Fix SS CPU cycles bad eating habits (#211 )

Fix SS TCP relay error handling
Update list of ciphers for Shadowsocks
2020-08-19 00:56:48 +00:00 · 2020-08-16 23:25:44 +00:00 · 2020-08-16 23:09:48 +00:00 · 2020-08-16 23:07:15 +00:00 · 2020-08-16 23:06:35 +00:00
705 changed files with 17391 additions and 150267 deletions
--- a/.devcontainer/.dockerignore
+++ b/.devcontainer/.dockerignore
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-.dockerignore
-devcontainer.json
-docker-compose.yml
-Dockerfile
-README.md
--- a/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
+++ b/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-FROM qmcgaw/godevcontainer
-RUN apk add wireguard-tools
--- a/.devcontainer/README.md
+++ b/.devcontainer/README.md
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-# Development container
-
-Development container that can be used with VSCode.
-
-It works on Linux, Windows and OSX.
-
-## Requirements
-
- [VS code](https://code.visualstudio.com/download) installed
- [VS code remote containers extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode-remote.remote-containers) installed
- [Docker](https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop) installed and running
-    - If you don't use Linux or WSL 2, share your home directory `~/` and the directory of your project with Docker Desktop
- [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/) installed
- Ensure your host has the following and that they are accessible by Docker:
-    - `~/.ssh` directory
-    - `~/.gitconfig` file (can be empty)
-
-## Setup
-
-1. Open the command palette in Visual Studio Code (CTRL+SHIFT+P).
-1. Select `Remote-Containers: Open Folder in Container...` and choose the project directory.
-1. For Docker running on Windows HyperV, if you want to use SSH keys, bind mount them at `/tmp/.ssh` by changing the `volumes` section in the [docker-compose.yml](docker-compose.yml).
-
-## Customization
-
-### Customize the image
-
-You can make changes to the [Dockerfile](Dockerfile) and then rebuild the image. For example, your Dockerfile could be:
-
-```Dockerfile
-FROM qmcgaw/godevcontainer
-USER root
-RUN apk add curl
-USER vscode
-```
-
-Note that you may need to use `USER root` to build as root, and then change back to `USER vscode`.
-
-To rebuild the image, either:
-
- With VSCode through the command palette, select `Remote-Containers: Rebuild and reopen in container`
- With a terminal, go to this directory and `docker-compose build`
-
-### Customize VS code settings
-
-You can customize **settings** and **extensions** in the [devcontainer.json](devcontainer.json) definition file.
-
-### Entrypoint script
-
-You can bind mount a shell script to `/home/vscode/.welcome.sh` to replace the [current welcome script](shell/.welcome.sh).
-
-### Publish a port
-
-To access a port from your host to your development container, publish a port in [docker-compose.yml](docker-compose.yml).
-
-### Run other services
-
-1. Modify [docker-compose.yml](docker-compose.yml) to launch other services at the same time as this development container, such as a test database:
-
-    ```yml
-      database:
-        image: postgres
-        restart: always
-        environment:
-          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: password
-    ```
-
-1. In [devcontainer.json](devcontainer.json), change the line `"runServices": ["vscode"],` to `"runServices": ["vscode", "database"],`.
-1. In the VS code command palette, rebuild the container.
--- a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
+++ b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 {
-    "name": "gluetun-dev",
+    "name": "pia-dev",
    "dockerComposeFile": [
        "docker-compose.yml"
    ],
@@ -8,74 +8,108 @@
        "vscode"
    ],
    "shutdownAction": "stopCompose",
-    "postCreateCommand": "~/.windows.sh && go mod download && go mod tidy",
+    "postCreateCommand": "go mod download",
    "workspaceFolder": "/workspace",
    "extensions": [
        "golang.go",
-        "eamodio.gitlens", // IDE Git information
+        "IBM.output-colorizer",
+        "eamodio.gitlens",
+        "mhutchie.git-graph",
        "davidanson.vscode-markdownlint",
-        "ms-azuretools.vscode-docker", // Docker integration and linting
-        "shardulm94.trailing-spaces", // Show trailing spaces
-        "Gruntfuggly.todo-tree", // Highlights TODO comments
-        "bierner.emojisense", // Emoji sense for markdown
-        "stkb.rewrap", // rewrap comments after n characters on one line
-        "vscode-icons-team.vscode-icons", // Better file extension icons
-        "github.vscode-pull-request-github", // Github interaction
-        "redhat.vscode-yaml", // Kubernetes, Drone syntax highlighting
-        "bajdzis.vscode-database", // Supports connections to mysql or postgres, over SSL, socked
-        "IBM.output-colorizer", // Colorize your output/test logs
-        "mohsen1.prettify-json", // Prettify JSON data
+        "shardulm94.trailing-spaces",
+        "alefragnani.Bookmarks",
+        "Gruntfuggly.todo-tree",
+        "mohsen1.prettify-json",
+        "quicktype.quicktype",
+        "spikespaz.vscode-smoothtype",
+        "stkb.rewrap",
+        "vscode-icons-team.vscode-icons"
    ],
    "settings": {
+        // General settings
        "files.eol": "\n",
+        // Docker
        "remote.extensionKind": {
            "ms-azuretools.vscode-docker": "workspace"
        },
-        "editor.codeActionsOnSaveTimeout": 3000,
+        // Golang general settings
        "go.useLanguageServer": true,
-        "[go]": {
-            "editor.formatOnSave": true,
-            "editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
-                "source.organizeImports": true,
-            },
-            // Optional: Disable snippets, as they conflict with completion ranking.
-            "editor.snippetSuggestions": "none"
-        },
-        "[go.mod]": {
-            "editor.formatOnSave": true,
-            "editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
-                "source.organizeImports": true,
-            },
-        },
-        "gopls": {
-            "usePlaceholders": false,
-            "staticcheck": true
-        },
        "go.autocompleteUnimportedPackages": true,
        "go.gotoSymbol.includeImports": true,
        "go.gotoSymbol.includeGoroot": true,
+        "gopls": {
+            "completeUnimported": true,
+            "deepCompletion": true,
+            "usePlaceholders": false
+        },
        "go.lintTool": "golangci-lint",
+        "go.lintFlags": [
+            "--fast",
+            "--enable",
+            "staticcheck",
+            "--enable",
+            "bodyclose",
+            "--enable",
+            "dogsled",
+            "--enable",
+            "gochecknoglobals",
+            "--enable",
+            "gochecknoinits",
+            "--enable",
+            "gocognit",
+            "--enable",
+            "goconst",
+            "--enable",
+            "gocritic",
+            "--enable",
+            "gocyclo",
+            "--enable",
+            "golint",
+            "--enable",
+            "gosec",
+            "--enable",
+            "interfacer",
+            "--enable",
+            "maligned",
+            "--enable",
+            "misspell",
+            "--enable",
+            "nakedret",
+            "--enable",
+            "prealloc",
+            "--enable",
+            "scopelint",
+            "--enable",
+            "unconvert",
+            "--enable",
+            "unparam",
+            "--enable",
+            "whitespace"
+        ],
+        // Golang on save
        "go.buildOnSave": "workspace",
        "go.lintOnSave": "workspace",
        "go.vetOnSave": "workspace",
        "editor.formatOnSave": true,
+        "[go]": {
+            "editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
+                "source.organizeImports": true
+            }
+        },
+        // Golang testing
        "go.toolsEnvVars": {
-            "GOFLAGS": "-tags=",
-            // "CGO_ENABLED": 1 // for the race detector
+            "GOFLAGS": "-tags=integration"
        },
        "gopls.env": {
-            "GOFLAGS": "-tags="
-        },
-        "go.testEnvVars": {
-            "": ""
+            "GOFLAGS": "-tags=integration"
        },
+        "go.testEnvVars": {},
        "go.testFlags": [
            "-v",
            // "-race"
        ],
-        "go.testTimeout": "10s",
-        "go.coverOnSingleTest": true,
+        "go.testTimeout": "600s",
        "go.coverOnSingleTestFile": true,
-        "go.coverOnTestPackage": true
+        "go.coverOnSingleTest": true
    }
 }
--- a/.devcontainer/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/.devcontainer/docker-compose.yml
@@ -2,32 +2,14 @@ version: "3.7"

 services:
  vscode:
-    build: .
-    image: godevcontainer
-    devices:
-      - /dev/net/tun:/dev/net/tun
+    image: qmcgaw/godevcontainer
    volumes:
      - ../:/workspace
-      # Docker socket to access Docker server
+      - ~/.ssh:/home/vscode/.ssh:ro
+      - ~/.ssh:/root/.ssh:ro
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
-      # Docker configuration
-      - ~/.docker:/root/.docker:z
-      # SSH directory for Linux, OSX and WSL
-      - ~/.ssh:/root/.ssh:z
-      # For Windows without WSL, a copy will be made
-      # from /tmp/.ssh to ~/.ssh to fix permissions
-      #- ~/.ssh:/tmp/.ssh:ro
-      # Shell history persistence
-      - ~/.zsh_history:/root/.zsh_history:z
-      # Git config
-      - ~/.gitconfig:/root/.gitconfig:z
-    environment:
-      - TZ=
    cap_add:
-      # For debugging with dlv
-      # - SYS_PTRACE
-      - NET_ADMIN
+      - SYS_PTRACE
    security_opt:
-      # For debugging with dlv
      - seccomp:unconfined
    entrypoint: zsh -c "while sleep 1000; do :; done"
--- a/.dockerignore
+++ b/.dockerignore
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 .devcontainer
 .git
 .github
+.vscode
+cmd
+!cmd/gluetun
 doc
 docker-compose.yml
-Dockerfile
 LICENSE
 README.md
 title.svg
--- a/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -7,12 +7,23 @@ Contributions are [released](https://help.github.com/articles/github-terms-of-se
 1. [Fork](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/fork) and clone the repository
 1. Create a new branch `git checkout -b my-branch-name`
 1. Modify the code
-1. Ensure the docker build succeeds `docker build .` (you might need `export DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1`)
+1. Ensure the docker build succeeds `docker build .`
 1. Commit your modifications
 1. Push to your fork and [submit a pull request](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/compare)

