely leak DNS traffic outside the VPN " +
+			"and go through your container network DNS outside the VPN tunnel!")
+	} else {
+		const fallback = false
+		l.useUnencryptedDNS(fallback)
 	}

-	const fallback = false
-	l.useUnencryptedDNS(fallback)
-
 	select {
 	case <-l.start:
 	case <-ctx.Done():
@@ -28,16 +26,18 @@ func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 	}

 	for ctx.Err() == nil {
-		// Upper scope variables for the DNS forwarder server only
+		// Upper scope variables for the DNS over TLS server only
 		// Their values are to be used if DOT=off
 		var runError <-chan error

-		for {
+		settings := l.GetSettings()
+		for !*settings.KeepNameserver && *settings.DoT.Enabled {
 			var err error
 			runError, err = l.setupServer(ctx)
 			if err == nil {
 				l.backoffTime = defaultBackoffTime
 				l.logger.Info("ready")
+				l.signalOrSetStatus(constants.Running)
 				break
 			}

@@ -52,11 +52,14 @@ func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 				l.useUnencryptedDNS(fallback)
 			}
 			l.logAndWait(ctx, err)
+			settings = l.GetSettings()
 		}
-		l.signalOrSetStatus(constants.Running)

-		const fallback = false
-		l.useUnencryptedDNS(fallback)
+		settings = l.GetSettings()
+		if !*settings.KeepNameserver && !*settings.DoT.Enabled {
+			const fallback = false
+			l.useUnencryptedDNS(fallback)
+		}

 		l.userTrigger = false

@@ -98,6 +101,6 @@ func (l *Loop) runWait(ctx context.Context, runError <-chan error) (exitLoop boo
 func (l *Loop) stopServer() {
 	stopErr := l.server.Stop()
 	if stopErr != nil {
-		l.logger.Error("stopping server: " + stopErr.Error())
+		l.logger.Error("stopping DoT server: " + stopErr.Error())
 	}
 }
--- a/internal/dns/settings.go
+++ b/internal/dns/settings.go
@@ -3,16 +3,12 @@ package dns
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/netip"

-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/doh"
 	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/dot"
 	cachemiddleware "github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/middlewares/cache"
 	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/middlewares/cache/lru"
 	filtermiddleware "github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/middlewares/filter"
 	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/middlewares/filter/mapfilter"
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/middlewares/localdns"
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/plain"
 	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/provider"
 	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/server"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings"
@@ -26,55 +22,33 @@ func (l *Loop) SetSettings(ctx context.Context, settings settings.DNS) (
 	return l.state.SetSettings(ctx, settings)
 }

-func buildServerSettings(userSettings settings.DNS,
-	filter *mapfilter.Filter, localResolvers []netip.Addr,
-	logger Logger) (
+func buildDoTSettings(settings settings.DNS,
+	filter *mapfilter.Filter, logger Logger) (
 	serverSettings server.Settings, err error,
 ) {
 	serverSettings.Logger = logger

-	upstreamResolvers := buildProviders(userSettings)
-
-	ipVersion := "ipv4"
-	if *userSettings.IPv6 {
-		ipVersion = "ipv6"
+	var dotSettings dot.Settings
+	providersData := provider.NewProviders()
+	dotSettings.UpstreamResolvers = make([]provider.Provider, len(settings.DoT.Providers))
+	for i := range settings.DoT.Providers {
+		var err error
+		dotSettings.UpstreamResolvers[i], err = providersData.Get(settings.DoT.Providers[i])
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err) // this should already had been checked
+		}
+	}
+	dotSettings.IPVersion = "ipv4"
+	if *settings.DoT.IPv6 {
+		dotSettings.IPVersion = "ipv6"
 	}

-	var dialer server.Dialer
-	switch userSettings.UpstreamType {
-	case settings.DNSUpstreamTypeDot:
-		dialerSettings := dot.Settings{
-			UpstreamResolvers: upstreamResolvers,
-			IPVersion:         ipVersion,
-		}
-		dialer, err = dot.New(dialerSettings)
-		if err != nil {
-			return server.Settings{}, fmt.Errorf("creating DNS over TLS dialer: %w", err)
-		}
-	case settings.DNSUpstreamTypeDoh:
-		dialerSettings := doh.Settings{
-			UpstreamResolvers: upstreamResolvers,
-			IPVersion:         ipVersion,
-		}
-		dialer, err = doh.New(dialerSettings)
-		if err != nil {
-			return server.Settings{}, fmt.Errorf("creating DNS over HTTPS dialer: %w", err)
-		}
-	case settings.DNSUpstreamTypePlain:
-		dialerSettings := plain.Settings{
-			UpstreamResolvers: upstreamResolvers,
-			IPVersion:         ipVersion,
-		}
-		dialer, err = plain.New(dialerSettings)
-		if err != nil {
-			return server.Settings{}, fmt.Errorf("creating plain DNS dialer: %w", err)
-		}
-	default:
-		panic("unknown upstream type: " + userSettings.UpstreamType)
+	serverSettings.Dialer, err = dot.New(dotSettings)
+	if err != nil {
+		return server.Settings{}, fmt.Errorf("creating DNS over TLS dialer: %w", err)
 	}
-	serverSettings.Dialer = dialer

-	if *userSettings.Caching {
+	if *settings.DoT.Caching {
 		lruCache, err := lru.New(lru.Settings{})
 		if err != nil {
 			return server.Settings{}, fmt.Errorf("creating LRU cache: %w", err)
@@ -96,67 +70,5 @@ func buildServerSettings(userSettings settings.DNS,
 	}
 	serverSettings.Middlewares = append(serverSettings.Middlewares, filterMiddleware)

-	localResolversAddrPorts := make([]netip.AddrPort, len(localResolvers))
-	const defaultDNSPort = 53
-	for i, addr := range localResolvers {
-		localResolversAddrPorts[i] = netip.AddrPortFrom(addr, defaultDNSPort)
-	}
-	localDNSMiddleware, err := localdns.New(localdns.Settings{
-		Resolvers: localResolversAddrPorts, // auto-detected at container start only
-		Logger:    logger,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return server.Settings{}, fmt.Errorf("creating local DNS middleware: %w", err)
-	}
-	// Place after cache middleware, since we want to avoid caching for local
-	// hostnames that may change regularly.
-	// Place after filter middleware to avoid conflicts with the rebinding protection.
-	serverSettings.Middlewares = append(serverSettings.Middlewares, localDNSMiddleware)
-
 	return serverSettings, nil
 }
-
-func buildProviders(userSettings settings.DNS) []provider.Provider {
-	if userSettings.UpstreamType == settings.DNSUpstreamTypePlain &&
-		len(userSettings.UpstreamPlainAddresses) > 0 {
-		providers := make([]provider.Provider, len(userSettings.UpstreamPlainAddresses))
-		for i, addrPort := range userSettings.UpstreamPlainAddresses {
-			providers[i] = provider.Provider{
-				Name: addrPort.String(),
-			}
-			if addrPort.Addr().Is4() {
-				providers[i].Plain.IPv4 = []netip.AddrPort{addrPort}
-			} else {
-				providers[i].Plain.IPv6 = []netip.AddrPort{addrPort}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	providersData := provider.NewProviders()
-	providers := make([]provider.Provider, 0, len(userSettings.Providers)+len(userSettings.UpstreamPlainAddresses))
-	for _, providerName := range userSettings.Providers {
-		provider, err := providersData.Get(providerName)
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(err) // this should already had been checked
-		}
-		providers = append(providers, provider)
-	}
-
-	if userSettings.UpstreamType != settings.DNSUpstreamTypePlain {
-		return providers
-	}
-
-	for _, addrPort := range userSettings.UpstreamPlainAddresses {
-		newProvider := provider.Provider{
-			Name: addrPort.String(),
-		}
-		if addrPort.Addr().Is4() {
-			newProvider.Plain.IPv4 = []netip.AddrPort{addrPort}
-		} else {
-			newProvider.Plain.IPv6 = []netip.AddrPort{addrPort}
-		}
-		providers = append(providers, newProvider)
-	}
-
-	return providers
-}
--- a/internal/dns/setup.go
+++ b/internal/dns/setup.go
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ func (l *Loop) setupServer(ctx context.Context) (runError <-chan error, err erro

 	settings := l.GetSettings()

-	serverSettings, err := buildServerSettings(settings, l.filter, l.localResolvers, l.logger)
+	dotSettings, err := buildDoTSettings(settings, l.filter, l.logger)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("building server settings: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("building DoT settings: %w", err)
 	}

-	server, err := server.New(serverSettings)
+	server, err := server.New(dotSettings)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating server: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating DoT server: %w", err)
 	}

 	runError, err = server.Start(ctx)
@@ -37,8 +37,11 @@ func (l *Loop) setupServer(ctx context.Context) (runError <-chan error, err erro
 	l.server = server

 	// use internal DNS server
-	nameserver.UseDNSInternally(nameserver.SettingsInternalDNS{})
+	nameserver.UseDNSInternally(nameserver.SettingsInternalDNS{
+		IP: settings.ServerAddress,
+	})
 	err = nameserver.UseDNSSystemWide(nameserver.SettingsSystemDNS{
+		IP:         settings.ServerAddress,
 		ResolvPath: l.resolvConf,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
--- a/internal/dns/state/settings.go
+++ b/internal/dns/state/settings.go
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ func (s *State) SetSettings(ctx context.Context, settings settings.DNS) (

 	// Check for only update period change
 	tempSettings := s.settings.Copy()
-	*tempSettings.UpdatePeriod = *settings.UpdatePeriod
+	*tempSettings.DoT.UpdatePeriod = *settings.DoT.UpdatePeriod
 	onlyUpdatePeriodChanged := reflect.DeepEqual(tempSettings, settings)

 	s.settings = settings
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ func (s *State) SetSettings(ctx context.Context, settings settings.DNS) (

