feat(server): role based authentication system (#2434 )

- Parse toml configuration file, see https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/advanced/control-server.md#authentication - Retro-compatible with existing AND documented routes, until after v3.41 release - Log a warning if an unprotected-by-default route is accessed unprotected - Authentication methods: none, apikey, basic - `genkey` command to generate API keys - move log middleware to internal/server/middlewares/log Co-authored-by: Joe Jose <45399349+joejose97@users.noreply.github.com>
fix(settings): prevent using FREE_ONLY and PORT_FORWARD_ONLY together with protonvpn (see #2470 )
2024-09-29 17:53:17 +00:00 · 2024-09-29 17:53:17 +00:00 · 2024-09-29 17:53:17 +00:00 · 2024-09-29 17:53:17 +00:00 · 2024-09-29 17:53:17 +00:00 · 2024-09-29 17:53:17 +00:00
452 changed files with 12879 additions and 20089 deletions
--- a/.devcontainer/.dockerignore
+++ b/.devcontainer/.dockerignore
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 .dockerignore
 devcontainer.json
+docker-compose.yml
 Dockerfile
 README.md
--- a/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
+++ b/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-FROM qmcgaw/godevcontainer:v0.20-alpine
+FROM qmcgaw/godevcontainer
 RUN apk add wireguard-tools htop openssl
--- a/.devcontainer/README.md
+++ b/.devcontainer/README.md
@@ -2,47 +2,68 @@

 Development container that can be used with VSCode.

-It works on Linux, Windows (WSL2) and OSX.
+It works on Linux, Windows and OSX.

 ## Requirements

 - [VS code](https://code.visualstudio.com/download) installed
- [VS code dev containers extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode-remote.remote-containers) installed
+- [VS code remote containers extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode-remote.remote-containers) installed
 - [Docker](https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop) installed and running
+- [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/) installed

 ## Setup

-1. Create the following files and directory on your host if you don't have them:
+1. Create the following files on your host if you don't have them:

    ```sh
    touch ~/.gitconfig ~/.zsh_history
-    mkdir -p ~/.ssh
    ```

-1. **For Docker on OSX**: ensure the project directory and your home directory `~` are accessible by Docker.
+    Note that the development container will create the empty directories `~/.docker`, `~/.ssh` and `~/.kube` if you don't have them.
+
+1. **For Docker on OSX or Windows without WSL**: ensure your home directory `~` is accessible by Docker.
 1. Open the command palette in Visual Studio Code (CTRL+SHIFT+P).
-1. Select `Dev Containers: Open Folder in Container...` and choose the project directory.
+1. Select `Remote-Containers: Open Folder in Container...` and choose the project directory.

 ## Customization

-For any customization to take effect, you should "rebuild and reopen":
+### Customize the image

-1. Open the command palette in Visual Studio Code (CTRL+SHIFT+P)
-2. Select `Dev Containers: Rebuild Container`
+You can make changes to the [Dockerfile](Dockerfile) and then rebuild the image. For example, your Dockerfile could be:

-Changes you can make are notably:
+```Dockerfile
+FROM qmcgaw/godevcontainer
+RUN apk add curl
+```

- Changes to the Docker image in [Dockerfile](Dockerfile)
- Changes to VSCode **settings** and **extensions** in [devcontainer.json](devcontainer.json).
- Change the entrypoint script by adding a bind mount in [devcontainer.json](devcontainer.json) of a shell script to `/root/.welcome.sh` to replace the [current welcome script](https://github.com/qdm12/godevcontainer/blob/master/shell/.welcome.sh). For example:
+To rebuild the image, either:

-    ```json
-    // Welcome script
-    {
-        "source": "/yourpath/.welcome.sh",
-        "target": "/root/.welcome.sh",
-        "type": "bind"
-    },
+- With VSCode through the command palette, select `Remote-Containers: Rebuild and reopen in container`
+- With a terminal, go to this directory and `docker-compose build`
+
+### Customize VS code settings
+
+You can customize **settings** and **extensions** in the [devcontainer.json](devcontainer.json) definition file.
+
+### Entrypoint script
+
+You can bind mount a shell script to `/root/.welcome.sh` to replace the [current welcome script](https://github.com/qdm12/godevcontainer/blob/master/shell/.welcome.sh).
+
+### Publish a port
+
+To access a port from your host to your development container, publish a port in [docker-compose.yml](docker-compose.yml). You can also now do it directly with VSCode without restarting the container.
+
+### Run other services
+
+1. Modify [docker-compose.yml](docker-compose.yml) to launch other services at the same time as this development container, such as a test database:
+
+    ```yml
+      database:
+        image: postgres
+        restart: always
+        environment:
+          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: password
    ```

- More options are documented in the [devcontainer.json reference](https://containers.dev/implementors/json_reference/).
+1. In [devcontainer.json](devcontainer.json), change the line `"runServices": ["vscode"],` to `"runServices": ["vscode", "database"],`.
+1. In the VS code command palette, rebuild the container.
--- a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
+++ b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
@@ -1,50 +1,16 @@
 {
    "name": "gluetun-dev",
-    // User defined settings
-    "containerEnv": {
-        "TZ": ""
-    },
-    // Fixed settings
-    "build": {
-        "dockerfile": "./Dockerfile"
-    },
-    "postCreateCommand": "~/.windows.sh && go mod download",
-    "capAdd": [
-        "NET_ADMIN", // Gluetun specific
-        "SYS_PTRACE" // for dlv Go debugging
+    "dockerComposeFile": [
+        "docker-compose.yml"
    ],
-    "securityOpt": [
-        "seccomp=unconfined" // for dlv Go debugging
-    ],
-    "mounts": [
-        // Zsh commands history persistence
-        {
-            "source": "${localEnv:HOME}/.zsh_history",
-            "target": "/root/.zsh_history",
-            "type": "bind"
-        },
-        // Git configuration file
-        {
-            "source": "${localEnv:HOME}/.gitconfig",
-            "target": "/root/.gitconfig",
-            "type": "bind"
-        },
-        // SSH directory for Linux, OSX and WSL
-        // On Linux and OSX, a symlink /mnt/ssh <-> ~/.ssh is
-        // created in the container. On Windows, files are copied
-        // from /mnt/ssh to ~/.ssh to fix permissions.
-        {
-            "source": "${localEnv:HOME}/.ssh",
-            "target": "/mnt/ssh",
-            "type": "bind"
-        },
-        // Docker socket to access the host Docker server
-        {
-            "source": "/var/run/docker.sock",
-            "target": "/var/run/docker.sock",
-            "type": "bind"
-        }
+    "service": "vscode",
+    "runServices": [
+        "vscode"
    ],
+    "shutdownAction": "stopCompose",
+    "postCreateCommand": "~/.windows.sh && go mod download && go mod tidy",
+    "workspaceFolder": "/workspace",
+    // "overrideCommand": "",
    "customizations": {
        "vscode": {
            "extensions": [
@@ -81,8 +47,7 @@
                },
                "gopls": {
                    "usePlaceholders": false,
-                    "staticcheck": true,
-                    "formatting.gofumpt": true,
+                    "staticcheck": true
                },
                "go.lintTool": "golangci-lint",
                "go.lintOnSave": "package",
--- a/.devcontainer/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/.devcontainer/docker-compose.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+version: "3.7"
+
+services:
+  vscode:
+    build: .
+    volumes:
+      - ../:/workspace
+      # Docker socket to access Docker server
+      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
+      # SSH directory for Linux, OSX and WSL
+      # On Linux and OSX, a symlink /mnt/ssh <-> ~/.ssh is
+      # created in the container. On Windows, files are copied
+      # from /mnt/ssh to ~/.ssh to fix permissions.
+      - ~/.ssh:/mnt/ssh
+      # Shell history persistence
+      - ~/.zsh_history:/root/.zsh_history
+      # Git config
+      - ~/.gitconfig:/root/.gitconfig
+    environment:
+      - TZ=
+    cap_add:
+      # For debugging with dlv
+      - SYS_PTRACE
+      - NET_ADMIN
+    security_opt:
+      # For debugging with dlv
+      - seccomp:unconfined
+    entrypoint: [ "zsh", "-c", "while sleep 1000; do :; done" ]
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ body:
        - Cyberghost
        - ExpressVPN
        - FastestVPN
-        - Giganews
        - HideMyAss
        - IPVanish
        - IVPN
--- a/.github/labels.yml
+++ b/.github/labels.yml
@@ -9,9 +9,6 @@
 - name: "Status: 🔒 After next release"
  color: "f7d692"
  description: "Will be done after the next release"
- name: "Status: 🟡 Nearly resolved"
-  color: "f7d692"
-  description: "This might be resolved or is about to be resolved"

 - name: "Closed: ⚰️ Inactive"
  color: "959a9c"
@@ -46,8 +43,6 @@
  color: "cfe8d4"
 - name: "☁️ Cyberghost"
  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: "☁️ Giganews"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
 - name: "☁️ HideMyAss"
  color: "cfe8d4"
 - name: "☁️ IPVanish"
@@ -91,8 +86,7 @@
 - name: "☁️ Windscribe"
  color: "cfe8d4"

- name: "Category: User error 🤦"
-  from_name: "Category: Config problem 📝"
+- name: "Category: Config problem 📝"
  color: "ffc7ea"
 - name: "Category: Healthcheck 🩺"
  color: "ffc7ea"
@@ -144,9 +138,3 @@
  color: "ffc7ea"
 - name: "Category: public IP service 💬"
  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: servers storage 📦"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: Performance 🚀"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
- name: "Category: Investigation 🔍"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: "^1.23"
+          go-version: "^1.22"
      - uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
        with:
          languages: go
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ jobs:
        run: echo "::set-output name=value::$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"

      - name: Build and push final image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
        with:
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v6,linux/arm/v7,linux/ppc64le
          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -7,12 +7,27 @@ issues:
    - path: _test\.go
      linters:
        - dupl
-        - err113
+        - goerr113
        - containedctx
+        - goconst
        - maintidx
    - path: "internal\\/server\\/.+\\.go"
      linters:
        - dupl
+    - path: "internal\\/configuration\\/settings\\/.+\\.go"
+      linters:
+        - dupl
+    - text: "^mnd: Magic number: 0[0-9]{3}, in <argument> detected$"
+      source: "^.+= os\\.OpenFile\\(.+, .+, 0[0-9]{3}\\)"
+      linters:
+        - gomnd
+    - text: "^mnd: Magic number: 0[0-9]{3}, in <argument> detected$"
+      source: "^.+= os\\.MkdirAll\\(.+, 0[0-9]{3}\\)"
+      linters:
+        - gomnd
+    - linters:
+        - lll
+      source: "^//go:generate .+$"
    - text: "returns interface \\(github\\.com\\/vishvananda\\/netlink\\.Link\\)"
      linters:
        - ireturn
@@ -20,6 +35,18 @@ issues:
      text: "newCipherDESCBCBlock returns interface \\(github\\.com\\/youmark\\/pkcs8\\.Cipher\\)"
      linters:
        - ireturn
+    - path: "internal\\/firewall\\/.*\\.go"
+      text: "string `-i ` has [1-9][0-9]* occurrences, make it a constant"
+      linters:
+        - goconst
+    - path: "internal\\/provider\\/ipvanish\\/updater\\/servers.go"
+      text: "string ` in ` has 3 occurrences, make it a constant"
+      linters:
+        - goconst
+    - path: "internal\\/vpn\\/portforward.go"
+      text: 'directive `//nolint:ireturn` is unused for linter "ireturn"'
+      linters:
+        - nolintlint

 linters:
  enable:
@@ -30,17 +57,16 @@ linters:
    - bidichk
    - bodyclose
    - containedctx
-    - copyloopvar
    - decorder
    - dogsled
    - dupl
    - dupword
    - durationcheck
-    - err113
    - errchkjson
    - errname
+    - execinquery
    - exhaustive
-    - fatcontext
+    - exportloopref
    - forcetypeassert
    - gci
    - gocheckcompilerdirectives
@@ -51,9 +77,10 @@ linters:
    - gocritic
    - gocyclo
    - godot
-    - gofumpt
+    - goerr113
    - goheader
    - goimports
+    - gomnd
    - gomoddirectives
    - goprintffuncname
    - gosec
@@ -61,14 +88,12 @@ linters:
    - grouper
    - importas
    - interfacebloat
-    - intrange
    - ireturn
    - lll
    - maintidx
    - makezero
    - mirror
    - misspell
-    - mnd
    - musttag
    - nakedret
    - nestif
--- a/27
+++ b/27
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 ARG ALPINE_VERSION=3.20
 ARG GO_ALPINE_VERSION=3.20
-ARG GO_VERSION=1.23
+ARG GO_VERSION=1.22
 ARG XCPUTRANSLATE_VERSION=v0.6.0
-ARG GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION=v1.61.0
+ARG GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION=v1.56.2
 ARG MOCKGEN_VERSION=v1.6.0
 ARG BUILDPLATFORM=linux/amd64

@@ -91,7 +91,6 @@ ENV VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=pia \
    OPENVPN_CIPHERS= \
    OPENVPN_AUTH= \
    OPENVPN_PROCESS_USER=root \
-    OPENVPN_MSSFIX= \
    OPENVPN_CUSTOM_CONFIG= \
    # Wireguard
    WIREGUARD_ENDPOINT_IP= \
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ ENV VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=pia \
    WIREGUARD_PERSISTENT_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL=0 \
    WIREGUARD_ADDRESSES= \
    WIREGUARD_ADDRESSES_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/wireguard_addresses \
-    WIREGUARD_MTU=1320 \
+    WIREGUARD_MTU=1400 \
    WIREGUARD_IMPLEMENTATION=auto \
    # VPN server filtering
    SERVER_REGIONS= \
@@ -139,17 +138,15 @@ ENV VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=pia \
    SERVER_NUMBER= \
    # # PIA only:
    SERVER_NAMES= \
-    # # VPNUnlimited and ProtonVPN only:
-    STREAM_ONLY= \
-    FREE_ONLY= \
    # # ProtonVPN only:
+    FREE_ONLY= \
    SECURE_CORE_ONLY= \
    TOR_ONLY= \
    # # Surfshark only:
    MULTIHOP_ONLY= \
    # # VPN Secure only:
    PREMIUM_ONLY= \
-    # # PIA and ProtonVPN only:
+    # # PIA only:
    PORT_FORWARD_ONLY= \
    # Firewall
    FIREWALL_ENABLED_DISABLING_IT_SHOOTS_YOU_IN_YOUR_FOOT=on \
@@ -169,6 +166,9 @@ ENV VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=pia \
    DOT=on \
    DOT_PROVIDERS=cloudflare \
    DOT_PRIVATE_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1/8,10.0.0.0/8,172.16.0.0/12,192.168.0.0/16,169.254.0.0/16,::1/128,fc00::/7,fe80::/10,::ffff:7f00:1/104,::ffff:a00:0/104,::ffff:a9fe:0/112,::ffff:ac10:0/108,::ffff:c0a8:0/112 \
+    DOT_VERBOSITY=1 \
+    DOT_VERBOSITY_DETAILS=0 \
+    DOT_VALIDATION_LOGLEVEL=0 \
    DOT_CACHING=on \
    DOT_IPV6=off \
    BLOCK_MALICIOUS=on \
@@ -204,11 +204,9 @@ ENV VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=pia \
    UPDATER_VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDERS= \
    # Public IP
    PUBLICIP_FILE="/tmp/gluetun/ip" \
-    PUBLICIP_ENABLED=on \
-    PUBLICIP_API=ipinfo,ifconfigco,ip2location,cloudflare \
+    PUBLICIP_PERIOD=12h \
+    PUBLICIP_API=ipinfo \
    PUBLICIP_API_TOKEN= \
-    # Storage
-    STORAGE_FILEPATH=/gluetun/servers.json \
    # Pprof
    PPROF_ENABLED=no \
    PPROF_BLOCK_PROFILE_RATE=0 \
@@ -227,9 +225,10 @@ RUN apk add --no-cache --update -l wget && \
    apk add --no-cache --update -X "https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.17/main" openvpn\~2.5 && \
    mv /usr/sbin/openvpn /usr/sbin/openvpn2.5 && \
    apk del openvpn && \
-    apk add --no-cache --update openvpn ca-certificates iptables iptables-legacy tzdata && \
+    apk add --no-cache --update openvpn ca-certificates iptables iptables-legacy unbound tzdata && \
    mv /usr/sbin/openvpn /usr/sbin/openvpn2.6 && \
-    rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* /etc/openvpn/*.sh /usr/lib/openvpn/plugins/openvpn-plugin-down-root.so && \
+    rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* /etc/unbound/* /usr/sbin/unbound-* /etc/openvpn/*.sh /usr/lib/openvpn/plugins/openvpn-plugin-down-root.so && \
    deluser openvpn && \
+    deluser unbound && \
    mkdir /gluetun
 COPY --from=build /tmp/gobuild/entrypoint /gluetun-entrypoint
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Lightweight swiss-knife-like VPN client to multiple VPN service providers
 ## Features

 - Based on Alpine 3.20 for a small Docker image of 35.6MB
- Supports: **AirVPN**, **Cyberghost**, **ExpressVPN**, **FastestVPN**, **Giganews**, **HideMyAss**, **IPVanish**, **IVPN**, **Mullvad**, **NordVPN**, **Perfect Privacy**, **Privado**, **Private Internet Access**, **PrivateVPN**, **ProtonVPN**, **PureVPN**,  **SlickVPN**, **Surfshark**, **TorGuard**, **VPNSecure.me**, **VPNUnlimited**, **Vyprvpn**, **WeVPN**, **Windscribe** servers
+- Supports: **AirVPN**, **Cyberghost**, **ExpressVPN**, **FastestVPN**, **HideMyAss**, **IPVanish**, **IVPN**, **Mullvad**, **NordVPN**, **Perfect Privacy**, **Privado**, **Private Internet Access**, **PrivateVPN**, **ProtonVPN**, **PureVPN**,  **SlickVPN**, **Surfshark**, **TorGuard**, **VPNSecure.me**, **VPNUnlimited**, **Vyprvpn**, **WeVPN**, **Windscribe** servers
 - Supports OpenVPN for all providers listed
 - Supports Wireguard both kernelspace and userspace
  - For **AirVPN**, **FastestVPN**, **Ivpn**, **Mullvad**, **NordVPN**, **Perfect privacy**, **ProtonVPN**, **Surfshark** and **Windscribe**
@@ -73,8 +73,9 @@ Lightweight swiss-knife-like VPN client to multiple VPN service providers
 - [Connect other containers to it](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/connect-a-container-to-gluetun.md)
 - [Connect LAN devices to it](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/connect-a-lan-device-to-gluetun.md)
 - Compatible with amd64, i686 (32 bit), **ARM** 64 bit, ARM 32 bit v6 and v7, and even ppc64le 🎆
- Custom VPN server side port forwarding for [Perfect Privacy](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/providers/perfect-privacy.md#vpn-server-port-forwarding), [Private Internet Access](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/providers/private-internet-access.md#vpn-server-port-forwarding), [PrivateVPN](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/providers/privatevpn.md#vpn-server-port-forwarding) and [ProtonVPN](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/providers/protonvpn.md#vpn-server-port-forwarding)
+- Custom VPN server side port forwarding for [Perfect Privacy](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/providers/perfect-privacy.md#vpn-server-port-forwarding), [Private Internet Access](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/providers/private-internet-access.md#vpn-server-port-forwarding) and [ProtonVPN](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/providers/protonvpn.md#vpn-server-port-forwarding)
 - Possibility of split horizon DNS by selecting multiple DNS over TLS providers
+- Unbound subprogram drops root privileges once launched
 - Can work as a Kubernetes sidecar container, thanks @rorph

 ## Setup
--- a/cmd/gluetun/main.go
+++ b/cmd/gluetun/main.go
@@ -4,10 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/fs"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
-	"os/exec"
 	"os/signal"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
@@ -15,9 +13,9 @@ import (
 	_ "time/tzdata"

 	_ "github.com/breml/rootcerts"
+	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/unbound"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/alpine"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/cli"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/command"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources/files"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources/secrets"
@@ -34,6 +32,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/pprof"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/publicip"
+	pubipapi "github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/publicip/api"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/routing"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/server"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/shadowsocks"
@@ -43,6 +42,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater/resolver"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater/unzip"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/vpn"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/command"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader/sources/env"
 	"github.com/qdm12/goshutdown"
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/qdm12/goshutdown/order"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gosplash"
 	"github.com/qdm12/log"
+	"github.com/qdm12/updated/pkg/dnscrypto"
 )

 //nolint:gochecknoglobals
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ func main() {
 	netLinkDebugLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("netlink"))
 	netLinker := netlink.New(netLinkDebugLogger)
 	cli := cli.New()
-	cmder := command.New()
+	cmder := command.NewCmder()

 	reader := reader.New(reader.Settings{
 		Sources: []reader.Source{
@@ -98,13 +99,11 @@ func main() {
 		errorCh <- _main(ctx, buildInfo, args, logger, reader, tun, netLinker, cmder, cli)
 	}()

-	// Wait for OS signal or run error
 	var err error
 	select {
-	case receivedSignal := <-signalCh:
-		signal.Stop(signalCh)
+	case signal := <-signalCh:
 		fmt.Println("")
-		logger.Warn("Caught OS signal " + receivedSignal.String() + ", shutting down")
+		logger.Warn("Caught OS signal " + signal.String() + ", shutting down")
 		cancel()
 	case err = <-errorCh:
 		close(errorCh)
@@ -115,14 +114,15 @@ func main() {
 		cancel()
 	}

-	// Shutdown timed sequence, and force exit on second OS signal
 	const shutdownGracePeriod = 5 * time.Second
 	timer := time.NewTimer(shutdownGracePeriod)
 	select {
 	case shutdownErr := <-errorCh:
-		timer.Stop()
+		if !timer.Stop() {
+			<-timer.C
+		}
 		if shutdownErr != nil {
-			logger.Warnf("Shutdown failed: %s", shutdownErr)
+			logger.Warnf("Shutdown not completed gracefully: %s", shutdownErr)
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}