 ## Resources

- [Gluetun guide on development](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Development)
 - [Using Pull Requests](https://help.github.com/articles/about-pull-requests/)
 - [How to Contribute to Open Source](https://opensource.guide/how-to-contribute/)
+
+## Contributors
+
+Thanks for all the contributions, whether small or not so small!
+
+- [@JeordyR](https://github.com/JeordyR) for testing the Mullvad version and opening a [PR with a few fixes](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pull/84/files) 👍
+- [@rorph](https://github.com/rorph) for a [PR to pick a random region for PIA](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pull/70) and a [PR to make the container work with kubernetes](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pull/69)
+- [@JesterEE](https://github.com/JesterEE) for a [PR to fix silly line endings in block lists back then](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pull/55) 📎
+- [@elmerfdz](https://github.com/elmerfdz) for a [PR to add timezone information to have correct log timestampts](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pull/51) 🕙
+- [@Juggels](https://github.com/Juggels) for a [PR to write the PIA forwarded port to a file](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pull/43)
+- [@gdlx](https://github.com/gdlx) for a [PR to fix and improve PIA port forwarding script](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pull/32)
+- [@janaz](https://github.com/janaz) for keeping an eye on [updating things in the Dockerfile](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pull/8)
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.md
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+name: Bug
+about: Report a bug
+title: 'Bug: ...'
+labels: ":bug: bug"
+assignees: qdm12
+
+---
+
+**TLDR**: *Describe your issue in a one liner here*
+
+1. Is this urgent?
+
+    - [ ] Yes
+    - [x] No
+
+2. What VPN service provider are you using?
+
+    - [x] PIA
+    - [ ] Mullvad
+    - [ ] Windscribe
+    - [ ] Surfshark
+    - [ ] Cyberghost
+
+3. What's the version of the program?
+
+    **See the line at the top of your logs**
+
+    `Running version latest built on 2020-03-13T01:30:06Z (commit d0f678c)`
+
+4. What are you using to run the container?
+
+    - [ ] Docker run
+    - [x] Docker Compose
+    - [ ] Kubernetes
+    - [ ] Docker stack
+    - [ ] Docker swarm
+    - [ ] Podman
+    - [ ] Other:
+
+5. Extra information
+
+Logs:
+
+```log
+
+```
+
+Configuration file:
+
+```yml
+
+```
+
+Host OS:
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-name: Bug
-description: Report a bug
-title: "Bug: "
-labels: [":bug: bug"]
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: urgent
-    attributes:
-      label: Is this urgent?
-      description: |
-        Is this a critical bug, or do you need this fixed urgently?
-        If this is urgent, note you can use one of the [image tags available](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Docker-image-tags) if that can help.
-      options:
-        - "No"
-        - "Yes"
-  - type: input
-    id: host-os
-    attributes:
-      label: Host OS
-      description: What is your host OS?
-      placeholder: "Debian Buster"
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: cpu-arch
-    attributes:
-      label: CPU arch
-      description: You can find it on Linux with `uname -m`.
-      options:
-        - x86_64
-        - aarch64
-        - armv7l
-        - "386"
-        - s390x
-        - ppc64le
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: vpn-service-provider
-    attributes:
-      label: VPN service provider
-      options:
-        - Custom
-        - Cyberghost
-        - ExpressVPN
-        - FastestVPN
-        - HideMyAss
-        - IPVanish
-        - IVPN
-        - Mullvad
-        - NordVPN
-        - Privado
-        - Private Internet Access
-        - PrivateVPN
-        - ProtonVPN
-        - PureVPN
-        - Surfshark
-        - TorGuard
-        - VPNUnlimited
-        - VyprVPN
-        - WeVPN
-        - Windscribe
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: docker
-    attributes:
-      label: What are you using to run the container
-      options:
-        - docker run
-        - docker-compose
-        - Portainer
-        - Kubernetes
-        - Podman
-        - Other
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: input
-    id: version
-    attributes:
-      label: What is the version of Gluetun
-      description: |
-        Copy paste the version line at the top of your logs.
-        It should be in the form `Running version latest built on 2020-03-13T01:30:06Z (commit d0f678c)`.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: problem
-    attributes:
-      label: "What's the problem 🤔"
-      placeholder: "That feature does not work..."
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: logs
-    attributes:
-      label: Share your logs
-      description: No sensitive information is logged out except when running with `LOG_LEVEL=debug`.
-      render: log
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: config
-    attributes:
-      label: Share your configuration
-      description: Share your configuration such as `docker-compose.yml`. Ensure to remove credentials.
-      render: yml
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-contact_links:
-  - name: Configuration help?
-    url: https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/discussions/new
-    about: Please create a Github discussion.
-  - name: Unraid template issue
-    url: https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/discussions/550
-    about: Please read the relevant Github discussion.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+name: Feature request
+about: Suggest a feature to add to this project
+title: 'Feature request: ...'
+labels: ":bulb: feature request"
+assignees: qdm12
+
+---
+
+1. What's the feature?
+
+2. Why do you need this feature?
+
+3. Extra information?
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-name: Feature request
-description: Suggest a feature to add to Gluetun
-title: "Feature request: "
-labels: [":bulb: feature request"]
-body:
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: "What's the feature 🧐"
-      placeholder: "Make the tunnel resistant to earth quakes"
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: extra
-    attributes:
-      label: "Extra information and references"
-      placeholder: |
-        - I tried `docker run something` and it doesn't work
-        - That [url](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun) is interesting
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/help.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/help.md
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+name: Help
+about: Ask for help
+title: 'Help: ...'
+labels: ":pray: help wanted"
+assignees:
+
+---
+
+**TLDR**: *Describe your issue in a one liner here*
+
+1. Is this urgent?
+
+    - [ ] Yes
+    - [x] No
+
+2. What VPN service provider are you using?
+
+    - [x] PIA
+    - [ ] Mullvad
+    - [ ] Windscribe
+    - [ ] Surfshark
+    - [ ] Cyberghost
+
+3. What's the version of the program?
+
+    **See the line at the top of your logs**
+
+    `Running version latest built on 2020-03-13T01:30:06Z (commit d0f678c)`
+
+4. What are you using to run the container?
+
+    - [ ] Docker run
+    - [x] Docker Compose
+    - [ ] Kubernetes
+    - [ ] Docker stack
+    - [ ] Docker swarm
+    - [ ] Podman
+    - [ ] Other:
+
+5. Extra information
+
+Logs:
+
+```log
+
+```
+
+Configuration file:
+
+```yml
+
+```
+
+Host OS:
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/provider.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/provider.md
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
---
-name: Support a VPN provider
-about: Suggest a VPN provider to be supported
-title: 'VPN provider support: NAME OF THE PROVIDER'
-labels: ":bulb: New provider"
-
---
-
-One of the following is required:
-
- Publicly accessible URL to a zip file containing the Openvpn configuration files
- Publicly accessible URL to a structured (JSON etc.) list of servers **and attach** an example Openvpn configuration file for both TCP and UDP
- Publicly accessible URL to the list of servers **and attach** an example Openvpn configuration file for both TCP and UDP
-
-If the list of servers requires to login **or** is hidden behind an interactive configurator,
-you can only use a custom Openvpn configuration file.
-[The Wiki](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Openvpn-file) describes how to do so.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/wiki
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/wiki
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-name: Wiki issue
-description: Report a Wiki issue
-title: "Wiki issue: "
-labels: ["📄 Wiki issue"]
-body:
-  - type: input
-    id: url
-    attributes:
-      label: "URL to the Wiki page"
-      placeholder: "https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/OpenVPN-options"
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: "What's the issue?"
-    validations:
-      required: true
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-version: 2
-updates:
-  # Maintain dependencies for GitHub Actions
-  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
-    directory: "/"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
-  - package-ecosystem: docker
-    directory: /
-    schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
-  - package-ecosystem: gomod
-    directory: /
-    schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
--- a/.github/labels.yml
+++ b/.github/labels.yml
@@ -1,110 +1,51 @@
- name: "Bug :bug:"
+- name: ":robot: bot"
+  color: "69cde9"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":bug: bug"
  color: "b60205"
  description: ""
- name: "Feature request :bulb:"
-  color: "0e8a16"
+- name: ":game_die: dependencies"
+  color: "0366d6"
  description: ""
- name: "Help wanted :pray:"
-  color: "4caf50"
-  description: ""
- name: "Documentation :memo:"
+- name: ":memo: documentation"
  color: "c5def5"
  description: ""
- name: "Needs more info :thinking:"
+- name: ":busts_in_silhouette: duplicate"
+  color: "cccccc"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":sparkles: enhancement"
+  color: "0054ca"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":bulb: feature request"
+  color: "0e8a16"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":mega: feedback"
+  color: "03a9f4"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":rocket: future maybe"
+  color: "fef2c0"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":hatching_chick: good first issue"
+  color: "7057ff"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":pray: help wanted"
+  color: "4caf50"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":hand: hold"
+  color: "24292f"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":no_entry_sign: invalid"
+  color: "e6e6e6"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":interrobang: maybe bug"
+  color: "ff5722"
+  description: ""
+- name: ":thinking: needs more info"
  color: "795548"
  description: ""
-
-# Priority
- name: "🚨 Urgent"
-  color: "d5232f"
+- name: ":question: question"
+  color: "3f51b5"
  description: ""
- name: "💤 Low priority"
-  color: "4285f4"
-  description: ""
-
-# VPN providers
- name: ":cloud: Cyberghost"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: HideMyAss"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: IPVanish"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: IVPN"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: ExpressVPN"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: FastestVPN"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: Mullvad"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: NordVPN"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: Perfect Privacy"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: PIA"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: Privado"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: PrivateVPN"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: ProtonVPN"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
- name: ":cloud: PureVPN"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: Surfshark"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: Torguard"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: VPNUnlimited"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: Vyprvpn"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: WeVPN"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: Windscribe"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
-
-# Problem category
- name: "Openvpn"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
-  description: ""
- name: "Wireguard"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
-  description: ""
- name: "Unbound (DNS over TLS)"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
-  description: ""
- name: "Firewall"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
-  description: ""
- name: "HTTP proxy"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
-  description: ""
- name: "Shadowsocks"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
-  description: ""
- name: "Healthcheck server"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
-  description: ""
- name: "Control server"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
+- name: ":coffin: wontfix"
+  color: "ffffff"
  description: ""
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+name: Docker build
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [master]
+    paths-ignore:
+      - .devcontainer
+      - .github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE
+      - .github/workflows/buildx-release.yml
+      - .github/workflows/buildx-branch.yml
+      - .github/workflows/buildx-latest.yml
+      - .github/workflows/dockerhub-description.yml
+      - .github/workflows/labels.yml
+      - .github/workflows/misspell.yml
+      - .github/CODEOWNERS
+      - .github/CONTRIBUTING.md
+      - .github/FUNDING.yml
+      - .github/labels.yml
+      - .vscode
+      - cmd/ovpnparser
+      - cmd/resolver
+      - doc
+      - .gitignore
+      - docker-compose.yml
+      - LICENSE
+      - README.md
+      - title.svg
+jobs:
+  build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Build image
+        run: docker build .
--- a/.github/workflows/buildx-branch.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/buildx-branch.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+name: Buildx branch
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - '*'
+      - '*/*'
+      - '!master'
+    paths-ignore:
+      - .devcontainer
+      - .github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE
+      - .github/workflows/build.yml
+      - .github/workflows/buildx-release.yml
+      - .github/workflows/buildx-latest.yml
+      - .github/workflows/dockerhub-description.yml
+      - .github/workflows/labels.yml
+      - .github/workflows/misspell.yml
+      - .github/CODEOWNERS
+      - .github/CONTRIBUTING.md
+      - .github/FUNDING.yml
+      - .github/labels.yml
+      - .vscode
+      - cmd/ovpnparser
+      - cmd/resolver
+      - doc
+      - .gitignore
+      - docker-compose.yml
+      - LICENSE
+      - README.md
+      - title.svg
+jobs:
+  buildx:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Buildx setup
+        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-docker-buildx@v1
+      - name: Dockerhub login
+        run: echo ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }} | docker login -u qmcgaw --password-stdin 2>&1
+      - name: Run Buildx
+        run: |
+          docker buildx build \
+            --progress plain \
+            --platform=linux/amd64 \
+            --build-arg BUILD_DATE=`date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"` \
+            --build-arg VCS_REF=`git rev-parse --short HEAD` \
+            --build-arg VERSION=${GITHUB_REF##*/} \
+            -t qmcgaw/private-internet-access:${GITHUB_REF##*/} \
+            --push \
+            .
+      - run: curl -X POST https://hooks.microbadger.com/images/qmcgaw/private-internet-access/tQFy7AxtSUNANPe6aoVChYdsI_I= || exit 0
--- a/.github/workflows/buildx-latest.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/buildx-latest.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+name: Buildx latest
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+    paths-ignore:
+      - .devcontainer
+      - .github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE
+      - .github/workflows/build.yml
+      - .github/workflows/buildx-branch.yml
+      - .github/workflows/buildx-release.yml
+      - .github/workflows/dockerhub-description.yml
+      - .github/workflows/labels.yml
+      - .github/workflows/misspell.yml
+      - .github/CODEOWNERS
+      - .github/CONTRIBUTING.md
+      - .github/FUNDING.yml
+      - .github/labels.yml
+      - .vscode
+      - cmd/ovpnparser
+      - cmd/resolver
+      - doc
+      - .gitignore
+      - docker-compose.yml
+      - LICENSE
+      - README.md
+      - title.svg
+jobs:
+  buildx:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Buildx setup
+        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-docker-buildx@v1
+      - name: Dockerhub login
+        run: echo ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }} | docker login -u qmcgaw --password-stdin 2>&1
+      - name: Run Buildx
+        run: |
+          docker buildx build \
+            --progress plain \
+            --platform=linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm/v6 \
+            --build-arg BUILD_DATE=`date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"` \
+            --build-arg VCS_REF=`git rev-parse --short HEAD` \
+            --build-arg VERSION=latest \
+            -t qmcgaw/private-internet-access:latest \
+            --push \
+            .
+      - run: curl -X POST https://hooks.microbadger.com/images/qmcgaw/private-internet-access/tQFy7AxtSUNANPe6aoVChYdsI_I= || exit 0
--- a/.github/workflows/buildx-release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/buildx-release.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+name: Buildx release
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [published]
+    paths-ignore:
+      - .devcontainer
+      - .github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE
+      - .github/workflows/build.yml
+      - .github/workflows/buildx-branch.yml
+      - .github/workflows/buildx-latest.yml
+      - .github/workflows/dockerhub-description.yml
+      - .github/workflows/labels.yml
+      - .github/workflows/misspell.yml
+      - .github/CODEOWNERS
+      - .github/CONTRIBUTING.md
+      - .github/FUNDING.yml
+      - .github/labels.yml
+      - .vscode
+      - cmd/ovpnparser
+      - cmd/resolver
+      - doc
+      - .gitignore
+      - docker-compose.yml
+      - LICENSE
+      - README.md
+      - title.svg
+jobs:
+  buildx:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Buildx setup
+        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-docker-buildx@v1
+      - name: Dockerhub login
+        run: echo ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }} | docker login -u qmcgaw --password-stdin 2>&1
+      - name: Run Buildx
+        run: |
+          docker buildx build \
+            --progress plain \
+            --platform=linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm/v6 \
+            --build-arg BUILD_DATE=`date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"` \
+            --build-arg VCS_REF=`git rev-parse --short HEAD` \
+            --build-arg VERSION=${GITHUB_REF##*/} \
+            -t qmcgaw/private-internet-access:${GITHUB_REF##*/} \
+            --push \
+            .
+      - run: curl -X POST https://hooks.microbadger.com/images/qmcgaw/private-internet-access/tQFy7AxtSUNANPe6aoVChYdsI_I= || exit 0
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-name: CI
-on:
-  release:
-    types:
-      - published
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths:
-      - .github/workflows/ci.yml
-      - cmd/**
-      - internal/**
-      - pkg/**
-      - .dockerignore
-      - .golangci.yml
-      - Dockerfile
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths:
-      - .github/workflows/ci.yml
-      - cmd/**
-      - internal/**
-      - pkg/**
-      - .dockerignore
-      - .golangci.yml
-      - Dockerfile
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-
-jobs:
-  verify:
-    # Only run if it's a push event or if it's a PR from this repository, and it is not dependabot.
-    if: |
-      github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]' &&
-      (github.event_name == 'push' ||
-      github.event_name == 'release' ||
-      (github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository))
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    env:
-      DOCKER_BUILDKIT: "1"
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      - uses: reviewdog/action-misspell@v1
-        with:
-          locale: "US"
-          level: error
-
-      - name: Linting
-        run: docker build --target lint .
-
-      - name: Go mod tidy check
-        run: docker build --target tidy .
-
-      - name: Build test image
-        run: docker build --target test -t test-container .
-
-      - name: Run tests in test container
-        run: |
-          touch coverage.txt
-          docker run --rm \
-          -v "$(pwd)/coverage.txt:/tmp/gobuild/coverage.txt" \
-          test-container
-
-      - name: Code security analysis
-        uses: snyk/actions/golang@master
-        env:
-          SNYK_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SNYK_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Build final image
-        run: docker build -t final-image .
-
-      # - name: Image security analysis
-      #   uses: snyk/actions/docker@master
-      #   env:
-      #     SNYK_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SNYK_TOKEN }}
-      #   with:
-      #     image: final-image
-
-  publish:
-    # Only run if it's a push event or if it's a PR from this repository
-    if: |
-      github.event_name == 'push' ||
-      github.event_name == 'release' ||
-      (github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository)
-    needs: [verify]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      # extract metadata (tags, labels) for Docker
-      # https://github.com/docker/metadata-action
-      - name: Extract Docker metadata
-        id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v3
-        with:
-          flavor: |
-            latest=${{ github.ref == format('refs/heads/{0}', github.event.repository.default_branch) }}
-          images: |
-            qmcgaw/gluetun
-            qmcgaw/private-internet-access
-          tags: |
-            type=ref,event=branch,enable=${{ github.ref != format('refs/heads/{0}', github.event.repository.default_branch) }}
-            type=ref,event=pr
-            type=semver,pattern=v{{major}}.{{minor}}.{{patch}}
-            type=semver,pattern=v{{major}}.{{minor}}
-            type=semver,pattern=v{{major}},enable=${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v0.') }}
-            type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ github.ref == format('refs/heads/{0}', github.event.repository.default_branch) }}
-
-      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v1
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1
-
-      - uses: docker/login-action@v1
-        with:
-          username: qmcgaw
-          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }}
-
-      - name: Short commit
-        id: shortcommit
-        run: echo "::set-output name=value::$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
-
-      - name: Build and push final image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v2.9.0
-        with:
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v6,linux/arm/v7,linux/ppc64le
-          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
-          build-args: |
-            CREATED=${{ fromJSON(steps.meta.outputs.json).labels['org.opencontainers.image.created'] }}
-            COMMIT=${{ steps.shortcommit.outputs.value }}
-            VERSION=${{ fromJSON(steps.meta.outputs.json).labels['org.opencontainers.image.version'] }}
-          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
-          push: true
--- a/.github/workflows/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/dependabot.yml
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-name: Dependabot
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths:
-      - .github/workflows/dependabot.yml
-      - cmd/**
-      - internal/**
-      - pkg/**
-      - .dockerignore
-      - .golangci.yml
-      - Dockerfile
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-
-jobs:
-  verify:
-    if: ${{ github.actor == 'dependabot[bot]' }}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    env:
-      DOCKER_BUILDKIT: "1"
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.4.0
-
-      - name: Build test image
-        run: docker build --target test -t test-container .
-
-      - name: Run tests in test container
-        run: |
-          touch coverage.txt
-          docker run --rm \
-          -v "$(pwd)/coverage.txt:/tmp/gobuild/coverage.txt" \
-          test-container
-
-      - name: Build final image
-        run: docker build -t final-image .
--- a/.github/workflows/dockerhub-description.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/dockerhub-description.yml
@@ -10,12 +10,10 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2.4.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
      - name: Docker Hub Description
-        uses: peter-evans/dockerhub-description@v2
-        with:
-          username: qmcgaw
-          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }}
-          repository: qmcgaw/gluetun
-          short-description: Lightweight Swiss-knife VPN client to connect to several VPN providers
-          readme-filepath: README.md
+        uses: peter-evans/dockerhub-description@v2.1.0
+        env:
+          DOCKERHUB_USERNAME: qmcgaw
+          DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }}
+          DOCKERHUB_REPOSITORY: qmcgaw/private-internet-access
--- a/.github/workflows/fork.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/fork.yml
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-name: Fork
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths:
-      - .github/workflows/fork.yml
-      - cmd/**
-      - internal/**
-      - pkg/**
-      - .dockerignore
-      - .golangci.yml
-      - Dockerfile
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-
-jobs:
-  verify:
-    if: github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.repository && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    env:
-      DOCKER_BUILDKIT: "1"
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.4.0
-
-      - name: Linting
-        run: docker build --target lint .
-
-      - name: Build test image
-        run: docker build --target test -t test-container .
-
-      - name: Run tests in test container
-        run: |
-          touch coverage.txt
-          docker run --rm \
-          -v "$(pwd)/coverage.txt:/tmp/gobuild/coverage.txt" \
-          test-container
-
-      - name: Build final image
-        run: docker build -t final-image .
--- a/.github/workflows/labels.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/labels.yml
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
 name: labels
 on:
  push:
-    branches: [master]
+    branches: ["master"]
    paths:
-      - .github/labels.yml
-      - .github/workflows/labels.yml
+      - '.github/labels.yml'
+      - '.github/workflows/labels.yml'
 jobs:
  labeler:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.4.0
-      - uses: crazy-max/ghaction-github-labeler@v3
-        with:
-          yaml-file: .github/labels.yml
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Labeler
+        if: success()
+        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-github-labeler@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
--- a/.github/workflows/misspell.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/misspell.yml
@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@ jobs:
  misspell:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.4.0
-      - uses: reviewdog/action-misspell@v1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: reviewdog/action-misspell@master
        with:
+          github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
          locale: "US"
          level: error
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-scratch.txt
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -1,100 +1,47 @@
 linters-settings:
+  maligned:
+    suggest-new: true
  misspell:
    locale: US