 	// Restart
 	_, _ = s.statusApplier.ApplyStatus(ctx, constants.Stopped)
-	outcome, _ = s.statusApplier.ApplyStatus(ctx, constants.Running)
+	if *settings.DoT.Enabled {
+		outcome, _ = s.statusApplier.ApplyStatus(ctx, constants.Running)
+	}
 	return outcome
 }
--- a/internal/dns/ticker.go
+++ b/internal/dns/ticker.go
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ func (l *Loop) RunRestartTicker(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 	timer.Stop()
 	timerIsStopped := true
 	settings := l.GetSettings()
-	if period := *settings.UpdatePeriod; period > 0 {
+	if period := *settings.DoT.UpdatePeriod; period > 0 {
 		timer.Reset(period)
 		timerIsStopped = false
 	}
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@ func (l *Loop) RunRestartTicker(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 			_, _ = l.statusManager.ApplyStatus(ctx, constants.Running)

 			settings := l.GetSettings()
-			timer.Reset(*settings.UpdatePeriod)
+			timer.Reset(*settings.DoT.UpdatePeriod)
 		case <-l.updateTicker:
 			if !timer.Stop() {
 				<-timer.C
 			}
 			timerIsStopped = true
 			settings := l.GetSettings()
-			newUpdatePeriod := *settings.UpdatePeriod
+			newUpdatePeriod := *settings.DoT.UpdatePeriod
 			if newUpdatePeriod == 0 {
 				continue
 			}
--- a/internal/dns/update.go
+++ b/internal/dns/update.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ func (l *Loop) updateFiles(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	settings := l.GetSettings()

 	l.logger.Info("downloading hostnames and IP block lists")
-	blacklistSettings := settings.Blacklist.ToBlockBuilderSettings(l.client)
+	blacklistSettings := settings.DoT.Blacklist.ToBlockBuilderSettings(l.client)

 	blockBuilder, err := blockbuilder.New(blacklistSettings)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ func (l *Loop) updateFiles(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 		IPPrefixes: result.BlockedIPPrefixes,
 	}
 	updateSettings.BlockHostnames(result.BlockedHostnames)
-	updateSettings.SetRebindingProtectionExempt(settings.Blacklist.RebindingProtectionExemptHostnames)
 	err = l.filter.Update(updateSettings)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("updating filter: %w", err)
--- a/internal/firewall/list.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/list.go
@@ -323,12 +323,12 @@ var ErrProtocolUnknown = errors.New("unknown protocol")

 func parseProtocol(s string) (protocol string, err error) {
 	switch s {
-	case "0", "all":
-	case "1", "icmp":
+	case "0":
+	case "1":
 		protocol = "icmp"
-	case "6", "tcp":
+	case "6":
 		protocol = "tcp"
-	case "17", "udp":
+	case "17":
 		protocol = "udp"
 	default:
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrProtocolUnknown, s)
--- a/internal/firewall/list_test.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/list_test.go
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ num pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destinati
 2   0     0 ACCEPT     6    --  tun0   *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            tcp dpt:55405
 3   0     0 ACCEPT     1    --  tun0   *       0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0
 4   0     0 DROP       0    --  tun0   *       1.2.3.4              0.0.0.0/0
-5   0     0 ACCEPT     all  --  tun0   *       1.2.3.4              0.0.0.0/0
 `,
 			table: chain{
 				name:    "INPUT",
@@ -112,17 +111,6 @@ num pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destinati
 						source:          netip.MustParsePrefix("1.2.3.4/32"),
 						destination:     netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
 					},
-					{
-						lineNumber:      5,
-						packets:         0,
-						bytes:           0,
-						target:          "ACCEPT",
-						protocol:        "",
-						inputInterface:  "tun0",
-						outputInterface: "*",
-						source:          netip.MustParsePrefix("1.2.3.4/32"),
-						destination:     netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
-					},
 				},
 			},
 		},
--- a/internal/healthcheck/checker.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/checker.go
@@ -131,18 +131,9 @@ func (c *Checker) smallPeriodicCheck(ctx context.Context) error {
 	c.configMutex.Lock()
 	ip := c.icmpTarget
 	c.configMutex.Unlock()
-	tryTimeouts := []time.Duration{
-		5 * time.Second,
-		5 * time.Second,
-		5 * time.Second,
-		10 * time.Second,
-		10 * time.Second,
-		10 * time.Second,
-		15 * time.Second,
-		15 * time.Second,
-		15 * time.Second,
-		30 * time.Second,
-	}
+	const maxTries = 3
+	const timeout = 10 * time.Second
+	const extraTryTime = 10 * time.Second // 10s added for each subsequent retry
 	check := func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		if c.icmpNotPermitted {
 			return c.dnsClient.Check(ctx)
@@ -156,17 +147,19 @@ func (c *Checker) smallPeriodicCheck(ctx context.Context) error {
 		}
 		return err
 	}
-	return withRetries(ctx, tryTimeouts, c.logger, c.smallCheckName, check)
+	return withRetries(ctx, maxTries, timeout, extraTryTime, c.logger, c.smallCheckName, check)
 }

 func (c *Checker) fullPeriodicCheck(ctx context.Context) error {
+	const maxTries = 2
 	// 20s timeout in case the connection is under stress
 	// See https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues/2270
-	tryTimeouts := []time.Duration{10 * time.Second, 15 * time.Second, 30 * time.Second}
+	const timeout = 20 * time.Second
+	const extraTryTime = 10 * time.Second // 10s added for each subsequent retry
 	check := func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return tcpTLSCheck(ctx, c.dialer, c.tlsDialAddr)
 	}
-	return withRetries(ctx, tryTimeouts, c.logger, "TCP+TLS dial", check)
+	return withRetries(ctx, maxTries, timeout, extraTryTime, c.logger, "TCP+TLS dial", check)
 }

 func tcpTLSCheck(ctx context.Context, dialer *net.Dialer, targetAddress string) error {
@@ -225,17 +218,13 @@ func makeAddressToDial(address string) (addressToDial string, err error) {

 var ErrAllCheckTriesFailed = errors.New("all check tries failed")

-func withRetries(ctx context.Context, tryTimeouts []time.Duration,
+func withRetries(ctx context.Context, maxTries uint, tryTimeout, extraTryTime time.Duration,
 	logger Logger, checkName string, check func(ctx context.Context) error,
 ) error {
-	maxTries := len(tryTimeouts)
-	type errData struct {
-		err      error
-		duration time.Duration
-	}
-	errs := make([]errData, maxTries)
-	for i, timeout := range tryTimeouts {
-		start := time.Now()
+	try := uint(0)
+	var errs []error
+	for {
+		timeout := tryTimeout + time.Duration(try)*extraTryTime //nolint:gosec
 		checkCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
 		err := check(checkCtx)
 		cancel()
@@ -245,14 +234,17 @@ func withRetries(ctx context.Context, tryTimeouts []time.Duration,
 		case ctx.Err() != nil:
 			return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", checkName, ctx.Err())
 		}
-		logger.Debugf("%s attempt %d/%d failed: %s", checkName, i+1, maxTries, err)
-		errs[i].err = err
-		errs[i].duration = time.Since(start)
+		logger.Debugf("%s attempt %d/%d failed: %s", checkName, try+1, maxTries, err)
+		errs = append(errs, err)
+		try++
+		if try < maxTries {
+			continue
+		}
+		errStrings := make([]string, len(errs))
+		for i, err := range errs {
+			errStrings[i] = fmt.Sprintf("attempt %d: %s", i+1, err.Error())
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: after %d %s attempts (%s)",
+			ErrAllCheckTriesFailed, maxTries, checkName, strings.Join(errStrings, "; "))
 	}
-
-	errStrings := make([]string, len(errs))
-	for i, err := range errs {
-		errStrings[i] = fmt.Sprintf("attempt %d (%s): %s", i+1, err.duration, err.err)
-	}
-	return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrAllCheckTriesFailed, strings.Join(errStrings, ", "))
 }
--- a/internal/healthcheck/dns/dns.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/dns/dns.go
@@ -5,60 +5,33 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/provider"
 )

 // Client is a simple plaintext UDP DNS client, to be used for healthchecks.
 // Note the client connects to a DNS server only over UDP on port 53,
 // because we don't want to use DoT or DoH and impact the TCP connections
 // when running a healthcheck.
-type Client struct {
-	serverAddrs []netip.AddrPort
-	dnsIPIndex  int
-}
+type Client struct{}

 func New() *Client {
-	return &Client{
-		serverAddrs: concatAddrPorts([][]netip.AddrPort{
-			provider.Cloudflare().Plain.IPv4,
-			provider.Google().Plain.IPv4,
-			provider.Quad9().Plain.IPv4,
-			provider.OpenDNS().Plain.IPv4,
-			provider.LibreDNS().Plain.IPv4,
-			provider.Quadrant().Plain.IPv4,
-			provider.CiraProtected().Plain.IPv4,
-		}),
-	}
-}
-
-func concatAddrPorts(addrs [][]netip.AddrPort) []netip.AddrPort {
-	var result []netip.AddrPort
-	for _, addrList := range addrs {
-		result = append(result, addrList...)
-	}
-	return result
+	return &Client{}
 }

 var ErrLookupNoIPs = errors.New("no IPs found from DNS lookup")

 func (c *Client) Check(ctx context.Context) error {
-	dnsAddr := c.serverAddrs[c.dnsIPIndex].String()
 	resolver := &net.Resolver{
 		PreferGo: true,
 		Dial: func(ctx context.Context, _, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
 			dialer := net.Dialer{}
-			return dialer.DialContext(ctx, "udp", dnsAddr)
+			return dialer.DialContext(ctx, "udp", "1.1.1.1:53")
 		},
 	}
 	ips, err := resolver.LookupIP(ctx, "ip", "github.com")
 	switch {
 	case err != nil:
-		c.dnsIPIndex = (c.dnsIPIndex + 1) % len(c.serverAddrs)
 		return err
 	case len(ips) == 0:
-		c.dnsIPIndex = (c.dnsIPIndex + 1) % len(c.serverAddrs)
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrLookupNoIPs)
 	default:
 		return nil
--- a/internal/healthcheck/run.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/run.go
@@ -10,13 +10,11 @@ import (
 func (s *Server) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 	defer close(done)