@@ -134,17 +134,21 @@ func main() {
 	case <-timer.C:
 		logger.Warn("Shutdown timed out")
 		os.Exit(1)
+	case signal := <-signalCh:
+		logger.Warn("Caught OS signal " + signal.String() + ", forcing shut down")
+		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 }

-var errCommandUnknown = errors.New("command is unknown")
+var (
+	errCommandUnknown = errors.New("command is unknown")
+)

 //nolint:gocognit,gocyclo,maintidx
 func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
 	args []string, logger log.LoggerInterface, reader *reader.Reader,
-	tun Tun, netLinker netLinker, cmder RunStarter,
-	cli clier,
-) error {
+	tun Tun, netLinker netLinker, cmder command.RunStarter,
+	cli clier) error {
 	if len(args) > 1 { // cli operation
 		switch args[1] {
 		case "healthcheck":
@@ -186,7 +190,7 @@ func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
 	}

 	var allSettings settings.Settings
-	err = allSettings.Read(reader, logger)
+	err = allSettings.Read(reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -237,7 +241,7 @@ func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,

 	// TODO run this in a loop or in openvpn to reload from file without restarting
 	storageLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("storage"))
-	storage, err := storage.New(storageLogger, *allSettings.Storage.Filepath)
+	storage, err := storage.New(storageLogger, constants.ServersData)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -247,7 +251,7 @@ func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
 		return fmt.Errorf("checking for IPv6 support: %w", err)
 	}

-	err = allSettings.Validate(storage, ipv6Supported, logger)
+	err = allSettings.Validate(storage, ipv6Supported)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -267,11 +271,16 @@ func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
 	ovpnConf := openvpn.New(
 		logger.New(log.SetComponent("openvpn configurator")),
 		cmder, puid, pgid)
+	dnsCrypto := dnscrypto.New(httpClient, "", "")
+	const cacertsPath = "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt"
+	dnsConf := unbound.NewConfigurator(nil, cmder, dnsCrypto,
+		"/etc/unbound", "/usr/sbin/unbound", cacertsPath)

 	err = printVersions(ctx, logger, []printVersionElement{
 		{name: "Alpine", getVersion: alpineConf.Version},
 		{name: "OpenVPN 2.5", getVersion: ovpnConf.Version25},
 		{name: "OpenVPN 2.6", getVersion: ovpnConf.Version26},
+		{name: "Unbound", getVersion: dnsConf.Version},
 		{name: "IPtables", getVersion: firewallConf.Version},
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -284,13 +293,10 @@ func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
 		logger.Warn(warning)
 	}

-	const permission = fs.FileMode(0o644)
-	err = os.MkdirAll("/tmp/gluetun", permission)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll("/tmp/gluetun", 0644); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = os.MkdirAll("/gluetun", permission)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll("/gluetun", 0644); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

@@ -302,8 +308,15 @@ func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
 	if nonRootUsername != defaultUsername {
 		logger.Info("using existing username " + nonRootUsername + " corresponding to user id " + fmt.Sprint(puid))
 	}
+	// set it for Unbound
+	// TODO remove this when migrating to qdm12/dns v2
+	allSettings.DNS.DoT.Unbound.Username = nonRootUsername
 	allSettings.VPN.OpenVPN.ProcessUser = nonRootUsername

+	if err := os.Chown("/etc/unbound", puid, pgid); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	if err := routingConf.Setup(); err != nil {
 		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "operation not permitted") {
 			logger.Warn("💡 Tip: Are you passing NET_ADMIN capability to gluetun?")
@@ -362,8 +375,7 @@ func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
 	}
 	defaultGroupOptions := []group.Option{
 		group.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout),
-		group.OptionOnSuccess(defaultShutdownOnSuccess),
-	}
+		group.OptionOnSuccess(defaultShutdownOnSuccess)}

 	controlGroupHandler := goshutdown.NewGroupHandler("control", defaultGroupOptions...)
 	tickersGroupHandler := goshutdown.NewGroupHandler("tickers", defaultGroupOptions...)
@@ -386,29 +398,28 @@ func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
 		return fmt.Errorf("starting port forwarding loop: %w", err)
 	}

-	dnsLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("dns"))
-	dnsLooper, err := dns.NewLoop(allSettings.DNS, httpClient,
-		dnsLogger)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating DNS loop: %w", err)
-	}
-
+	unboundLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("dns"))
+	unboundLooper := dns.NewLoop(dnsConf, allSettings.DNS, httpClient,
+		unboundLogger)
 	dnsHandler, dnsCtx, dnsDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"dns", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	// wait for dnsLooper.Restart or its ticker launched with RunRestartTicker
-	go dnsLooper.Run(dnsCtx, dnsDone)
+		"unbound", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
+	// wait for unboundLooper.Restart or its ticker launched with RunRestartTicker
+	go unboundLooper.Run(dnsCtx, dnsDone)
 	otherGroupHandler.Add(dnsHandler)

 	dnsTickerHandler, dnsTickerCtx, dnsTickerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
 		"dns ticker", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go dnsLooper.RunRestartTicker(dnsTickerCtx, dnsTickerDone)
+	go unboundLooper.RunRestartTicker(dnsTickerCtx, dnsTickerDone)
 	controlGroupHandler.Add(dnsTickerHandler)

-	publicIPLooper, err := publicip.NewLoop(allSettings.PublicIP, puid, pgid, httpClient,
-		logger.New(log.SetComponent("ip getter")))
+	publicipAPI, _ := pubipapi.ParseProvider(allSettings.PublicIP.API)
+	ipFetcher, err := pubipapi.New(publicipAPI, httpClient, *allSettings.PublicIP.APIToken)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating public ip loop: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("creating public IP API client: %w", err)
 	}
+	publicIPLooper := publicip.NewLoop(ipFetcher,
+		logger.New(log.SetComponent("ip getter")),
+		allSettings.PublicIP, puid, pgid)
 	publicIPRunError, err := publicIPLooper.Start(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("starting public ip loop: %w", err)
@@ -420,12 +431,12 @@ func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
 	parallelResolver := resolver.NewParallelResolver(allSettings.Updater.DNSAddress)
 	openvpnFileExtractor := extract.New()
 	providers := provider.NewProviders(storage, time.Now, updaterLogger,
-		httpClient, unzipper, parallelResolver, publicIPLooper.Fetcher(), openvpnFileExtractor)
+		httpClient, unzipper, parallelResolver, ipFetcher, openvpnFileExtractor)

 	vpnLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("vpn"))
 	vpnLooper := vpn.NewLoop(allSettings.VPN, ipv6Supported, allSettings.Firewall.VPNInputPorts,
 		providers, storage, ovpnConf, netLinker, firewallConf, routingConf, portForwardLooper,
-		cmder, publicIPLooper, dnsLooper, vpnLogger, httpClient,
+		cmder, publicIPLooper, unboundLooper, vpnLogger, httpClient,
 		buildInfo, *allSettings.Version.Enabled)
 	vpnHandler, vpnCtx, vpnDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
 		"vpn", goroutine.OptionTimeout(time.Second))
@@ -466,7 +477,7 @@ func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
 	httpServer, err := server.New(httpServerCtx, controlServerAddress, controlServerLogging,
 		logger.New(log.SetComponent("http server")),
 		allSettings.ControlServer.AuthFilePath,
-		buildInfo, vpnLooper, portForwardLooper, dnsLooper, updaterLooper, publicIPLooper,
+		buildInfo, vpnLooper, portForwardLooper, unboundLooper, updaterLooper, publicIPLooper,
 		storage, ipv6Supported)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("setting up control server: %w", err)
@@ -526,8 +537,7 @@ type infoer interface {
 }

 func printVersions(ctx context.Context, logger infoer,
-	elements []printVersionElement,
-) (err error) {
+	elements []printVersionElement) (err error) {
 	const timeout = 5 * time.Second
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
 	defer cancel()
@@ -595,9 +605,3 @@ type Tun interface {
 	Check(tunDevice string) error
 	Create(tunDevice string) error
 }
-
-type RunStarter interface {
-	Run(cmd *exec.Cmd) (output string, err error)
-	Start(cmd *exec.Cmd) (stdoutLines, stderrLines <-chan string,
-		waitError <-chan error, err error)
-}
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,62 +1,57 @@
 module github.com/qdm12/gluetun

-go 1.23
+go 1.22

 require (
-	github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.2.18
-	github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0
+	github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.2.17
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.17.0
 	github.com/golang/mock v1.6.0
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.11
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.8
 	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.6
-	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.3
-	github.com/qdm12/dns/v2 v2.0.0-rc8
-	github.com/qdm12/gosettings v0.4.3
+	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.2
+	github.com/qdm12/dns v1.11.0
+	github.com/qdm12/golibs v0.0.0-20210822203818-5c568b0777b6
+	github.com/qdm12/gosettings v0.4.2
 	github.com/qdm12/goshutdown v0.3.0
 	github.com/qdm12/gosplash v0.2.0
-	github.com/qdm12/gotree v0.3.0
+	github.com/qdm12/gotree v0.2.0
 	github.com/qdm12/log v0.1.0
 	github.com/qdm12/ss-server v0.6.0
+	github.com/qdm12/updated v0.0.0-20210603204757-205acfe6937e
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
 	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.11
-	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.2.1
+	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.2.1-beta.2
 	github.com/youmark/pkcs8 v0.0.0-20201027041543-1326539a0a0a
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20241009180824-f66d83c29e7c
-	golang.org/x/net v0.30.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.27.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.19.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.25.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.15.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6
 	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0
+	inet.af/netaddr v0.0.0-20220811202034-502d2d690317
 )

 require (
-	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.9 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/native v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/genetlink v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.7.2 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.4.1 // indirect
-	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.62 // indirect
-	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
+	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.40 // indirect
+	github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.5 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.60.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
-	github.com/qdm12/goservices v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/riobard/go-bloom v0.0.0-20200614022211-cdc8013cb5b3 // indirect
-	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.28.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.21.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.26.0 // indirect
+	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.0-20200728191858-db3c7e526aae // indirect
+	go4.org/intern v0.0.0-20211027215823-ae77deb06f29 // indirect
+	go4.org/unsafe/assume-no-moving-gc v0.0.0-20230525183740-e7c30c78aeb2 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.23.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20231110203233-9a3e6036ecaa // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.35.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/libcap/cap v1.2.70 // indirect
-	kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/libcap/psx v1.2.70 // indirect
+	kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/libcap/cap v1.2.69 // indirect
+	kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/libcap/psx v1.2.69 // indirect
 )
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,31 +1,69 @@
-github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
-github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
-github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.2.18 h1:KjZaNT7AX/akUjzpStuwTMQs42YHlPyc6NmdwShVba0=
-github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.2.18/go.mod h1:S/PKh+4d1HUn4HQovEB8hPJZO6pUZYrIhmXBhsegfXw=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
-github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
+github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell v1.1.0/go.mod h1:c11w/QuzBsJSee3cPx9rAFu61PvFxuPbtSwDGJws/X0=
+github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc v0.0.0-20170810143723-de5bf2ad4578/go.mod h1:uGdkoq3SwY9Y+13GIhn11/XLaGBb4BfwItxLd5jeuXE=
+github.com/alcortesm/tgz v0.0.0-20161220082320-9c5fe88206d7/go.mod h1:6zEj6s6u/ghQa61ZWa/C2Aw3RkjiTBOix7dkqa1VLIs=
+github.com/anmitsu/go-shlex v0.0.0-20161002113705-648efa622239/go.mod h1:2FmKhYUyUczH0OGQWaF5ceTx0UBShxjsH6f8oGKYe2c=
+github.com/armon/go-socks5 v0.0.0-20160902184237-e75332964ef5/go.mod h1:wHh0iHkYZB8zMSxRWpUBQtwG5a7fFgvEO+odwuTv2gs=
+github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20180720115003-f9ffefc3facf/go.mod h1:lB+ZfQJz7igIIfQNfa7Ml4HSf2uFQQRzpGGRXenZAgY=
+github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.2.17 h1:0/M2BE2Apw0qEJCXDOkaiu7d5Sx5ObNfe1BkImJ4u1I=
+github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.2.17/go.mod h1:S/PKh+4d1HUn4HQovEB8hPJZO6pUZYrIhmXBhsegfXw=
+github.com/creack/pty v1.1.7/go.mod h1:lj5s0c3V2DBrqTV7llrYr5NG6My20zk30Fl46Y7DoTY=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
-github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0 h1:S8gINlzdQ840/4pfAwic/ZE0djQEH3wM94VfqLTZcOM=
-github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0/go.mod h1:4FelSpRwEGDpQ12mAdzqdOukCy4u8WUtOY6lkT/6HfU=
+github.com/docker/go-units v0.3.3/go.mod h1:fgPhTUdO+D/Jk86RDLlptpiXQzgHJF7gydDDbaIK4Dk=
+github.com/dvyukov/go-fuzz v0.0.0-20210103155950-6a8e9d1f2415/go.mod h1:11Gm+ccJnvAhCNLlf5+cS9KjtbaD5I5zaZpFMsTHWTw=
+github.com/emirpasic/gods v1.12.0/go.mod h1:YfzfFFoVP/catgzJb4IKIqXjX78Ha8FMSDh3ymbK86o=
+github.com/fatih/color v1.12.0/go.mod h1:ELkj/draVOlAH/xkhN6mQ50Qd0MPOk5AAr3maGEBuJM=
+github.com/fatih/color v1.17.0 h1:GlRw1BRJxkpqUCBKzKOw098ed57fEsKeNjpTe3cSjK4=
+github.com/fatih/color v1.17.0/go.mod h1:YZ7TlrGPkiz6ku9fK3TLD/pl3CpsiFyu8N92HLgmosI=
+github.com/flynn/go-shlex v0.0.0-20150515145356-3f9db97f8568/go.mod h1:xEzjJPgXI435gkrCt3MPfRiAkVrwSbHsst4LCFVfpJc=
+github.com/gliderlabs/ssh v0.2.2/go.mod h1:U7qILu1NlMHj9FlMhZLlkCdDnU1DBEAqr0aevW3Awn0=
+github.com/globalsign/mgo v0.0.0-20180905125535-1ca0a4f7cbcb/go.mod h1:xkRDCp4j0OGD1HRkm4kmhM+pmpv3AKq5SU7GMg4oO/Q=
+github.com/go-openapi/analysis v0.0.0-20180825180245-b006789cd277/go.mod h1:k70tL6pCuVxPJOHXQ+wIac1FUrvNkHolPie/cLEU6hI=
+github.com/go-openapi/analysis v0.17.0/go.mod h1:IowGgpVeD0vNm45So8nr+IcQ3pxVtpRoBWb8PVZO0ik=
+github.com/go-openapi/errors v0.17.0/go.mod h1:LcZQpmvG4wyF5j4IhA73wkLFQg+QJXOQHVjmcZxhka0=
+github.com/go-openapi/errors v0.17.2/go.mod h1:LcZQpmvG4wyF5j4IhA73wkLFQg+QJXOQHVjmcZxhka0=
+github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.17.0/go.mod h1:cOnomiV+CVVwFLk0A/MExoFMjwdsUdVpsRhURCKh+3M=
+github.com/go-openapi/jsonreference v0.17.0/go.mod h1:g4xxGn04lDIRh0GJb5QlpE3HfopLOL6uZrK/VgnsK9I=
+github.com/go-openapi/loads v0.17.0/go.mod h1:72tmFy5wsWx89uEVddd0RjRWPZm92WRLhf7AC+0+OOU=
+github.com/go-openapi/runtime v0.0.0-20180920151709-4f900dc2ade9/go.mod h1:6v9a6LTXWQCdL8k1AO3cvqx5OtZY/Y9wKTgaoP6YRfA=
+github.com/go-openapi/runtime v0.17.2/go.mod h1:QO936ZXeisByFmZEO1IS1Dqhtf4QV1sYYFtIq6Ld86Q=
+github.com/go-openapi/spec v0.17.0/go.mod h1:XkF/MOi14NmjsfZ8VtAKf8pIlbZzyoTvZsdfssdxcBI=
+github.com/go-openapi/strfmt v0.17.0/go.mod h1:P82hnJI0CXkErkXi8IKjPbNBM6lV6+5pLP5l494TcyU=
+github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.17.0/go.mod h1:AByQ+nYG6gQg71GINrmuDXCPWdL640yX49/kXLo40Tg=
+github.com/go-openapi/validate v0.17.0/go.mod h1:Uh4HdOzKt19xGIGm1qHf/ofbX1YQ4Y+MYsct2VUrAJ4=
+github.com/golang/mock v1.5.0/go.mod h1:CWnOUgYIOo4TcNZ0wHX3YZCqsaM1I1Jvs6v3mP3KVu8=
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 gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20230927004350-cbd86285d259/go.mod h1:AVgIgHMwK63XvmAzWG9vLQ41YnVHN0du0tEC46fI7yY=
-kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/libcap/cap v1.2.70 h1:QnLPkuDWWbD5C+3DUA2IUXai5TK6w2zff+MAGccqdsw=
-kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/libcap/cap v1.2.70/go.mod h1:/iBwcj9nbLejQitYvUm9caurITQ6WyNHibJk6Q9fiS4=
-kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/libcap/psx v1.2.70 h1:HsB2G/rEQiYyo1bGoQqHZ/Bvd6x1rERQTNdPr1FyWjI=
-kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/libcap/psx v1.2.70/go.mod h1:+l6Ee2F59XiJ2I6WR5ObpC1utCQJZ/VLsEbQCD8RG24=
+inet.af/netaddr v0.0.0-20210511181906-37180328850c/go.mod h1:z0nx+Dh+7N7CC8V5ayHtHGpZpxLQZZxkIaaz6HN65Ls=
+inet.af/netaddr v0.0.0-20220811202034-502d2d690317 h1:U2fwK6P2EqmopP/hFLTOAjWTki0qgd4GMJn5X8wOleU=
+inet.af/netaddr v0.0.0-20220811202034-502d2d690317/go.mod h1:OIezDfdzOgFhuw4HuWapWq2e9l0H9tK4F1j+ETRtF3k=
+kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/libcap/cap v1.2.69 h1:N0m3tKYbkRMmDobh/47ngz+AWeV7PcfXMDi8xu3Vrag=
+kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/libcap/cap v1.2.69/go.mod h1:Tk5Ip2TuxaWGpccL7//rAsLRH6RQ/jfqTGxuN/+i/FQ=
+kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/libcap/psx v1.2.69 h1:IdrOs1ZgwGw5CI+BH6GgVVlOt+LAXoPyh7enr8lfaXs=
+kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/libcap/psx v1.2.69/go.mod h1:+l6Ee2F59XiJ2I6WR5ObpC1utCQJZ/VLsEbQCD8RG24=
--- a/internal/alpine/users.go
+++ b/internal/alpine/users.go
@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@ package alpine
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"os/user"
 	"strconv"
 )

-var ErrUserAlreadyExists = errors.New("user already exists")
+var (
+	ErrUserAlreadyExists = errors.New("user already exists")
+)

 // CreateUser creates a user in Alpine with the given UID.
 func (a *Alpine) CreateUser(username string, uid int) (createdUsername string, err error) {
@@ -38,8 +39,7 @@ func (a *Alpine) CreateUser(username string, uid int) (createdUsername string, e
 			ErrUserAlreadyExists, username, u.Uid, uid)
 	}

-	const permission = fs.FileMode(0o644)
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(a.passwdPath, os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY, permission)
+	file, err := os.OpenFile(a.passwdPath, os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
--- a/internal/cli/clientkey.go
+++ b/internal/cli/clientkey.go
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ func (c *CLI) ClientKey(args []string) error {
 	if err := file.Close(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	s := string(data)
 	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\n", "")
 	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\r", "")
--- a/internal/cli/formatservers.go
+++ b/internal/cli/formatservers.go
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
@@ -17,13 +16,13 @@ import (
 )

 var (
+	ErrFormatNotRecognized       = errors.New("format is not recognized")
 	ErrProviderUnspecified       = errors.New("VPN provider to format was not specified")
 	ErrMultipleProvidersToFormat = errors.New("more than one VPN provider to format were specified")
 )

 func addProviderFlag(flagSet *flag.FlagSet, providerToFormat map[string]*bool,
-	provider string, titleCaser cases.Caser,
-) {
+	provider string, titleCaser cases.Caser) {
 	boolPtr, ok := providerToFormat[provider]
 	if !ok {
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("unknown provider in format map: %s", provider))
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ func (c *CLI) FormatServers(args []string) error {
 		providersToFormat[provider] = new(bool)
 	}
 	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("format-servers", flag.ExitOnError)
-	flagSet.StringVar(&format, "format", "markdown", "Format to use which can be: 'markdown' or 'json'")
+	flagSet.StringVar(&format, "format", "markdown", "Format to use which can be: 'markdown'")
 	flagSet.StringVar(&output, "output", "/dev/stdout", "Output file to write the formatted data to")
 	titleCaser := cases.Title(language.English)
 	for _, provider := range allProviderFlags {
@@ -54,7 +53,9 @@ func (c *CLI) FormatServers(args []string) error {
 		return err
 	}

-	// Note the format is validated by storage.Format
+	if format != "markdown" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrFormatNotRecognized, format)
+	}

 	// Verify only one provider is set to be formatted.
 	var providers []string
@@ -86,14 +87,10 @@ func (c *CLI) FormatServers(args []string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("creating servers storage: %w", err)
 	}

-	formatted, err := storage.Format(providerToFormat, format)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("formatting servers: %w", err)
-	}
+	formatted := storage.FormatToMarkdown(providerToFormat)

 	output = filepath.Clean(output)
-	const permission = fs.FileMode(0o644)
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(output, os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE, permission)
+	file, err := os.OpenFile(output, os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE, 0644)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("opening output file: %w", err)
 	}
--- a/internal/cli/genkey.go
+++ b/internal/cli/genkey.go
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func base58Encode(data []byte) string {
 	}

 	// integer simplification of ceil(log(256)/log(58))
-	ceilLog256Div58 := (len(data)-zcount)*555/406 + 1 //nolint:mnd
+	ceilLog256Div58 := (len(data)-zcount)*555/406 + 1 //nolint:gomnd
 	size := zcount + ceilLog256Div58

 	output := make([]byte, size)
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func base58Encode(data []byte) string {
 	for _, b := range data {
 		i := size - 1
 		for carry := uint32(b); i > high || carry != 0; i-- {
-			carry += 256 * uint32(output[i]) //nolint:mnd
+			carry += 256 * uint32(output[i]) //nolint:gomnd
 			output[i] = byte(carry % radix)
 			carry /= radix
 		}
--- a/internal/cli/nooplogger.go
+++ b/internal/cli/nooplogger.go
@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
 package cli