-issues:
-  exclude-rules:
-    - path: _test\.go
-      linters:
-        - dupl
-        - maligned
-        - goerr113
-    - path: internal/server/
-      linters:
-        - dupl
-    - path: internal/configuration/
-      linters:
-        - dupl
-    - path: internal/constants/
-      linters:
-        - dupl
-    - text: "exported: exported var Err*"
-      linters:
-        - revive
-    - text: "mnd: Magic number: 0644*"
-      linters:
-        - gomnd
-    - text: "mnd: Magic number: 0400*"
-      linters:
-        - gomnd
-    - text: "variable 'mssFix' is only used in the if-statement*"
-      path: "openvpnconf.go"
-      linters:
-        - ifshort
-    - text: "variable 'auth' is only used in the if-statement*"
-      path: "openvpnconf.go"
-      linters:
-        - ifshort
 linters:
+  disable-all: true
  enable:
-    # - cyclop
-    # - errorlint
-    # - ireturn
-    # - varnamelen
-    # - wrapcheck
-    - asciicheck
-    - bidichk
    - bodyclose
+    - deadcode
    - dogsled
    - dupl
-    - durationcheck
-    - errname
-    - exhaustive
-    - exportloopref
-    - forcetypeassert
-    - gci
+    - errcheck
    - gochecknoglobals
    - gochecknoinits
    - gocognit
    - goconst
    - gocritic
    - gocyclo
-    - godot
-    - goerr113
-    - goheader
    - goimports
-    - gomnd
-    - gomoddirectives
-    - goprintffuncname
+    - golint
    - gosec
-    - ifshort
-    - importas
-    - lll
-    - makezero
+    - gosimple
+    - govet
+    - ineffassign
+    - interfacer
+    - maligned
    - misspell
    - nakedret
-    - nestif
-    - nilerr
-    - nilnil
-    - noctx
-    - nolintlint
    - prealloc
-    - predeclared
-    - predeclared
-    - promlinter
-    - revive
    - rowserrcheck
-    - sqlclosecheck
-    - tenv
-    - thelper
-    - tparallel
+    - scopelint
+    - staticcheck
+    - structcheck
+    - typecheck
    - unconvert
    - unparam
-    - wastedassign
+    - unused
+    - varcheck
    - whitespace