-	const readHeaderTimeout = 100 * time.Millisecond
-	const readTimeout = 500 * time.Millisecond
 	server := http.Server{
 		Addr:              s.config.ServerAddress,
 		Handler:           s.handler,
-		ReadHeaderTimeout: readHeaderTimeout,
-		ReadTimeout:       readTimeout,
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: s.config.ReadHeaderTimeout,
+		ReadTimeout:       s.config.ReadTimeout,
 	}
 	serverDone := make(chan struct{})
 	go func() {
--- a/internal/portforward/service/command.go
+++ b/internal/portforward/service/command.go
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ func runCommand(ctx context.Context, cmder Cmder, logger Logger,
 	}
 	portsString := strings.Join(portStrings, ",")
 	commandString := strings.ReplaceAll(commandTemplate, "{{PORTS}}", portsString)
-	commandString = strings.ReplaceAll(commandString, "{{PORT}}", portStrings[0])
 	args, err := command.Split(commandString)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("parsing command: %w", err)
--- a/internal/portforward/service/fs.go
+++ b/internal/portforward/service/fs.go
@@ -14,11 +14,7 @@ func (s *Service) writePortForwardedFile(ports []uint16) (err error) {
 	fileData := []byte(strings.Join(portStrings, "\n"))

 	filepath := s.settings.Filepath
-	if len(ports) == 0 {
-		s.logger.Info("clearing port file " + filepath)
-	} else {
-		s.logger.Info("writing port file " + filepath)
-	}
+	s.logger.Info("writing port file " + filepath)
 	const perms = os.FileMode(0o644)
 	err = os.WriteFile(filepath, fileData, perms)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/internal/portforward/service/stop.go
+++ b/internal/portforward/service/stop.go
@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ func (s *Service) cleanup() (err error) {

 	s.ports = nil

+	filepath := s.settings.Filepath
+	s.logger.Info("clearing port file " + filepath)
 	err = s.writePortForwardedFile(nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("clearing port file: %w", err)
--- a/internal/provider/common/updater.go
+++ b/internal/provider/common/updater.go
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ var (
 	ErrNotEnoughServers     = errors.New("not enough servers found")
 	ErrHTTPStatusCodeNotOK  = errors.New("HTTP status code not OK")
 	ErrIPFetcherUnsupported = errors.New("IP fetcher not supported")
-	ErrCredentialsMissing   = errors.New("credentials missing")
 )

 type Fetcher interface {
--- a/internal/provider/cyberghost/provider.go
+++ b/internal/provider/cyberghost/provider.go
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ type Provider struct {
 }

 func New(storage common.Storage, randSource rand.Source,
-	updaterWarner common.Warner, parallelResolver common.ParallelResolver,
+	parallelResolver common.ParallelResolver,
 ) *Provider {
 	return &Provider{
 		storage:    storage,
 		randSource: randSource,
-		Fetcher:    updater.New(parallelResolver, updaterWarner),
+		Fetcher:    updater.New(parallelResolver),
 	}
 }

--- a/internal/provider/cyberghost/updater/servers.go
+++ b/internal/provider/cyberghost/updater/servers.go
@@ -16,10 +16,7 @@ func (u *Updater) FetchServers(ctx context.Context, minServers int) (

 	possibleHosts := possibleServers.hostsSlice()
 	resolveSettings := parallelResolverSettings(possibleHosts)
-	hostToIPs, warnings, err := u.parallelResolver.Resolve(ctx, resolveSettings)
-	for _, warning := range warnings {
-		u.warner.Warn(warning)
-	}
+	hostToIPs, _, err := u.parallelResolver.Resolve(ctx, resolveSettings)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
--- a/internal/provider/cyberghost/updater/updater.go
+++ b/internal/provider/cyberghost/updater/updater.go
@@ -6,12 +6,10 @@ import (

 type Updater struct {
 	parallelResolver common.ParallelResolver
-	warner           common.Warner
 }

-func New(parallelResolver common.ParallelResolver, warner common.Warner) *Updater {
+func New(parallelResolver common.ParallelResolver) *Updater {
 	return &Updater{
 		parallelResolver: parallelResolver,
-		warner:           warner,
 	}
 }
--- a/internal/provider/protonvpn/provider.go
+++ b/internal/provider/protonvpn/provider.go
@@ -18,12 +18,11 @@ type Provider struct {

 func New(storage common.Storage, randSource rand.Source,
 	client *http.Client, updaterWarner common.Warner,
-	username, password string,
 ) *Provider {
 	return &Provider{
 		storage:    storage,
 		randSource: randSource,
-		Fetcher:    updater.New(client, updaterWarner, username, password),
+		Fetcher:    updater.New(client, updaterWarner),
 	}
 }

--- a/internal/provider/protonvpn/updater/api.go
+++ b/internal/provider/protonvpn/updater/api.go
@@ -1,567 +1,15 @@
 package updater

 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	crand "crypto/rand"
-	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"math/rand/v2"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/netip"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
-
-	srp "github.com/ProtonMail/go-srp"
 )