+import "github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
+
 type noopLogger struct{}

 func newNoopLogger() *noopLogger {
 	return new(noopLogger)
 }

-func (l *noopLogger) Info(string) {}
+func (l *noopLogger) Debug(string)             {}
+func (l *noopLogger) Info(string)              {}
+func (l *noopLogger) Warn(string)              {}
+func (l *noopLogger) Error(string)             {}
+func (l *noopLogger) PatchLevel(logging.Level) {}
+func (l *noopLogger) PatchPrefix(string)       {}
--- a/internal/cli/openvpnconfig.go
+++ b/internal/cli/openvpnconfig.go
@@ -34,8 +34,6 @@ type ParallelResolver interface {
 }

 type IPFetcher interface {
-	String() string
-	CanFetchAnyIP() bool
 	FetchInfo(ctx context.Context, ip netip.Addr) (data models.PublicIP, err error)
 }

@@ -44,15 +42,14 @@ type IPv6Checker interface {
 }

 func (c *CLI) OpenvpnConfig(logger OpenvpnConfigLogger, reader *reader.Reader,
-	ipv6Checker IPv6Checker,
-) error {
+	ipv6Checker IPv6Checker) error {
 	storage, err := storage.New(logger, constants.ServersData)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

 	var allSettings settings.Settings
-	err = allSettings.Read(reader, logger)
+	err = allSettings.Read(reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -62,7 +59,7 @@ func (c *CLI) OpenvpnConfig(logger OpenvpnConfigLogger, reader *reader.Reader,
 		return fmt.Errorf("checking for IPv6 support: %w", err)
 	}

-	if err = allSettings.Validate(storage, ipv6Supported, logger); err != nil {
+	if err = allSettings.Validate(storage, ipv6Supported); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("validating settings: %w", err)
 	}

--- a/internal/cli/update.go
+++ b/internal/cli/update.go
@@ -80,17 +80,10 @@ func (c *CLI) Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, logger UpdaterLogger) e
 	httpClient := &http.Client{Timeout: clientTimeout}
 	unzipper := unzip.New(httpClient)
 	parallelResolver := resolver.NewParallelResolver(options.DNSAddress)
-	nameTokenPairs := []api.NameToken{
-		{Name: string(api.IPInfo), Token: ipToken},
-		{Name: string(api.IP2Location)},
-		{Name: string(api.IfConfigCo)},
-	}
-	fetchers, err := api.New(nameTokenPairs, httpClient)
+	ipFetcher, err := api.New(api.IPInfo, httpClient, ipToken)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating public IP fetchers: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("creating public IP API client: %w", err)
 	}
-	ipFetcher := api.NewResilient(fetchers, logger)
-
 	openvpnFileExtractor := extract.New()

 	providers := provider.NewProviders(storage, time.Now, logger, httpClient,
--- a/internal/command/cmder.go
+++ b/internal/command/cmder.go
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-package command
-
-// Cmder handles running subprograms synchronously and asynchronously.
-type Cmder struct{}
-
-func New() *Cmder {
-	return &Cmder{}
-}
--- a/internal/command/interfaces_local.go
+++ b/internal/command/interfaces_local.go
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-package command
-
-import "io"
-
-type execCmd interface {
-	CombinedOutput() ([]byte, error)
-	StdoutPipe() (io.ReadCloser, error)
-	StderrPipe() (io.ReadCloser, error)
-	Start() error
-	Wait() error
-}
--- a/internal/command/mocks_generate_test.go
+++ b/internal/command/mocks_generate_test.go
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-package command
-
-//go:generate mockgen -destination=mocks_local_test.go -package=$GOPACKAGE -source=interfaces_local.go
--- a/internal/command/mocks_local_test.go
+++ b/internal/command/mocks_local_test.go
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
-// Source: interfaces_local.go
-
-// Package command is a generated GoMock package.
-package command
-
-import (
-	io "io"
-	reflect "reflect"
-
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-)
-
-// MockexecCmd is a mock of execCmd interface.
-type MockexecCmd struct {
-	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
-	recorder *MockexecCmdMockRecorder
-}
-
-// MockexecCmdMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockexecCmd.
-type MockexecCmdMockRecorder struct {
-	mock *MockexecCmd
-}
-
-// NewMockexecCmd creates a new mock instance.
-func NewMockexecCmd(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockexecCmd {
-	mock := &MockexecCmd{ctrl: ctrl}
-	mock.recorder = &MockexecCmdMockRecorder{mock}
-	return mock
-}
-
-// EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use.
-func (m *MockexecCmd) EXPECT() *MockexecCmdMockRecorder {
-	return m.recorder
-}
-
-// CombinedOutput mocks base method.
-func (m *MockexecCmd) CombinedOutput() ([]byte, error) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CombinedOutput")
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]byte)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
-	return ret0, ret1
-}
-
-// CombinedOutput indicates an expected call of CombinedOutput.
-func (mr *MockexecCmdMockRecorder) CombinedOutput() *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CombinedOutput", reflect.TypeOf((*MockexecCmd)(nil).CombinedOutput))
-}
-
-// Start mocks base method.
-func (m *MockexecCmd) Start() error {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Start")
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// Start indicates an expected call of Start.
-func (mr *MockexecCmdMockRecorder) Start() *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Start", reflect.TypeOf((*MockexecCmd)(nil).Start))
-}
-
-// StderrPipe mocks base method.
-func (m *MockexecCmd) StderrPipe() (io.ReadCloser, error) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "StderrPipe")
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(io.ReadCloser)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
-	return ret0, ret1
-}
-
-// StderrPipe indicates an expected call of StderrPipe.
-func (mr *MockexecCmdMockRecorder) StderrPipe() *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "StderrPipe", reflect.TypeOf((*MockexecCmd)(nil).StderrPipe))
-}
-
-// StdoutPipe mocks base method.
-func (m *MockexecCmd) StdoutPipe() (io.ReadCloser, error) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "StdoutPipe")
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(io.ReadCloser)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
-	return ret0, ret1
-}
-
-// StdoutPipe indicates an expected call of StdoutPipe.
-func (mr *MockexecCmdMockRecorder) StdoutPipe() *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "StdoutPipe", reflect.TypeOf((*MockexecCmd)(nil).StdoutPipe))
-}
-
-// Wait mocks base method.
-func (m *MockexecCmd) Wait() error {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Wait")
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// Wait indicates an expected call of Wait.
-func (mr *MockexecCmdMockRecorder) Wait() *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Wait", reflect.TypeOf((*MockexecCmd)(nil).Wait))
-}
--- a/internal/command/run.go
+++ b/internal/command/run.go
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-package command
-
-import (
-	"os/exec"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-// Run runs a command in a blocking manner, returning its output and
-// an error if it failed.
-func (c *Cmder) Run(cmd *exec.Cmd) (output string, err error) {
-	return run(cmd)
-}
-
-func run(cmd execCmd) (output string, err error) {
-	stdout, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
-	output = string(stdout)
-	output = strings.TrimSuffix(output, "\n")
-	lines := stringToLines(output)
-	for i := range lines {
-		lines[i] = strings.TrimPrefix(lines[i], "'")
-		lines[i] = strings.TrimSuffix(lines[i], "'")
-	}
-	output = strings.Join(lines, "\n")
-	return output, err
-}
-
-func stringToLines(s string) (lines []string) {
-	s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "\n")
-	return strings.Split(s, "\n")
-}
--- a/internal/command/run_test.go
+++ b/internal/command/run_test.go
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-package command
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"testing"
-
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func Test_run(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	errDummy := errors.New("dummy")
-
-	testCases := map[string]struct {
-		stdout []byte
-		cmdErr error
-		output string
-		err    error
-	}{
-		"no output": {},
-		"cmd error": {
-			stdout: []byte("'hello \nworld'\n"),
-			cmdErr: errDummy,
-			output: "hello \nworld",
-			err:    errDummy,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for name, testCase := range testCases {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
-
-			mockCmd := NewMockexecCmd(ctrl)
-
-			mockCmd.EXPECT().CombinedOutput().Return(testCase.stdout, testCase.cmdErr)
-
-			output, err := run(mockCmd)
-
-			if testCase.err != nil {
-				require.Error(t, err)
-				assert.Equal(t, testCase.err.Error(), err.Error())
-			} else {
-				assert.NoError(t, err)
-			}
-
-			assert.Equal(t, testCase.output, output)
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/command/start.go
+++ b/internal/command/start.go
@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-package command
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"errors"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-)
-
-// Start launches a command and streams stdout and stderr to channels.
-// All the channels returned are ready only and won't be closed
-// if the command fails later.
-func (c *Cmder) Start(cmd *exec.Cmd) (
-	stdoutLines, stderrLines <-chan string,
-	waitError <-chan error, startErr error,
-) {
-	return start(cmd)
-}
-
-func start(cmd execCmd) (stdoutLines, stderrLines <-chan string,
-	waitError <-chan error, startErr error,
-) {
-	stop := make(chan struct{})
-	stdoutReady := make(chan struct{})
-	stdoutLinesCh := make(chan string)
-	stdoutDone := make(chan struct{})
-	stderrReady := make(chan struct{})
-	stderrLinesCh := make(chan string)
-	stderrDone := make(chan struct{})
-
-	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
-	}
-	go streamToChannel(stdoutReady, stop, stdoutDone, stdout, stdoutLinesCh)
-
-	stderr, err := cmd.StderrPipe()
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = stdout.Close()
-		close(stop)
-		<-stdoutDone
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
-	}
-	go streamToChannel(stderrReady, stop, stderrDone, stderr, stderrLinesCh)
-
-	err = cmd.Start()
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = stdout.Close()
-		_ = stderr.Close()
-		close(stop)
-		<-stdoutDone
-		<-stderrDone
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	waitErrorCh := make(chan error)
-	go func() {
-		err := cmd.Wait()
-		_ = stdout.Close()
-		_ = stderr.Close()
-		close(stop)
-		<-stdoutDone
-		<-stderrDone
-		waitErrorCh <- err
-	}()
-
-	return stdoutLinesCh, stderrLinesCh, waitErrorCh, nil
-}
-
-func streamToChannel(ready chan<- struct{},
-	stop <-chan struct{}, done chan<- struct{},
-	stream io.Reader, lines chan<- string,
-) {
-	defer close(done)
-	close(ready)
-	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(stream)
-	lineBuffer := make([]byte, bufio.MaxScanTokenSize) // 64KB
-	const maxCapacity = 20 * 1024 * 1024               // 20MB
-	scanner.Buffer(lineBuffer, maxCapacity)
-
-	for scanner.Scan() {
-		// scanner is closed if the context is canceled
-		// or if the command failed starting because the
-		// stream is closed (io.EOF error).
-		lines <- scanner.Text()
-	}
-	err := scanner.Err()
-	if err == nil || errors.Is(err, os.ErrClosed) {
-		return
-	}
-
-	// ignore the error if it is stopped.
-	select {
-	case <-stop:
-		return
-	default:
-		lines <- "stream error: " + err.Error()
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/command/start_test.go
+++ b/internal/command/start_test.go
@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-package command
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"errors"
-	"io"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func linesToReadCloser(lines []string) io.ReadCloser {
-	s := strings.Join(lines, "\n")
-	return io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBufferString(s))
-}
-
-func Test_start(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	errDummy := errors.New("dummy")
-
-	testCases := map[string]struct {
-		stdout        []string
-		stdoutPipeErr error
-		stderr        []string
-		stderrPipeErr error
-		startErr      error
-		waitErr       error
-		err           error
-	}{
-		"no output": {},
-		"success": {
-			stdout: []string{"hello", "world"},
-			stderr: []string{"some", "error"},
-		},
-		"stdout pipe error": {
-			stdoutPipeErr: errDummy,
-			err:           errDummy,
-		},
-		"stderr pipe error": {
-			stderrPipeErr: errDummy,
-			err:           errDummy,
-		},
-		"start error": {
-			startErr: errDummy,
-			err:      errDummy,
-		},
-		"wait error": {
-			waitErr: errDummy,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for name, testCase := range testCases {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
-
-			stdout := linesToReadCloser(testCase.stdout)
-			stderr := linesToReadCloser(testCase.stderr)
-
-			mockCmd := NewMockexecCmd(ctrl)
-
-			mockCmd.EXPECT().StdoutPipe().
-				Return(stdout, testCase.stdoutPipeErr)
-			if testCase.stdoutPipeErr == nil {
-				mockCmd.EXPECT().StderrPipe().Return(stderr, testCase.stderrPipeErr)
-				if testCase.stderrPipeErr == nil {
-					mockCmd.EXPECT().Start().Return(testCase.startErr)
-					if testCase.startErr == nil {
-						mockCmd.EXPECT().Wait().Return(testCase.waitErr)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			stdoutLines, stderrLines, waitError, err := start(mockCmd)
-
-			if testCase.err != nil {
-				require.Error(t, err)
-				assert.Equal(t, testCase.err.Error(), err.Error())
-				assert.Nil(t, stdoutLines)
-				assert.Nil(t, stderrLines)
-				assert.Nil(t, waitError)
-				return
-			}
-
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-
-			var stdoutIndex, stderrIndex int
-
-			done := false
-			for !done {
-				select {
-				case line := <-stdoutLines:
-					assert.Equal(t, testCase.stdout[stdoutIndex], line)
-					stdoutIndex++
-				case line := <-stderrLines:
-					assert.Equal(t, testCase.stderr[stderrIndex], line)
-					stderrIndex++
-				case err := <-waitError:
-					if testCase.waitErr != nil {
-						require.Error(t, err)
-						assert.Equal(t, testCase.waitErr.Error(), err.Error())
-					} else {
-						assert.NoError(t, err)
-					}
-					done = true
-				}
-			}
-
-			assert.Equal(t, len(testCase.stdout), stdoutIndex)
-			assert.Equal(t, len(testCase.stderr), stderrIndex)
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/deprecated.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/deprecated.go
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"slices"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
-)
-
-func readObsolete(r *reader.Reader) (warnings []string) {
-	keyToMessage := map[string]string{
-		"DOT_VERBOSITY":           "DOT_VERBOSITY is obsolete, use LOG_LEVEL instead.",
-		"DOT_VERBOSITY_DETAILS":   "DOT_VERBOSITY_DETAILS is obsolete because it was specific to Unbound.",
-		"DOT_VALIDATION_LOGLEVEL": "DOT_VALIDATION_LOGLEVEL is obsolete because DNSSEC validation is not implemented.",
-	}
-	sortedKeys := maps.Keys(keyToMessage)
-	slices.Sort(sortedKeys)
-	warnings = make([]string, 0, len(keyToMessage))
-	for _, key := range sortedKeys {
-		if r.Get(key) != nil {
-			warnings = append(warnings, keyToMessage[key])
-		}
-	}
-	return warnings
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/dnsblacklist.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/dnsblacklist.go
@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@ package settings
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
 	"net/netip"
 	"regexp"

-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/blockbuilder"
+	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/blacklist"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
@@ -75,19 +74,16 @@ func (b *DNSBlacklist) overrideWith(other DNSBlacklist) {
 	b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes, other.AddBlockedIPPrefixes)
 }

-func (b DNSBlacklist) ToBlockBuilderSettings(client *http.Client) (
-	settings blockbuilder.Settings,
-) {
-	return blockbuilder.Settings{
-		Client:               client,
-		BlockMalicious:       b.BlockMalicious,
-		BlockAds:             b.BlockAds,
-		BlockSurveillance:    b.BlockSurveillance,
+func (b DNSBlacklist) ToBlacklistFormat() (settings blacklist.BuilderSettings, err error) {
+	return blacklist.BuilderSettings{
+		BlockMalicious:       *b.BlockMalicious,
+		BlockAds:             *b.BlockAds,
+		BlockSurveillance:    *b.BlockSurveillance,
 		AllowedHosts:         b.AllowedHosts,
 		AddBlockedHosts:      b.AddBlockedHosts,
-		AddBlockedIPs:        b.AddBlockedIPs,
-		AddBlockedIPPrefixes: b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes,
-	}
+		AddBlockedIPs:        netipAddressesToNetaddrIPs(b.AddBlockedIPs),
+		AddBlockedIPPrefixes: netipPrefixesToNetaddrIPPrefixes(b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes),
+	}, nil
 }

 func (b DNSBlacklist) String() string {
@@ -102,30 +98,30 @@ func (b DNSBlacklist) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
 	node.Appendf("Block surveillance: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(b.BlockSurveillance))

 	if len(b.AllowedHosts) > 0 {
-		allowedHostsNode := node.Append("Allowed hosts:")
+		allowedHostsNode := node.Appendf("Allowed hosts:")
 		for _, host := range b.AllowedHosts {
-			allowedHostsNode.Append(host)
+			allowedHostsNode.Appendf(host)
 		}
 	}

 	if len(b.AddBlockedHosts) > 0 {
-		blockedHostsNode := node.Append("Blocked hosts:")
+		blockedHostsNode := node.Appendf("Blocked hosts:")
 		for _, host := range b.AddBlockedHosts {
-			blockedHostsNode.Append(host)
+			blockedHostsNode.Appendf(host)
 		}
 	}

 	if len(b.AddBlockedIPs) > 0 {
-		blockedIPsNode := node.Append("Blocked IP addresses:")
+		blockedIPsNode := node.Appendf("Blocked IP addresses:")
 		for _, ip := range b.AddBlockedIPs {
-			blockedIPsNode.Append(ip.String())
+			blockedIPsNode.Appendf(ip.String())
 		}
 	}

 	if len(b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes) > 0 {
-		blockedIPPrefixesNode := node.Append("Blocked IP networks:")
+		blockedIPPrefixesNode := node.Appendf("Blocked IP networks:")
 		for _, ipNetwork := range b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes {
-			blockedIPPrefixesNode.Append(ipNetwork.String())
+			blockedIPPrefixesNode.Appendf(ipNetwork.String())
 		}
 	}

@@ -160,11 +156,12 @@ func (b *DNSBlacklist) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
 	return nil
 }

-var ErrPrivateAddressNotValid = errors.New("private address is not a valid IP or CIDR range")
+var (
+	ErrPrivateAddressNotValid = errors.New("private address is not a valid IP or CIDR range")
+)

 func readDoTPrivateAddresses(reader *reader.Reader) (ips []netip.Addr,
-	ipPrefixes []netip.Prefix, err error,
-) {
+	ipPrefixes []netip.Prefix, err error) {
 	privateAddresses := reader.CSV("DOT_PRIVATE_ADDRESS")
 	if len(privateAddresses) == 0 {
 		return nil, nil, nil
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/dot.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/dot.go
@@ -3,10 +3,8 @@ package settings
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/netip"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/provider"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
@@ -18,24 +16,22 @@ type DoT struct {
 	// and used. It defaults to true, and cannot be nil
 	// in the internal state.
 	Enabled *bool
-	// UpdatePeriod is the period to update DNS block lists.
+	// UpdatePeriod is the period to update DNS block
+	// lists and cryptographic files for DNSSEC validation.
 	// It can be set to 0 to disable the update.
 	// It defaults to 24h and cannot be nil in
 	// the internal state.
 	UpdatePeriod *time.Duration
-	// Providers is a list of DNS over TLS providers
-	Providers []string `json:"providers"`
-	// Caching is true if the DoT server should cache
-	// DNS responses.
-	Caching *bool `json:"caching"`
-	// IPv6 is true if the DoT server should connect over IPv6.
-	IPv6 *bool `json:"ipv6"`
+	// Unbound contains settings to configure Unbound.
+	Unbound Unbound
 	// Blacklist contains settings to configure the filter
 	// block lists.
 	Blacklist DNSBlacklist
 }

-var ErrDoTUpdatePeriodTooShort = errors.New("update period is too short")
+var (
+	ErrDoTUpdatePeriodTooShort = errors.New("update period is too short")
+)

 func (d DoT) validate() (err error) {
 	const minUpdatePeriod = 30 * time.Second
@@ -44,12 +40,9 @@ func (d DoT) validate() (err error) {
 			ErrDoTUpdatePeriodTooShort, *d.UpdatePeriod, minUpdatePeriod)
 	}

-	providers := provider.NewProviders()
-	for _, providerName := range d.Providers {
-		_, err := providers.Get(providerName)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	err = d.Unbound.validate()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}

 	err = d.Blacklist.validate()
@@ -64,9 +57,7 @@ func (d *DoT) copy() (copied DoT) {
 	return DoT{
 		Enabled:      gosettings.CopyPointer(d.Enabled),
 		UpdatePeriod: gosettings.CopyPointer(d.UpdatePeriod),
-		Providers:    gosettings.CopySlice(d.Providers),
-		Caching:      gosettings.CopyPointer(d.Caching),
-		IPv6:         gosettings.CopyPointer(d.IPv6),
+		Unbound:      d.Unbound.copy(),
 		Blacklist:    d.Blacklist.copy(),
 	}
 }
@@ -77,9 +68,7 @@ func (d *DoT) copy() (copied DoT) {
 func (d *DoT) overrideWith(other DoT) {
 	d.Enabled = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(d.Enabled, other.Enabled)
 	d.UpdatePeriod = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(d.UpdatePeriod, other.UpdatePeriod)
-	d.Providers = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(d.Providers, other.Providers)
-	d.Caching = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(d.Caching, other.Caching)
-	d.IPv6 = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(d.IPv6, other.IPv6)
+	d.Unbound.overrideWith(other.Unbound)
 	d.Blacklist.overrideWith(other.Blacklist)
 }

@@ -87,26 +76,10 @@ func (d *DoT) setDefaults() {
 	d.Enabled = gosettings.DefaultPointer(d.Enabled, true)
 	const defaultUpdatePeriod = 24 * time.Hour
 	d.UpdatePeriod = gosettings.DefaultPointer(d.UpdatePeriod, defaultUpdatePeriod)
-	d.Providers = gosettings.DefaultSlice(d.Providers, []string{
-		provider.Cloudflare().Name,
-	})
-	d.Caching = gosettings.DefaultPointer(d.Caching, true)
-	d.IPv6 = gosettings.DefaultPointer(d.IPv6, false)
+	d.Unbound.setDefaults()
 	d.Blacklist.setDefaults()
 }