 run:
  skip-dirs:
    - .devcontainer
    - .github
-    - doc
+    - postgres
--- a/.vscode/extensions.json
+++ b/.vscode/extensions.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "recommendations": [
+        "shardulm94.trailing-spaces",
+        "ms-azuretools.vscode-docker",
+        "davidanson.vscode-markdownlint",
+        "IBM.output-colorizer",
+        "golang.go"
+    ]
+}
--- a/.vscode/settings.json
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+{
+    // General settings
+    "files.eol": "\n",
+    // Docker
+    "remote.extensionKind": {
+        "ms-azuretools.vscode-docker": "workspace"
+    },
+    // Golang general settings
+    "go.useLanguageServer": true,
+    "go.autocompleteUnimportedPackages": true,
+    "go.gotoSymbol.includeImports": true,
+    "go.gotoSymbol.includeGoroot": true,
+    "gopls": {
+        "completeUnimported": true,
+        "deepCompletion": true,
+        "usePlaceholders": false
+    },
+    "go.lintTool": "golangci-lint",
+    "go.lintFlags": [
+        "--fast",
+        "--enable",
+        "rowserrcheck",
+        "--enable",
+        "bodyclose",
+        "--enable",
+        "dogsled",
+        "--enable",
+        "dupl",
+        "--enable",
+        "gochecknoglobals",
+        "--enable",
+        "gochecknoinits",
+        "--enable",
+        "gocognit",
+        "--enable",
+        "goconst",
+        "--enable",
+        "gocritic",
+        "--enable",
+        "gocyclo",
+        "--enable",
+        "goimports",
+        "--enable",
+        "golint",
+        "--enable",
+        "gosec",
+        "--enable",
+        "interfacer",
+        "--enable",
+        "maligned",
+        "--enable",
+        "misspell",
+        "--enable",
+        "nakedret",
+        "--enable",
+        "prealloc",
+        "--enable",
+        "scopelint",
+        "--enable",
+        "unconvert",
+        "--enable",
+        "unparam",
+        "--enable",
+        "whitespace"
+    ],
+    // Golang on save
+    "go.buildOnSave": "workspace",
+    "go.lintOnSave": "workspace",
+    "go.vetOnSave": "workspace",
+    "editor.formatOnSave": true,
+    "[go]": {
+        "editor.codeActionsOnSave": {
+            "source.organizeImports": true
+        }
+    },
+    // Golang testing
+    "go.toolsEnvVars": {
+        "GOFLAGS": "-tags="
+    },
+    "gopls.env": {
+        "GOFLAGS": "-tags="
+    },
+    "go.testEnvVars": {},
+    "go.testFlags": [
+        "-v",
+        // "-race"
+    ],
+    "go.testTimeout": "600s",
+    "go.coverOnSingleTestFile": true,
+    "go.coverOnSingleTest": true
+}
--- a/297
+++ b/297
@@ -1,189 +1,108 @@
-ARG ALPINE_VERSION=3.15
-ARG GO_ALPINE_VERSION=3.15
-ARG GO_VERSION=1.17
-ARG XCPUTRANSLATE_VERSION=v0.6.0
-ARG GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION=v1.43.0
-ARG BUILDPLATFORM=linux/amd64
-
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} qmcgaw/xcputranslate:${XCPUTRANSLATE_VERSION} AS xcputranslate
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} qmcgaw/binpot:golangci-lint-${GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION} AS golangci-lint
-
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine${GO_ALPINE_VERSION} AS base
-COPY --from=xcputranslate /xcputranslate /usr/local/bin/xcputranslate
-RUN apk --update add git g++
-ENV CGO_ENABLED=0
-COPY --from=golangci-lint /bin /go/bin/golangci-lint
-WORKDIR /tmp/gobuild
-COPY go.mod go.sum ./
-RUN go mod download
-COPY cmd/ ./cmd/
-COPY internal/ ./internal/
-
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} base AS test
-# Note on the go race detector:
-# - we set CGO_ENABLED=1 to have it enabled
-# - we installed g++ to support the race detector
-ENV CGO_ENABLED=1
-ENTRYPOINT go test -race -coverpkg=./... -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic ./...
-
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} base AS lint
-COPY .golangci.yml ./
-RUN golangci-lint run --timeout=10m
-
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} base AS tidy
-RUN git init && \
-    git config user.email ci@localhost && \
-    git config user.name ci && \
-    git add -A && git commit -m ci && \
-    sed -i '/\/\/ indirect/d' go.mod && \
-    go mod tidy && \
-    git diff --exit-code -- go.mod
-
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} base AS build
-ARG TARGETPLATFORM
-ARG VERSION=unknown
-ARG CREATED="an unknown date"
-ARG COMMIT=unknown
-RUN GOARCH="$(xcputranslate translate -field arch -targetplatform ${TARGETPLATFORM})" \
-    GOARM="$(xcputranslate translate -field arm -targetplatform ${TARGETPLATFORM})" \
-    go build -trimpath -ldflags="-s -w \
-    -X 'main.version=$VERSION' \
-    -X 'main.created=$CREATED' \
-    -X 'main.commit=$COMMIT' \
-    " -o entrypoint cmd/gluetun/main.go
-
-FROM alpine:${ALPINE_VERSION}
-ARG VERSION=unknown
-ARG CREATED="an unknown date"
-ARG COMMIT=unknown
-LABEL \
-    org.opencontainers.image.authors="quentin.mcgaw@gmail.com" \
-    org.opencontainers.image.created=$CREATED \
-    org.opencontainers.image.version=$VERSION \
-    org.opencontainers.image.revision=$COMMIT \
-    org.opencontainers.image.url="https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun" \
-    org.opencontainers.image.documentation="https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun" \
-    org.opencontainers.image.source="https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun" \
-    org.opencontainers.image.title="VPN swiss-knife like client for multiple VPN providers" \
-    org.opencontainers.image.description="VPN swiss-knife like client to tunnel to multiple VPN servers using OpenVPN, IPtables, DNS over TLS, Shadowsocks, an HTTP proxy and Alpine Linux"
-ENV VPNSP=pia \
-    VPN_TYPE=openvpn \
-    # OpenVPN
-    OPENVPN_PROTOCOL=udp \
-    OPENVPN_USER= \
-    OPENVPN_PASSWORD= \
-    OPENVPN_USER_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_user \
-    OPENVPN_PASSWORD_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_password \
-    OPENVPN_VERSION=2.5 \
-    OPENVPN_VERBOSITY=1 \
-    OPENVPN_FLAGS= \
-    OPENVPN_CIPHER= \
-    OPENVPN_AUTH= \
-    OPENVPN_ROOT=yes \
-    OPENVPN_TARGET_IP= \
-    OPENVPN_IPV6=off \
-    OPENVPN_CUSTOM_CONFIG= \
-    OPENVPN_INTERFACE=tun0 \
-    OPENVPN_PORT= \
-    # Wireguard
-    WIREGUARD_PRIVATE_KEY= \
-    WIREGUARD_PRESHARED_KEY= \
-    WIREGUARD_PUBLIC_KEY= \
-    WIREGUARD_ADDRESS= \
-    WIREGUARD_ENDPOINT_IP= \
-    WIREGUARD_ENDPOINT_PORT= \
-    WIREGUARD_INTERFACE=wg0 \
-    # VPN server filtering
-    REGION= \
-    COUNTRY= \
-    CITY= \
-    SERVER_HOSTNAME= \
-    # # Mullvad only:
-    ISP= \
-    OWNED=no \
-    # # Private Internet Access only:
-    PIA_ENCRYPTION= \
-    PORT_FORWARDING=off \
-    PORT_FORWARDING_STATUS_FILE="/tmp/gluetun/forwarded_port" \
-    # # Cyberghost only:
-    OPENVPN_CLIENTCRT_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_clientcrt \
-    OPENVPN_CLIENTKEY_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_clientkey \
-    # # Nordvpn only:
-    SERVER_NUMBER= \
-    # # PIA and ProtonVPN only:
-    SERVER_NAME= \
-    # # ProtonVPN only:
-    FREE_ONLY= \
-    # # Surfshark only:
-    MULTIHOP_ONLY= \
-    # Firewall
-    FIREWALL=on \
-    FIREWALL_VPN_INPUT_PORTS= \
-    FIREWALL_INPUT_PORTS= \
-    FIREWALL_OUTBOUND_SUBNETS= \
-    FIREWALL_DEBUG=off \
-    # Logging
-    LOG_LEVEL=info \
-    # Health
-    HEALTH_SERVER_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1:9999 \
-    HEALTH_TARGET_ADDRESS=github.com:443 \
-    HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_INITIAL=6s \
-    HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_ADDITION=5s \
-    # DNS over TLS
-    DOT=on \
-    DOT_PROVIDERS=cloudflare \
-    DOT_PRIVATE_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1/8,10.0.0.0/8,172.16.0.0/12,192.168.0.0/16,169.254.0.0/16,::1/128,fc00::/7,fe80::/10,::ffff:7f00:1/104,::ffff:a00:0/104,::ffff:a9fe:0/112,::ffff:ac10:0/108,::ffff:c0a8:0/112 \
-    DOT_VERBOSITY=1 \
-    DOT_VERBOSITY_DETAILS=0 \
-    DOT_VALIDATION_LOGLEVEL=0 \
-    DOT_CACHING=on \
-    DOT_IPV6=off \
-    BLOCK_MALICIOUS=on \
-    BLOCK_SURVEILLANCE=off \
-    BLOCK_ADS=off \
-    UNBLOCK= \
-    DNS_UPDATE_PERIOD=24h \
-    DNS_PLAINTEXT_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1 \
-    DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER=off \
-    # HTTP proxy
-    HTTPPROXY= \
-    HTTPPROXY_LOG=off \
-    HTTPPROXY_LISTENING_ADDRESS=":8888" \
-    HTTPPROXY_USER= \
-    HTTPPROXY_PASSWORD= \
-    HTTPPROXY_USER_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/httpproxy_user \
-    HTTPPROXY_PASSWORD_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/httpproxy_password \
-    # Shadowsocks
-    SHADOWSOCKS=off \
-    SHADOWSOCKS_LOG=off \
-    SHADOWSOCKS_LISTENING_ADDRESS=":8388" \
-    SHADOWSOCKS_PASSWORD= \
-    SHADOWSOCKS_PASSWORD_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/shadowsocks_password \
-    SHADOWSOCKS_CIPHER=chacha20-ietf-poly1305 \
-    # Server data updater
-    UPDATER_PERIOD=0 \
-    # Public IP
-    PUBLICIP_FILE="/tmp/gluetun/ip" \
-    PUBLICIP_PERIOD=12h \
-    # Extras
-    VERSION_INFORMATION=on \
-    TZ= \
-    PUID= \
-    PGID=
-ENTRYPOINT ["/gluetun-entrypoint"]
-EXPOSE 8000/tcp 8888/tcp 8388/tcp 8388/udp
-HEALTHCHECK --interval=5s --timeout=5s --start-period=10s --retries=1 CMD /gluetun-entrypoint healthcheck
-ARG TARGETPLATFORM
-RUN apk add --no-cache --update -l apk-tools && \
-    apk add --no-cache --update -X "https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.12/main" openvpn==2.4.12-r0 && \
-    mv /usr/sbin/openvpn /usr/sbin/openvpn2.4 && \
-    apk del openvpn && \
-    apk add --no-cache --update openvpn ca-certificates iptables ip6tables unbound tzdata && \
-    mv /usr/sbin/openvpn /usr/sbin/openvpn2.5 && \
-    # Fix vulnerability issue
-    apk add --no-cache --update busybox && \
-    rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* /etc/unbound/* /usr/sbin/unbound-* /etc/openvpn/*.sh /usr/lib/openvpn/plugins/openvpn-plugin-down-root.so && \
-    deluser openvpn && \
-    deluser unbound && \
-    mkdir /gluetun
-COPY --from=build /tmp/gobuild/entrypoint /gluetun-entrypoint
+ARG ALPINE_VERSION=3.12
+ARG GO_VERSION=1.15
+
+FROM golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine${ALPINE_VERSION} AS builder
+RUN apk --update add git
+ENV CGO_ENABLED=0
+ARG GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION=v1.30.0
+RUN wget -O- -nv https://raw.githubusercontent.com/golangci/golangci-lint/master/install.sh | sh -s ${GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION}
+WORKDIR /tmp/gobuild
+COPY .golangci.yml .
+COPY go.mod go.sum ./
+RUN go mod download 2>&1
+COPY cmd/gluetun/main.go .
+COPY internal/ ./internal/
+RUN go test ./...
+RUN golangci-lint run --timeout=10m
+RUN go build -trimpath -ldflags="-s -w" -o entrypoint main.go
+
+FROM alpine:${ALPINE_VERSION}
+ARG VERSION
+ARG BUILD_DATE
+ARG VCS_REF
+ENV VERSION=$VERSION \
+    BUILD_DATE=$BUILD_DATE \
+    VCS_REF=$VCS_REF
+LABEL \
+    org.opencontainers.image.authors="quentin.mcgaw@gmail.com" \
+    org.opencontainers.image.created=$BUILD_DATE \
+    org.opencontainers.image.version=$VERSION \
+    org.opencontainers.image.revision=$VCS_REF \
+    org.opencontainers.image.url="https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun" \
+    org.opencontainers.image.documentation="https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun" \
+    org.opencontainers.image.source="https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun" \
+    org.opencontainers.image.title="VPN client for PIA, Mullvad, Windscribe, Surfshark and Cyberghost" \
+    org.opencontainers.image.description="VPN client to tunnel to PIA, Mullvad, Windscribe, Surfshark and Cyberghost servers using OpenVPN, IPtables, DNS over TLS and Alpine Linux"
+ENV VPNSP=pia \
+    PROTOCOL=udp \
+    OPENVPN_VERBOSITY=1 \
+    OPENVPN_ROOT=no \
+    OPENVPN_TARGET_IP= \
+    TZ= \
+    UID=1000 \
+    GID=1000 \
+    IP_STATUS_FILE="/ip" \
+    # PIA, Windscribe, Surfshark, Cyberghost, Vyprvpn, NordVPN, PureVPN only
+    USER= \
+    PASSWORD= \
+    REGION= \
+    # PIA only
+    PIA_ENCRYPTION=strong \
+    PORT_FORWARDING=off \
+    PORT_FORWARDING_STATUS_FILE="/forwarded_port" \
+    # Mullvad and PureVPN only
+    COUNTRY= \
+    CITY= \
+    # Mullvad only
+    ISP= \
+    # Mullvad and Windscribe only
+    PORT= \
+    # Cyberghost only
+    CYBERGHOST_GROUP="Premium UDP Europe" \
+    # NordVPN only
+    SERVER_NUMBER= \
+    # Openvpn
+    OPENVPN_CIPHER= \
+    OPENVPN_AUTH= \
+    # DNS over TLS
+    DOT=on \
+    DOT_PROVIDERS=cloudflare \
+    DOT_PRIVATE_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1/8,10.0.0.0/8,172.16.0.0/12,192.168.0.0/16,169.254.0.0/16,::1/128,fc00::/7,fe80::/10,::ffff:0:0/96 \
+    DOT_VERBOSITY=1 \
+    DOT_VERBOSITY_DETAILS=0 \
+    DOT_VALIDATION_LOGLEVEL=0 \
+    DOT_CACHING=on \
+    DOT_IPV6=off \
+    BLOCK_MALICIOUS=on \
+    BLOCK_SURVEILLANCE=off \
+    BLOCK_ADS=off \
+    UNBLOCK= \
+    DNS_UPDATE_PERIOD=24h \
+    DNS_PLAINTEXT_ADDRESS=1.1.1.1 \
+    DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER=off \
+    # Firewall
+    FIREWALL=on \
+    EXTRA_SUBNETS= \
+    FIREWALL_VPN_INPUT_PORTS= \
+    FIREWALL_DEBUG=off \
+    # Tinyproxy
+    TINYPROXY=off \
+    TINYPROXY_LOG=Info \
+    TINYPROXY_PORT=8888 \
+    TINYPROXY_USER= \
+    TINYPROXY_PASSWORD= \
+    # Shadowsocks
+    SHADOWSOCKS=off \
+    SHADOWSOCKS_LOG=off \
+    SHADOWSOCKS_PORT=8388 \
+    SHADOWSOCKS_PASSWORD= \
+    SHADOWSOCKS_METHOD=chacha20-ietf-poly1305
+ENTRYPOINT ["/entrypoint"]
+EXPOSE 8000/tcp 8888/tcp 8388/tcp 8388/udp
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=10m --timeout=10s --start-period=30s --retries=2 CMD /entrypoint healthcheck
+RUN apk add -q --progress --no-cache --update openvpn ca-certificates iptables ip6tables unbound tinyproxy tzdata && \
+    rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* /etc/unbound/* /usr/sbin/unbound-* /etc/tinyproxy/tinyproxy.conf && \
+    deluser openvpn && \
+    deluser tinyproxy && \
+    deluser unbound
+COPY --from=builder /tmp/gobuild/entrypoint /entrypoint
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,127 +1,378 @@
 # Gluetun VPN client

-*Lightweight swiss-knife-like VPN client to tunnel to Cyberghost, ExpressVPN, FastestVPN,
-HideMyAss, IPVanish, IVPN, Mullvad, NordVPN, Perfect Privacy, Privado, Private Internet Access, PrivateVPN,
-ProtonVPN, PureVPN, Surfshark, TorGuard, VPNUnlimited, VyprVPN, WeVPN and Windscribe VPN servers
-using Go, OpenVPN or Wireguard, iptables, DNS over TLS, ShadowSocks and an HTTP proxy*
+*Lightweight swiss-knife-like VPN client to tunnel to Private Internet Access,
+Mullvad, Windscribe, Surfshark Cyberghost, VyprVPN, NordVPN and PureVPN VPN servers, using Go, OpenVPN,
+iptables, DNS over TLS, ShadowSocks and Tinyproxy*