-// apiClient is a minimal Proton v4 API client which can handle all the
-// oddities of Proton's authentication flow they want to keep hidden
-// from the public.
-type apiClient struct {
-	apiURLBase string
-	httpClient *http.Client
-	appVersion string
-	userAgent  string
-	generator  *rand.ChaCha8
-}
-
-// newAPIClient returns an [apiClient] with sane defaults matching Proton's
-// insane expectations.
-func newAPIClient(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client) (client *apiClient, err error) {
-	var seed [32]byte
-	_, _ = crand.Read(seed[:])
-	generator := rand.NewChaCha8(seed)
-
-	// Pick a random user agent from this list. Because I'm not going to tell
-	// Proton shit on where all these funny requests are coming from, given their
-	// unhelpfulness in figuring out their authentication flow.
-	userAgents := [...]string{
-		"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:143.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/143.0",
-		"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:143.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/143.0",
-		"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:143.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/143.0",
-	}
-	userAgent := userAgents[generator.Uint64()%uint64(len(userAgents))]
-
-	appVersion, err := getMostRecentStableTag(ctx, httpClient)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getting most recent version for proton app: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return &apiClient{
-		apiURLBase: "https://account.proton.me/api",
-		httpClient: httpClient,
-		appVersion: appVersion,
-		userAgent:  userAgent,
-		generator:  generator,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-var ErrCodeNotSuccess = errors.New("response code is not success")
-
-// setHeaders sets the minimal necessary headers for Proton API requests
-// to succeed without being blocked by their "security" measures.
-// See for example [getMostRecentStableTag] on how the app version must
-// be set to a recent version or they block your request. "SeCuRiTy"...
-func (c *apiClient) setHeaders(request *http.Request, cookie cookie) {
-	request.Header.Set("Cookie", cookie.String())
-	request.Header.Set("User-Agent", c.userAgent)
-	request.Header.Set("x-pm-appversion", c.appVersion)
-	request.Header.Set("x-pm-locale", "en_US")
-	request.Header.Set("x-pm-uid", cookie.uid)
-}
-
-// authenticate performs the full Proton authentication flow
-// to obtain an authenticated cookie (uid, token and session ID).
-func (c *apiClient) authenticate(ctx context.Context, username, password string,
-) (authCookie cookie, err error) {
-	sessionID, err := c.getSessionID(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("getting session ID: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	tokenType, accessToken, refreshToken, uid, err := c.getUnauthSession(ctx, sessionID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("getting unauthenticated session data: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	cookieToken, err := c.cookieToken(ctx, sessionID, tokenType, accessToken, refreshToken, uid)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("getting cookie token: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	unauthCookie := cookie{
-		uid:       uid,
-		token:     cookieToken,
-		sessionID: sessionID,
-	}
-	modulusPGPClearSigned, serverEphemeralBase64, saltBase64,
-		srpSessionHex, version, err := c.authInfo(ctx, username, unauthCookie)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("getting auth information: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Prepare SRP proof generator using Proton's official SRP parameters and hashing.
-	srpAuth, err := srp.NewAuth(version, username, []byte(password),
-		saltBase64, modulusPGPClearSigned, serverEphemeralBase64)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("initializing SRP auth: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Generate SRP proofs (A, M1) with the usual 2048-bit modulus.
-	const modulusBits = 2048
-	proofs, err := srpAuth.GenerateProofs(modulusBits)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("generating SRP proofs: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	authCookie, err = c.auth(ctx, unauthCookie, username, srpSessionHex, proofs)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("authentifying: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return authCookie, nil
-}
-
-var ErrSessionIDNotFound = errors.New("session ID not found in cookies")
-
-func (c *apiClient) getSessionID(ctx context.Context) (sessionID string, err error) {
-	const url = "https://account.proton.me/vpn"
-	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("creating request: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	response, err := c.httpClient.Do(request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	err = response.Body.Close()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("closing response body: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, cookie := range response.Cookies() {
-		if cookie.Name == "Session-Id" {
-			return cookie.Value, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrSessionIDNotFound)
-}
-
-var ErrDataFieldMissing = errors.New("data field missing in response")
-
-func (c *apiClient) getUnauthSession(ctx context.Context, sessionID string) (
-	tokenType, accessToken, refreshToken, uid string, err error,
-) {
-	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, c.apiURLBase+"/auth/v4/sessions", nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("creating request: %w", err)
-	}
-	unauthCookie := cookie{
-		sessionID: sessionID,
-	}
-	c.setHeaders(request, unauthCookie)
-
-	response, err := c.httpClient.Do(request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", err
-	}
-	defer response.Body.Close()
-
-	responseBody, err := io.ReadAll(response.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("reading response body: %w", err)
-	} else if response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return "", "", "", "", buildError(response.StatusCode, responseBody)
-	}
-
-	var data struct {
-		Code         uint     `json:"Code"`         // 1000 on success
-		AccessToken  string   `json:"AccessToken"`  // 32-chars lowercase and digits
-		RefreshToken string   `json:"RefreshToken"` // 32-chars lowercase and digits
-		TokenType    string   `json:"TokenType"`    // "Bearer"
-		Scopes       []string `json:"Scopes"`       // should be [] for our usage
-		UID          string   `json:"UID"`          // 32-chars lowercase and digits
-		LocalID      uint     `json:"LocalID"`      // 0 in my case
-	}
-
-	err = json.Unmarshal(responseBody, &data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("decoding response body: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	const successCode = 1000
-	switch {
-	case data.Code != successCode:
-		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("%w: expected %d got %d",
-			ErrCodeNotSuccess, successCode, data.Code)
-	case data.AccessToken == "":
-		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("%w: access token is empty", ErrDataFieldMissing)
-	case data.RefreshToken == "":
-		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("%w: refresh token is empty", ErrDataFieldMissing)
-	case data.TokenType == "":
-		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("%w: token type is empty", ErrDataFieldMissing)
-	case data.UID == "":
-		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("%w: UID is empty", ErrDataFieldMissing)
-	}
-	// Ignore Scopes and LocalID fields, we don't use them.
-
-	return data.TokenType, data.AccessToken, data.RefreshToken, data.UID, nil
-}
-
-var ErrUIDMismatch = errors.New("UID in response does not match request UID")
-
-func (c *apiClient) cookieToken(ctx context.Context, sessionID, tokenType, accessToken,
-	refreshToken, uid string,
-) (cookieToken string, err error) {
-	type requestBodySchema struct {
-		GrantType    string `json:"GrantType"`    // "refresh_token"
-		Persistent   uint   `json:"Persistent"`   // 0
-		RedirectURI  string `json:"RedirectURI"`  // "https://protonmail.com"
-		RefreshToken string `json:"RefreshToken"` // 32-chars lowercase and digits
-		ResponseType string `json:"ResponseType"` // "token"
-		State        string `json:"State"`        // 24-chars letters and digits
-		UID          string `json:"UID"`          // 32-chars lowercase and digits
-	}
-	requestBody := requestBodySchema{
-		GrantType:    "refresh_token",
-		Persistent:   0,
-		RedirectURI:  "https://protonmail.com",
-		RefreshToken: refreshToken,
-		ResponseType: "token",
-		State:        generateLettersDigits(c.generator, 24), //nolint:mnd
-		UID:          uid,
-	}
-
-	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-	encoder := json.NewEncoder(buffer)
-	if err := encoder.Encode(requestBody); err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("encoding request body: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, c.apiURLBase+"/core/v4/auth/cookies", buffer)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("creating request: %w", err)
-	}
-	unauthCookie := cookie{
-		uid:       uid,
-		sessionID: sessionID,
-	}
-	c.setHeaders(request, unauthCookie)
-	request.Header.Set("Authorization", tokenType+" "+accessToken)
-
-	response, err := c.httpClient.Do(request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	defer response.Body.Close()
-
-	responseBody, err := io.ReadAll(response.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("reading response body: %w", err)
-	} else if response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return "", buildError(response.StatusCode, responseBody)
-	}
-
-	var cookies struct {
-		Code           uint   `json:"Code"`           // 1000 on success
-		UID            string `json:"UID"`            // should match request UID
-		LocalID        uint   `json:"LocalID"`        // 0
-		RefreshCounter uint   `json:"RefreshCounter"` // 1
-	}
-	err = json.Unmarshal(responseBody, &cookies)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("decoding response body: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	const successCode = 1000
-	switch {
-	case cookies.Code != successCode:
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: expected %d got %d",
-			ErrCodeNotSuccess, successCode, cookies.Code)
-	case cookies.UID != requestBody.UID:
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: expected %s got %s",
-			ErrUIDMismatch, requestBody.UID, cookies.UID)
-	}
-	// Ignore LocalID and RefreshCounter fields, we don't use them.
-
-	for _, cookie := range response.Cookies() {
-		if cookie.Name == "AUTH-"+uid {
-			return cookie.Value, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrAuthCookieNotFound)
-}
-
-var (
-	ErrUsernameDoesNotExist = errors.New("username does not exist")
-	ErrUsernameMismatch     = errors.New("username in response does not match request username")
-)
-
-// authInfo fetches SRP parameters for the account.
-func (c *apiClient) authInfo(ctx context.Context, username string, unauthCookie cookie) (
-	modulusPGPClearSigned, serverEphemeralBase64, saltBase64, srpSessionHex string,
-	version int, err error,
-) {
-	type requestBodySchema struct {
-		Intent   string `json:"Intent"`   // "Proton"
-		Username string `json:"Username"` // username without @domain.com
-	}
-	requestBody := requestBodySchema{
-		Intent:   "Proton",
-		Username: username,
-	}
-
-	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-	encoder := json.NewEncoder(buffer)
-	if err := encoder.Encode(requestBody); err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("encoding request body: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, c.apiURLBase+"/core/v4/auth/info", buffer)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("creating request: %w", err)
-	}
-	c.setHeaders(request, unauthCookie)
-
-	response, err := c.httpClient.Do(request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", 0, err
-	}
-	defer response.Body.Close()
-
-	responseBody, err := io.ReadAll(response.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("reading response body: %w", err)
-	} else if response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return "", "", "", "", 0, buildError(response.StatusCode, responseBody)
-	}
-
-	var info struct {
-		Code            uint   `json:"Code"`              // 1000 on success
-		Modulus         string `json:"Modulus"`           // PGP clearsigned modulus string
-		ServerEphemeral string `json:"ServerEphemeral"`   // base64
-		Version         *uint  `json:"Version,omitempty"` // 4 as of 2025-10-26
-		Salt            string `json:"Salt"`              // base64
-		SRPSession      string `json:"SRPSession"`        // hexadecimal
-		Username        string `json:"Username"`          // user without @domain.com. Mine has its first letter capitalized.
-	}
-	err = json.Unmarshal(responseBody, &info)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("decoding response body: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	const successCode = 1000
-	switch {
-	case info.Code != successCode:
-		return "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: expected %d got %d",
-			ErrCodeNotSuccess, successCode, info.Code)
-	case info.Modulus == "":
-		return "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: modulus is empty", ErrDataFieldMissing)
-	case info.ServerEphemeral == "":
-		return "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: server ephemeral is empty", ErrDataFieldMissing)
-	case info.Salt == "":
-		return "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("%w (salt data field is empty)", ErrUsernameDoesNotExist)
-	case info.SRPSession == "":
-		return "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: SRP session is empty", ErrDataFieldMissing)
-
-	case !strings.EqualFold(info.Username, username):
-		return "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: expected %s got %s",
-			ErrUsernameMismatch, username, info.Username)
-	case info.Version == nil:
-		return "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: version is missing", ErrDataFieldMissing)
-	}
-
-	version = int(*info.Version) //nolint:gosec
-	return info.Modulus, info.ServerEphemeral, info.Salt,
-		info.SRPSession, version, nil
-}
-
-type cookie struct {
-	uid       string
-	token     string
-	sessionID string
-}
-
-func (c *cookie) String() string {
-	s := ""
-	if c.token != "" {
-		s += fmt.Sprintf("AUTH-%s=%s; ", c.uid, c.token)
-	}
-	if c.sessionID != "" {
-		s += fmt.Sprintf("Session-Id=%s; ", c.sessionID)
-	}
-	if c.token != "" {
-		s += "Tag=default; iaas=W10; Domain=proton.me; Feature=VPNDashboard:A"
-	}
-	return s
-}
-
-var (
-	// ErrServerProofNotValid indicates the M2 from the server didn't match the expected proof.
-	ErrServerProofNotValid = errors.New("server proof from server is not valid")
-	ErrVPNScopeNotFound    = errors.New("VPN scope not found in scopes")
-	ErrTwoFANotSupported   = errors.New("two factor authentication not supported in this client")
-	ErrAuthCookieNotFound  = errors.New("auth cookie not found")
-)
-
-// auth performs the SRP proof submission (and optionally TOTP) to obtain tokens.
-func (c *apiClient) auth(ctx context.Context, unauthCookie cookie,
-	username, srpSession string, proofs *srp.Proofs,
-) (authCookie cookie, err error) {
-	clientEphemeral := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(proofs.ClientEphemeral)
-	clientProof := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(proofs.ClientProof)
-
-	type requestBodySchema struct {
-		ClientEphemeral string            `json:"ClientEphemeral"`   // base64(A)
-		ClientProof     string            `json:"ClientProof"`       // base64(M1)
-		Payload         map[string]string `json:"Payload,omitempty"` // not sure
-		SRPSession      string            `json:"SRPSession"`        // hexadecimal
-		Username        string            `json:"Username"`          // user@protonmail.com
-	}
-	requestBody := requestBodySchema{
-		ClientEphemeral: clientEphemeral,
-		ClientProof:     clientProof,
-		SRPSession:      srpSession,
-		Username:        username,
-	}
-
-	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-	encoder := json.NewEncoder(buffer)
-	if err := encoder.Encode(requestBody); err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("encoding request body: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, c.apiURLBase+"/core/v4/auth", buffer)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("creating request: %w", err)
-	}
-	c.setHeaders(request, unauthCookie)
-
-	response, err := c.httpClient.Do(request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, err
-	}
-	defer response.Body.Close()
-
-	responseBody, err := io.ReadAll(response.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("reading response body: %w", err)
-	} else if response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return cookie{}, buildError(response.StatusCode, responseBody)
-	}
-
-	type twoFAStatus uint
-	//nolint:unused
-	const (
-		twoFADisabled twoFAStatus = iota
-		twoFAHasTOTP
-		twoFAHasFIDO2
-		twoFAHasFIDO2AndTOTP
-	)
-	type twoFAInfo struct {
-		Enabled twoFAStatus `json:"Enabled"`
-		FIDO2   struct {
-			AuthenticationOptions any   `json:"AuthenticationOptions"`
-			RegisteredKeys        []any `json:"RegisteredKeys"`
-		} `json:"FIDO2"`
-		TOTP uint `json:"TOTP"`
-	}
-
-	var auth struct {
-		Code              uint      `json:"Code"`         // 1000 on success
-		LocalID           uint      `json:"LocalID"`      // 7 in my case
-		Scopes            []string  `json:"Scopes"`       // this should contain "vpn". Same as `Scope` field value.
-		UID               string    `json:"UID"`          // same as `Uid` field value
-		UserID            string    `json:"UserID"`       // base64
-		EventID           string    `json:"EventID"`      // base64
-		PasswordMode      uint      `json:"PasswordMode"` // 1 in my case
-		ServerProof       string    `json:"ServerProof"`  // base64(M2)
-		TwoFactor         uint      `json:"TwoFactor"`    // 0 if 2FA not required
-		TwoFA             twoFAInfo `json:"2FA"`
-		TemporaryPassword uint      `json:"TemporaryPassword"` // 0 in my case
-	}
-
-	err = json.Unmarshal(responseBody, &auth)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("decoding response body: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	m2, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(auth.ServerProof)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("decoding server proof: %w", err)
-	}
-	if !bytes.Equal(m2, proofs.ExpectedServerProof) {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: expected %x got %x",
-			ErrServerProofNotValid, proofs.ExpectedServerProof, m2)
-	}
-
-	const successCode = 1000
-	switch {
-	case auth.Code != successCode:
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: expected %d got %d",
-			ErrCodeNotSuccess, successCode, auth.Code)
-	case auth.UID != unauthCookie.uid:
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: expected %s got %s",
-			ErrUIDMismatch, unauthCookie.uid, auth.UID)
-	case auth.TwoFactor != 0:
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrTwoFANotSupported)
-	case !slices.Contains(auth.Scopes, "vpn"):
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: in %v", ErrVPNScopeNotFound, auth.Scopes)
-	}
-
-	for _, setCookieHeader := range response.Header.Values("Set-Cookie") {
-		parts := strings.Split(setCookieHeader, ";")
-		for _, part := range parts {
-			if strings.HasPrefix(part, "AUTH-"+unauthCookie.uid+"=") {
-				authCookie = unauthCookie
-				authCookie.token = strings.TrimPrefix(part, "AUTH-"+unauthCookie.uid+"=")
-				return authCookie, nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: in HTTP headers %s",
-		ErrAuthCookieNotFound, httpHeadersToString(response.Header))
-}
-
-// generateLettersDigits mimicing Proton's own random string generator:
-// https://github.com/ProtonMail/WebClients/blob/e4d7e4ab9babe15b79a131960185f9f8275512cd/packages/utils/generateLettersDigits.ts
-func generateLettersDigits(rng *rand.ChaCha8, length uint) string {
-	const charset = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"
-	return generateFromCharset(rng, length, charset)
-}
-
-func generateFromCharset(rng *rand.ChaCha8, length uint, charset string) string {
-	result := make([]byte, length)
-	randomBytes := make([]byte, length)
-	_, _ = rng.Read(randomBytes)
-	for i := range length {
-		result[i] = charset[int(randomBytes[i])%len(charset)]
-	}
-	return string(result)
-}
-
-func httpHeadersToString(headers http.Header) string {
-	var builder strings.Builder
-	first := true
-	for key, values := range headers {
-		for _, value := range values {
-			if !first {
-				builder.WriteString(", ")
-			}
-			builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", key, value))
-			first = false
-		}
-	}
-	return builder.String()
-}
+var ErrHTTPStatusCodeNotOK = errors.New("HTTP status code not OK")