-func (d DoT) GetFirstPlaintextIPv4() (ipv4 netip.Addr) {
-	providers := provider.NewProviders()
-	provider, err := providers.Get(d.Providers[0])
-	if err != nil {
-		// Settings should be validated before calling this function,
-		// so an error happening here is a programming error.
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	return provider.DoT.IPv4[0].Addr()
-}
-
 func (d DoT) String() string {
 	return d.toLinesNode().String()
 }
@@ -125,14 +98,7 @@ func (d DoT) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
 	}
 	node.Appendf("Update period: %s", update)

-	upstreamResolvers := node.Append("Upstream resolvers:")
-	for _, provider := range d.Providers {
-		upstreamResolvers.Append(provider)
-	}
-
-	node.Appendf("Caching: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(d.Caching))
-	node.Appendf("IPv6: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(d.IPv6))
-
+	node.AppendNode(d.Unbound.toLinesNode())
 	node.AppendNode(d.Blacklist.toLinesNode())

 	return node
@@ -149,14 +115,7 @@ func (d *DoT) read(reader *reader.Reader) (err error) {
 		return err
 	}

-	d.Providers = reader.CSV("DOT_PROVIDERS")
-
-	d.Caching, err = reader.BoolPtr("DOT_CACHING")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	d.IPv6, err = reader.BoolPtr("DOT_IPV6")
+	err = d.Unbound.read(reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/errors.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/errors.go
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ var (
 	ErrPortForwardingEnabled           = errors.New("port forwarding cannot be enabled")
 	ErrPortForwardingUserEmpty         = errors.New("port forwarding username is empty")
 	ErrPortForwardingPasswordEmpty     = errors.New("port forwarding password is empty")
+	ErrPublicIPPeriodTooShort          = errors.New("public IP address check period is too short")
 	ErrRegionNotValid                  = errors.New("the region specified is not valid")
 	ErrServerAddressNotValid           = errors.New("server listening address is not valid")
 	ErrSystemPGIDNotValid              = errors.New("process group id is not valid")
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/firewall.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/firewall.go
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ func (f Firewall) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
 	if len(f.OutboundSubnets) > 0 {
 		outboundSubnets := node.Appendf("Outbound subnets:")
 		for _, subnet := range f.OutboundSubnets {
+			subnet := subnet
 			outboundSubnets.Appendf("%s", &subnet)
 		}
 	}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/firewall_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/firewall_test.go
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ func Test_Firewall_validate(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()

--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers_test.go
@@ -1,30 +1,4 @@
 package settings

-import gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-
-type sourceKeyValue struct {
-	key   string
-	value string
-}
-
-func newMockSource(ctrl *gomock.Controller, keyValues []sourceKeyValue) *MockSource {
-	source := NewMockSource(ctrl)
-	var previousCall *gomock.Call
-	for _, keyValue := range keyValues {
-		transformedKey := keyValue.key
-		keyTransformCall := source.EXPECT().KeyTransform(keyValue.key).Return(transformedKey)
-		if previousCall != nil {
-			keyTransformCall.After(previousCall)
-		}
-		isSet := keyValue.value != ""
-		previousCall = source.EXPECT().Get(transformedKey).
-			Return(keyValue.value, isSet).After(keyTransformCall)
-		if isSet {
-			previousCall = source.EXPECT().KeyTransform(keyValue.key).
-				Return(transformedKey).After(previousCall)
-			previousCall = source.EXPECT().String().
-				Return("mock source").After(previousCall)
-		}
-	}
-	return source
-}
+func boolPtr(b bool) *bool    { return &b }
+func uint8Ptr(n uint8) *uint8 { return &n }
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/interfaces.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/interfaces.go
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-type Warner interface {
-	Warn(message string)
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/mocks_generate_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/mocks_generate_test.go
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-//go:generate mockgen -destination=mocks_test.go -package=$GOPACKAGE . Warner
-//go:generate mockgen -destination=mocks_reader_test.go -package=$GOPACKAGE github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader Source
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/mocks_reader_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/mocks_reader_test.go
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
-// Source: github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader (interfaces: Source)
-
-// Package settings is a generated GoMock package.
-package settings
-
-import (
-	reflect "reflect"
-
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-)
-
-// MockSource is a mock of Source interface.
-type MockSource struct {
-	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
-	recorder *MockSourceMockRecorder
-}
-
-// MockSourceMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockSource.
-type MockSourceMockRecorder struct {
-	mock *MockSource
-}
-
-// NewMockSource creates a new mock instance.
-func NewMockSource(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockSource {
-	mock := &MockSource{ctrl: ctrl}
-	mock.recorder = &MockSourceMockRecorder{mock}
-	return mock
-}
-
-// EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use.
-func (m *MockSource) EXPECT() *MockSourceMockRecorder {
-	return m.recorder
-}
-
-// Get mocks base method.
-func (m *MockSource) Get(arg0 string) (string, bool) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Get", arg0)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(string)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(bool)
-	return ret0, ret1
-}
-
-// Get indicates an expected call of Get.
-func (mr *MockSourceMockRecorder) Get(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Get", reflect.TypeOf((*MockSource)(nil).Get), arg0)
-}
-
-// KeyTransform mocks base method.
-func (m *MockSource) KeyTransform(arg0 string) string {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "KeyTransform", arg0)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(string)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// KeyTransform indicates an expected call of KeyTransform.
-func (mr *MockSourceMockRecorder) KeyTransform(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "KeyTransform", reflect.TypeOf((*MockSource)(nil).KeyTransform), arg0)
-}
-
-// String mocks base method.
-func (m *MockSource) String() string {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "String")
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(string)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// String indicates an expected call of String.
-func (mr *MockSourceMockRecorder) String() *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "String", reflect.TypeOf((*MockSource)(nil).String))
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/mocks_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/mocks_test.go
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-// Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
-// Source: github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings (interfaces: Warner)
-
-// Package settings is a generated GoMock package.
-package settings
-
-import (
-	reflect "reflect"
-
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-)
-
-// MockWarner is a mock of Warner interface.
-type MockWarner struct {
-	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
-	recorder *MockWarnerMockRecorder
-}
-
-// MockWarnerMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockWarner.
-type MockWarnerMockRecorder struct {
-	mock *MockWarner
-}
-
-// NewMockWarner creates a new mock instance.
-func NewMockWarner(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockWarner {
-	mock := &MockWarner{ctrl: ctrl}
-	mock.recorder = &MockWarnerMockRecorder{mock}
-	return mock
-}
-
-// EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use.
-func (m *MockWarner) EXPECT() *MockWarnerMockRecorder {
-	return m.recorder
-}
-
-// Warn mocks base method.
-func (m *MockWarner) Warn(arg0 string) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	m.ctrl.Call(m, "Warn", arg0)
-}
-
-// Warn indicates an expected call of Warn.
-func (mr *MockWarnerMockRecorder) Warn(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Warn", reflect.TypeOf((*MockWarner)(nil).Warn), arg0)
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/netaddr.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/netaddr.go
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package settings
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+
+	"inet.af/netaddr"
+)
+
+func netipAddressToNetaddrIP(address netip.Addr) (ip netaddr.IP) {
+	if address.Is4() {
+		return netaddr.IPFrom4(address.As4())
+	}
+	return netaddr.IPFrom16(address.As16())
+}
+
+func netipAddressesToNetaddrIPs(addresses []netip.Addr) (ips []netaddr.IP) {
+	ips = make([]netaddr.IP, len(addresses))
+	for i := range addresses {
+		ips[i] = netipAddressToNetaddrIP(addresses[i])
+	}
+	return ips
+}
+
+func netipPrefixToNetaddrIPPrefix(prefix netip.Prefix) (ipPrefix netaddr.IPPrefix) {
+	netaddrIP := netipAddressToNetaddrIP(prefix.Addr())
+	bits := prefix.Bits()
+	return netaddr.IPPrefixFrom(netaddrIP, uint8(bits))
+}
+
+func netipPrefixesToNetaddrIPPrefixes(prefixes []netip.Prefix) (ipPrefixes []netaddr.IPPrefix) {
+	ipPrefixes = make([]netaddr.IPPrefix, len(prefixes))
+	for i := range ipPrefixes {
+		ipPrefixes[i] = netipPrefixToNetaddrIPPrefix(prefixes[i])
+	}
+	return ipPrefixes
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/nordvpn_retro.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/nordvpn_retro.go
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@ package settings
 // and SERVER_REGIONS is now the continent field for servers.
 // TODO v4 remove.
 func nordvpnRetroRegion(selection ServerSelection, validRegions, validCountries []string) (
-	updatedSelection ServerSelection,
-) {
+	updatedSelection ServerSelection) {
 	validRegionsMap := stringSliceToMap(validRegions)
 	validCountriesMap := stringSliceToMap(validCountries)

--- a/internal/configuration/settings/openvpn.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/openvpn.go
@@ -155,8 +155,7 @@ func (o OpenVPN) validate(vpnProvider string) (err error) {
 }

 func validateOpenVPNConfigFilepath(isCustom bool,
-	confFile string,
-) (err error) {
+	confFile string) (err error) {
 	if !isCustom {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -180,8 +179,7 @@ func validateOpenVPNConfigFilepath(isCustom bool,
 }

 func validateOpenVPNClientCertificate(vpnProvider,
-	clientCert string,
-) (err error) {
+	clientCert string) (err error) {
 	switch vpnProvider {
 	case
 		providers.Airvpn,
@@ -228,8 +226,7 @@ func validateOpenVPNClientKey(vpnProvider, clientKey string) (err error) {
 }

 func validateOpenVPNEncryptedKey(vpnProvider,
-	encryptedPrivateKey string,
-) (err error) {
+	encryptedPrivateKey string) (err error) {
 	if vpnProvider == providers.VPNSecure && encryptedPrivateKey == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrMissingValue)
 	}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/openvpn_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/openvpn_test.go
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ func Test_ivpnAccountID(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
 		t.Run(testCase.s, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()

--- a/internal/configuration/settings/openvpnselection.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/openvpnselection.go
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ func (o OpenVPNSelection) validate(vpnProvider string) (err error) {

 	// Validate TCP
 	if o.Protocol == constants.TCP && helpers.IsOneOf(vpnProvider,
-		providers.Giganews,
 		providers.Ipvanish,
 		providers.Perfectprivacy,
 		providers.Privado,
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ func (o OpenVPNSelection) validate(vpnProvider string) (err error) {
 			providers.Privatevpn, providers.Torguard:
 		// no custom port allowed
 		case providers.Expressvpn, providers.Fastestvpn,
-			providers.Giganews, providers.Ipvanish, providers.Nordvpn,
+			providers.Ipvanish, providers.Nordvpn,
 			providers.Privado, providers.Purevpn,
 			providers.Surfshark, providers.VPNSecure,
 			providers.VPNUnlimited, providers.Vyprvpn:
@@ -193,6 +192,9 @@ func (o *OpenVPNSelection) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
 	o.ConfFile = r.Get("OPENVPN_CUSTOM_CONFIG", reader.ForceLowercase(false))

 	o.Protocol = r.String("OPENVPN_PROTOCOL", reader.RetroKeys("PROTOCOL"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}

 	o.CustomPort, err = r.Uint16Ptr("OPENVPN_ENDPOINT_PORT",
 		reader.RetroKeys("PORT", "OPENVPN_PORT", "VPN_ENDPOINT_PORT"))
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/portforward.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/portforward.go
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ func (p PortForwarding) Validate(vpnProvider string) (err error) {
 	validProviders := []string{
 		providers.Perfectprivacy,
 		providers.PrivateInternetAccess,
-		providers.Privatevpn,
 		providers.Protonvpn,
 	}
 	if err = validate.IsOneOf(providerSelected, validProviders...); err != nil {
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/portforward_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/portforward_test.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ func Test_PortForwarding_String(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()

 	settings := PortForwarding{
-		Enabled: ptrTo(false),
+		Enabled: boolPtr(false),
 	}

 	s := settings.String()
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/provider.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/provider.go
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ type Provider struct {
 }

 // TODO v4 remove pointer for receiver (because of Surfshark).
-func (p *Provider) validate(vpnType string, filterChoicesGetter FilterChoicesGetter, warner Warner) (err error) {
+func (p *Provider) validate(vpnType string, storage Storage) (err error) {
 	// Validate Name
 	var validNames []string
 	if vpnType == vpn.OpenVPN {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func (p *Provider) validate(vpnType string, filterChoicesGetter FilterChoicesGet
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w for Wireguard: %w", ErrVPNProviderNameNotValid, err)
 	}

-	err = p.ServerSelection.validate(p.Name, filterChoicesGetter, warner)
+	err = p.ServerSelection.validate(p.Name, storage)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("server selection: %w", err)
 	}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/publicip.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/publicip.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package settings
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/publicip/api"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
@@ -12,28 +13,24 @@ import (

 // PublicIP contains settings for port forwarding.
 type PublicIP struct {
-	// Enabled is set to true to fetch the public ip address
-	// information on VPN connection. It defaults to true.
-	Enabled *bool
+	// Period is the period to get the public IP address.
+	// It can be set to 0 to disable periodic checking.
+	// It cannot be nil for the internal state.
+	// TODO change to value and add enabled field
+	Period *time.Duration
 	// IPFilepath is the public IP address status file path
 	// to use. It can be the empty string to indicate not
 	// to write to a file. It cannot be nil for the
 	// internal state
 	IPFilepath *string
-	// APIs is the list of public ip APIs to use to fetch public IP information.
-	// If there is more than one API, the first one is used
-	// by default and the others are used as fallbacks in case of
-	// the service rate limiting us. It defaults to use all services,
-	// with the first one being ipinfo.io for historical reasons.
-	APIs []PublicIPAPI
-}
-
-type PublicIPAPI struct {
-	// Name is the name of the public ip API service.
-	// It can be "cloudflare", "ifconfigco", "ip2location" or "ipinfo".
-	Name string
-	// Token is the token to use for the public ip API service.
-	Token string
+	// API is the API name to use to fetch public IP information.
+	// It can be ipinfo or ip2location. It defaults to ipinfo.
+	API string
+	// APIToken is the token to use for the IP data service
+	// such as ipinfo.io. It can be the empty string to
+	// indicate not to use a token. It cannot be nil for the
+	// internal state.
+	APIToken *string
 }

 // UpdateWith deep copies the receiving settings, overrides the copy with
@@ -51,6 +48,12 @@ func (p PublicIP) UpdateWith(partialUpdate PublicIP) (updatedSettings PublicIP,
 }

 func (p PublicIP) validate() (err error) {
+	const minPeriod = 5 * time.Second
+	if *p.Period < minPeriod {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s must be at least %s",
+			ErrPublicIPPeriodTooShort, p.Period, minPeriod)
+	}
+
 	if *p.IPFilepath != "" { // optional
 		_, err := filepath.Abs(*p.IPFilepath)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -58,11 +61,9 @@ func (p PublicIP) validate() (err error) {
 		}
 	}

-	for _, publicIPAPI := range p.APIs {
-		_, err = api.ParseProvider(publicIPAPI.Name)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("API name: %w", err)
-		}
+	_, err = api.ParseProvider(p.API)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("API name: %w", err)
 	}

 	return nil
@@ -70,27 +71,26 @@ func (p PublicIP) validate() (err error) {

 func (p *PublicIP) copy() (copied PublicIP) {
 	return PublicIP{
-		Enabled:    gosettings.CopyPointer(p.Enabled),
+		Period:     gosettings.CopyPointer(p.Period),
 		IPFilepath: gosettings.CopyPointer(p.IPFilepath),
-		APIs:       gosettings.CopySlice(p.APIs),
+		API:        p.API,
+		APIToken:   gosettings.CopyPointer(p.APIToken),
 	}
 }

 func (p *PublicIP) overrideWith(other PublicIP) {
-	p.Enabled = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(p.Enabled, other.Enabled)
+	p.Period = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(p.Period, other.Period)
 	p.IPFilepath = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(p.IPFilepath, other.IPFilepath)
-	p.APIs = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(p.APIs, other.APIs)
+	p.API = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(p.API, other.API)
+	p.APIToken = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(p.APIToken, other.APIToken)
 }

 func (p *PublicIP) setDefaults() {
-	p.Enabled = gosettings.DefaultPointer(p.Enabled, true)
+	const defaultPeriod = 12 * time.Hour
+	p.Period = gosettings.DefaultPointer(p.Period, defaultPeriod)
 	p.IPFilepath = gosettings.DefaultPointer(p.IPFilepath, "/tmp/gluetun/ip")
-	p.APIs = gosettings.DefaultSlice(p.APIs, []PublicIPAPI{
-		{Name: string(api.IPInfo)},
-		{Name: string(api.Cloudflare)},
-		{Name: string(api.IfConfigCo)},
-		{Name: string(api.IP2Location)},
-	})
+	p.API = gosettings.DefaultComparable(p.API, "ipinfo")
+	p.APIToken = gosettings.DefaultPointer(p.APIToken, "")
 }

 func (p PublicIP) String() string {
@@ -98,78 +98,41 @@ func (p PublicIP) String() string {
 }

 func (p PublicIP) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	if !*p.Enabled {
-		return gotree.New("Public IP settings: disabled")
+	node = gotree.New("Public IP settings:")
+
+	if *p.Period == 0 {
+		node.Appendf("Enabled: no")
+		return node
 	}

-	node = gotree.New("Public IP settings:")
+	updatePeriod := "disabled"
+	if *p.Period > 0 {
+		updatePeriod = "every " + p.Period.String()
+	}
+	node.Appendf("Fetching: %s", updatePeriod)

 	if *p.IPFilepath != "" {
 		node.Appendf("IP file path: %s", *p.IPFilepath)
 	}

-	baseAPIString := "Public IP data base API: " + p.APIs[0].Name
-	if p.APIs[0].Token != "" {
-		baseAPIString += " (token " + gosettings.ObfuscateKey(p.APIs[0].Token) + ")"
-	}
-	node.Append(baseAPIString)
-	if len(p.APIs) > 1 {
-		backupAPIsNode := node.Append("Public IP data backup APIs:")
-		for i := 1; i < len(p.APIs); i++ {
-			message := p.APIs[i].Name
-			if p.APIs[i].Token != "" {
-				message += " (token " + gosettings.ObfuscateKey(p.APIs[i].Token) + ")"
-			}
-			backupAPIsNode.Append(message)
-		}
+	node.Appendf("Public IP data API: %s", p.API)
+
+	if *p.APIToken != "" {
+		node.Appendf("API token: %s", gosettings.ObfuscateKey(*p.APIToken))
 	}

 	return node
 }

-func (p *PublicIP) read(r *reader.Reader, warner Warner) (err error) {
-	p.Enabled, err = readPublicIPEnabled(r, warner)
+func (p *PublicIP) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
+	p.Period, err = r.DurationPtr("PUBLICIP_PERIOD")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

 	p.IPFilepath = r.Get("PUBLICIP_FILE",
 		reader.ForceLowercase(false), reader.RetroKeys("IP_STATUS_FILE"))
-
-	apiNames := r.CSV("PUBLICIP_API")
-	if len(apiNames) > 0 {
-		apiTokens := r.CSV("PUBLICIP_API_TOKEN")
-		p.APIs = make([]PublicIPAPI, len(apiNames))
-		for i := range apiNames {
-			p.APIs[i].Name = apiNames[i]
-			var token string
-			if i < len(apiTokens) { // only set token if it exists
-				token = apiTokens[i]
-			}
-			p.APIs[i].Token = token
-		}
-	}
-
+	p.API = r.String("PUBLICIP_API")
+	p.APIToken = r.Get("PUBLICIP_API_TOKEN")
 	return nil
 }
-
-func readPublicIPEnabled(r *reader.Reader, warner Warner) (
-	enabled *bool, err error,
-) {
-	periodPtr, err := r.DurationPtr("PUBLICIP_PERIOD") // Retro-compatibility
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	} else if periodPtr == nil {
-		return r.BoolPtr("PUBLICIP_ENABLED")
-	}
-
-	if *periodPtr == 0 {
-		warner.Warn("please replace PUBLICIP_PERIOD=0 with PUBLICIP_ENABLED=no")
-		return ptrTo(false), nil
-	}
-
-	warner.Warn("PUBLICIP_PERIOD is no longer used. " +
-		"It is assumed from its non-zero value you want PUBLICIP_ENABLED=yes. " +
-		"Please migrate to use PUBLICIP_ENABLED only in the future.")
-	return ptrTo(true), nil
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/publicip_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/publicip_test.go
@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func Test_PublicIP_read(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCases := map[string]struct {
-		makeReader func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *reader.Reader
-		makeWarner func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) Warner
-		settings   PublicIP
-		errWrapped error
-		errMessage string
-	}{
-		"nothing_read": {
-			makeReader: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *reader.Reader {
-				source := newMockSource(ctrl, []sourceKeyValue{
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_PERIOD"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_ENABLED"},
-					{key: "IP_STATUS_FILE"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_FILE"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_API"},
-				})
-				return reader.New(reader.Settings{
-					Sources: []reader.Source{source},
-				})
-			},
-		},
-		"single_api_no_token": {
-			makeReader: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *reader.Reader {
-				source := newMockSource(ctrl, []sourceKeyValue{
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_PERIOD"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_ENABLED"},
-					{key: "IP_STATUS_FILE"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_FILE"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_API", value: "ipinfo"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_API_TOKEN"},
-				})
-				return reader.New(reader.Settings{
-					Sources: []reader.Source{source},
-				})
-			},
-			settings: PublicIP{
-				APIs: []PublicIPAPI{
-					{Name: "ipinfo"},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		"single_api_with_token": {
-			makeReader: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *reader.Reader {
-				source := newMockSource(ctrl, []sourceKeyValue{
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_PERIOD"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_ENABLED"},
-					{key: "IP_STATUS_FILE"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_FILE"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_API", value: "ipinfo"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_API_TOKEN", value: "xyz"},
-				})
-				return reader.New(reader.Settings{
-					Sources: []reader.Source{source},
-				})
-			},
-			settings: PublicIP{
-				APIs: []PublicIPAPI{
-					{Name: "ipinfo", Token: "xyz"},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		"multiple_apis_no_token": {
-			makeReader: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *reader.Reader {
-				source := newMockSource(ctrl, []sourceKeyValue{
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_PERIOD"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_ENABLED"},
-					{key: "IP_STATUS_FILE"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_FILE"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_API", value: "ipinfo,ip2location"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_API_TOKEN"},
-				})
-				return reader.New(reader.Settings{
-					Sources: []reader.Source{source},
-				})
-			},
-			settings: PublicIP{
-				APIs: []PublicIPAPI{
-					{Name: "ipinfo"},
-					{Name: "ip2location"},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		"multiple_apis_with_token": {
-			makeReader: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *reader.Reader {
-				source := newMockSource(ctrl, []sourceKeyValue{
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_PERIOD"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_ENABLED"},
-					{key: "IP_STATUS_FILE"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_FILE"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_API", value: "ipinfo,ip2location"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_API_TOKEN", value: "xyz,abc"},
-				})
-				return reader.New(reader.Settings{
-					Sources: []reader.Source{source},
-				})
-			},
-			settings: PublicIP{
-				APIs: []PublicIPAPI{
-					{Name: "ipinfo", Token: "xyz"},
-					{Name: "ip2location", Token: "abc"},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		"multiple_apis_with_and_without_token": {
-			makeReader: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *reader.Reader {
-				source := newMockSource(ctrl, []sourceKeyValue{
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_PERIOD"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_ENABLED"},
-					{key: "IP_STATUS_FILE"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_FILE"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_API", value: "ipinfo,ip2location"},
-					{key: "PUBLICIP_API_TOKEN", value: "xyz"},
-				})
-				return reader.New(reader.Settings{
-					Sources: []reader.Source{source},
-				})
-			},
-			settings: PublicIP{
-				APIs: []PublicIPAPI{
-					{Name: "ipinfo", Token: "xyz"},
-					{Name: "ip2location"},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for name, testCase := range testCases {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-			ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
-
-			reader := testCase.makeReader(ctrl)
-			var warner Warner
-			if testCase.makeWarner != nil {
-				warner = testCase.makeWarner(ctrl)
-			}
-
-			var settings PublicIP
-			err := settings.read(reader, warner)
-
-			assert.Equal(t, testCase.settings, settings)
-			assert.ErrorIs(t, err, testCase.errWrapped)
-			if testCase.errWrapped != nil {
-				assert.EqualError(t, err, testCase.errMessage)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/serverselection.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/serverselection.go
@@ -91,15 +91,14 @@ var (
 )

 func (ss *ServerSelection) validate(vpnServiceProvider string,
-	filterChoicesGetter FilterChoicesGetter, warner Warner,
-) (err error) {
+	storage Storage) (err error) {
 	switch ss.VPN {
 	case vpn.OpenVPN, vpn.Wireguard:
 	default:
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrVPNTypeNotValid, ss.VPN)
 	}