-**ANNOUNCEMENT**: Large settings refactor merged on 2022-06-01, please file issues if you find any problem!
+**ANNOUNCEMENT**: *[Video of the Git history of Gluetun](https://youtu.be/khipOYJtGJ0)*

-![Title image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qdm12/gluetun/master/title.svg)
+<img height="250" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qdm12/gluetun/master/title.svg?sanitize=true">

-[![Build status](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
+[![Build status](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/workflows/Buildx%20latest/badge.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Buildx+latest%22)
+[![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/qmcgaw/private-internet-access.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/private-internet-access)
+[![Docker Stars](https://img.shields.io/docker/stars/qmcgaw/private-internet-access.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/private-internet-access)

-[![Docker pulls qmcgaw/gluetun](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/qmcgaw/gluetun.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun)
-[![Docker pulls qmcgaw/private-internet-access](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/qmcgaw/private-internet-access.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun)
-
-[![Docker stars qmcgaw/gluetun](https://img.shields.io/docker/stars/qmcgaw/gluetun.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun)
-[![Docker stars qmcgaw/private-internet-access](https://img.shields.io/docker/stars/qmcgaw/private-internet-access.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun)
-
-![Last release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/qdm12/gluetun?label=Last%20release)
-![Last Docker tag](https://img.shields.io/docker/v/qmcgaw/gluetun?sort=semver&label=Last%20Docker%20tag)
-[![Last release size](https://img.shields.io/docker/image-size/qmcgaw/gluetun?sort=semver&label=Last%20released%20image)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated)
-![GitHub last release date](https://img.shields.io/github/release-date/qdm12/gluetun?label=Last%20release%20date)
-![Commits since release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/qdm12/gluetun/latest?sort=semver)
-
-[![Latest size](https://img.shields.io/docker/image-size/qmcgaw/gluetun/latest?label=Latest%20image)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun/tags)
-
-[![GitHub last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/commits/master)
-[![GitHub commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/graphs/contributors)
-[![GitHub closed PRs](https://img.shields.io/github/issues-pr-closed/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aclosed)
+[![GitHub last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues)
+[![GitHub commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues)
 [![GitHub issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues)
-[![GitHub closed issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues-closed/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed)

-[![Lines of code](https://img.shields.io/tokei/lines/github/qdm12/gluetun)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun)
-![Code size](https://img.shields.io/github/languages/code-size/qdm12/gluetun)
-![GitHub repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/qdm12/gluetun)
-![Go version](https://img.shields.io/github/go-mod/go-version/qdm12/gluetun)
-
-![Visitors count](https://visitor-badge.laobi.icu/badge?page_id=gluetun.readme)
-
-## Quick links
-
- [Setup](#Setup)
- [Features](#Features)
- Problem?
-  - [Check the Wiki](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki)
-  - [Start a discussion](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/discussions)
-  - [Fix the Unraid template](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/discussions/550)
- Suggestion?
-  - [Create an issue](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues)
-  - [Join the Slack channel](https://join.slack.com/t/qdm12/shared_invite/enQtOTE0NjcxNTM1ODc5LTYyZmVlOTM3MGI4ZWU0YmJkMjUxNmQ4ODQ2OTAwYzMxMTlhY2Q1MWQyOWUyNjc2ODliNjFjMDUxNWNmNzk5MDk)
- Happy?
-  - Sponsor me on [github.com/sponsors/qdm12](https://github.com/sponsors/qdm12)
-  - Donate to [paypal.me/qmcgaw](https://www.paypal.me/qmcgaw)
-  - Drop me [an email](mailto:quentin.mcgaw@gmail.com)
- Video:
-
-  [![Video Gif](https://i.imgur.com/CetWunc.gif)](https://youtu.be/0F6I03LQcI4)
-
- [Substack Console interview](https://console.substack.com/p/console-72)
+[![Image size](https://images.microbadger.com/badges/image/qmcgaw/private-internet-access.svg)](https://microbadger.com/images/qmcgaw/private-internet-access)
+[![Image version](https://images.microbadger.com/badges/version/qmcgaw/private-internet-access.svg)](https://microbadger.com/images/qmcgaw/private-internet-access)
+[![Join Slack channel](https://img.shields.io/badge/slack-@qdm12-yellow.svg?logo=slack)](https://join.slack.com/t/qdm12/shared_invite/enQtOTE0NjcxNTM1ODc5LTYyZmVlOTM3MGI4ZWU0YmJkMjUxNmQ4ODQ2OTAwYzMxMTlhY2Q1MWQyOWUyNjc2ODliNjFjMDUxNWNmNzk5MDk)

 ## Features

- Based on Alpine 3.15 for a small Docker image of 29MB
- Supports: **Cyberghost**, **ExpressVPN**, **FastestVPN**, **HideMyAss**, **IPVanish**, **IVPN**, **Mullvad**, **NordVPN**, **Perfect Privacy**, **Privado**, **Private Internet Access**, **PrivateVPN**, **ProtonVPN**, **PureVPN**,  **Surfshark**, **TorGuard**, **VPNUnlimited**, **Vyprvpn**, **WeVPN**, **Windscribe** servers
- Supports OpenVPN for all providers listed
- Supports Wireguard both kernelspace and userspace
-  - For **Mullvad**, **Ivpn** and **Windscribe**
-  - For **Torguard**, **VPN Unlimited** and **WeVPN** using [the custom provider](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Custom-provider)
-  - For custom Wireguard configurations using [the custom provider](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Custom-provider)
-  - More in progress, see [#134](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues/134)
+- Based on Alpine 3.12 for a small Docker image of 52MB
+- Supports **Private Internet Access**, **Mullvad**, **Windscribe**, **Surfshark**, **Cyberghost**, **Vyprvpn**, **NordVPN** and **PureVPN** servers
+- Supports Openvpn only for now
 - DNS over TLS baked in with service provider(s) of your choice
 - DNS fine blocking of malicious/ads/surveillance hostnames and IP addresses, with live update every 24 hours
 - Choose the vpn network protocol, `udp` or `tcp`
 - Built in firewall kill switch to allow traffic only with needed the VPN servers and LAN devices
- Built in Shadowsocks proxy (protocol based on SOCKS5 with an encryption layer, tunnels TCP+UDP)
- Built in HTTP proxy (tunnels HTTP and HTTPS through TCP)
- [Connect other containers to it](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Connect-a-container-to-gluetun)
- [Connect LAN devices to it](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Connect-a-LAN-device-to-gluetun)
- Compatible with amd64, i686 (32 bit), **ARM** 64 bit, ARM 32 bit v6 and v7, and even ppc64le 🎆
- [Custom VPN server side port forwarding for Private Internet Access](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Private-internet-access#vpn-server-port-forwarding)
+- Built in SOCKS5 proxy (Shadowsocks, tunnels TCP+UDP)
+- Built in HTTP proxy (Tinyproxy, tunnels TCP)
+- [Connect other containers to it](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun#connect-to-it)
+- [Connect LAN devices to it](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun#connect-to-it)
+- Compatible with amd64, i686 (32 bit), **ARM** 64 bit, ARM 32 bit v6 and v7 🎆
+- VPN server side port forwarding for Private Internet Access and Vyprvpn
 - Possibility of split horizon DNS by selecting multiple DNS over TLS providers
- Unbound subprogram drops root privileges once launched
+- Subprograms all drop root privileges once launched
+- Subprograms output streams are all merged together
 - Can work as a Kubernetes sidecar container, thanks @rorph

 ## Setup

-🎉 There are now instructions specific to each VPN provider with examples to help you get started as quickly as possible!
+1. Requirements
+    - A VPN account with one of the service providers supported
+    - If you have a host or router firewall, please refer [to the firewall documentation](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/blob/master/doc/firewall.md)
+1. On some devices you may need to setup your tunnel kernel module on your host with `insmod /lib/modules/tun.ko` or `modprobe tun`
+    - *Synology users*: please read [this part of the Wiki](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Common-issues#synology)
+1. Launch the container with:

-Go to the [Wiki](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki)!
+    ```bash
+    docker run -d --name gluetun --cap-add=NET_ADMIN \
+    -e REGION="CA Montreal" -e USER=js89ds7 -e PASSWORD=8fd9s239G \
+    qmcgaw/private-internet-access
+    ```

-[🐛 Found a bug in the Wiki?!](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues/new?assignees=&labels=%F0%9F%93%84+Wiki+issue&template=wiki+issue.yml&title=Wiki+issue%3A+)
+    or use [docker-compose.yml](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/blob/master/docker-compose.yml) with:

-Here's a docker-compose.yml for the laziest:
+    ```bash
+    docker-compose up -d
+    ```