 type apiData struct {
 	LogicalServers []logicalServer `json:"LogicalServers"`
@@ -585,25 +33,25 @@ type physicalServer struct {
 	X25519PublicKey string     `json:"X25519PublicKey"`
 }

-func (c *apiClient) fetchServers(ctx context.Context, cookie cookie) (
+func fetchAPI(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client) (
 	data apiData, err error,
 ) {
-	const url = "https://account.proton.me/api/vpn/logicals"
+	const url = "https://api.protonmail.ch/vpn/logicals"
+
 	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return data, err
 	}
-	c.setHeaders(request, cookie)

-	response, err := c.httpClient.Do(request)
+	response, err := client.Do(request)
 	if err != nil {
 		return data, err
 	}
 	defer response.Body.Close()

 	if response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		b, _ := io.ReadAll(response.Body)
-		return data, buildError(response.StatusCode, b)
+		return data, fmt.Errorf("%w: %d %s", ErrHTTPStatusCodeNotOK,
+			response.StatusCode, response.Status)
 	}

 	decoder := json.NewDecoder(response.Body)
@@ -611,31 +59,9 @@ func (c *apiClient) fetchServers(ctx context.Context, cookie cookie) (
 		return data, fmt.Errorf("decoding response body: %w", err)
 	}

+	if err := response.Body.Close(); err != nil {
+		return data, err
+	}
+
 	return data, nil
 }
-
-var ErrHTTPStatusCodeNotOK = errors.New("HTTP status code not OK")
-
-func buildError(httpCode int, body []byte) error {
-	prettyCode := http.StatusText(httpCode)
-	var protonError struct {
-		Code    *int              `json:"Code,omitempty"`
-		Error   *string           `json:"Error,omitempty"`
-		Details map[string]string `json:"Details"`
-	}
-	decoder := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(body))
-	decoder.DisallowUnknownFields()
-	err := decoder.Decode(&protonError)
-	if err != nil || protonError.Error == nil || protonError.Code == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s: %s",
-			ErrHTTPStatusCodeNotOK, prettyCode, body)
-	}
-
-	details := make([]string, 0, len(protonError.Details))
-	for key, value := range protonError.Details {
-		details = append(details, fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", key, value))
-	}
-
-	return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s: %s (code %d with details: %s)",
-		ErrHTTPStatusCodeNotOK, prettyCode, *protonError.Error, *protonError.Code, strings.Join(details, ", "))
-}
--- a/internal/provider/protonvpn/updater/servers.go
+++ b/internal/provider/protonvpn/updater/servers.go
@@ -13,26 +13,9 @@ import (
 func (u *Updater) FetchServers(ctx context.Context, minServers int) (
 	servers []models.Server, err error,
 ) {
-	switch {
-	case u.username == "":
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: username is empty", common.ErrCredentialsMissing)
-	case u.password == "":
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: password is empty", common.ErrCredentialsMissing)
-	}
-
-	apiClient, err := newAPIClient(ctx, u.client)
+	data, err := fetchAPI(ctx, u.client)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating API client: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	cookie, err := apiClient.authenticate(ctx, u.username, u.password)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("authentifying with Proton: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	data, err := apiClient.fetchServers(ctx, cookie)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fetching logical servers: %w", err)
+		return nil, err
 	}

 	countryCodes := constants.CountryCodes()
--- a/internal/provider/protonvpn/updater/updater.go
+++ b/internal/provider/protonvpn/updater/updater.go
@@ -7,17 +7,13 @@ import (
 )

 type Updater struct {
-	client   *http.Client
-	username string
-	password string
-	warner   common.Warner
+	client *http.Client
+	warner common.Warner
 }

-func New(client *http.Client, warner common.Warner, username, password string) *Updater {
+func New(client *http.Client, warner common.Warner) *Updater {
 	return &Updater{
-		client:   client,
-		username: username,
-		password: password,
-		warner:   warner,
+		client: client,
+		warner: warner,
 	}
 }
--- a/internal/provider/protonvpn/updater/version.go
+++ b/internal/provider/protonvpn/updater/version.go
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-package updater
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net/http"
-	"regexp"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-// getMostRecentStableTag finds the most recent proton-account stable tag version,
-// in order to use it in the x-pm-appversion http request header. Because if we do
-// fall behind on versioning, Proton doesn't like it because they like to create
-// complications where there is no need for it. Hence this function.
-func getMostRecentStableTag(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client) (version string, err error) {
-	page := 1
-	regexVersion := regexp.MustCompile(`^proton-account@(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)$`)
-	for ctx.Err() == nil {
-		url := "https://api.github.com/repos/ProtonMail/WebClients/tags?per_page=30&page=" + fmt.Sprint(page)
-
-		request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("creating request: %w", err)
-		}
-		request.Header.Set("Accept", "application/vnd.github.v3+json")
-
-		response, err := client.Do(request)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", err
-		}
-		defer response.Body.Close()
-
-		data, err := io.ReadAll(response.Body)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("reading response body: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: %s: %s", ErrHTTPStatusCodeNotOK, response.Status, data)
-		}
-
-		var tags []struct {
-			Name string `json:"name"`
-		}
-		err = json.Unmarshal(data, &tags)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("decoding JSON response: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		for _, tag := range tags {
-			if !regexVersion.MatchString(tag.Name) {
-				continue
-			}
-			version := "web-account@" + strings.TrimPrefix(tag.Name, "proton-account@")
-			return version, nil
-		}
-
-		page++
-	}
-
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("%w (queried %d pages)", context.Canceled, page)
-}
--- a/internal/provider/providers.go
+++ b/internal/provider/providers.go
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ type Extractor interface {
 func NewProviders(storage Storage, timeNow func() time.Time,
 	updaterWarner common.Warner, client *http.Client, unzipper common.Unzipper,
 	parallelResolver common.ParallelResolver, ipFetcher common.IPFetcher,
-	extractor custom.Extractor, credentials settings.Updater,
+	extractor custom.Extractor,
 ) *Providers {
 	randSource := rand.NewSource(timeNow().UnixNano())