-	filterChoices, err := getLocationFilterChoices(vpnServiceProvider, ss, filterChoicesGetter, warner)
+	filterChoices, err := getLocationFilterChoices(vpnServiceProvider, ss, storage)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err // already wrapped error
 	}
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ func (ss *ServerSelection) validate(vpnServiceProvider string,
 		*ss = surfsharkRetroRegion(*ss)
 	}

-	err = validateServerFilters(*ss, filterChoices, vpnServiceProvider, warner)
+	err = validateServerFilters(*ss, filterChoices, vpnServiceProvider)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("for VPN service provider %s: %w", vpnServiceProvider, err)
 	}
@@ -143,20 +142,19 @@ func (ss *ServerSelection) validate(vpnServiceProvider string,
 }

 func getLocationFilterChoices(vpnServiceProvider string,
-	ss *ServerSelection, filterChoicesGetter FilterChoicesGetter, warner Warner) (
-	filterChoices models.FilterChoices, err error,
-) {
-	filterChoices = filterChoicesGetter.GetFilterChoices(vpnServiceProvider)
+	ss *ServerSelection, storage Storage) (filterChoices models.FilterChoices,
+	err error) {
+	filterChoices = storage.GetFilterChoices(vpnServiceProvider)

 	if vpnServiceProvider == providers.Surfshark {
 		// // Retro compatibility
 		// TODO v4 remove
 		newAndRetroRegions := append(filterChoices.Regions, validation.SurfsharkRetroLocChoices()...) //nolint:gocritic
-		err := atLeastOneIsOneOfCaseInsensitive(ss.Regions, newAndRetroRegions, warner)
+		err := validate.AreAllOneOfCaseInsensitive(ss.Regions, newAndRetroRegions)
 		if err != nil {
 			// Only return error comparing with newer regions, we don't want to confuse the user
 			// with the retro regions in the error message.
-			err = atLeastOneIsOneOfCaseInsensitive(ss.Regions, filterChoices.Regions, warner)
+			err = validate.AreAllOneOfCaseInsensitive(ss.Regions, filterChoices.Regions)
 			return models.FilterChoices{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrRegionNotValid, err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -167,29 +165,28 @@ func getLocationFilterChoices(vpnServiceProvider string,
 // validateServerFilters validates filters against the choices given as arguments.
 // Set an argument to nil to pass the check for a particular filter.
 func validateServerFilters(settings ServerSelection, filterChoices models.FilterChoices,
-	vpnServiceProvider string, warner Warner,
-) (err error) {
-	err = atLeastOneIsOneOfCaseInsensitive(settings.Countries, filterChoices.Countries, warner)
+	vpnServiceProvider string) (err error) {
+	err = validate.AreAllOneOfCaseInsensitive(settings.Countries, filterChoices.Countries)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrCountryNotValid, err)
 	}

-	err = atLeastOneIsOneOfCaseInsensitive(settings.Regions, filterChoices.Regions, warner)
+	err = validate.AreAllOneOfCaseInsensitive(settings.Regions, filterChoices.Regions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrRegionNotValid, err)
 	}

-	err = atLeastOneIsOneOfCaseInsensitive(settings.Cities, filterChoices.Cities, warner)
+	err = validate.AreAllOneOfCaseInsensitive(settings.Cities, filterChoices.Cities)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrCityNotValid, err)
 	}

-	err = atLeastOneIsOneOfCaseInsensitive(settings.ISPs, filterChoices.ISPs, warner)
+	err = validate.AreAllOneOfCaseInsensitive(settings.ISPs, filterChoices.ISPs)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrISPNotValid, err)
 	}

-	err = atLeastOneIsOneOfCaseInsensitive(settings.Hostnames, filterChoices.Hostnames, warner)
+	err = validate.AreAllOneOfCaseInsensitive(settings.Hostnames, filterChoices.Hostnames)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrHostnameNotValid, err)
 	}
@@ -208,12 +205,12 @@ func validateServerFilters(settings ServerSelection, filterChoices models.Filter
 				ErrNameNotValid, len(settings.Names))
 		}
 	}
-	err = atLeastOneIsOneOfCaseInsensitive(settings.Names, filterChoices.Names, warner)
+	err = validate.AreAllOneOfCaseInsensitive(settings.Names, filterChoices.Names)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrNameNotValid, err)
 	}

-	err = atLeastOneIsOneOfCaseInsensitive(settings.Categories, filterChoices.Categories, warner)
+	err = validate.AreAllOneOfCaseInsensitive(settings.Categories, filterChoices.Categories)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrCategoryNotValid, err)
 	}
@@ -221,43 +218,6 @@ func validateServerFilters(settings ServerSelection, filterChoices models.Filter
 	return nil
 }

-func atLeastOneIsOneOfCaseInsensitive(values, choices []string,
-	warner Warner,
-) (err error) {
-	if len(values) > 0 && len(choices) == 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w", validate.ErrNoChoice)
-	}
-
-	set := make(map[string]struct{}, len(choices))
-	for _, choice := range choices {
-		lowercaseChoice := strings.ToLower(choice)
-		set[lowercaseChoice] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	invalidValues := make([]string, 0, len(values))
-	for _, value := range values {
-		lowercaseValue := strings.ToLower(value)
-		_, ok := set[lowercaseValue]
-		if ok {
-			continue
-		}
-		invalidValues = append(invalidValues, value)
-	}
-
-	switch len(invalidValues) {
-	case 0:
-		return nil
-	case len(values):
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: none of %s is one of the choices available %s",
-			validate.ErrValueNotOneOf, strings.Join(values, ", "), strings.Join(choices, ", "))
-	default:
-		warner.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("values %s are not in choices %s",
-			strings.Join(invalidValues, ", "), strings.Join(choices, ", ")))
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 func validateSubscriptionTierFilters(settings ServerSelection, vpnServiceProvider string) error {
 	switch {
 	case *settings.FreeOnly &&
@@ -460,8 +420,7 @@ func (ss ServerSelection) WithDefaults(provider string) ServerSelection {
 }

 func (ss *ServerSelection) read(r *reader.Reader,
-	vpnProvider, vpnType string,
-) (err error) {
+	vpnProvider, vpnType string) (err error) {
 	ss.VPN = vpnType

 	ss.TargetIP, err = r.NetipAddr("OPENVPN_ENDPOINT_IP",
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/settings.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/settings.go
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ type Settings struct {
 	Log           Log
 	PublicIP      PublicIP
 	Shadowsocks   Shadowsocks
-	Storage       Storage
 	System        System
 	Updater       Updater
 	Version       Version
@@ -30,16 +29,14 @@ type Settings struct {
 	Pprof         pprof.Settings
 }

-type FilterChoicesGetter interface {
+type Storage interface {
 	GetFilterChoices(provider string) models.FilterChoices
 }

 // Validate validates all the settings and returns an error
 // if one of them is not valid.
 // TODO v4 remove pointer for receiver (because of Surfshark).
-func (s *Settings) Validate(filterChoicesGetter FilterChoicesGetter, ipv6Supported bool,
-	warner Warner,
-) (err error) {
+func (s *Settings) Validate(storage Storage, ipv6Supported bool) (err error) {
 	nameToValidation := map[string]func() error{
 		"control server":  s.ControlServer.validate,
 		"dns":             s.DNS.validate,
@@ -49,13 +46,12 @@ func (s *Settings) Validate(filterChoicesGetter FilterChoicesGetter, ipv6Support
 		"log":             s.Log.validate,
 		"public ip check": s.PublicIP.validate,
 		"shadowsocks":     s.Shadowsocks.validate,
-		"storage":         s.Storage.validate,
 		"system":          s.System.validate,
 		"updater":         s.Updater.Validate,
 		"version":         s.Version.validate,
 		// Pprof validation done in pprof constructor
 		"VPN": func() error {
-			return s.VPN.Validate(filterChoicesGetter, ipv6Supported, warner)
+			return s.VPN.Validate(storage, ipv6Supported)
 		},
 	}

@@ -79,7 +75,6 @@ func (s *Settings) copy() (copied Settings) {
 		Log:           s.Log.copy(),
 		PublicIP:      s.PublicIP.copy(),
 		Shadowsocks:   s.Shadowsocks.copy(),
-		Storage:       s.Storage.copy(),
 		System:        s.System.copy(),
 		Updater:       s.Updater.copy(),
 		Version:       s.Version.copy(),
@@ -89,8 +84,7 @@ func (s *Settings) copy() (copied Settings) {
 }

 func (s *Settings) OverrideWith(other Settings,
-	filterChoicesGetter FilterChoicesGetter, ipv6Supported bool, warner Warner,
-) (err error) {
+	storage Storage, ipv6Supported bool) (err error) {
 	patchedSettings := s.copy()
 	patchedSettings.ControlServer.overrideWith(other.ControlServer)
 	patchedSettings.DNS.overrideWith(other.DNS)
@@ -100,13 +94,12 @@ func (s *Settings) OverrideWith(other Settings,
 	patchedSettings.Log.overrideWith(other.Log)
 	patchedSettings.PublicIP.overrideWith(other.PublicIP)
 	patchedSettings.Shadowsocks.overrideWith(other.Shadowsocks)
-	patchedSettings.Storage.overrideWith(other.Storage)
 	patchedSettings.System.overrideWith(other.System)
 	patchedSettings.Updater.overrideWith(other.Updater)
 	patchedSettings.Version.overrideWith(other.Version)
 	patchedSettings.VPN.OverrideWith(other.VPN)
 	patchedSettings.Pprof.OverrideWith(other.Pprof)
-	err = patchedSettings.Validate(filterChoicesGetter, ipv6Supported, warner)
+	err = patchedSettings.Validate(storage, ipv6Supported)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -123,7 +116,6 @@ func (s *Settings) SetDefaults() {
 	s.Log.setDefaults()
 	s.PublicIP.setDefaults()
 	s.Shadowsocks.setDefaults()
-	s.Storage.setDefaults()
 	s.System.setDefaults()
 	s.Version.setDefaults()
 	s.VPN.setDefaults()
@@ -146,7 +138,6 @@ func (s Settings) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
 	node.AppendNode(s.Shadowsocks.toLinesNode())
 	node.AppendNode(s.HTTPProxy.toLinesNode())
 	node.AppendNode(s.ControlServer.toLinesNode())
-	node.AppendNode(s.Storage.toLinesNode())
 	node.AppendNode(s.System.toLinesNode())
 	node.AppendNode(s.PublicIP.toLinesNode())
 	node.AppendNode(s.Updater.toLinesNode())
@@ -186,12 +177,7 @@ func (s Settings) Warnings() (warnings []string) {
 	return warnings
 }

-func (s *Settings) Read(r *reader.Reader, warner Warner) (err error) {
-	warnings := readObsolete(r)
-	for _, warning := range warnings {
-		warner.Warn(warning)
-	}
-
+func (s *Settings) Read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
 	readFunctions := map[string]func(r *reader.Reader) error{
 		"control server": s.ControlServer.read,
 		"DNS":            s.DNS.read,
@@ -199,16 +185,13 @@ func (s *Settings) Read(r *reader.Reader, warner Warner) (err error) {
 		"health":         s.Health.Read,
 		"http proxy":     s.HTTPProxy.read,
 		"log":            s.Log.read,
-		"public ip": func(r *reader.Reader) error {
-			return s.PublicIP.read(r, warner)
-		},
-		"shadowsocks": s.Shadowsocks.read,
-		"storage":     s.Storage.read,
-		"system":      s.System.read,
-		"updater":     s.Updater.read,
-		"version":     s.Version.read,
-		"VPN":         s.VPN.read,
-		"profiling":   s.Pprof.Read,
+		"public ip":      s.PublicIP.read,
+		"shadowsocks":    s.Shadowsocks.read,
+		"system":         s.System.read,
+		"updater":        s.Updater.read,
+		"version":        s.Version.read,
+		"VPN":            s.VPN.read,
+		"profiling":      s.Pprof.Read,
 	}

 	for name, read := range readFunctions {
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/settings_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/settings_test.go
@@ -43,10 +43,18 @@ func Test_Settings_String(t *testing.T) {
 |   └── DNS over TLS settings:
 |       ├── Enabled: yes
 |       ├── Update period: every 24h0m0s
-|       ├── Upstream resolvers:
-|       |   └── Cloudflare
-|       ├── Caching: yes
-|       ├── IPv6: no
+|       ├── Unbound settings:
+|       |   ├── Authoritative servers:
+|       |   |   └── Cloudflare
+|       |   ├── Caching: yes
+|       |   ├── IPv6: no
+|       |   ├── Verbosity level: 1
+|       |   ├── Verbosity details level: 0
+|       |   ├── Validation log level: 0
+|       |   ├── System user: root
+|       |   └── Allowed networks:
+|       |       ├── 0.0.0.0/0
+|       |       └── ::/0
 |       └── DNS filtering settings:
 |           ├── Block malicious: yes
 |           ├── Block ads: no
@@ -72,24 +80,20 @@ func Test_Settings_String(t *testing.T) {
 |   ├── Listening address: :8000
 |   ├── Logging: yes
 |   └── Authentication file path: /gluetun/auth/config.toml
-├── Storage settings:
-|   └── Filepath: /gluetun/servers.json
 ├── OS Alpine settings:
 |   ├── Process UID: 1000
 |   └── Process GID: 1000
 ├── Public IP settings:
+|   ├── Fetching: every 12h0m0s
 |   ├── IP file path: /tmp/gluetun/ip
-|   ├── Public IP data base API: ipinfo
-|   └── Public IP data backup APIs:
-|       ├── cloudflare
-|       ├── ifconfigco
-|       └── ip2location
+|   └── Public IP data API: ipinfo
 └── Version settings:
    └── Enabled: yes`,
 		},
 	}

 	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()

--- a/internal/configuration/settings/storage.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/storage.go
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"path/filepath"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// Storage contains settings to configure the storage.
-type Storage struct {
-	// Filepath is the path to the servers.json file. An empty string disables on-disk storage.
-	Filepath *string
-}
-
-func (s Storage) validate() (err error) {
-	if *s.Filepath != "" { // optional
-		_, err := filepath.Abs(*s.Filepath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("filepath is not valid: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *Storage) copy() (copied Storage) {
-	return Storage{
-		Filepath: gosettings.CopyPointer(s.Filepath),
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *Storage) overrideWith(other Storage) {
-	s.Filepath = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(s.Filepath, other.Filepath)
-}
-
-func (s *Storage) setDefaults() {
-	const defaultFilepath = "/gluetun/servers.json"
-	s.Filepath = gosettings.DefaultPointer(s.Filepath, defaultFilepath)
-}
-
-func (s Storage) String() string {
-	return s.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (s Storage) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	if *s.Filepath == "" {
-		return gotree.New("Storage settings: disabled")
-	}
-	node = gotree.New("Storage settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Filepath: %s", *s.Filepath)
-	return node
-}
-
-func (s *Storage) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
-	s.Filepath = r.Get("STORAGE_FILEPATH", reader.AcceptEmpty(true))
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/surfshark_retro.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/surfshark_retro.go
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ import (
 )

 func surfsharkRetroRegion(selection ServerSelection) (
-	updatedSelection ServerSelection,
-) {
+	updatedSelection ServerSelection) {
 	locationData := servers.LocationData()