-```yml
-version: "3"
-services:
-  gluetun:
-    image: qmcgaw/gluetun
-    # container_name: gluetun
-    # line above must be uncommented to allow external containers to connect. See https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Connect-a-container-to-gluetun#external-container-to-gluetun
-    cap_add:
-      - NET_ADMIN
-    ports:
-      - 8888:8888/tcp # HTTP proxy
-      - 8388:8388/tcp # Shadowsocks
-      - 8388:8388/udp # Shadowsocks
-    volumes:
-      - /yourpath:/gluetun
-    environment:
-      # See https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki
-      - VPNSP=ivpn
-      - VPN_TYPE=openvpn
-      # OpenVPN:
-      - OPENVPN_USER=
-      - OPENVPN_PASSWORD=
-      # Wireguard:
-      # - WIREGUARD_PRIVATE_KEY=wOEI9rqqbDwnN8/Bpp22sVz48T71vJ4fYmFWujulwUU=
-      # - WIREGUARD_ADDRESS=10.64.222.21/32
-      # Timezone for accurate log times
-      - TZ=
+    Note that you can:
+
+    - Change the many [environment variables](#environment-variables) available
+    - Use `-p 8888:8888/tcp` to access the HTTP web proxy (and put your LAN in `EXTRA_SUBNETS` environment variable, in example `192.168.1.0/24`)
+    - Use `-p 8388:8388/tcp -p 8388:8388/udp` to access the SOCKS5 proxy (and put your LAN in `EXTRA_SUBNETS` environment variable, in example `192.168.1.0/24`)
+    - Use `-p 8000:8000/tcp` to access the [HTTP control server](#HTTP-control-server) built-in
+
+    **If you encounter an issue with the tun device not being available, see [the FAQ](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/blob/master/doc/faq.md#how-to-fix-openvpn-failing-to-start)**
+
+1. You can update the image with `docker pull qmcgaw/private-internet-access:latest`. See the [wiki](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Common-issues#use-a-release-tag) for more information on other tags available.
+
+## Testing
+
+Check the VPN IP address matches your expectations
+
+```sh
+docker run --rm --network=container:gluetun alpine:3.12 wget -qO- https://ipinfo.io
 ```

+Want more testing? ▶ [see the Wiki](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Testing)
+
+## Environment variables
+
+**TLDR**; only set the 🏁 marked environment variables to get started.
+
+### VPN
+
+| Variable | Default | Choices | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| 🏁 `VPNSP` | `private internet access` | `private internet access`, `mullvad`, `windscribe`, `surfshark`, `vyprvpn`, `nordvpn`, `purevpn` | VPN Service Provider |
+| `IP_STATUS_FILE` | `/ip` | Any filepath | Filepath to store the public IP address assigned |
+| `PROTOCOL` | `udp` | `udp` or `tcp` | Network protocol to use |
+| `OPENVPN_VERBOSITY` | `1` | `0` to `6` | Openvpn verbosity level |
+| `OPENVPN_ROOT` | `no` | `yes` or `no` | Run OpenVPN as root |
+| `OPENVPN_TARGET_IP` | | Valid IP address | Specify a target VPN server (or gateway) IP address to use |
+| `OPENVPN_CIPHER` | | i.e. `aes-256-gcm` | Specify a custom cipher to use. It will also set `ncp-disable` if using AES GCM for PIA |
+| `OPENVPN_AUTH` | | i.e. `sha256` | Specify a custom auth algorithm to use |
+
+*For all providers below, server location parameters are all optional. By default a random server is picked using the filter settings provided.*
+
+- Private Internet Access
+
+    | Variable | Default | Choices | Description |
+    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+    | 🏁 `USER` | | | Your username |
+    | 🏁 `PASSWORD` | | | Your password |
+    | `REGION` | | One of the [PIA regions](https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/pages/network/) | VPN server region |
+    | `PIA_ENCRYPTION` | `strong` | `normal`, `strong` | Encryption preset |
+    | `PORT_FORWARDING` | `off` | `on`, `off` | Enable port forwarding on the VPN server |
+    | `PORT_FORWARDING_STATUS_FILE` | `/forwarded_port` | Any filepath | Filepath to store the forwarded port number |
+
+- Mullvad
+
+    | Variable | Default | Choices | Description |
+    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+    | 🏁 `USER` | | | Your user ID |
+    | `COUNTRY` | | One of the [Mullvad countries](https://mullvad.net/en/servers/#openvpn) | VPN server country |
+    | `CITY` | | One of the [Mullvad cities](https://mullvad.net/en/servers/#openvpn) | VPN server city |
+    | `ISP` | | One of the [Mullvad ISP](https://mullvad.net/en/servers/#openvpn) | VPN server ISP |
+    | `PORT` | | `80` or `443` for TCP; or `53` for UDP. Leave blank for default Mullvad server port | Custom VPN port to use |
+
+- Windscribe
+
+    | Variable | Default | Choices | Description |
+    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+    | 🏁 `USER` | | | Your username |
+    | 🏁 `PASSWORD` | | | Your password |
+    | `REGION` | | One of the [Windscribe regions](https://windscribe.com/status) | VPN server region |
+    | `PORT` | | One from the [this list of ports](https://windscribe.com/getconfig/openvpn) | Custom VPN port to use |
+
+- Surfshark
+
+    | Variable | Default | Choices | Description |
+    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+    | 🏁 `USER` | | | Your **service** username, found at the bottom of the [manual setup page](https://account.surfshark.com/setup/manual) |
+    | 🏁 `PASSWORD` | | | Your **service** password |
+    | `REGION` | | One of the [Surfshark regions](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/surfshark) | VPN server region |
+
+- Cyberghost
+
+    | Variable | Default | Choices | Description |
+    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+    | 🏁 `USER` | | | Your username |
+    | 🏁 `PASSWORD` | | | Your password |
+    | 🏁 `CLIENT_KEY` | | | Your device client key content, **see below** |
+    | `REGION` | | One of the [Cyberghost countries](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Cyberghost#regions) | VPN server country |
+    | `CYBERGHOST_GROUP` | `Premium UDP Europe` | One of the [server groups](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Cyberghost#server-groups) | Server group |
+
+    To specify your client key, you can either:
+
+    - Bind mount it at `/files/client.key`, for example with `-v /yourpath/client.key:/files/client.key:ro`
+    - Convert it to a single line value using:
+
+        ```sh
+        docker run -it --rm -v /yourpath/client.key:/files/client.key:ro qmcgaw/private-internet-access clientkey
+        ```
+
+        And use the line produced as the value for the environment variable `CLIENT_KEY`.
+
+- Vyprvpn
+
+    | Variable | Default | Choices | Description |
+    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+    | 🏁 `USER` | | | Your username |
+    | 🏁 `PASSWORD` | | | Your password |
+    | `REGION` | | One of the [VyprVPN regions](https://www.vyprvpn.com/server-locations) | VPN server region |
+
+- NordVPN
+
+    | Variable | Default | Choices | Description |
+    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+    | 🏁 `USER` | | | Your username |
+    | 🏁 `PASSWORD` | | | Your password |
+    | `REGION` | | One of the NordVPN server country, i.e. `Switzerland` | VPN server country |
+    | `SERVER_NUMBER` | | Server integer number | Optional server number. For example `251` for `Italy #251` |
+
+- PureVPN
+
+    | Variable | Default | Choices | Description |
+    | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+    | 🏁 `USER` | | | Your user ID |
+    | 🏁 `REGION` | | One of the [PureVPN regions](https://support.purevpn.com/vpn-servers) | VPN server region |
+    | `COUNTRY` | | One of the [PureVPN countries](https://support.purevpn.com/vpn-servers) | VPN server country |
+    | `CITY` | | One of the [PureVPN cities](https://support.purevpn.com/vpn-servers) | VPN server city |
+
+### DNS over TLS
+
+None of the following values are required.
+
+| Variable | Default | Choices | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `DOT` | `on` | `on`, `off` | Activate DNS over TLS with Unbound |
+| `DOT_PROVIDERS` | `cloudflare` | `cloudflare`, `google`, `quad9`, `quadrant`, `cleanbrowsing`, `securedns`, `libredns` | Comma delimited list of DNS over TLS providers |
+| `DOT_CACHING` | `on` | `on`, `off` | Unbound caching |
+| `DOT_IPV6` | `off` | `on`, `off` | DNS IPv6 resolution |
+| `DOT_PRIVATE_ADDRESS` | All private CIDRs ranges | | Comma separated list of CIDRs or single IP addresses Unbound won't resolve to. Note that the default setting prevents DNS rebinding |
+| `DOT_VERBOSITY` | `1` | `0` to `5` | Unbound verbosity level |
+| `DOT_VERBOSITY_DETAILS` | `0` | `0` to `4` | Unbound details verbosity level |
+| `DOT_VALIDATION_LOGLEVEL` | `0` | `0` to `2` | Unbound validation log level |
+| `DNS_UPDATE_PERIOD` | `24h` | i.e. `0`, `30s`, `5m`, `24h` | Period to update block lists and cryptographic files and restart Unbound. Set to `0` to deactivate updates |
+| `BLOCK_MALICIOUS` | `on` | `on`, `off` | Block malicious hostnames and IPs with Unbound |
+| `BLOCK_SURVEILLANCE` | `off` | `on`, `off` | Block surveillance hostnames and IPs with Unbound |
+| `BLOCK_ADS` | `off` | `on`, `off` | Block ads hostnames and IPs with Unbound |
+| `UNBLOCK` | |i.e. `domain1.com,x.domain2.co.uk` | Comma separated list of domain names to leave unblocked with Unbound |
+| `DNS_PLAINTEXT_ADDRESS` | `1.1.1.1` | Any IP address | IP address to use as DNS resolver if `DOT` is `off` |
+| `DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER` | `off` | `on` or `off` | Keep the nameservers in /etc/resolv.conf untouched, but disabled DNS blocking features |
+
+### Firewall
+
+That one is important if you want to connect to the container from your LAN for example, using Shadowsocks or Tinyproxy.
+
+| Variable | Default | Choices | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `FIREWALL` | `on` | `on` or `off` | Turn on or off the container built-in firewall. You should use it for **debugging purposes** only. |
+| `EXTRA_SUBNETS` | | i.e. `192.168.1.0/24,192.168.10.121,10.0.0.5/28` | Comma separated subnets allowed in the container firewall |
+| `FIREWALL_VPN_INPUT_PORTS` | | i.e. `1000,8080` | Comma separated list of ports to allow from the VPN server side (useful for **vyprvpn** port forwarding) |
+| `FIREWALL_DEBUG` | `off` | `on` or `off` | Prints every firewall related command. You should use it for **debugging purposes** only. |
+
+### Shadowsocks
+
+| Variable | Default | Choices | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `SHADOWSOCKS` | `off` | `on`, `off` | Enable the internal SOCKS5 proxy Shadowsocks |
+| `SHADOWSOCKS_LOG` | `off` | `on`, `off` | Enable logging |
+| `SHADOWSOCKS_PORT` | `8388` | `1024` to `65535` | Internal port number for Shadowsocks to listen on |
+| `SHADOWSOCKS_PASSWORD` | |  | Password to use to connect to Shadowsocks |
+| `SHADOWSOCKS_METHOD` | `chacha20-ietf-poly1305` | `chacha20-ietf-poly1305`, `aes-128-gcm`, `aes-256-gcm` | Method to use for Shadowsocks |
+
+### Tinyproxy
+
+| Variable | Default | Choices | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `TINYPROXY` | `off` | `on`, `off` | Enable the internal HTTP proxy tinyproxy |
+| `TINYPROXY_LOG` | `Info` | `Info`, `Connect`, `Notice`, `Warning`, `Error`, `Critical` | Tinyproxy log level |
+| `TINYPROXY_PORT` | `8888` | `1024` to `65535` | Internal port number for Tinyproxy to listen on |
+| `TINYPROXY_USER` | | | Username to use to connect to Tinyproxy |
+| `TINYPROXY_PASSWORD` | | | Password to use to connect to Tinyproxy |
+
+### System
+
+| Variable | Default | Choices | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `TZ` | | i.e. `Europe/London` | Specify a timezone to use to have correct log times |
+| `UID` | `1000` | | User ID to run as non root and for ownership of files written |
+| `GID` | `1000` | | Group ID to run as non root and for ownership of files written |
+
+### Other
+
+| Variable | Default | Choices | Description |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| `PUBLICIP_PERIOD` | `12h` | Valid duration | Period to check for public IP address. Set to `0` to disable. |
+
+## Connect to it
+
+There are various ways to achieve this, depending on your use case.
+
+- <details><summary>Connect containers in the same docker-compose.yml as Gluetun</summary><p>
+
+    Add `network_mode: "service:gluetun"` to your *docker-compose.yml* (no need for `depends_on`)
+
+    </p></details>
+- <details><summary>Connect other containers to Gluetun</summary><p>
+
+    Add `--network=container:gluetun` when launching the container, provided Gluetun is already running
+
+    </p></details>
+- <details><summary>Connect containers from another docker-compose.yml</summary><p>
+
+    Add `network_mode: "container:gluetun"` to your *docker-compose.yml*, provided Gluetun is already running
+
+    </p></details>
+- <details><summary>Connect LAN devices through the built-in HTTP proxy *Tinyproxy* (i.e. with Chrome, Kodi, etc.)</summary><p>
+
+    You might want to use Shadowsocks instead which tunnels UDP as well as TCP, whereas Tinyproxy only tunnels TCP.
+
+    1. Setup a HTTP proxy client, such as [SwitchyOmega for Chrome](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/proxy-switchyomega/padekgcemlokbadohgkifijomclgjgif?hl=en)
+    1. Ensure the Gluetun container is launched with:
+        - port `8888` published `-p 8888:8888/tcp`
+        - your LAN subnet, i.e. `192.168.1.0/24`, set as `-e EXTRA_SUBNETS=192.168.1.0/24`
+    1. With your HTTP proxy client, connect to the Docker host (i.e. `192.168.1.10`) on port `8888`. You need to enter your credentials if you set them with `TINYPROXY_USER` and `TINYPROXY_PASSWORD`.
+    1. If you set `TINYPROXY_LOG` to `Info`, more information will be logged in the Docker logs
+
+    </p></details>
+- <details><summary>Connect LAN devices through the built-in SOCKS5 proxy *Shadowsocks* (per app, system wide, etc.)</summary><p>
+
+    1. Setup a SOCKS5 proxy client, there is a list of [ShadowSocks clients for **all platforms**](https://shadowsocks.org/en/download/clients.html)
+        - **note** some clients do not tunnel UDP so your DNS queries will be done locally and not through Gluetun and its built in DNS over TLS
+        - Clients that support such UDP tunneling are, as far as I know:
+            - iOS: Potatso Lite
+            - OSX: ShadowsocksX
+            - Android: Shadowsocks by Max Lv
+    1. Ensure the Gluetun container is launched with:
+        - port `8388` published `-p 8388:8388/tcp -p 8388:8388/udp`
+        - your LAN subnet, i.e. `192.168.1.0/24`, set as `-e EXTRA_SUBNETS=192.168.1.0/24`
+    1. With your SOCKS5 proxy client
+        - Enter the Docker host (i.e. `192.168.1.10`) as the server IP
+        - Enter port TCP (and UDP, if available) `8388` as the server port
+        - Use the password you have set with `SHADOWSOCKS_PASSWORD`
+        - Choose the encryption method/algorithm to the method you specified in `SHADOWSOCKS_METHOD`
+    1. If you set `SHADOWSOCKS_LOG` to `on`, (a lot) more information will be logged in the Docker logs