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func NewProviders(storage Storage, timeNow func() time.Time,
 	providerNameToProvider := map[string]Provider{
 		providers.Airvpn:                airvpn.New(storage, randSource, client),
 		providers.Custom:                custom.New(extractor),
-		providers.Cyberghost:            cyberghost.New(storage, randSource, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
+		providers.Cyberghost:            cyberghost.New(storage, randSource, parallelResolver),
 		providers.Expressvpn:            expressvpn.New(storage, randSource, unzipper, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
 		providers.Fastestvpn:            fastestvpn.New(storage, randSource, client, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
 		providers.Giganews:              giganews.New(storage, randSource, unzipper, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func NewProviders(storage Storage, timeNow func() time.Time,
 		providers.Privado:               privado.New(storage, randSource, ipFetcher, unzipper, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
 		providers.PrivateInternetAccess: privateinternetaccess.New(storage, randSource, timeNow, client),
 		providers.Privatevpn:            privatevpn.New(storage, randSource, unzipper, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
-		providers.Protonvpn:             protonvpn.New(storage, randSource, client, updaterWarner, *credentials.ProtonUsername, *credentials.ProtonPassword),
+		providers.Protonvpn:             protonvpn.New(storage, randSource, client, updaterWarner),
 		providers.Purevpn:               purevpn.New(storage, randSource, ipFetcher, unzipper, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
 		providers.SlickVPN:              slickvpn.New(storage, randSource, client, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
 		providers.Surfshark:             surfshark.New(storage, randSource, client, unzipper, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
--- a/internal/server/handler.go
+++ b/internal/server/handler.go
@@ -25,14 +25,13 @@ func newHandler(ctx context.Context, logger Logger, logging bool,
 	handler := &handler{}

 	vpn := newVPNHandler(ctx, vpnLooper, storage, ipv6Supported, logger)
-	openvpn := newOpenvpnHandler(ctx, vpnLooper, logger)
+	openvpn := newOpenvpnHandler(ctx, vpnLooper, pfGetter, logger)
 	dns := newDNSHandler(ctx, dnsLooper, logger)
 	updater := newUpdaterHandler(ctx, updaterLooper, logger)
 	publicip := newPublicIPHandler(publicIPLooper, logger)
-	portForward := newPortForwardHandler(ctx, pfGetter, logger)

 	handler.v0 = newHandlerV0(ctx, logger, vpnLooper, dnsLooper, updaterLooper)
-	handler.v1 = newHandlerV1(logger, buildInfo, vpn, openvpn, dns, updater, publicip, portForward)
+	handler.v1 = newHandlerV1(logger, buildInfo, vpn, openvpn, dns, updater, publicip)

 	authMiddleware, err := auth.New(authSettings, logger)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/internal/server/handlerv0.go
+++ b/internal/server/handlerv0.go
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func (h *handlerV0) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			h.logger.Warn(err.Error())
 		}
 	case "/openvpn/portforwarded":
-		http.Redirect(w, r, "/v1/portforward", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
+		http.Redirect(w, r, "/v1/openvpn/portforwarded", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
 	case "/openvpn/settings":
 		http.Redirect(w, r, "/v1/openvpn/settings", http.StatusPermanentRedirect)
 	case "/updater/restart":
--- a/internal/server/handlerv1.go
+++ b/internal/server/handlerv1.go
@@ -10,29 +10,27 @@ import (
 )

 func newHandlerV1(w warner, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
-	vpn, openvpn, dns, updater, publicip, portForward http.Handler,
+	vpn, openvpn, dns, updater, publicip http.Handler,
 ) http.Handler {
 	return &handlerV1{
-		warner:      w,
-		buildInfo:   buildInfo,
-		vpn:         vpn,
-		openvpn:     openvpn,
-		dns:         dns,
-		updater:     updater,
-		publicip:    publicip,
-		portForward: portForward,
+		warner:    w,
+		buildInfo: buildInfo,
+		vpn:       vpn,
+		openvpn:   openvpn,
+		dns:       dns,
+		updater:   updater,
+		publicip:  publicip,
 	}
 }

 type handlerV1 struct {
-	warner      warner
-	buildInfo   models.BuildInformation
-	vpn         http.Handler
-	openvpn     http.Handler
-	dns         http.Handler
-	updater     http.Handler
-	publicip    http.Handler
-	portForward http.Handler
+	warner    warner
+	buildInfo models.BuildInformation
+	vpn       http.Handler
+	openvpn   http.Handler
+	dns       http.Handler
+	updater   http.Handler
+	publicip  http.Handler
 }

 func (h *handlerV1) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -49,8 +47,6 @@ func (h *handlerV1) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		h.updater.ServeHTTP(w, r)
 	case strings.HasPrefix(r.RequestURI, "/publicip"):
 		h.publicip.ServeHTTP(w, r)
-	case strings.HasPrefix(r.RequestURI, "/portforward"):
-		h.portForward.ServeHTTP(w, r)
 	default:
 		errString := fmt.Sprintf("%s %s not found", r.Method, r.RequestURI)
 		http.Error(w, errString, http.StatusBadRequest)
--- a/internal/server/logger.go
+++ b/internal/server/logger.go
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ type infoWarner interface {

 type infoer interface {
 	Info(s string)
-	Infof(format string, args ...any)
 }

 type warner interface {
--- a/internal/server/middlewares/auth/configfile.go
+++ b/internal/server/middlewares/auth/configfile.go
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ import (
 func Read(filepath string) (settings Settings, err error) {
 	file, err := os.Open(filepath)
 	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			return Settings{}, nil
+		}
 		return settings, fmt.Errorf("opening file: %w", err)
 	}
 	decoder := toml.NewDecoder(file)
--- a/internal/server/middlewares/auth/middleware.go
+++ b/internal/server/middlewares/auth/middleware.go
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ func New(settings Settings, debugLogger DebugLogger) (
 			routeToRoles: routeToRoles,
 			unprotectedRoutes: map[string]struct{}{
 				http.MethodGet + " /openvpn/actions/restart": {},
-				http.MethodGet + " /openvpn/portforwarded":   {},
 				http.MethodGet + " /unbound/actions/restart": {},
 				http.MethodGet + " /updater/restart":         {},
 				http.MethodGet + " /v1/version":              {},
@@ -37,7 +36,6 @@ func New(settings Settings, debugLogger DebugLogger) (
 				http.MethodGet + " /v1/updater/status": {},
 				http.MethodPut + " /v1/updater/status": {},
 				http.MethodGet + " /v1/publicip/ip":    {},
-				http.MethodGet + " /v1/portforward":    {},
 			},
 			logger: debugLogger,
 		}
--- a/internal/server/middlewares/auth/settings.go
+++ b/internal/server/middlewares/auth/settings.go
@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
 package auth

 import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
-	"slices"

 	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/validate"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
 )

 type Settings struct {
@@ -19,50 +15,6 @@ type Settings struct {
 	Roles []Role
 }

-// SetDefaultRole sets a default role to apply to all routes without a
-// previously user-defined role assigned to. Note the role argument
-// routes are ignored. This should be called BEFORE calling [Settings.SetDefaults].
-func (s *Settings) SetDefaultRole(jsonRole string) error {
-	var role Role
-	decoder := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewBufferString(jsonRole))
-	decoder.DisallowUnknownFields()
-	err := decoder.Decode(&role)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("decoding default role: %w", err)
-	}
-	if role.Auth == "" {
-		return nil // no default role to set
-	}
-	err = role.Validate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("validating default role: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	authenticatedRoutes := make(map[string]struct{}, len(validRoutes))
-	for _, role := range s.Roles {
-		for _, route := range role.Routes {
-			authenticatedRoutes[route] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(authenticatedRoutes) == len(validRoutes) {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	unauthenticatedRoutes := make([]string, 0, len(validRoutes))
-	for route := range validRoutes {
-		_, authenticated := authenticatedRoutes[route]
-		if !authenticated {
-			unauthenticatedRoutes = append(unauthenticatedRoutes, route)
-		}
-	}
-
-	slices.Sort(unauthenticatedRoutes)
-	role.Routes = unauthenticatedRoutes
-	s.Roles = append(s.Roles, role)
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (s *Settings) SetDefaults() {
 	s.Roles = gosettings.DefaultSlice(s.Roles, []Role{{ // TODO v3.41.0 leave empty
 		Name: "public",
@@ -70,7 +22,6 @@ func (s *Settings) SetDefaults() {
 		Routes: []string{
 			http.MethodGet + " /openvpn/actions/restart",
 			http.MethodGet + " /unbound/actions/restart",
-			http.MethodGet + " /openvpn/portforwarded",
 			http.MethodGet + " /updater/restart",
 			http.MethodGet + " /v1/version",
 			http.MethodGet + " /v1/vpn/status",
@@ -83,14 +34,13 @@ func (s *Settings) SetDefaults() {
 			http.MethodGet + " /v1/updater/status",
 			http.MethodPut + " /v1/updater/status",
 			http.MethodGet + " /v1/publicip/ip",
-			http.MethodGet + " /v1/portforward",
 		},
 	}})
 }