 	retroToLocation := make(map[string]servers.ServerLocation, len(locationData))
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/unbound.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/unbound.go
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+package settings
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/provider"
+	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/unbound"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
+)
+
+// Unbound is settings for the Unbound program.
+type Unbound struct {
+	Providers             []string       `json:"providers"`
+	Caching               *bool          `json:"caching"`
+	IPv6                  *bool          `json:"ipv6"`
+	VerbosityLevel        *uint8         `json:"verbosity_level"`
+	VerbosityDetailsLevel *uint8         `json:"verbosity_details_level"`
+	ValidationLogLevel    *uint8         `json:"validation_log_level"`
+	Username              string         `json:"username"`
+	Allowed               []netip.Prefix `json:"allowed"`
+}
+
+func (u *Unbound) setDefaults() {
+	if len(u.Providers) == 0 {
+		u.Providers = []string{
+			provider.Cloudflare().String(),
+		}
+	}
+
+	u.Caching = gosettings.DefaultPointer(u.Caching, true)
+	u.IPv6 = gosettings.DefaultPointer(u.IPv6, false)
+
+	const defaultVerbosityLevel = 1
+	u.VerbosityLevel = gosettings.DefaultPointer(u.VerbosityLevel, defaultVerbosityLevel)
+
+	const defaultVerbosityDetailsLevel = 0
+	u.VerbosityDetailsLevel = gosettings.DefaultPointer(u.VerbosityDetailsLevel, defaultVerbosityDetailsLevel)
+
+	const defaultValidationLogLevel = 0
+	u.ValidationLogLevel = gosettings.DefaultPointer(u.ValidationLogLevel, defaultValidationLogLevel)
+
+	if u.Allowed == nil {
+		u.Allowed = []netip.Prefix{
+			netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{}), 0),
+			netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte{}), 0),
+		}
+	}
+
+	u.Username = gosettings.DefaultComparable(u.Username, "root")
+}
+
+var (
+	ErrUnboundVerbosityLevelNotValid        = errors.New("Unbound verbosity level is not valid")
+	ErrUnboundVerbosityDetailsLevelNotValid = errors.New("Unbound verbosity details level is not valid")
+	ErrUnboundValidationLogLevelNotValid    = errors.New("Unbound validation log level is not valid")
+)
+
+func (u Unbound) validate() (err error) {
+	for _, s := range u.Providers {
+		_, err := provider.Parse(s)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	const maxVerbosityLevel = 5
+	if *u.VerbosityLevel > maxVerbosityLevel {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d must be between 0 and %d",
+			ErrUnboundVerbosityLevelNotValid,
+			*u.VerbosityLevel,
+			maxVerbosityLevel)
+	}
+
+	const maxVerbosityDetailsLevel = 4
+	if *u.VerbosityDetailsLevel > maxVerbosityDetailsLevel {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d must be between 0 and %d",
+			ErrUnboundVerbosityDetailsLevelNotValid,
+			*u.VerbosityDetailsLevel,
+			maxVerbosityDetailsLevel)
+	}
+
+	const maxValidationLogLevel = 2
+	if *u.ValidationLogLevel > maxValidationLogLevel {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d must be between 0 and %d",
+			ErrUnboundValidationLogLevelNotValid,
+			*u.ValidationLogLevel, maxValidationLogLevel)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (u Unbound) copy() (copied Unbound) {
+	return Unbound{
+		Providers:             gosettings.CopySlice(u.Providers),
+		Caching:               gosettings.CopyPointer(u.Caching),
+		IPv6:                  gosettings.CopyPointer(u.IPv6),
+		VerbosityLevel:        gosettings.CopyPointer(u.VerbosityLevel),
+		VerbosityDetailsLevel: gosettings.CopyPointer(u.VerbosityDetailsLevel),
+		ValidationLogLevel:    gosettings.CopyPointer(u.ValidationLogLevel),
+		Username:              u.Username,
+		Allowed:               gosettings.CopySlice(u.Allowed),
+	}
+}
+
+func (u *Unbound) overrideWith(other Unbound) {
+	u.Providers = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(u.Providers, other.Providers)
+	u.Caching = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(u.Caching, other.Caching)
+	u.IPv6 = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(u.IPv6, other.IPv6)
+	u.VerbosityLevel = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(u.VerbosityLevel, other.VerbosityLevel)
+	u.VerbosityDetailsLevel = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(u.VerbosityDetailsLevel, other.VerbosityDetailsLevel)
+	u.ValidationLogLevel = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(u.ValidationLogLevel, other.ValidationLogLevel)
+	u.Username = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(u.Username, other.Username)
+	u.Allowed = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(u.Allowed, other.Allowed)
+}
+
+func (u Unbound) ToUnboundFormat() (settings unbound.Settings, err error) {
+	providers := make([]provider.Provider, len(u.Providers))
+	for i := range providers {
+		providers[i], err = provider.Parse(u.Providers[i])
+		if err != nil {
+			return settings, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	const port = 53
+
+	return unbound.Settings{
+		ListeningPort:         port,
+		IPv4:                  true,
+		Providers:             providers,
+		Caching:               *u.Caching,
+		IPv6:                  *u.IPv6,
+		VerbosityLevel:        *u.VerbosityLevel,
+		VerbosityDetailsLevel: *u.VerbosityDetailsLevel,
+		ValidationLogLevel:    *u.ValidationLogLevel,
+		AccessControl: unbound.AccessControlSettings{
+			Allowed: netipPrefixesToNetaddrIPPrefixes(u.Allowed),
+		},
+		Username: u.Username,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+var (
+	ErrConvertingNetip = errors.New("converting net.IP to netip.Addr failed")
+)
+
+func (u Unbound) GetFirstPlaintextIPv4() (ipv4 netip.Addr, err error) {
+	s := u.Providers[0]
+	provider, err := provider.Parse(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ipv4, err
+	}
+
+	ip := provider.DNS().IPv4[0]
+	ipv4, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(ip)
+	if !ok {
+		return ipv4, fmt.Errorf("%w: for ip %s (%#v)",
+			ErrConvertingNetip, ip, ip)
+	}
+	return ipv4.Unmap(), nil
+}
+
+func (u Unbound) String() string {
+	return u.toLinesNode().String()
+}
+
+func (u Unbound) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
+	node = gotree.New("Unbound settings:")
+
+	authServers := node.Appendf("Authoritative servers:")
+	for _, provider := range u.Providers {
+		authServers.Appendf(provider)
+	}
+
+	node.Appendf("Caching: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(u.Caching))
+	node.Appendf("IPv6: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(u.IPv6))
+	node.Appendf("Verbosity level: %d", *u.VerbosityLevel)
+	node.Appendf("Verbosity details level: %d", *u.VerbosityDetailsLevel)
+	node.Appendf("Validation log level: %d", *u.ValidationLogLevel)
+	node.Appendf("System user: %s", u.Username)
+
+	allowedNetworks := node.Appendf("Allowed networks:")
+	for _, network := range u.Allowed {
+		allowedNetworks.Appendf(network.String())
+	}
+
+	return node
+}
+
+func (u *Unbound) read(reader *reader.Reader) (err error) {
+	u.Providers = reader.CSV("DOT_PROVIDERS")
+
+	u.Caching, err = reader.BoolPtr("DOT_CACHING")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	u.IPv6, err = reader.BoolPtr("DOT_IPV6")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	u.VerbosityLevel, err = reader.Uint8Ptr("DOT_VERBOSITY")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	u.VerbosityDetailsLevel, err = reader.Uint8Ptr("DOT_VERBOSITY_DETAILS")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	u.ValidationLogLevel, err = reader.Uint8Ptr("DOT_VALIDATION_LOGLEVEL")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/unbound_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/unbound_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package settings
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func Test_Unbound_JSON(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	settings := Unbound{
+		Providers:             []string{"cloudflare"},
+		Caching:               boolPtr(true),
+		IPv6:                  boolPtr(false),
+		VerbosityLevel:        uint8Ptr(1),
+		VerbosityDetailsLevel: nil,
+		ValidationLogLevel:    uint8Ptr(0),
+		Username:              "user",
+		Allowed: []netip.Prefix{
+			netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{}), 0),
+			netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte{}), 0),
+		},
+	}
+
+	b, err := json.Marshal(settings)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	const expected = `{"providers":["cloudflare"],"caching":true,"ipv6":false,` +
+		`"verbosity_level":1,"verbosity_details_level":null,"validation_log_level":0,` +
+		`"username":"user","allowed":["0.0.0.0/0","::/0"]}`
+
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, string(b))
+
+	var resultSettings Unbound
+	err = json.Unmarshal(b, &resultSettings)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, settings, resultSettings)
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/vpn.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/vpn.go
@@ -21,14 +21,14 @@ type VPN struct {
 }

 // TODO v4 remove pointer for receiver (because of Surfshark).
-func (v *VPN) Validate(filterChoicesGetter FilterChoicesGetter, ipv6Supported bool, warner Warner) (err error) {
+func (v *VPN) Validate(storage Storage, ipv6Supported bool) (err error) {
 	// Validate Type
 	validVPNTypes := []string{vpn.OpenVPN, vpn.Wireguard}
 	if err = validate.IsOneOf(v.Type, validVPNTypes...); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrVPNTypeNotValid, err)
 	}

-	err = v.Provider.validate(v.Type, filterChoicesGetter, warner)
+	err = v.Provider.validate(v.Type, storage)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("provider settings: %w", err)
 	}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/wireguard.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/wireguard.go
@@ -39,12 +39,9 @@ type Wireguard struct {
 	PersistentKeepaliveInterval *time.Duration `json:"persistent_keep_alive_interval"`
 	// Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) of the Wireguard interface.
 	// It cannot be zero in the internal state, and defaults to
-	// 1320. Note it is not the wireguard-go MTU default of 1420
+	// 1400. Note it is not the wireguard-go MTU default of 1420
 	// because this impacts bandwidth a lot on some VPN providers,
 	// see https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues/1650.
-	// It has been lowered to 1320 following quite a bit of
-	// investigation in the issue:
-	// https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues/2533.
 	MTU uint16 `json:"mtu"`
 	// Implementation is the Wireguard implementation to use.
 	// It can be "auto", "userspace" or "kernelspace".
@@ -194,7 +191,7 @@ func (w *Wireguard) setDefaults(vpnProvider string) {
 	w.AllowedIPs = gosettings.DefaultSlice(w.AllowedIPs, defaultAllowedIPs)
 	w.PersistentKeepaliveInterval = gosettings.DefaultPointer(w.PersistentKeepaliveInterval, 0)
 	w.Interface = gosettings.DefaultComparable(w.Interface, "wg0")
-	const defaultMTU = 1320
+	const defaultMTU = 1400
 	w.MTU = gosettings.DefaultComparable(w.MTU, defaultMTU)
 	w.Implementation = gosettings.DefaultComparable(w.Implementation, "auto")
 }
@@ -218,12 +215,12 @@ func (w Wireguard) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {

 	addressesNode := node.Appendf("Interface addresses:")
 	for _, address := range w.Addresses {
-		addressesNode.Append(address.String())
+		addressesNode.Appendf(address.String())
 	}

 	allowedIPsNode := node.Appendf("Allowed IPs:")
 	for _, allowedIP := range w.AllowedIPs {
-		allowedIPsNode.Append(allowedIP.String())
+		allowedIPsNode.Appendf(allowedIP.String())
 	}

 	if *w.PersistentKeepaliveInterval > 0 {
--- a/internal/configuration/sources/files/wireguard.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/sources/files/wireguard.go
@@ -34,7 +34,9 @@ type WireguardConfig struct {
 	EndpointPort *string
 }

-var regexINISectionNotExist = regexp.MustCompile(`^section ".+" does not exist$`)
+var (
+	regexINISectionNotExist = regexp.MustCompile(`^section ".+" does not exist$`)
+)

 func ParseWireguardConf(path string) (config WireguardConfig, err error) {
 	iniFile, err := ini.InsensitiveLoad(path)
@@ -66,18 +68,18 @@ func ParseWireguardConf(path string) (config WireguardConfig, err error) {
 }

 func parseWireguardInterfaceSection(interfaceSection *ini.Section) (
-	privateKey, addresses *string,
-) {
+	privateKey, addresses *string) {
 	privateKey = getINIKeyFromSection(interfaceSection, "PrivateKey")
 	addresses = getINIKeyFromSection(interfaceSection, "Address")
 	return privateKey, addresses
 }

-var ErrEndpointHostNotIP = errors.New("endpoint host is not an IP")
+var (
+	ErrEndpointHostNotIP = errors.New("endpoint host is not an IP")
+)

 func parseWireguardPeerSection(peerSection *ini.Section) (
-	preSharedKey, publicKey, endpointIP, endpointPort *string,
-) {
+	preSharedKey, publicKey, endpointIP, endpointPort *string) {
 	preSharedKey = getINIKeyFromSection(peerSection, "PresharedKey")
 	publicKey = getINIKeyFromSection(peerSection, "PublicKey")
 	endpoint := getINIKeyFromSection(peerSection, "Endpoint")
@@ -94,7 +96,9 @@ func parseWireguardPeerSection(peerSection *ini.Section) (
 	return preSharedKey, publicKey, endpointIP, endpointPort
 }

-var regexINIKeyNotExist = regexp.MustCompile(`key ".*" not exists$`)
+var (
+	regexINIKeyNotExist = regexp.MustCompile(`key ".*" not exists$`)
+)

 func getINIKeyFromSection(section *ini.Section, key string) (value *string) {
 	iniKey, err := section.GetKey(key)
--- a/internal/configuration/sources/files/wireguard_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/sources/files/wireguard_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package files

 import (
-	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
@@ -73,12 +72,12 @@ PresharedKey = YJ680VN+dGrdsWNjSFqZ6vvwuiNhbq502ZL3G7Q3o3g=
 	}

 	for testName, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
 		t.Run(testName, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()

 			configFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "wg.conf")
-			const permission = fs.FileMode(0o600)
-			err := os.WriteFile(configFile, []byte(testCase.fileContent), permission)
+			err := os.WriteFile(configFile, []byte(testCase.fileContent), 0600)
 			require.NoError(t, err)

 			wireguard, err := ParseWireguardConf(configFile)
@@ -122,6 +121,7 @@ Address = 10.38.22.35/32
 	}

 	for testName, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
 		t.Run(testName, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()

@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ Endpoint = 1.2.3.4:51820`,
 	}

 	for testName, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
 		t.Run(testName, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()

--- a/internal/configuration/sources/secrets/reader_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/sources/secrets/reader_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package secrets

 import (
-	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
@@ -39,8 +38,7 @@ func Test_Source_Get(t *testing.T) {
 		"empty_secret_file": {
 			makeSource: func(tempDir string) (source *Source, err error) {
 				secretFilepath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "test_file")
-				const permission = fs.FileMode(0o600)
-				err = os.WriteFile(secretFilepath, nil, permission)
+				err = os.WriteFile(secretFilepath, nil, os.ModePerm)
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
@@ -55,8 +53,7 @@ func Test_Source_Get(t *testing.T) {
 		"default_secret_file": {
 			makeSource: func(tempDir string) (source *Source, err error) {
 				secretFilepath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "test_file")
-				const permission = fs.FileMode(0o600)
-				err = os.WriteFile(secretFilepath, []byte{'A'}, permission)
+				err = os.WriteFile(secretFilepath, []byte{'A'}, os.ModePerm)
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
@@ -72,8 +69,7 @@ func Test_Source_Get(t *testing.T) {
 		"env_specified_secret_file": {
 			makeSource: func(tempDir string) (source *Source, err error) {
 				secretFilepath := filepath.Join(tempDir, "test_file_custom")
-				const permission = fs.FileMode(0o600)
-				err = os.WriteFile(secretFilepath, []byte{'A'}, permission)
+				err = os.WriteFile(secretFilepath, []byte{'A'}, os.ModePerm)
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
@@ -91,6 +87,7 @@ func Test_Source_Get(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()

--- a/internal/constants/colors.go
+++ b/internal/constants/colors.go
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ package constants

 import "github.com/fatih/color"

+func ColorUnbound() *color.Color {
+	return color.New(color.FgCyan)
+}
+
 func ColorOpenvpn() *color.Color {
 	return color.New(color.FgHiMagenta)
 }
--- a/internal/constants/providers/providers.go
+++ b/internal/constants/providers/providers.go
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ const (
 	Example               = "example"
 	Expressvpn            = "expressvpn"
 	Fastestvpn            = "fastestvpn"
-	Giganews              = "giganews"
 	HideMyAss             = "hidemyass"
 	Ipvanish              = "ipvanish"
 	Ivpn                  = "ivpn"
@@ -38,7 +37,6 @@ func All() []string {
 		Cyberghost,
 		Expressvpn,
 		Fastestvpn,
-		Giganews,
 		HideMyAss,
 		Ipvanish,
 		Ivpn,
--- a/internal/dns/interfaces.go
+++ b/internal/dns/interfaces.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/unbound"
+)
+
+type Configurator interface {
+	SetupFiles(ctx context.Context) error
+	MakeUnboundConf(settings unbound.Settings) (err error)
+	Start(ctx context.Context, verbosityDetailsLevel uint8) (
+		stdoutLines, stderrLines chan string, waitError chan error, err error)
+	Version(ctx context.Context) (version string, err error)
+}
--- a/internal/dns/logs.go
+++ b/internal/dns/logs.go
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+)
+
+type logLevel uint8
+
+const (
+	levelDebug logLevel = iota
+	levelInfo
+	levelWarn
+	levelError
+)
+
+func (l *Loop) collectLines(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{},
+	stdout, stderr chan string) {
+	defer close(done)
+
+	var line string
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			// Context should only be canceled after stdout and stderr are done
+			// being written to.
+			close(stdout)
+			close(stderr)
+			return
+		case line = <-stderr:
+		case line = <-stdout:
+		}
+
+		line, level := processLogLine(line)
+		switch level {
+		case levelDebug:
+			l.logger.Debug(line)
+		case levelInfo:
+			l.logger.Info(line)
+		case levelWarn:
+			l.logger.Warn(line)
+		case levelError:
+			l.logger.Error(line)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+var unboundPrefix = regexp.MustCompile(`\[[0-9]{10}\] unbound\[[0-9]+:[0|1]\] `)
+
+func processLogLine(s string) (filtered string, level logLevel) {
+	prefix := unboundPrefix.FindString(s)
+	filtered = s[len(prefix):]
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(filtered, "notice: "):
+		filtered = strings.TrimPrefix(filtered, "notice: ")
+		level = levelInfo
+	case strings.HasPrefix(filtered, "info: "):
+		filtered = strings.TrimPrefix(filtered, "info: ")
+		level = levelInfo
+	case strings.HasPrefix(filtered, "warn: "):
+		filtered = strings.TrimPrefix(filtered, "warn: ")
+		level = levelWarn
+	case strings.HasPrefix(filtered, "error: "):
+		filtered = strings.TrimPrefix(filtered, "error: ")
+		level = levelError
+	default:
+		level = levelInfo
+	}
+	filtered = constants.ColorUnbound().Sprintf(filtered)
+	return filtered, level
+}
--- a/internal/dns/logs_test.go
+++ b/internal/dns/logs_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func Test_processLogLine(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	tests := map[string]struct {
+		s        string
+		filtered string
+		level    logLevel
+	}{
+		"empty string":  {"", "", levelInfo},
+		"random string": {"asdasqdb", "asdasqdb", levelInfo},
+		"unbound notice": {
+			"[1594595249] unbound[75:0] notice: init module 0: validator",
+			"init module 0: validator",
+			levelInfo},
+		"unbound info": {
+			"[1594595249] unbound[75:0] info: init module 0: validator",
+			"init module 0: validator",
+			levelInfo},
+		"unbound warn": {
+			"[1594595249] unbound[75:0] warn: init module 0: validator",
+			"init module 0: validator",
+			levelWarn},
+		"unbound error": {
+			"[1594595249] unbound[75:0] error: init module 0: validator",
+			"init module 0: validator",
+			levelError},
+		"unbound unknown": {
+			"[1594595249] unbound[75:0] BLA: init module 0: validator",
+			"BLA: init module 0: validator",
+			levelInfo},
+	}
+	for name, tc := range tests {
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			filtered, level := processLogLine(tc.s)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.filtered, filtered)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.level, level)
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/dns/loop.go
+++ b/internal/dns/loop.go
@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@ package dns

 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/middlewares/filter/mapfilter"
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/server"
+	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/blacklist"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/dns/state"
@@ -18,9 +16,9 @@ import (
 type Loop struct {
 	statusManager *loopstate.State
 	state         *state.State
-	server        *server.Server
-	filter        *mapfilter.Filter
+	conf          Configurator
 	resolvConf    string
+	blockBuilder  blacklist.Builder
 	client        *http.Client
 	logger        Logger
 	userTrigger   bool
@@ -36,9 +34,8 @@ type Loop struct {

 const defaultBackoffTime = 10 * time.Second

-func NewLoop(settings settings.DNS,
-	client *http.Client, logger Logger,
-) (loop *Loop, err error) {
+func NewLoop(conf Configurator, settings settings.DNS,
+	client *http.Client, logger Logger) *Loop {
 	start := make(chan struct{})
 	running := make(chan models.LoopStatus)
 	stop := make(chan struct{})
@@ -48,17 +45,12 @@ func NewLoop(settings settings.DNS,
 	statusManager := loopstate.New(constants.Stopped, start, running, stop, stopped)
 	state := state.New(statusManager, settings, updateTicker)

-	filter, err := mapfilter.New(mapfilter.Settings{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating map filter: %w", err)
-	}
-
 	return &Loop{
 		statusManager: statusManager,
 		state:         state,
-		server:        nil,
-		filter:        filter,
+		conf:          conf,
 		resolvConf:    "/etc/resolv.conf",
+		blockBuilder:  blacklist.NewBuilder(client),
 		client:        client,
 		logger:        logger,
 		userTrigger:   true,
@@ -70,7 +62,7 @@ func NewLoop(settings settings.DNS,
 		backoffTime:   defaultBackoffTime,
 		timeNow:       time.Now,
 		timeSince:     time.Since,
-	}, nil
+	}
 }

 func (l *Loop) logAndWait(ctx context.Context, err error) {
--- a/internal/dns/plaintext.go
+++ b/internal/dns/plaintext.go
@@ -2,22 +2,36 @@ package dns

 import (
 	"net/netip"
-	"time"

-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/nameserver"
+	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/nameserver"
 )

 func (l *Loop) useUnencryptedDNS(fallback bool) {
 	settings := l.GetSettings()

 	// Try with user provided plaintext ip address
-	// if it's not 127.0.0.1 (default for DoT), otherwise
-	// use the first DoT provider ipv4 address found.
-	var targetIP netip.Addr
-	if settings.ServerAddress.Compare(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1})) != 0 {
-		targetIP = settings.ServerAddress
-	} else {
-		targetIP = settings.DoT.GetFirstPlaintextIPv4()
+	// if it's not 127.0.0.1 (default for DoT)
+	targetIP := settings.ServerAddress
+	if targetIP.Compare(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1})) != 0 {
+		if fallback {
+			l.logger.Info("falling back on plaintext DNS at address " + targetIP.String())
+		} else {
+			l.logger.Info("using plaintext DNS at address " + targetIP.String())
+		}
+		nameserver.UseDNSInternally(targetIP.AsSlice())
+		const keepNameserver = false
+		err := nameserver.UseDNSSystemWide(l.resolvConf, targetIP.AsSlice(), keepNameserver)
+		if err != nil {
+			l.logger.Error(err.Error())
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Use first plaintext DNS IPv4 address
+	targetIP, err := settings.DoT.Unbound.GetFirstPlaintextIPv4()
+	if err != nil {
+		// Unbound should always have a default provider
+		panic(err)
 	}

 	if fallback {
@@ -25,19 +39,9 @@ func (l *Loop) useUnencryptedDNS(fallback bool) {
 	} else {
 		l.logger.Info("using plaintext DNS at address " + targetIP.String())
 	}
-
-	const dialTimeout = 3 * time.Second
-	settingsInternalDNS := nameserver.SettingsInternalDNS{
-		IP:      targetIP,
-		Timeout: dialTimeout,
-	}
-	nameserver.UseDNSInternally(settingsInternalDNS)
-
-	settingsSystemWide := nameserver.SettingsSystemDNS{
-		IP:         targetIP,
-		ResolvPath: l.resolvConf,
-	}
-	err := nameserver.UseDNSSystemWide(settingsSystemWide)
+	nameserver.UseDNSInternally(targetIP.AsSlice())
+	const keepNameserver = false
+	err = nameserver.UseDNSSystemWide(l.resolvConf, targetIP.AsSlice(), keepNameserver)
 	if err != nil {
 		l.logger.Error(err.Error())
 	}
--- a/internal/dns/run.go
+++ b/internal/dns/run.go
@@ -26,14 +26,16 @@ func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 	}

 	for ctx.Err() == nil {
-		// Upper scope variables for the DNS over TLS server only
+		// Upper scope variables for Unbound only
 		// Their values are to be used if DOT=off
-		var runError <-chan error
+		waitError := make(chan error)
+		unboundCancel := func() { waitError <- nil }
+		closeStreams := func() {}

 		settings := l.GetSettings()
 		for !*settings.KeepNameserver && *settings.DoT.Enabled {
 			var err error
-			runError, err = l.setupServer(ctx)
+			unboundCancel, waitError, closeStreams, err = l.setupUnbound(ctx)
 			if err == nil {
 				l.backoffTime = defaultBackoffTime
 				l.logger.Info("ready")
@@ -47,12 +49,11 @@ func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 				return
 			}