+
+    </p></details>
+- <details><summary>Access ports of containers connected to Gluetun</summary><p>
+
+    In example, to access port `8000` of container `xyz`  and `9000` of container `abc` connected to Gluetun,
+    publish ports `8000` and `9000` for the Gluetun container and access them as you would with any other container
+
+    </p></details>
+- <details><summary>Access ports of containers connected to Gluetun, all in the same docker-compose.yml</summary><p>
+
+    In example, to access port `8000` of container `xyz`  and `9000` of container `abc` connected to Gluetun, publish port `8000` and `9000` for the Gluetun container.
+    The docker-compose.yml file would look like:
+
+    ```yml
+    version: '3.7'
+    services:
+      gluetun:
+        image: qmcgaw/private-internet-access
+        container_name: gluetun
+        cap_add:
+          - NET_ADMIN
+        environment:
+          - USER=js89ds7
+          - PASSWORD=8fd9s239G
+        ports:
+          - 8000:8000/tcp
+          - 9000:9000/tcp
+      abc:
+        image: abc
+        container_name: abc
+        network_mode: "service:gluetun"
+      xyz:
+        image: xyz
+        container_name: xyz
+        network_mode: "service:gluetun"
+    ```
+
+    </p></details>
+
+## Private Internet Access port forwarding
+
+Note that [not all regions support port forwarding](https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/helpdesk/kb/articles/how-do-i-enable-port-forwarding-on-my-vpn).
+
+When `PORT_FORWARDING=on`, a port will be forwarded on the VPN server side and written to the file specified by `PORT_FORWARDING_STATUS_FILE=/forwarded_port`.
+It can be useful to mount this file as a volume to read it from other containers, for example to configure a torrenting client.
+
+You can also use the HTTP control server (see below) to get the port forwarded.
+
+## HTTP control server
+
+See [its Wiki page](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/HTTP-control-server)
+
+## Development and contributing
+
+- Contribute with code: see [the Wiki](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Contributing).
+- [The list of existing contributors 👍](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md#Contributors)
+- [Github workflows](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/actions) to know what's building
+- [List of issues and feature requests](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues)
+
 ## License

-[![MIT](https://img.shields.io/github/license/qdm12/gluetun)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/master/LICENSE)
+This repository is under an [MIT license](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/master/license)
+
+## Support
+
+Sponsor me on [Github](https://github.com/sponsors/qdm12), donate to [paypal.me/qmcgaw](https://www.paypal.me/qmcgaw) or subscribe to a VPN provider through one of my affiliate links:
+
+[![https://github.com/sponsors/qdm12](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qdm12/gluetun/master/doc/sponsors.jpg)](https://github.com/sponsors/qdm12)
+[![https://www.paypal.me/qmcgaw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qdm12/gluetun/master/doc/paypal.jpg)](https://www.paypal.me/qmcgaw)
+
+[![https://windscribe.com/?affid=mh7nyafu](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qdm12/gluetun/master/doc/windscribe.jpg)](https://windscribe.com/?affid=mh7nyafu)
+
+Feel also free to have a look at [the Kanban board](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/projects/1) and [contribute](#Development-and-contributing) to the code or the issues discussion.
+
+Many thanks to @Frepke, @Ralph521, G. Mendez, M. Otmar Weber, J. Perez and A. Cooper for supporting me financially 🥇👍
--- a/cmd/gluetun/main.go
+++ b/cmd/gluetun/main.go
@@ -2,464 +2,324 @@ package main

 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
-	_ "time/tzdata"

-	_ "github.com/breml/rootcerts"
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/unbound"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/alpine"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/cli"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources/env"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources/files"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources/mux"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources/secrets"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/dns"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/firewall"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/healthcheck"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/httpproxy"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/netlink"
+	gluetunLogging "github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/logging"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/openvpn"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/portforward"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/params"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/publicip"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/routing"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/server"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/settings"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/shadowsocks"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/storage"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/tun"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/vpn"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/tinyproxy"
 	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/command"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/files"
 	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
-	"github.com/qdm12/goshutdown"
-	"github.com/qdm12/goshutdown/goroutine"
-	"github.com/qdm12/goshutdown/group"
-	"github.com/qdm12/goshutdown/order"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosplash"
-	"github.com/qdm12/updated/pkg/dnscrypto"
-)
-
-//nolint:gochecknoglobals
-var (
-	version = "unknown"
-	commit  = "unknown"
-	created = "an unknown date"
-)
-
-var (
-	errSetupRouting = errors.New("cannot setup routing")
-	errCreateUser   = errors.New("cannot create user")
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/network"
 )

 func main() {
-	buildInfo := models.BuildInformation{
-		Version: version,
-		Commit:  commit,
-		Created: created,
-	}
-
-	background := context.Background()
-	signalCtx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(background, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM, os.Interrupt)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(background)
-
-	logger := logging.New(logging.Settings{
-		Level: logging.LevelInfo,
-	})
-
-	args := os.Args
-	tun := tun.New()
-	netLinker := netlink.New()
-	cli := cli.New()
-	cmder := command.NewCmder()
-
-	envReader := env.New(logger)
-	filesReader := files.New()
-	secretsReader := secrets.New()
-	muxReader := mux.New(envReader, filesReader, secretsReader)
-
-	errorCh := make(chan error)
-	go func() {
-		errorCh <- _main(ctx, buildInfo, args, logger, muxReader, tun, netLinker, cmder, cli)
-	}()
-
-	select {
-	case <-signalCtx.Done():
-		stop()
-		fmt.Println("")
-		logger.Warn("Caught OS signal, shutting down")
-		cancel()
-	case err := <-errorCh:
-		stop()
-		close(errorCh)
-		if err == nil { // expected exit such as healthcheck
-			os.Exit(0)
-		}
-		logger.Error(err.Error())
-		cancel()
-	}
-
-	const shutdownGracePeriod = 5 * time.Second
-	timer := time.NewTimer(shutdownGracePeriod)
-	select {
-	case <-errorCh:
-		if !timer.Stop() {
-			<-timer.C
-		}
-		logger.Info("Shutdown successful")
-	case <-timer.C:
-		logger.Warn("Shutdown timed out")
-	}
-
-	os.Exit(1)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	os.Exit(_main(ctx, os.Args))
 }

-var (
-	errCommandUnknown = errors.New("command is unknown")
-)
-
-//nolint:gocognit,gocyclo
-func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
-	args []string, logger logging.ParentLogger, source sources.Source,
-	tun tun.Interface, netLinker netlink.NetLinker, cmder command.RunStarter,
-	cli cli.CLIer) error {
+func _main(background context.Context, args []string) int {
 	if len(args) > 1 { // cli operation
+		var err error
 		switch args[1] {
 		case "healthcheck":
-			return cli.HealthCheck(ctx, source, logger)
+			err = cli.HealthCheck()
 		case "clientkey":
-			return cli.ClientKey(args[2:])
+			err = cli.ClientKey(args[2:])
 		case "openvpnconfig":
-			return cli.OpenvpnConfig(logger, source)
-		case "update":
-			return cli.Update(ctx, args[2:], logger)
-		case "format-servers":
-			return cli.FormatServers(args[2:])
+			err = cli.OpenvpnConfig()
 		default:
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", errCommandUnknown, args[1])
+			err = fmt.Errorf("command %q is unknown", args[1])
 		}
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Println(err)
+			return 1
+		}
+		return 0
 	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(background)
+	defer cancel()
+	logger := createLogger()

-	announcementExp, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, "2021-02-15T00:00:00Z")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	splashSettings := gosplash.Settings{
-		User:         "qdm12",
-		Repository:   "gluetun",
-		Emails:       []string{"quentin.mcgaw@gmail.com"},
-		Version:      buildInfo.Version,
-		Commit:       buildInfo.Commit,
-		BuildDate:    buildInfo.Created,
-		Announcement: "Large settings parsing refactoring merged on 2022-01-06, please report any issue!",
-		AnnounceExp:  announcementExp,
-		// Sponsor information
-		PaypalUser:    "qmcgaw",
-		GithubSponsor: "qdm12",
-	}
-	for _, line := range gosplash.MakeLines(splashSettings) {
-		fmt.Println(line)
-	}
+	fatalOnError := makeFatalOnError(logger, cancel)

-	allSettings, err := source.Read()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// TODO run this in a loop or in openvpn to reload from file without restarting
-	storageLogger := logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "storage: "})
-	storage, err := storage.New(storageLogger, constants.ServersData)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	allServers := storage.GetServers()
-
-	err = allSettings.Validate(allServers)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	logger.PatchLevel(*allSettings.Log.Level)
-
-	puid, pgid := int(*allSettings.System.PUID), int(*allSettings.System.PGID)
-
-	const clientTimeout = 15 * time.Second
-	httpClient := &http.Client{Timeout: clientTimeout}
+	client := network.NewClient(15 * time.Second)
 	// Create configurators
-	alpineConf := alpine.New()
-	ovpnConf := openvpn.New(
-		logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "openvpn configurator: "}),
-		cmder, puid, pgid)
-	dnsCrypto := dnscrypto.New(httpClient, "", "")
-	const cacertsPath = "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt"
-	dnsConf := unbound.NewConfigurator(nil, cmder, dnsCrypto,
-		"/etc/unbound", "/usr/sbin/unbound", cacertsPath)
+	fileManager := files.NewFileManager()
+	alpineConf := alpine.NewConfigurator(fileManager)
+	ovpnConf := openvpn.NewConfigurator(logger, fileManager)
+	dnsConf := dns.NewConfigurator(logger, client, fileManager)
+	routingConf := routing.NewRouting(logger, fileManager)
+	firewallConf := firewall.NewConfigurator(logger, routingConf, fileManager)
+	tinyProxyConf := tinyproxy.NewConfigurator(fileManager, logger)
+	streamMerger := command.NewStreamMerger()

-	err = printVersions(ctx, logger, []printVersionElement{
-		{name: "Alpine", getVersion: alpineConf.Version},
-		{name: "OpenVPN 2.4", getVersion: ovpnConf.Version24},
-		{name: "OpenVPN 2.5", getVersion: ovpnConf.Version25},
-		{name: "Unbound", getVersion: dnsConf.Version},
-		{name: "IPtables", getVersion: func(ctx context.Context) (version string, err error) {
-			return firewall.Version(ctx, cmder)
-		}},
+	paramsReader := params.NewReader(logger, fileManager)
+	fmt.Println(gluetunLogging.Splash(
+		paramsReader.GetVersion(),
+		paramsReader.GetVcsRef(),
+		paramsReader.GetBuildDate()))
+
+	printVersions(ctx, logger, map[string]func(ctx context.Context) (string, error){
+		"OpenVPN":   ovpnConf.Version,
+		"Unbound":   dnsConf.Version,
+		"IPtables":  firewallConf.Version,
+		"TinyProxy": tinyProxyConf.Version,
 	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}

+	allSettings, err := settings.GetAllSettings(paramsReader)
+	fatalOnError(err)
 	logger.Info(allSettings.String())

-	if err := os.MkdirAll("/tmp/gluetun", 0644); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := os.MkdirAll("/gluetun", 0644); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	// Should never change
+	uid, gid := allSettings.System.UID, allSettings.System.GID

-	const defaultUsername = "nonrootuser"
-	nonRootUsername, err := alpineConf.CreateUser(defaultUsername, puid)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", errCreateUser, err)
-	}
-	if nonRootUsername != defaultUsername {
-		logger.Info("using existing username " + nonRootUsername + " corresponding to user id " + fmt.Sprint(puid))
-	}
-	// set it for Unbound
-	// TODO remove this when migrating to qdm12/dns v2
-	allSettings.DNS.DoT.Unbound.Username = nonRootUsername
-	allSettings.VPN.OpenVPN.ProcUser = nonRootUsername
+	err = alpineConf.CreateUser("nonrootuser", uid)
+	fatalOnError(err)
+	err = fileManager.SetOwnership("/etc/unbound", uid, gid)
+	fatalOnError(err)
+	err = fileManager.SetOwnership("/etc/tinyproxy", uid, gid)
+	fatalOnError(err)

-	if err := os.Chown("/etc/unbound", puid, pgid); err != nil {
-		return err
+	if allSettings.Firewall.Debug {
+		firewallConf.SetDebug()
+		routingConf.SetDebug()
 	}

-	firewallLogLevel := *allSettings.Log.Level
-	if *allSettings.Firewall.Debug {
-		firewallLogLevel = logging.LevelDebug
-	}
-	routingLogger := logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{
-		Prefix: "routing: ",
-		Level:  firewallLogLevel,
-	})
-	routingConf := routing.New(netLinker, routingLogger)
-
 	defaultInterface, defaultGateway, err := routingConf.DefaultRoute()
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fatalOnError(err)
 	}

-	localNetworks, err := routingConf.LocalNetworks()
+	localSubnet, err := routingConf.LocalSubnet()
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		fatalOnError(err)
 	}

-	defaultIP, err := routingConf.DefaultIP()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+	firewallConf.SetNetworkInformation(defaultInterface, defaultGateway, localSubnet)
+
+	if err := ovpnConf.CheckTUN(); err != nil {
+		logger.Warn(err)
+		err = ovpnConf.CreateTUN()
+		fatalOnError(err)
 	}

-	firewallLogger := logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{
-		Prefix: "firewall: ",
-		Level:  firewallLogLevel,
-	})
-	firewallConf := firewall.NewConfig(firewallLogger, cmder,
-		defaultInterface, defaultGateway, localNetworks, defaultIP)
-
-	if err := routingConf.Setup(); err != nil {