 func (s Settings) Validate() (err error) {
 	for i, role := range s.Roles {
-		err = role.Validate()
+		err = role.validate()
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("role %s (%d of %d): %w",
 				role.Name, i+1, len(s.Roles), err)
@@ -111,18 +61,18 @@ const (
 type Role struct {
 	// Name is the role name and is only used for documentation
 	// and in the authentication middleware debug logs.
-	Name string `json:"name"`
-	// Auth is the authentication method to use, which can be 'none', 'basic' or 'apikey'.
-	Auth string `json:"auth"`
+	Name string
+	// Auth is the authentication method to use, which can be 'none' or 'apikey'.
+	Auth string
 	// APIKey is the API key to use when using the 'apikey' authentication.
-	APIKey string `json:"apikey"`
+	APIKey string
 	// Username for HTTP Basic authentication method.
-	Username string `json:"username"`
+	Username string
 	// Password for HTTP Basic authentication method.
-	Password string `json:"password"`
+	Password string
 	// Routes is a list of routes that the role can access in the format
 	// "HTTP_METHOD PATH", for example "GET /v1/vpn/status"
-	Routes []string `json:"-"`
+	Routes []string
 }

 var (
@@ -133,7 +83,7 @@ var (
 	ErrRouteNotSupported  = errors.New("route not supported by the control server")
 )

-func (r Role) Validate() (err error) {
+func (r Role) validate() (err error) {
 	err = validate.IsOneOf(r.Auth, AuthNone, AuthAPIKey, AuthBasic)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrMethodNotSupported, r.Auth)
@@ -162,8 +112,6 @@ func (r Role) Validate() (err error) {
 // WARNING: do not mutate programmatically.
 var validRoutes = map[string]struct{}{ //nolint:gochecknoglobals
 	http.MethodGet + " /openvpn/actions/restart":  {},
-	http.MethodGet + " /openvpn/portforwarded":    {},
-	http.MethodGet + " /openvpn/settings":         {},
 	http.MethodGet + " /unbound/actions/restart":  {},
 	http.MethodGet + " /updater/restart":          {},
 	http.MethodGet + " /v1/version":               {},
@@ -180,22 +128,4 @@ var validRoutes = map[string]struct{}{ //nolint:gochecknoglobals
 	http.MethodGet + " /v1/updater/status":        {},
 	http.MethodPut + " /v1/updater/status":        {},
 	http.MethodGet + " /v1/publicip/ip":           {},
-	http.MethodGet + " /v1/portforward":           {},
-}
-
-func (r Role) ToLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Role " + r.Name)
-	node.Appendf("Authentication method: %s", r.Auth)
-	switch r.Auth {
-	case AuthNone:
-	case AuthBasic:
-		node.Appendf("Username: %s", r.Username)
-		node.Appendf("Password: %s", gosettings.ObfuscateKey(r.Password))
-	case AuthAPIKey:
-		node.Appendf("API key: %s", gosettings.ObfuscateKey(r.APIKey))
-	default:
-		panic("missing code for authentication method: " + r.Auth)
-	}
-	node.Appendf("Number of routes covered: %d", len(r.Routes))
-	return node
 }
--- a/internal/server/middlewares/log/middleware.go
+++ b/internal/server/middlewares/log/middleware.go
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func (m *logMiddleware) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	m.childHandler.ServeHTTP(statefulWriter, r)
 	duration := m.timeNow().Sub(tStart)
 	m.logger.Info(strconv.Itoa(statefulWriter.statusCode) + " " +
-		r.Method + " " + r.URL.String() +
+		r.Method + " " + r.RequestURI +
 		" wrote " + strconv.Itoa(statefulWriter.length) + "B to " +
 		r.RemoteAddr + " in " + duration.String())
 }
--- a/internal/server/openvpn.go
+++ b/internal/server/openvpn.go
@@ -10,10 +10,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/vpn"
 )

-func newOpenvpnHandler(ctx context.Context, looper VPNLooper, w warner) http.Handler {
+func newOpenvpnHandler(ctx context.Context, looper VPNLooper,
+	pfGetter PortForwardedGetter, w warner,
+) http.Handler {
 	return &openvpnHandler{
 		ctx:    ctx,
 		looper: looper,
+		pf:     pfGetter,
 		warner: w,
 	}
 }
@@ -21,6 +24,7 @@ func newOpenvpnHandler(ctx context.Context, looper VPNLooper, w warner) http.Han
 type openvpnHandler struct {
 	ctx    context.Context //nolint:containedctx
 	looper VPNLooper
+	pf     PortForwardedGetter
 	warner warner
 }

@@ -43,10 +47,10 @@ func (h *openvpnHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		default:
 			errMethodNotSupported(w, r.Method)
 		}
-	case "/portforwarded": // TODO v4 remove
+	case "/portforwarded":
 		switch r.Method {
 		case http.MethodGet:
-			http.Redirect(w, r, "/v1/portforward", http.StatusMovedPermanently)
+			h.getPortForwarded(w)
 		default:
 			errMethodNotSupported(w, r.Method)
 		}
@@ -118,3 +122,23 @@ func (h *openvpnHandler) getSettings(w http.ResponseWriter) {
 		return
 	}
 }
+
+func (h *openvpnHandler) getPortForwarded(w http.ResponseWriter) {
+	ports := h.pf.GetPortsForwarded()
+	encoder := json.NewEncoder(w)
+	var data any
+	switch len(ports) {
+	case 0:
+		data = portWrapper{Port: 0} // TODO v4 change to portsWrapper
+	case 1:
+		data = portWrapper{Port: ports[0]} // TODO v4 change to portsWrapper
+	default:
+		data = portsWrapper{Ports: ports}
+	}
+
+	err := encoder.Encode(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.warner.Warn(err.Error())
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/server/portforward.go
+++ b/internal/server/portforward.go
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-package server
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"net/http"
-)
-
-func newPortForwardHandler(ctx context.Context,
-	portForward PortForwardedGetter, warner warner,
-) http.Handler {
-	return &portForwardHandler{
-		ctx:         ctx,
-		portForward: portForward,
-		warner:      warner,
-	}
-}
-
-type portForwardHandler struct {
-	ctx         context.Context //nolint:containedctx
-	portForward PortForwardedGetter
-	warner      warner
-}
-
-func (h *portForwardHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	switch r.Method {
-	case http.MethodGet:
-		h.getPortForwarded(w)
-	default:
-		errMethodNotSupported(w, r.Method)
-	}
-}
-
-func (h *portForwardHandler) getPortForwarded(w http.ResponseWriter) {
-	ports := h.portForward.GetPortsForwarded()
-	encoder := json.NewEncoder(w)
-	var data any
-	switch len(ports) {
-	case 0:
-		data = portWrapper{Port: 0} // TODO v4 change to portsWrapper
-	case 1:
-		data = portWrapper{Port: ports[0]} // TODO v4 change to portsWrapper
-	default:
-		data = portsWrapper{Ports: ports}
-	}
-
-	err := encoder.Encode(data)
-	if err != nil {
-		h.warner.Warn(err.Error())
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/server/server.go
+++ b/internal/server/server.go
@@ -2,29 +2,31 @@ package server

 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"

-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/httpserver"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/server/middlewares/auth"
 )

-func New(ctx context.Context, settings settings.ControlServer, logger Logger,
-	buildInfo models.BuildInformation, openvpnLooper VPNLooper,
+func New(ctx context.Context, address string, logEnabled bool, logger Logger,
+	authConfigPath string, buildInfo models.BuildInformation, openvpnLooper VPNLooper,
 	pfGetter PortForwardedGetter, dnsLooper DNSLoop,
 	updaterLooper UpdaterLooper, publicIPLooper PublicIPLoop, storage Storage,
 	ipv6Supported bool) (
 	server *httpserver.Server, err error,
 ) {
-	authSettings, err := setupAuthMiddleware(settings.AuthFilePath, settings.AuthDefaultRole, logger)
+	authSettings, err := auth.Read(authConfigPath)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("building authentication middleware settings: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading auth settings: %w", err)
+	}
+	authSettings.SetDefaults()
+	err = authSettings.Validate()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("validating auth settings: %w", err)
 	}

-	handler, err := newHandler(ctx, logger, *settings.Log, authSettings, buildInfo,
+	handler, err := newHandler(ctx, logger, logEnabled, authSettings, buildInfo,
 		openvpnLooper, pfGetter, dnsLooper, updaterLooper, publicIPLooper,
 		storage, ipv6Supported)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ func New(ctx context.Context, settings settings.ControlServer, logger Logger,
 	}

 	httpServerSettings := httpserver.Settings{
-		Address: *settings.Address,
+		Address: address,
 		Handler: handler,
 		Logger:  logger,
 	}
@@ -44,26 +46,3 @@ func New(ctx context.Context, settings settings.ControlServer, logger Logger,

 	return server, nil
 }
-
-func setupAuthMiddleware(authPath, jsonDefaultRole string, logger Logger) (
-	authSettings auth.Settings, err error,
-) {
-	authSettings, err = auth.Read(authPath)
-	switch {
-	case errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist): // no auth file present
-	case err != nil:
-		return auth.Settings{}, fmt.Errorf("reading auth settings: %w", err)
-	default:
-		logger.Infof("read %d roles from authentication file", len(authSettings.Roles))
-	}
-	err = authSettings.SetDefaultRole(jsonDefaultRole)
-	if err != nil {
-		return auth.Settings{}, fmt.Errorf("setting default role: %w", err)
-	}
-	authSettings.SetDefaults()
-	err = authSettings.Validate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return auth.Settings{}, fmt.Errorf("validating auth settings: %w", err)
-	}
-	return authSettings, nil
-}
--- a/internal/storage/mocks_generate_test.go
+++ b/internal/storage/mocks_generate_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 package storage