-			if !errors.Is(err, errUpdateBlockLists) {
+			if !errors.Is(err, errUpdateFiles) {
 				const fallback = true
 				l.useUnencryptedDNS(fallback)
 			}
 			l.logAndWait(ctx, err)
-			settings = l.GetSettings()
 		}

 		settings = l.GetSettings()
@@ -63,44 +64,40 @@ func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {

 		l.userTrigger = false

-		exitLoop := l.runWait(ctx, runError)
-		if exitLoop {
-			return
+		stayHere := true
+		for stayHere {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				unboundCancel()
+				<-waitError
+				close(waitError)
+				closeStreams()
+				return
+			case <-l.stop:
+				l.userTrigger = true
+				l.logger.Info("stopping")
+				const fallback = false
+				l.useUnencryptedDNS(fallback)
+				unboundCancel()
+				<-waitError
+				// do not close waitError or the waitError
+				// select case will trigger
+				closeStreams()
+				l.stopped <- struct{}{}
+			case <-l.start:
+				l.userTrigger = true
+				l.logger.Info("starting")
+				stayHere = false
+			case err := <-waitError: // unexpected error
+				closeStreams()
+
+				unboundCancel()
+				l.statusManager.SetStatus(constants.Crashed)
+				const fallback = true
+				l.useUnencryptedDNS(fallback)
+				l.logAndWait(ctx, err)
+				stayHere = false
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-func (l *Loop) runWait(ctx context.Context, runError <-chan error) (exitLoop bool) {
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			l.stopServer()
-			// TODO revert OS and Go nameserver when exiting
-			return true
-		case <-l.stop:
-			l.userTrigger = true
-			l.logger.Info("stopping")
-			const fallback = false
-			l.useUnencryptedDNS(fallback)
-			l.stopServer()
-			l.stopped <- struct{}{}
-		case <-l.start:
-			l.userTrigger = true
-			l.logger.Info("starting")
-			return false
-		case err := <-runError: // unexpected error
-			l.statusManager.SetStatus(constants.Crashed)
-			const fallback = true
-			l.useUnencryptedDNS(fallback)
-			l.logAndWait(ctx, err)
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (l *Loop) stopServer() {
-	stopErr := l.server.Stop()
-	if stopErr != nil {
-		l.logger.Error("stopping DoT server: " + stopErr.Error())
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/dns/settings.go
+++ b/internal/dns/settings.go
@@ -2,73 +2,13 @@ package dns

 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"

-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/dot"
-	cachemiddleware "github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/middlewares/cache"
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/middlewares/cache/lru"
-	filtermiddleware "github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/middlewares/filter"
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/middlewares/filter/mapfilter"
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/provider"
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/server"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings"
 )

 func (l *Loop) GetSettings() (settings settings.DNS) { return l.state.GetSettings() }

 func (l *Loop) SetSettings(ctx context.Context, settings settings.DNS) (
-	outcome string,
-) {
+	outcome string) {
 	return l.state.SetSettings(ctx, settings)
 }
-
-func buildDoTSettings(settings settings.DNS,
-	filter *mapfilter.Filter, logger Logger) (
-	serverSettings server.Settings, err error,
-) {
-	serverSettings.Logger = logger
-
-	var dotSettings dot.Settings
-	providersData := provider.NewProviders()
-	dotSettings.UpstreamResolvers = make([]provider.Provider, len(settings.DoT.Providers))
-	for i := range settings.DoT.Providers {
-		var err error
-		dotSettings.UpstreamResolvers[i], err = providersData.Get(settings.DoT.Providers[i])
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(err) // this should already had been checked
-		}
-	}
-	dotSettings.IPVersion = "ipv4"
-	if *settings.DoT.IPv6 {
-		dotSettings.IPVersion = "ipv6"
-	}
-
-	serverSettings.Dialer, err = dot.New(dotSettings)
-	if err != nil {
-		return server.Settings{}, fmt.Errorf("creating DNS over TLS dialer: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if *settings.DoT.Caching {
-		lruCache, err := lru.New(lru.Settings{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return server.Settings{}, fmt.Errorf("creating LRU cache: %w", err)
-		}
-		cacheMiddleware, err := cachemiddleware.New(cachemiddleware.Settings{
-			Cache: lruCache,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return server.Settings{}, fmt.Errorf("creating cache middleware: %w", err)
-		}
-		serverSettings.Middlewares = append(serverSettings.Middlewares, cacheMiddleware)
-	}
-
-	filterMiddleware, err := filtermiddleware.New(filtermiddleware.Settings{
-		Filter: filter,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return server.Settings{}, fmt.Errorf("creating filter middleware: %w", err)
-	}
-	serverSettings.Middlewares = append(serverSettings.Middlewares, filterMiddleware)
-
-	return serverSettings, nil
-}
--- a/internal/dns/setup.go
+++ b/internal/dns/setup.go
@@ -4,55 +4,59 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"

-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/check"
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/nameserver"
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/server"
+	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/check"
+	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/nameserver"
 )

-var errUpdateBlockLists = errors.New("cannot update filter block lists")
+var errUpdateFiles = errors.New("cannot update files")

-func (l *Loop) setupServer(ctx context.Context) (runError <-chan error, err error) {
+// Returning cancel == nil signals we want to re-run setupUnbound
+// Returning err == errUpdateFiles signals we should not fall back
+// on the plaintext DNS as DOT is still up and running.
+func (l *Loop) setupUnbound(ctx context.Context) (
+	cancel context.CancelFunc, waitError chan error, closeStreams func(), err error) {
 	err = l.updateFiles(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", errUpdateBlockLists, err)
+		return nil, nil, nil,
+			fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", errUpdateFiles, err)
 	}

 	settings := l.GetSettings()

-	dotSettings, err := buildDoTSettings(settings, l.filter, l.logger)
+	unboundCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	stdoutLines, stderrLines, waitError, err := l.conf.Start(unboundCtx,
+		*settings.DoT.Unbound.VerbosityDetailsLevel)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("building DoT settings: %w", err)
+		cancel()
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
 	}

-	server, err := server.New(dotSettings)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating DoT server: %w", err)
+	linesCollectionCtx, linesCollectionCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	lineCollectionDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go l.collectLines(linesCollectionCtx, lineCollectionDone,
+		stdoutLines, stderrLines)
+	closeStreams = func() {
+		linesCollectionCancel()
+		<-lineCollectionDone
 	}

-	runError, err = server.Start(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("starting server: %w", err)
-	}
-	l.server = server
-
-	// use internal DNS server
-	nameserver.UseDNSInternally(nameserver.SettingsInternalDNS{
-		IP: settings.ServerAddress,
-	})
-	err = nameserver.UseDNSSystemWide(nameserver.SettingsSystemDNS{
-		IP:         settings.ServerAddress,
-		ResolvPath: l.resolvConf,
-	})
+	// use Unbound
+	nameserver.UseDNSInternally(settings.ServerAddress.AsSlice())
+	err = nameserver.UseDNSSystemWide(l.resolvConf, settings.ServerAddress.AsSlice(),
+		*settings.KeepNameserver)
 	if err != nil {
 		l.logger.Error(err.Error())
 	}

-	err = check.WaitForDNS(ctx, check.Settings{})
-	if err != nil {
-		l.stopServer()
-		return nil, err
+	if err := check.WaitForDNS(ctx, net.DefaultResolver); err != nil {
+		cancel()
+		<-waitError
+		close(waitError)
+		closeStreams()
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
 	}

-	return runError, nil
+	return cancel, waitError, closeStreams, nil
 }
--- a/internal/dns/state/settings.go
+++ b/internal/dns/state/settings.go
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ func (s *State) GetSettings() (settings settings.DNS) {
 }

 func (s *State) SetSettings(ctx context.Context, settings settings.DNS) (
-	outcome string,
-) {
+	outcome string) {
 	s.settingsMu.Lock()

 	settingsUnchanged := reflect.DeepEqual(s.settings, settings)
--- a/internal/dns/state/state.go
+++ b/internal/dns/state/state.go
@@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ import (

 func New(statusApplier StatusApplier,
 	settings settings.DNS,
-	updateTicker chan<- struct{},
-) *State {
+	updateTicker chan<- struct{}) *State {
 	return &State{
 		statusApplier: statusApplier,
 		settings:      settings,
--- a/internal/dns/status.go
+++ b/internal/dns/status.go
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ func (l *Loop) GetStatus() (status models.LoopStatus) {
 }

 func (l *Loop) ApplyStatus(ctx context.Context, status models.LoopStatus) (
-	outcome string, err error,
-) {
+	outcome string, err error) {
 	return l.statusManager.ApplyStatus(ctx, status)
 }
--- a/internal/dns/ticker.go
+++ b/internal/dns/ticker.go
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func (l *Loop) RunRestartTicker(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 				if err := l.updateFiles(ctx); err != nil {
 					l.statusManager.SetStatus(constants.Crashed)
 					l.logger.Error(err.Error())
-					l.logger.Warn("skipping DNS server restart due to failed files update")
+					l.logger.Warn("skipping Unbound restart due to failed files update")
 					continue
 				}
 			}
--- a/internal/dns/update.go
+++ b/internal/dns/update.go
@@ -1,46 +1,35 @@
 package dns

-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/blockbuilder"
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/middlewares/filter/update"
-)
+import "context"

 func (l *Loop) updateFiles(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
+	l.logger.Info("downloading DNS over TLS cryptographic files")
+	if err := l.conf.SetupFiles(ctx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	settings := l.GetSettings()

-	l.logger.Info("downloading hostnames and IP block lists")
-	blacklistSettings := settings.DoT.Blacklist.ToBlockBuilderSettings(l.client)
-
-	blockBuilder, err := blockbuilder.New(blacklistSettings)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("creating block builder: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	result := blockBuilder.BuildAll(ctx)
-	for _, resultErr := range result.Errors {
-		if err != nil {
-			err = fmt.Errorf("%w, %w", err, resultErr)
-			continue
-		}
-		err = resultErr
-	}
-
+	unboundSettings, err := settings.DoT.Unbound.ToUnboundFormat()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

-	updateSettings := update.Settings{
-		IPs:        result.BlockedIPs,
-		IPPrefixes: result.BlockedIPPrefixes,
-	}
-	updateSettings.BlockHostnames(result.BlockedHostnames)
-	err = l.filter.Update(updateSettings)
+	l.logger.Info("downloading hostnames and IP block lists")
+	blacklistSettings, err := settings.DoT.Blacklist.ToBlacklistFormat()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("updating filter: %w", err)
+		return err
 	}

-	return nil
+	blockedHostnames, blockedIPs, blockedIPPrefixes, errs :=
+		l.blockBuilder.All(ctx, blacklistSettings)
+	for _, err := range errs {
+		l.logger.Warn(err.Error())
+	}
+
+	// TODO change to BlockHostnames() when migrating to qdm12/dns v2
+	unboundSettings.Blacklist.FqdnHostnames = blockedHostnames
+	unboundSettings.Blacklist.IPs = blockedIPs
+	unboundSettings.Blacklist.IPPrefixes = blockedIPPrefixes
+
+	return l.conf.MakeUnboundConf(unboundSettings)
 }
--- a/internal/firewall/delete.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/delete.go
@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ func isDeleteMatchInstruction(instruction string) bool {
 }

 func deleteIPTablesRule(ctx context.Context, iptablesBinary, instruction string,
-	runner CmdRunner, logger Logger,
-) (err error) {
+	runner Runner, logger Logger) (err error) {
 	targetRule, err := parseIptablesInstruction(instruction)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("parsing iptables command: %w", err)
@@ -69,13 +68,10 @@ func deleteIPTablesRule(ctx context.Context, iptablesBinary, instruction string,
 // findLineNumber finds the line number of an iptables rule.
 // It returns 0 if the rule is not found.
 func findLineNumber(ctx context.Context, iptablesBinary string,
-	instruction iptablesInstruction, runner CmdRunner, logger Logger) (
-	lineNumber uint16, err error,
-) {
-	listFlags := []string{
-		"-t", instruction.table, "-L", instruction.chain,
-		"--line-numbers", "-n", "-v",
-	}
+	instruction iptablesInstruction, runner Runner, logger Logger) (
+	lineNumber uint16, err error) {
+	listFlags := []string{"-t", instruction.table, "-L", instruction.chain,
+		"--line-numbers", "-n", "-v"}
 	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, iptablesBinary, listFlags...) // #nosec G204
 	logger.Debug(cmd.String())
 	output, err := runner.Run(cmd)
--- a/internal/firewall/delete_test.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/delete_test.go
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ func Test_isDeleteMatchInstruction(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()

@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ func Test_deleteIPTablesRule(t *testing.T) {

 	testCases := map[string]struct {
 		instruction string
-		makeRunner  func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockCmdRunner
+		makeRunner  func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockRunner
 		makeLogger  func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockLogger
 		errWrapped  error
 		errMessage  string
@@ -74,8 +75,8 @@ func Test_deleteIPTablesRule(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		"list_error": {
 			instruction: "-t nat --delete PREROUTING -i tun0 -p tcp --dport 43716 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 5678",
-			makeRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockCmdRunner {
-				runner := NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl)
+			makeRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockRunner {
+				runner := NewMockRunner(ctrl)
 				runner.EXPECT().
 					Run(newCmdMatcherListRules(iptablesBinary, "nat", "PREROUTING")).
 					Return("", errTest)
@@ -92,8 +93,8 @@ func Test_deleteIPTablesRule(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		"rule_not_found": {
 			instruction: "-t nat --delete PREROUTING -i tun0 -p tcp --dport 43716 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 5678",
-			makeRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockCmdRunner {
-				runner := NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl)
+			makeRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockRunner {
+				runner := NewMockRunner(ctrl)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newCmdMatcherListRules(iptablesBinary, "nat", "PREROUTING")).
 					Return(`Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 		num   pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination
@@ -111,8 +112,8 @@ func Test_deleteIPTablesRule(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		"rule_found_delete_error": {
 			instruction: "-t nat --delete PREROUTING -i tun0 -p tcp --dport 43716 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 5678",
-			makeRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockCmdRunner {
-				runner := NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl)
+			makeRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockRunner {
+				runner := NewMockRunner(ctrl)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newCmdMatcherListRules(iptablesBinary, "nat", "PREROUTING")).
 					Return("Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)\n"+
 						"num   pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         \n"+
@@ -136,8 +137,8 @@ func Test_deleteIPTablesRule(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		"rule_found_delete_success": {
 			instruction: "-t nat --delete PREROUTING -i tun0 -p tcp --dport 43716 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 5678",
-			makeRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockCmdRunner {
-				runner := NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl)
+			makeRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockRunner {
+				runner := NewMockRunner(ctrl)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newCmdMatcherListRules(iptablesBinary, "nat", "PREROUTING")).
 					Return("Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)\n"+
 						"num   pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination         \n"+
@@ -160,13 +161,14 @@ func Test_deleteIPTablesRule(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 			ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)

 			ctx := context.Background()
 			instruction := testCase.instruction
-			var runner *MockCmdRunner
+			var runner *MockRunner
 			if testCase.makeRunner != nil {
 				runner = testCase.makeRunner(ctrl)
 			}
--- a/internal/firewall/enable.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/enable.go
@@ -106,20 +106,12 @@ func (c *Config) enable(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 		return err
 	}

-	localInterfaces := make(map[string]struct{}, len(c.localNetworks))
 	for _, network := range c.localNetworks {
 		if err := c.acceptOutputFromIPToSubnet(ctx, network.InterfaceName, network.IP, network.IPNet, remove); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-
-		_, localInterfaceSeen := localInterfaces[network.InterfaceName]
-		if localInterfaceSeen {
-			continue
-		}
-		localInterfaces[network.InterfaceName] = struct{}{}
-		err = c.acceptIpv6MulticastOutput(ctx, network.InterfaceName, remove)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("accepting IPv6 multicast output: %w", err)
+		if err = c.acceptIpv6MulticastOutput(ctx, network.InterfaceName, remove); err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 	}

@@ -157,13 +149,7 @@ func (c *Config) allowVPNIP(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	}

 	const remove = false
-	interfacesSeen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(c.defaultRoutes))
 	for _, defaultRoute := range c.defaultRoutes {
-		_, seen := interfacesSeen[defaultRoute.NetInterface]
-		if seen {
-			continue
-		}
-		interfacesSeen[defaultRoute.NetInterface] = struct{}{}
 		err = c.acceptOutputTrafficToVPN(ctx, defaultRoute.NetInterface, c.vpnConnection, remove)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("accepting output traffic through VPN: %w", err)
--- a/internal/firewall/firewall.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/firewall.go
@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@ import (

 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/routing"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/command"
 )

 type Config struct { //nolint:maligned
-	runner         CmdRunner
+	runner         command.Runner
 	logger         Logger
 	iptablesMutex  sync.Mutex
 	ip6tablesMutex sync.Mutex
@@ -35,9 +36,8 @@ type Config struct { //nolint:maligned
 // NewConfig creates a new Config instance and returns an error
 // if no iptables implementation is available.
 func NewConfig(ctx context.Context, logger Logger,
-	runner CmdRunner, defaultRoutes []routing.DefaultRoute,
-	localNetworks []routing.LocalNetwork,
-) (config *Config, err error) {
+	runner command.Runner, defaultRoutes []routing.DefaultRoute,
+	localNetworks []routing.LocalNetwork) (config *Config, err error) {
 	iptables, err := checkIptablesSupport(ctx, runner, "iptables", "iptables-nft", "iptables-legacy")
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
--- a/internal/firewall/interfaces.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/interfaces.go
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 package firewall

-import "os/exec"
+import "github.com/qdm12/golibs/command"

-type CmdRunner interface {
-	Run(cmd *exec.Cmd) (output string, err error)
+type Runner interface {
+	Run(cmd command.ExecCmd) (output string, err error)
 }

 type Logger interface {
 	Debug(s string)
 	Info(s string)
-	Warn(s string)
 	Error(s string)
 }
--- a/internal/firewall/ip6tables.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/ip6tables.go
@@ -6,14 +6,15 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os/exec"
 	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/command"
 )

 // findIP6tablesSupported checks for multiple iptables implementations
 // and returns the iptables path that is supported. If none work, an
 // empty string path is returned.
-func findIP6tablesSupported(ctx context.Context, runner CmdRunner) (
-	ip6tablesPath string, err error,
-) {
+func findIP6tablesSupported(ctx context.Context, runner command.Runner) (
+	ip6tablesPath string, err error) {
 	ip6tablesPath, err = checkIptablesSupport(ctx, runner, "ip6tables", "ip6tables-nft", "ip6tables-legacy")
 	if errors.Is(err, ErrIPTablesNotSupported) {
 		return "", nil
--- a/internal/firewall/iptables.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/iptables.go
@@ -112,8 +112,7 @@ func (c *Config) acceptInputThroughInterface(ctx context.Context, intf string, r
 }

 func (c *Config) acceptInputToSubnet(ctx context.Context, intf string,
-	destination netip.Prefix, remove bool,
-) error {
+	destination netip.Prefix, remove bool) error {
 	interfaceFlag := "-i " + intf
 	if intf == "*" { // all interfaces
 		interfaceFlag = ""
@@ -145,8 +144,7 @@ func (c *Config) acceptEstablishedRelatedTraffic(ctx context.Context, remove boo
 }

 func (c *Config) acceptOutputTrafficToVPN(ctx context.Context,
-	defaultInterface string, connection models.Connection, remove bool,
-) error {
+	defaultInterface string, connection models.Connection, remove bool) error {
 	protocol := connection.Protocol
 	if protocol == "tcp-client" {
 		protocol = "tcp" //nolint:goconst
@@ -164,8 +162,7 @@ func (c *Config) acceptOutputTrafficToVPN(ctx context.Context,

 // Thanks to @npawelek.
 func (c *Config) acceptOutputFromIPToSubnet(ctx context.Context,
-	intf string, sourceIP netip.Addr, destinationSubnet netip.Prefix, remove bool,
-) error {
+	intf string, sourceIP netip.Addr, destinationSubnet netip.Prefix, remove bool) error {
 	doIPv4 := sourceIP.Is4() && destinationSubnet.Addr().Is4()

 	interfaceFlag := "-o " + intf
@@ -186,13 +183,12 @@ func (c *Config) acceptOutputFromIPToSubnet(ctx context.Context,

 // NDP uses multicast address (theres no broadcast in IPv6 like ARP uses in IPv4).
 func (c *Config) acceptIpv6MulticastOutput(ctx context.Context,
-	intf string, remove bool,
-) error {
+	intf string, remove bool) error {
 	interfaceFlag := "-o " + intf
 	if intf == "*" { // all interfaces
 		interfaceFlag = ""
 	}
-	instruction := fmt.Sprintf("%s OUTPUT %s -d ff02::1:ff00:0/104 -j ACCEPT",
+	instruction := fmt.Sprintf("%s OUTPUT %s -d ff02::1:ff/104 -j ACCEPT",
 		appendOrDelete(remove), interfaceFlag)
 	return c.runIP6tablesInstruction(ctx, instruction)
 }
@@ -211,8 +207,7 @@ func (c *Config) acceptInputToPort(ctx context.Context, intf string, port uint16

 // Used for VPN server side port forwarding, with intf set to the VPN tunnel interface.
 func (c *Config) redirectPort(ctx context.Context, intf string,
-	sourcePort, destinationPort uint16, remove bool,
-) (err error) {
+	sourcePort, destinationPort uint16, remove bool) (err error) {
 	interfaceFlag := "-i " + intf
 	if intf == "*" { // all interfaces
 		interfaceFlag = ""
@@ -244,13 +239,6 @@ func (c *Config) redirectPort(ctx context.Context, intf string,
 			appendOrDelete(remove), interfaceFlag, destinationPort),
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		errMessage := err.Error()
-		if strings.Contains(errMessage, "can't initialize ip6tables table `nat': Table does not exist") {
-			if !remove {
-				c.logger.Warn("IPv6 port redirection disabled because your kernel does not support IPv6 NAT: " + errMessage)
-			}
-			return nil
-		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("redirecting IPv6 source port %d to destination port %d on interface %s: %w",
 			sourcePort, destinationPort, intf, err)
 	}
--- a/internal/firewall/list.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/list.go
@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ type chainRule struct {
 	ctstate         []string     // for example ["RELATED","ESTABLISHED"]. Can be empty.
 }

-var ErrChainListMalformed = errors.New("iptables chain list output is malformed")
+var (
+	ErrChainListMalformed = errors.New("iptables chain list output is malformed")
+)

 func parseChain(iptablesOutput string) (c chain, err error) {
 	// Text example:
@@ -144,7 +146,9 @@ func parseChainGeneralDataLine(line string) (base chain, err error) {
 	return base, nil
 }

-var ErrChainRuleMalformed = errors.New("chain rule is malformed")
+var (
+	ErrChainRuleMalformed = errors.New("chain rule is malformed")
+)

 func parseChainRuleLine(line string) (rule chainRule, err error) {
 	line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
@@ -296,7 +300,9 @@ func parsePortsCSV(s string) (ports []uint16, err error) {
 	return ports, nil
 }