-//go:generate mockgen -destination=mocks_test.go -package $GOPACKAGE . Logger
+//go:generate mockgen -destination=mocks_test.go -package $GOPACKAGE . Infoer
--- a/internal/storage/mocks_test.go
+++ b/internal/storage/mocks_test.go
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
-// Source: github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/storage (interfaces: Logger)
+// Source: github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/storage (interfaces: Infoer)

 // Package storage is a generated GoMock package.
 package storage
@@ -10,49 +10,37 @@ import (
 	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 )

-// MockLogger is a mock of Logger interface.
-type MockLogger struct {
+// MockInfoer is a mock of Infoer interface.
+type MockInfoer struct {
 	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
-	recorder *MockLoggerMockRecorder
+	recorder *MockInfoerMockRecorder
 }

-// MockLoggerMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockLogger.
-type MockLoggerMockRecorder struct {
-	mock *MockLogger
+// MockInfoerMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockInfoer.
+type MockInfoerMockRecorder struct {
+	mock *MockInfoer
 }

-// NewMockLogger creates a new mock instance.
-func NewMockLogger(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockLogger {
-	mock := &MockLogger{ctrl: ctrl}
-	mock.recorder = &MockLoggerMockRecorder{mock}
+// NewMockInfoer creates a new mock instance.
+func NewMockInfoer(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockInfoer {
+	mock := &MockInfoer{ctrl: ctrl}
+	mock.recorder = &MockInfoerMockRecorder{mock}
 	return mock
 }

 // EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use.
-func (m *MockLogger) EXPECT() *MockLoggerMockRecorder {
+func (m *MockInfoer) EXPECT() *MockInfoerMockRecorder {
 	return m.recorder
 }

 // Info mocks base method.
-func (m *MockLogger) Info(arg0 string) {
+func (m *MockInfoer) Info(arg0 string) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	m.ctrl.Call(m, "Info", arg0)
 }

 // Info indicates an expected call of Info.
-func (mr *MockLoggerMockRecorder) Info(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockInfoerMockRecorder) Info(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Info", reflect.TypeOf((*MockLogger)(nil).Info), arg0)
-}
-
-// Warn mocks base method.
-func (m *MockLogger) Warn(arg0 string) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	m.ctrl.Call(m, "Warn", arg0)
-}
-
-// Warn indicates an expected call of Warn.
-func (mr *MockLoggerMockRecorder) Warn(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Warn", reflect.TypeOf((*MockLogger)(nil).Warn), arg0)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Info", reflect.TypeOf((*MockInfoer)(nil).Info), arg0)
 }
--- a/internal/storage/read_test.go
+++ b/internal/storage/read_test.go
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func Test_extractServersFromBytes(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 			ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)

-			logger := NewMockLogger(ctrl)
+			logger := NewMockInfoer(ctrl)
 			var previousLogCall *gomock.Call
 			for _, logged := range testCase.logged {
 				call := logger.EXPECT().Info(logged)
--- a/internal/storage/servers.json
+++ b/internal/storage/servers.json
--- a/internal/storage/storage.go
+++ b/internal/storage/storage.go
@@ -13,35 +13,30 @@ type Storage struct {
 	// the embedded JSON file on every call to the
 	// SyncServers method.
 	hardcodedServers models.AllServers
-	logger           Logger
+	logger           Infoer
 	filepath         string
 }

-type Logger interface {
+type Infoer interface {
 	Info(s string)
-	Warn(s string)
 }

 // New creates a new storage and reads the servers from the
 // embedded servers file and the file on disk.
-// Passing an empty filepath disables the reading and writing of
-// servers.
-func New(logger Logger, filepath string) (storage *Storage, err error) {
+// Passing an empty filepath disables writing servers to a file.
+func New(logger Infoer, filepath string) (storage *Storage, err error) {
 	// A unit test prevents any error from being returned
 	// and ensures all providers are part of the servers returned.
 	hardcodedServers, _ := parseHardcodedServers()

 	storage = &Storage{
 		hardcodedServers: hardcodedServers,
-		mergedServers:    hardcodedServers,
 		logger:           logger,
 		filepath:         filepath,
 	}

-	if filepath != "" {
-		if err := storage.syncServers(); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
+	if err := storage.syncServers(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}

 	return storage, nil
--- a/internal/storage/sync.go
+++ b/internal/storage/sync.go
@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ func (s *Storage) syncServers() (err error) {
 	}

 	// Eventually write file
-	if reflect.DeepEqual(serversOnFile, s.mergedServers) {
+	if s.filepath == "" || reflect.DeepEqual(serversOnFile, s.mergedServers) {
 		return nil
 	}

 	err = s.flushToFile(s.filepath)
 	if err != nil {
-		s.logger.Warn("failed writing servers to file: " + err.Error())
+		return fmt.Errorf("writing servers to file: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
--- a/internal/updater/providers.go
+++ b/internal/updater/providers.go
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func (u *Updater) updateProvider(ctx context.Context, provider Provider,
 			u.logger.Warn("note: if running the update manually, you can use the flag " +
 				"-minratio to allow the update to succeed with less servers found")
 		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("getting %s servers: %w", providerName, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("getting servers: %w", err)
 	}

 	for _, server := range servers {
--- a/internal/updater/updater.go
+++ b/internal/updater/updater.go
@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ package updater

 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider/common"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater/unzip"
 	"golang.org/x/text/cases"
 	"golang.org/x/text/language"
@@ -50,22 +48,22 @@ func (u *Updater) UpdateServers(ctx context.Context, providers []string,
 		// TODO support servers offering only TCP or only UDP
 		// for NordVPN and PureVPN
 		err := u.updateProvider(ctx, fetcher, minRatio)
-		switch {
-		case err == nil:
+		if err == nil {
 			continue
-		case errors.Is(err, common.ErrCredentialsMissing):
-			u.logger.Warn(err.Error() + " - skipping update for " + providerName)
-			continue
-		case len(providers) == 1:
-			// return the only error for the single provider.
-			return err
-		case ctx.Err() != nil:
-			// stop updating other providers if context is done
-			return ctx.Err()
-		default: // error encountered updating one of multiple providers
-			// Log the error and continue updating the next provider.
-			u.logger.Error(err.Error())
 		}
+
+		// return the only error for the single provider.
+		if len(providers) == 1 {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// stop updating the next providers if context is canceled.
+		if ctxErr := ctx.Err(); ctxErr != nil {
+			return ctxErr
+		}
+
+		// Log the error and continue updating the next provider.
+		u.logger.Error(err.Error())
 	}

 	return nil
--- a/internal/vpn/run.go
+++ b/internal/vpn/run.go
@@ -56,14 +56,14 @@ func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 			password:       settings.Provider.PortForwarding.Password,
 		}

-		vpnCtx, vpnCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		openvpnCtx, openvpnCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 		waitError := make(chan error)
 		tunnelReady := make(chan struct{})

-		go vpnRunner.Run(vpnCtx, waitError, tunnelReady)
+		go vpnRunner.Run(openvpnCtx, waitError, tunnelReady)

 		if err := l.waitForError(ctx, waitError); err != nil {
-			vpnCancel()
+			openvpnCancel()
 			l.crashed(ctx, err)
 			continue
 		}
@@ -75,10 +75,10 @@ func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 		for stayHere {
 			select {
 			case <-tunnelReady:
-				go l.onTunnelUp(vpnCtx, ctx, tunnelUpData)
+				go l.onTunnelUp(openvpnCtx, ctx, tunnelUpData)
 			case <-ctx.Done():
 				l.cleanup()
-				vpnCancel()
+				openvpnCancel()
 				<-waitError
 				close(waitError)
 				return
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 				l.userTrigger = true
 				l.logger.Info("stopping")
 				l.cleanup()
-				vpnCancel()
+				openvpnCancel()
 				<-waitError
 				// do not close waitError or the waitError
 				// select case will trigger
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 				l.statusManager.Lock() // prevent SetStatus from running in parallel

 				l.cleanup()
-				vpnCancel()
+				openvpnCancel()
 				l.statusManager.SetStatus(constants.Crashed)
 				l.logAndWait(ctx, err)
 				stayHere = false
@@ -107,6 +107,6 @@ func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 				l.statusManager.Unlock()
 			}
 		}
-		vpnCancel()
+		openvpnCancel()
 	}
 }
--- a/internal/vpn/tunnelup.go
+++ b/internal/vpn/tunnelup.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"net/netip"

+	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/check"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/version"
 )
@@ -45,7 +46,14 @@ func (l *Loop) onTunnelUp(ctx, loopCtx context.Context, data tunnelUpData) {
 		return
 	}

-	_, _ = l.dnsLooper.ApplyStatus(ctx, constants.Running)
+	if *l.dnsLooper.GetSettings().DoT.Enabled {
+		_, _ = l.dnsLooper.ApplyStatus(ctx, constants.Running)
+	} else {
+		err := check.WaitForDNS(ctx, check.Settings{})
+		if err != nil {
+			l.logger.Error("waiting for DNS to be ready: " + err.Error())
+		}
+	}

 	err = l.publicip.RunOnce(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/maintenance.md
+++ b/maintenance.md
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # Maintenance

+- Rename `UNBLOCK` to `DNS_HOSTNAMES_UNBLOCKED`
 - Change `Run` methods to `Start`+`Stop`, returning channels rather than injecting them
 - Go 1.18
  - gofumpt