-var ErrLineNumberIsZero = errors.New("line number is zero")
+var (
+	ErrLineNumberIsZero = errors.New("line number is zero")
+)

 func parseLineNumber(s string) (n uint16, err error) {
 	const base, bitLength = 10, 16
@@ -309,7 +315,9 @@ func parseLineNumber(s string) (n uint16, err error) {
 	return uint16(lineNumber), nil
 }

-var ErrTargetUnknown = errors.New("unknown target")
+var (
+	ErrTargetUnknown = errors.New("unknown target")
+)

 func checkTarget(target string) (err error) {
 	switch target {
@@ -319,7 +327,9 @@ func checkTarget(target string) (err error) {
 	return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrTargetUnknown, target)
 }

-var ErrProtocolUnknown = errors.New("unknown protocol")
+var (
+	ErrProtocolUnknown = errors.New("unknown protocol")
+)

 func parseProtocol(s string) (protocol string, err error) {
 	switch s {
@@ -334,7 +344,9 @@ func parseProtocol(s string) (protocol string, err error) {
 	return protocol, nil
 }

-var ErrMetricSizeMalformed = errors.New("metric size is malformed")
+var (
+	ErrMetricSizeMalformed = errors.New("metric size is malformed")
+)

 // parseMetricSize parses a metric size string like 140K or 226M and
 // returns the raw integer matching it.
@@ -343,7 +355,7 @@ func parseMetricSize(size string) (n uint64, err error) {
 		return n, fmt.Errorf("%w: empty string", ErrMetricSizeMalformed)
 	}

-	//nolint:mnd
+	//nolint:gomnd
 	multiplerLetterToValue := map[byte]uint64{
 		'K': 1000,
 		'M': 1000000,
--- a/internal/firewall/list_test.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/list_test.go
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ num pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destinati
 	}

 	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()

--- a/internal/firewall/mocks_generate_test.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/mocks_generate_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 package firewall

-//go:generate mockgen -destination=mocks_test.go -package $GOPACKAGE . CmdRunner,Logger
+//go:generate mockgen -destination=mocks_test.go -package=$GOPACKAGE . Runner,Logger
--- a/internal/firewall/mocks_test.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/mocks_test.go
@@ -1,41 +1,41 @@
 // Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
-// Source: github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/firewall (interfaces: CmdRunner,Logger)
+// Source: github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/firewall (interfaces: Runner,Logger)

 // Package firewall is a generated GoMock package.
 package firewall

 import (
-	exec "os/exec"
 	reflect "reflect"

 	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	command "github.com/qdm12/golibs/command"
 )

-// MockCmdRunner is a mock of CmdRunner interface.
-type MockCmdRunner struct {
+// MockRunner is a mock of Runner interface.
+type MockRunner struct {
 	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
-	recorder *MockCmdRunnerMockRecorder
+	recorder *MockRunnerMockRecorder
 }

-// MockCmdRunnerMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockCmdRunner.
-type MockCmdRunnerMockRecorder struct {
-	mock *MockCmdRunner
+// MockRunnerMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockRunner.
+type MockRunnerMockRecorder struct {
+	mock *MockRunner
 }

-// NewMockCmdRunner creates a new mock instance.
-func NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockCmdRunner {
-	mock := &MockCmdRunner{ctrl: ctrl}
-	mock.recorder = &MockCmdRunnerMockRecorder{mock}
+// NewMockRunner creates a new mock instance.
+func NewMockRunner(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockRunner {
+	mock := &MockRunner{ctrl: ctrl}
+	mock.recorder = &MockRunnerMockRecorder{mock}
 	return mock
 }

 // EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use.
-func (m *MockCmdRunner) EXPECT() *MockCmdRunnerMockRecorder {
+func (m *MockRunner) EXPECT() *MockRunnerMockRecorder {
 	return m.recorder
 }

 // Run mocks base method.
-func (m *MockCmdRunner) Run(arg0 *exec.Cmd) (string, error) {
+func (m *MockRunner) Run(arg0 command.ExecCmd) (string, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Run", arg0)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(string)
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ func (m *MockCmdRunner) Run(arg0 *exec.Cmd) (string, error) {
 }

 // Run indicates an expected call of Run.
-func (mr *MockCmdRunnerMockRecorder) Run(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockRunnerMockRecorder) Run(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Run", reflect.TypeOf((*MockCmdRunner)(nil).Run), arg0)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Run", reflect.TypeOf((*MockRunner)(nil).Run), arg0)
 }

 // MockLogger is a mock of Logger interface.
@@ -107,15 +107,3 @@ func (mr *MockLoggerMockRecorder) Info(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Info", reflect.TypeOf((*MockLogger)(nil).Info), arg0)
 }
-
-// Warn mocks base method.
-func (m *MockLogger) Warn(arg0 string) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	m.ctrl.Call(m, "Warn", arg0)
-}
-
-// Warn indicates an expected call of Warn.
-func (mr *MockLoggerMockRecorder) Warn(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Warn", reflect.TypeOf((*MockLogger)(nil).Warn), arg0)
-}
--- a/internal/firewall/parse.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/parse.go
@@ -70,7 +70,9 @@ func ipPrefixesEqual(instruction, chainRule netip.Prefix) bool {
 		(!instruction.IsValid() && chainRule.Bits() == 0 && chainRule.Addr().IsUnspecified())
 }

-var ErrIptablesCommandMalformed = errors.New("iptables command is malformed")
+var (
+	ErrIptablesCommandMalformed = errors.New("iptables command is malformed")
+)

 func parseIptablesInstruction(s string) (instruction iptablesInstruction, err error) {
 	if s == "" {
--- a/internal/firewall/parse_test.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/parse_test.go
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ func Test_parseIptablesInstruction(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()

@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ func Test_parseIPPrefix(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()

--- a/internal/firewall/redirect.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/redirect.go
@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ import (
 // If the destination port is zero, the redirection for the source port is removed
 // and no new redirection is added.
 func (c *Config) RedirectPort(ctx context.Context, intf string, sourcePort,
-	destinationPort uint16,
-) (err error) {
+	destinationPort uint16) (err error) {
 	c.stateMutex.Lock()
 	defer c.stateMutex.Unlock()

@@ -91,8 +90,7 @@ func (p *portRedirections) remove(intf string, sourcePort uint16) {
 }

 func (p *portRedirections) check(dryRun portRedirection) (alreadyExists bool,
-	conflict *portRedirection,
-) {
+	conflict *portRedirection) {
 	slice := *p
 	for _, redirection := range slice {
 		interfaceMatch := redirection.interfaceName == "" ||
--- a/internal/firewall/support.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/support.go
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"os/exec"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/command"
 )

 var (
@@ -17,9 +19,8 @@ var (
 	ErrIPTablesNotSupported = errors.New("no iptables supported found")
 )

-func checkIptablesSupport(ctx context.Context, runner CmdRunner,
-	iptablesPathsToTry ...string,
-) (iptablesPath string, err error) {
+func checkIptablesSupport(ctx context.Context, runner command.Runner,
+	iptablesPathsToTry ...string) (iptablesPath string, err error) {
 	iptablesPathToUnsupportedMessage := make(map[string]string, len(iptablesPathsToTry))
 	for _, pathToTest := range iptablesPathsToTry {
 		ok, unsupportedMessage, err := testIptablesPath(ctx, pathToTest, runner)
@@ -61,9 +62,8 @@ func checkIptablesSupport(ctx context.Context, runner CmdRunner,
 }

 func testIptablesPath(ctx context.Context, path string,
-	runner CmdRunner) (ok bool, unsupportedMessage string,
-	criticalErr error,
-) {
+	runner command.Runner) (ok bool, unsupportedMessage string,
+	criticalErr error) {
 	// Just listing iptables rules often work but we need
 	// to modify them to ensure we can support the iptables
 	// being tested.
--- a/internal/firewall/support_test.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/support_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/command"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
@@ -40,15 +41,15 @@ func Test_checkIptablesSupport(t *testing.T) {
 	const inputPolicy = "ACCEPT"

 	testCases := map[string]struct {
-		buildRunner        func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) CmdRunner
+		buildRunner        func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) command.Runner
 		iptablesPathsToTry []string
 		iptablesPath       string
 		errSentinel        error
 		errMessage         string
 	}{
 		"critical error when checking": {
-			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) CmdRunner {
-				runner := NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl)
+			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) command.Runner {
+				runner := NewMockRunner(ctrl)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newAppendTestRuleMatcher("path1")).
 					Return("", nil)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newDeleteTestRuleMatcher("path1")).
@@ -61,8 +62,8 @@ func Test_checkIptablesSupport(t *testing.T) {
 				"output (exit code 4)",
 		},
 		"found valid path": {
-			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) CmdRunner {
-				runner := NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl)
+			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) command.Runner {
+				runner := NewMockRunner(ctrl)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newAppendTestRuleMatcher("path1")).
 					Return("", nil)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newDeleteTestRuleMatcher("path1")).
@@ -77,8 +78,8 @@ func Test_checkIptablesSupport(t *testing.T) {
 			iptablesPath:       "path1",
 		},
 		"all permission denied": {
-			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) CmdRunner {
-				runner := NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl)
+			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) command.Runner {
+				runner := NewMockRunner(ctrl)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newAppendTestRuleMatcher("path1")).
 					Return("Permission denied (you must be root) more context", errDummy)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newAppendTestRuleMatcher("path2")).
@@ -92,8 +93,8 @@ func Test_checkIptablesSupport(t *testing.T) {
 				"path2: context: Permission denied (you must be root) (exit code 4)",
 		},
 		"no valid path": {
-			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) CmdRunner {
-				runner := NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl)
+			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) command.Runner {
+				runner := NewMockRunner(ctrl)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newAppendTestRuleMatcher("path1")).
 					Return("output 1", errDummy)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newAppendTestRuleMatcher("path2")).
@@ -110,13 +111,15 @@ func Test_checkIptablesSupport(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 			ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)

 			runner := testCase.buildRunner(ctrl)

-			iptablesPath, err := checkIptablesSupport(ctx, runner, testCase.iptablesPathsToTry...)
+			iptablesPath, err :=
+				checkIptablesSupport(ctx, runner, testCase.iptablesPathsToTry...)

 			require.ErrorIs(t, err, testCase.errSentinel)
 			if testCase.errSentinel != nil {
@@ -136,15 +139,15 @@ func Test_testIptablesPath(t *testing.T) {
 	const inputPolicy = "ACCEPT"

 	testCases := map[string]struct {
-		buildRunner        func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) CmdRunner
+		buildRunner        func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) command.Runner
 		ok                 bool
 		unsupportedMessage string
 		criticalErrWrapped error
 		criticalErrMessage string
 	}{
 		"append test rule permission denied": {
-			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) CmdRunner {
-				runner := NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl)
+			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) command.Runner {
+				runner := NewMockRunner(ctrl)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newAppendTestRuleMatcher(path)).
 					Return("Permission denied (you must be root)", errDummy)
 				return runner
@@ -152,8 +155,8 @@ func Test_testIptablesPath(t *testing.T) {
 			unsupportedMessage: "Permission denied (you must be root) (exit code 4)",
 		},
 		"append test rule unsupported": {
-			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) CmdRunner {
-				runner := NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl)
+			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) command.Runner {
+				runner := NewMockRunner(ctrl)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newAppendTestRuleMatcher(path)).
 					Return("some output", errDummy)
 				return runner
@@ -161,8 +164,8 @@ func Test_testIptablesPath(t *testing.T) {
 			unsupportedMessage: "some output (exit code 4)",
 		},
 		"remove test rule error": {
-			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) CmdRunner {
-				runner := NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl)
+			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) command.Runner {
+				runner := NewMockRunner(ctrl)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newAppendTestRuleMatcher(path)).Return("", nil)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newDeleteTestRuleMatcher(path)).
 					Return("some output", errDummy)
@@ -172,8 +175,8 @@ func Test_testIptablesPath(t *testing.T) {
 			criticalErrMessage: "failed cleaning up test rule: some output (exit code 4)",
 		},
 		"list input rules permission denied": {
-			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) CmdRunner {
-				runner := NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl)
+			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) command.Runner {
+				runner := NewMockRunner(ctrl)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newAppendTestRuleMatcher(path)).Return("", nil)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newDeleteTestRuleMatcher(path)).Return("", nil)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newListInputRulesMatcher(path)).
@@ -183,8 +186,8 @@ func Test_testIptablesPath(t *testing.T) {
 			unsupportedMessage: "Permission denied (you must be root) (exit code 4)",
 		},
 		"list input rules unsupported": {
-			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) CmdRunner {
-				runner := NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl)
+			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) command.Runner {
+				runner := NewMockRunner(ctrl)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newAppendTestRuleMatcher(path)).Return("", nil)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newDeleteTestRuleMatcher(path)).Return("", nil)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newListInputRulesMatcher(path)).
@@ -194,8 +197,8 @@ func Test_testIptablesPath(t *testing.T) {
 			unsupportedMessage: "some output (exit code 4)",
 		},
 		"list input rules no policy": {
-			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) CmdRunner {
-				runner := NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl)
+			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) command.Runner {
+				runner := NewMockRunner(ctrl)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newAppendTestRuleMatcher(path)).Return("", nil)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newDeleteTestRuleMatcher(path)).Return("", nil)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newListInputRulesMatcher(path)).
@@ -206,8 +209,8 @@ func Test_testIptablesPath(t *testing.T) {
 			criticalErrMessage: "input policy not found: in INPUT rules: some\noutput",
 		},
 		"set policy permission denied": {
-			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) CmdRunner {
-				runner := NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl)
+			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) command.Runner {
+				runner := NewMockRunner(ctrl)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newAppendTestRuleMatcher(path)).Return("", nil)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newDeleteTestRuleMatcher(path)).Return("", nil)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newListInputRulesMatcher(path)).
@@ -219,8 +222,8 @@ func Test_testIptablesPath(t *testing.T) {
 			unsupportedMessage: "Permission denied (you must be root) (exit code 4)",
 		},
 		"set policy unsupported": {
-			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) CmdRunner {
-				runner := NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl)
+			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) command.Runner {
+				runner := NewMockRunner(ctrl)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newAppendTestRuleMatcher(path)).Return("", nil)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newDeleteTestRuleMatcher(path)).Return("", nil)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newListInputRulesMatcher(path)).
@@ -232,8 +235,8 @@ func Test_testIptablesPath(t *testing.T) {
 			unsupportedMessage: "some output (exit code 4)",
 		},
 		"success": {
-			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) CmdRunner {
-				runner := NewMockCmdRunner(ctrl)
+			buildRunner: func(ctrl *gomock.Controller) command.Runner {
+				runner := NewMockRunner(ctrl)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newAppendTestRuleMatcher(path)).Return("", nil)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newDeleteTestRuleMatcher(path)).Return("", nil)
 				runner.EXPECT().Run(newListInputRulesMatcher(path)).
@@ -247,13 +250,15 @@ func Test_testIptablesPath(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 			ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)

 			runner := testCase.buildRunner(ctrl)

-			ok, unsupportedMessage, criticalErr := testIptablesPath(ctx, path, runner)
+			ok, unsupportedMessage, criticalErr :=
+				testIptablesPath(ctx, path, runner)

 			assert.Equal(t, testCase.ok, ok)
 			assert.Equal(t, testCase.unsupportedMessage, unsupportedMessage)
@@ -283,6 +288,7 @@ func Test_isPermissionDenied(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()

@@ -325,6 +331,7 @@ func Test_extractInputPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()

--- a/internal/firewall/vpn.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/vpn.go
@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@ import (
 )

 func (c *Config) SetVPNConnection(ctx context.Context,
-	connection models.Connection, vpnIntf string,
-) (err error) {
+	connection models.Connection, vpnIntf string) (err error) {
 	c.stateMutex.Lock()
 	defer c.stateMutex.Unlock()

--- a/internal/format/duration.go
+++ b/internal/format/duration.go
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-package format
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"time"
-)
-
-// FriendlyDuration formats a duration in an approximate, human friendly duration.
-// For example 55 hours will result in "2 days".
-func FriendlyDuration(duration time.Duration) string {
-	const twoDays = 48 * time.Hour
-	switch {
-	case duration < time.Minute:
-		seconds := int(duration.Round(time.Second).Seconds())
-		const two = 2
-		if seconds < two {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("%d second", seconds)
-		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%d seconds", seconds)
-	case duration <= time.Hour:
-		minutes := int(duration.Round(time.Minute).Minutes())
-		if minutes == 1 {
-			return "1 minute"
-		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%d minutes", minutes)
-	case duration < twoDays:
-		hours := int(duration.Truncate(time.Hour).Hours())
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%d hours", hours)
-	default:
-		const hoursInDay = 24
-		days := int(duration.Truncate(time.Hour).Hours() / hoursInDay)
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%d days", days)
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/format/duration_test.go
+++ b/internal/format/duration_test.go
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-package format
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func Test_FriendlyDuration(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	testCases := map[string]struct {
-		duration time.Duration
-		friendly string
-	}{
-		"zero": {
-			friendly: "0 second",
-		},
-		"one_second": {
-			duration: time.Second,
-			friendly: "1 second",
-		},
-		"59_seconds": {
-			duration: 59 * time.Second,
-			friendly: "59 seconds",
-		},
-		"1_minute": {
-			duration: time.Minute,
-			friendly: "1 minute",
-		},
-		"2_minutes": {
-			duration: 2 * time.Minute,
-			friendly: "2 minutes",
-		},
-		"1_hour": {
-			duration: time.Hour,
-			friendly: "60 minutes",
-		},
-		"2_hours": {
-			duration: 2 * time.Hour,
-			friendly: "2 hours",
-		},
-		"26_hours": {
-			duration: 26 * time.Hour,
-			friendly: "26 hours",
-		},
-		"28_hours": {
-			duration: 28 * time.Hour,
-			friendly: "28 hours",
-		},
-		"55_hours": {
-			duration: 55 * time.Hour,
-			friendly: "2 days",
-		},
-	}
-	for name, testCase := range testCases {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			s := FriendlyDuration(testCase.duration)
-
-			assert.Equal(t, testCase.friendly, s)
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/healthcheck/client.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/client.go
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 )

-var ErrHTTPStatusNotOK = errors.New("HTTP response status is not OK")
+var (
+	ErrHTTPStatusNotOK = errors.New("HTTP response status is not OK")
+)

 type Client struct {
 	httpClient *http.Client
--- a/internal/healthcheck/health.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/health.go
@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ package healthcheck

 import (
 	"context"
-	"crypto/tls"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
-	"strings"
 	"time"
 )

@@ -53,7 +51,7 @@ func (s *Server) runHealthcheckLoop(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 			select {
 			case <-s.vpn.healthyTimer.C:
 				timeoutIndex = 0 // retry next with the smallest timeout
-				s.onUnhealthyVPN(ctx, err.Error())
+				s.onUnhealthyVPN(ctx)
 			default:
 			}
 		case previousErr == nil && err == nil: // Nth success
@@ -81,22 +79,6 @@ func (s *Server) healthCheck(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("dialing: %w", err)
 	}

-	if strings.HasSuffix(address, ":443") {
-		host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(address)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("splitting host and port: %w", err)
-		}
-		tlsConfig := &tls.Config{
-			MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12,
-			ServerName: host,
-		}
-		tlsConnection := tls.Client(connection, tlsConfig)
-		err = tlsConnection.HandshakeContext(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("running TLS handshake: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
 	err = connection.Close()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("closing connection: %w", err)
--- a/internal/healthcheck/health_test.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/health_test.go
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ func Test_makeAddressToDial(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
 		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()

--- a/internal/healthcheck/openvpn.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/openvpn.go
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ type vpnHealth struct {
 	healthyTimer *time.Timer
 }

-func (s *Server) onUnhealthyVPN(ctx context.Context, lastErrMessage string) {
+func (s *Server) onUnhealthyVPN(ctx context.Context) {
 	s.logger.Info("program has been unhealthy for " +
-		s.vpn.healthyWait.String() + ": restarting VPN (healthcheck error: " + lastErrMessage + ")")
+		s.vpn.healthyWait.String() + ": restarting VPN")
 	s.logger.Info("👉 See https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/faq/healthcheck.md")
 	s.logger.Info("DO NOT OPEN AN ISSUE UNLESS YOU READ AND TRIED EACH POSSIBLE SOLUTION")
 	_, _ = s.vpn.loop.ApplyStatus(ctx, constants.Stopped)
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Quentin McGaw	67ae5f5065	feat(server): role based authentication system (#2434 ) - Parse toml configuration file, see https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/advanced/control-server.md#authentication - Retro-compatible with existing AND documented routes, until after v3.41 release - Log a warning if an unprotected-by-default route is accessed unprotected - Authentication methods: none, apikey, basic - `genkey` command to generate API keys - move log middleware to internal/server/middlewares/log Co-authored-by: Joe Jose <45399349+joejose97@users.noreply.github.com>	2024-09-29 17:53:17 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	cbfdb25190	fix(settings): prevent using FREE_ONLY and PORT_FORWARD_ONLY together with protonvpn (see #2470 )	2024-09-29 17:53:17 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	638f233b3c	fix(storage): add missing selection fields to build `noServerFoundError` - `STREAM_ONLY`, `PORT_FORWARD_ONLY`, `SECURE_CORE_ONLY`, `TOR_ONLY` and target ip options affected - Refers to issue #2470	2024-09-29 17:53:17 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	c450c54d67	fix(ivpn): split city into city and region - Fix bad city values containing a comma - update ivpn servers data	2024-09-29 17:53:17 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	d166314f8b	fix(nordvpn): remove commas from region values	2024-09-29 17:53:17 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	7064a44403	fix(pia): support port forwarding using Wireguard (#2420 ) - Build API IP address using the first 2 bytes of the gateway IP and adding `128.1` to it - API IP address is valid for both OpenVPN and Wireguard - Fix #2320	2024-09-29 17:53:17 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	c33158c13c	fix(firewall): delete chain rules by line number (#2411 ) - Fix #2334 - Parsing of iptables chains, contributing to progress for #1856	2024-09-29 17:53:04 +00:00