-		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "operation not permitted") {
-			logger.Warn("💡 Tip: Are you passing NET_ADMIN capability to gluetun?")
-		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", errSetupRouting, err)
+	connectedCh := make(chan struct{})
+	signalConnected := func() {
+		connectedCh <- struct{}{}
 	}
-	defer func() {
-		logger.Info("routing cleanup...")
-		if err := routingConf.TearDown(); err != nil {
-			logger.Error("cannot teardown routing: " + err.Error())
+	defer close(connectedCh)
+	go collectStreamLines(ctx, streamMerger, logger, signalConnected)
+
+	if allSettings.Firewall.Enabled {
+		err := firewallConf.SetEnabled(ctx, true) // disabled by default
+		fatalOnError(err)
+	}
+
+	err = firewallConf.SetAllowedSubnets(ctx, allSettings.Firewall.AllowedSubnets)
+	fatalOnError(err)
+
+	for _, vpnPort := range allSettings.Firewall.VPNInputPorts {
+		err = firewallConf.SetAllowedPort(ctx, vpnPort, string(constants.TUN))
+		fatalOnError(err)
+	}
+
+	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
+
+	openvpnLooper := openvpn.NewLooper(allSettings.VPNSP, allSettings.OpenVPN, uid, gid,
+		ovpnConf, firewallConf, logger, client, fileManager, streamMerger, fatalOnError)
+	restartOpenvpn := openvpnLooper.Restart
+	portForward := openvpnLooper.PortForward
+	getOpenvpnSettings := openvpnLooper.GetSettings
+	getPortForwarded := openvpnLooper.GetPortForwarded
+	// wait for restartOpenvpn
+	go openvpnLooper.Run(ctx, wg)
+
+	unboundLooper := dns.NewLooper(dnsConf, allSettings.DNS, logger, streamMerger, uid, gid)
+	restartUnbound := unboundLooper.Restart
+	// wait for restartUnbound
+	go unboundLooper.Run(ctx, wg)
+
+	publicIPLooper := publicip.NewLooper(client, logger, fileManager, allSettings.System.IPStatusFilepath, allSettings.PublicIPPeriod, uid, gid)
+	restartPublicIP := publicIPLooper.Restart
+	setPublicIPPeriod := publicIPLooper.SetPeriod
+	go publicIPLooper.Run(ctx)
+	go publicIPLooper.RunRestartTicker(ctx)
+	setPublicIPPeriod(allSettings.PublicIPPeriod) // call after RunRestartTicker
+
+	tinyproxyLooper := tinyproxy.NewLooper(tinyProxyConf, firewallConf, allSettings.TinyProxy, logger, streamMerger, uid, gid, defaultInterface)
+	restartTinyproxy := tinyproxyLooper.Restart
+	go tinyproxyLooper.Run(ctx, wg)
+
+	shadowsocksLooper := shadowsocks.NewLooper(firewallConf, allSettings.ShadowSocks, logger, defaultInterface)
+	restartShadowsocks := shadowsocksLooper.Restart
+	go shadowsocksLooper.Run(ctx, wg)
+
+	if allSettings.TinyProxy.Enabled {
+		restartTinyproxy()
+	}
+	if allSettings.ShadowSocks.Enabled {
+		restartShadowsocks()
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		var restartTickerContext context.Context
+		var restartTickerCancel context.CancelFunc = func() {}
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				restartTickerCancel()
+				return
+			case <-connectedCh: // blocks until openvpn is connected
+				restartTickerCancel()
+				restartTickerContext, restartTickerCancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+				go unboundLooper.RunRestartTicker(restartTickerContext)
+				onConnected(allSettings, logger, routingConf, portForward, restartUnbound, restartPublicIP)
+			}
 		}
 	}()

-	if err := firewallConf.SetOutboundSubnets(ctx, allSettings.Firewall.OutboundSubnets); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := routingConf.SetOutboundRoutes(allSettings.Firewall.OutboundSubnets); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	httpServer := server.New("0.0.0.0:8000", logger, restartOpenvpn, restartUnbound, getOpenvpnSettings, getPortForwarded)
+	go httpServer.Run(ctx, wg)

-	if err := tun.Check(constants.TunnelDevice); err != nil {
-		logger.Info(err.Error() + "; creating it...")
-		err = tun.Create(constants.TunnelDevice)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
+	// Start openvpn for the first time
+	restartOpenvpn()
+
+	signalsCh := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+	signal.Notify(signalsCh,
+		syscall.SIGINT,
+		syscall.SIGTERM,
+		os.Interrupt,
+	)
+	shutdownErrorsCount := 0
+	select {
+	case signal := <-signalsCh:
+		logger.Warn("Caught OS signal %s, shutting down", signal)
+		cancel()
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		logger.Warn("context canceled, shutting down")
+	}
+	logger.Info("Clearing ip status file %s", allSettings.System.IPStatusFilepath)
+	if err := fileManager.Remove(string(allSettings.System.IPStatusFilepath)); err != nil {
+		logger.Error(err)
+		shutdownErrorsCount++
+	}
+	if allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.PortForwarding.Enabled {
+		logger.Info("Clearing forwarded port status file %s", allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.PortForwarding.Filepath)
+		if err := fileManager.Remove(string(allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.PortForwarding.Filepath)); err != nil {
+			logger.Error(err)
+			shutdownErrorsCount++
 		}
 	}
+	waiting, waited := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+	go func() {
+		defer waited()
+		wg.Wait()
+	}()
+	<-waiting.Done()
+	if waiting.Err() == context.DeadlineExceeded {
+		if shutdownErrorsCount > 0 {
+			logger.Warn("Shutdown had %d errors", shutdownErrorsCount)
+		}
+		logger.Warn("Shutdown timed out")
+		return 1
+	}
+	if shutdownErrorsCount > 0 {
+		logger.Warn("Shutdown had %d errors")
+		return 1
+	}
+	logger.Info("Shutdown successful")
+	return 0
+}

-	if *allSettings.Firewall.Enabled {
-		err := firewallConf.SetEnabled(ctx, true) // disabled by default
+func makeFatalOnError(logger logging.Logger, cancel context.CancelFunc) func(err error) {
+	return func(err error) {
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			logger.Error(err)
+			cancel()
 		}
 	}
+}

-	for _, port := range allSettings.Firewall.InputPorts {
-		err = firewallConf.SetAllowedPort(ctx, port, defaultInterface)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	} // TODO move inside firewall?
-
-	// Shutdown settings
-	const totalShutdownTimeout = 3 * time.Second
-	const defaultShutdownTimeout = 400 * time.Millisecond
-	defaultShutdownOnSuccess := func(goRoutineName string) {
-		logger.Info(goRoutineName + ": terminated ✔️")
+func createLogger() logging.Logger {
+	logger, err := logging.NewLogger(logging.ConsoleEncoding, logging.InfoLevel, -1)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
 	}
-	defaultShutdownOnFailure := func(goRoutineName string, err error) {
-		logger.Warn(goRoutineName + ": " + err.Error() + " ⚠️")
-	}
-	defaultGroupOptions := []group.Option{
-		group.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout),
-		group.OptionOnSuccess(defaultShutdownOnSuccess)}
-
-	controlGroupHandler := goshutdown.NewGroupHandler("control", defaultGroupOptions...)
-	tickersGroupHandler := goshutdown.NewGroupHandler("tickers", defaultGroupOptions...)
-	otherGroupHandler := goshutdown.NewGroupHandler("other", defaultGroupOptions...)
-
-	portForwardLogger := logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "port forwarding: "})
-	portForwardLooper := portforward.NewLoop(allSettings.VPN.Provider.PortForwarding,
-		httpClient, firewallConf, portForwardLogger)
-	portForwardHandler, portForwardCtx, portForwardDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"port forwarding", goroutine.OptionTimeout(time.Second))
-	go portForwardLooper.Run(portForwardCtx, portForwardDone)
-
-	unboundLogger := logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "dns over tls: "})
-	unboundLooper := dns.NewLoop(dnsConf, allSettings.DNS, httpClient,
-		unboundLogger)
-	dnsHandler, dnsCtx, dnsDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"unbound", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	// wait for unboundLooper.Restart or its ticker launched with RunRestartTicker
-	go unboundLooper.Run(dnsCtx, dnsDone)
-	otherGroupHandler.Add(dnsHandler)
-
-	dnsTickerHandler, dnsTickerCtx, dnsTickerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"dns ticker", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go unboundLooper.RunRestartTicker(dnsTickerCtx, dnsTickerDone)
-	controlGroupHandler.Add(dnsTickerHandler)
-
-	publicIPLooper := publicip.NewLoop(httpClient,
-		logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "ip getter: "}),
-		allSettings.PublicIP, puid, pgid)
-	pubIPHandler, pubIPCtx, pubIPDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"public IP", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go publicIPLooper.Run(pubIPCtx, pubIPDone)
-	otherGroupHandler.Add(pubIPHandler)
-
-	pubIPTickerHandler, pubIPTickerCtx, pubIPTickerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"public IP", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go publicIPLooper.RunRestartTicker(pubIPTickerCtx, pubIPTickerDone)
-	tickersGroupHandler.Add(pubIPTickerHandler)
-
-	vpnLogger := logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "vpn: "})
-	vpnLooper := vpn.NewLoop(allSettings.VPN, allSettings.Firewall.VPNInputPorts,
-		allServers, ovpnConf, netLinker, firewallConf, routingConf, portForwardLooper,
-		cmder, publicIPLooper, unboundLooper, vpnLogger, httpClient,
-		buildInfo, *allSettings.Version.Enabled)
-	vpnHandler, vpnCtx, vpnDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"vpn", goroutine.OptionTimeout(time.Second))
-	go vpnLooper.Run(vpnCtx, vpnDone)
-
-	updaterLooper := updater.NewLooper(allSettings.Updater,
-		allServers, storage, vpnLooper.SetServers, httpClient,
-		logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "updater: "}))
-	updaterHandler, updaterCtx, updaterDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"updater", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	// wait for updaterLooper.Restart() or its ticket launched with RunRestartTicker
-	go updaterLooper.Run(updaterCtx, updaterDone)
-	tickersGroupHandler.Add(updaterHandler)
-
-	updaterTickerHandler, updaterTickerCtx, updaterTickerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"updater ticker", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go updaterLooper.RunRestartTicker(updaterTickerCtx, updaterTickerDone)
-	controlGroupHandler.Add(updaterTickerHandler)
-
-	httpProxyLooper := httpproxy.NewLoop(
-		logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "http proxy: "}),
-		allSettings.HTTPProxy)
-	httpProxyHandler, httpProxyCtx, httpProxyDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"http proxy", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go httpProxyLooper.Run(httpProxyCtx, httpProxyDone)
-	otherGroupHandler.Add(httpProxyHandler)
-
-	shadowsocksLooper := shadowsocks.NewLooper(allSettings.Shadowsocks,
-		logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "shadowsocks: "}))
-	shadowsocksHandler, shadowsocksCtx, shadowsocksDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"shadowsocks proxy", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go shadowsocksLooper.Run(shadowsocksCtx, shadowsocksDone)
-	otherGroupHandler.Add(shadowsocksHandler)
-
-	controlServerAddress := fmt.Sprintf(":%d", *allSettings.ControlServer.Port)
-	controlServerLogging := *allSettings.ControlServer.Log
-	httpServerHandler, httpServerCtx, httpServerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"http server", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	httpServer := server.New(httpServerCtx, controlServerAddress, controlServerLogging,
-		logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "http server: "}),
-		buildInfo, vpnLooper, portForwardLooper, unboundLooper, updaterLooper, publicIPLooper)
-	go httpServer.Run(httpServerCtx, httpServerDone)
-	controlGroupHandler.Add(httpServerHandler)
-
-	healthLogger := logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "healthcheck: "})
-	healthcheckServer := healthcheck.NewServer(allSettings.Health, healthLogger, vpnLooper)
-	healthServerHandler, healthServerCtx, healthServerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"HTTP health server", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go healthcheckServer.Run(healthServerCtx, healthServerDone)
-
-	orderHandler := goshutdown.NewOrderHandler("gluetun",
-		order.OptionTimeout(totalShutdownTimeout),
-		order.OptionOnSuccess(defaultShutdownOnSuccess),
-		order.OptionOnFailure(defaultShutdownOnFailure))
-	orderHandler.Append(controlGroupHandler, tickersGroupHandler, healthServerHandler,
-		vpnHandler, portForwardHandler, otherGroupHandler)
-
-	// Start VPN for the first time in a blocking call
-	// until the VPN is launched
-	_, _ = vpnLooper.ApplyStatus(ctx, constants.Running) // TODO option to disable with variable
-
-	<-ctx.Done()
-
-	return orderHandler.Shutdown(context.Background())
+	return logger
 }

-type printVersionElement struct {
-	name       string
-	getVersion func(ctx context.Context) (version string, err error)
-}
-
-type infoer interface {
-	Info(s string)
-}
-
-func printVersions(ctx context.Context, logger infoer,
-	elements []printVersionElement) (err error) {
-	const timeout = 5 * time.Second
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
+func printVersions(ctx context.Context, logger logging.Logger, versionFunctions map[string]func(ctx context.Context) (string, error)) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
-
-	for _, element := range elements {
-		version, err := element.getVersion(ctx)
+	for name, f := range versionFunctions {
+		version, err := f(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			logger.Error(err)
+		} else {
+			logger.Info("%s version: %s", name, version)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func collectStreamLines(ctx context.Context, streamMerger command.StreamMerger, logger logging.Logger, signalConnected func()) {
+	// Blocking line merging paramsReader for all programs: openvpn, tinyproxy, unbound and shadowsocks
+	logger.Info("Launching standard output merger")
+	streamMerger.CollectLines(ctx, func(line string) {
+		line, level := gluetunLogging.PostProcessLine(line)
+		if line == "" {
+			return
+		}
+		switch level {
+		case logging.InfoLevel:
+			logger.Info(line)
+		case logging.WarnLevel:
+			logger.Warn(line)
+		case logging.ErrorLevel:
+			logger.Error(line)
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(line, "Initialization Sequence Completed") {
+			signalConnected()
+		}
+	}, func(err error) {
+		logger.Warn(err)
+	})
+}
+
+func onConnected(allSettings settings.Settings, logger logging.Logger, routingConf routing.Routing,
+	portForward, restartUnbound, restartPublicIP func(),
+) {
+	restartUnbound()
+	restartPublicIP()
+	if allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.PortForwarding.Enabled {
+		time.AfterFunc(5*time.Second, portForward)
+	}
+	defaultInterface, _, err := routingConf.DefaultRoute()
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Warn(err)
+	} else {
+		vpnGatewayIP, err := routingConf.VPNGatewayIP(defaultInterface)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.Warn(err)
+		} else {
+			logger.Info("Gateway VPN IP address: %s", vpnGatewayIP)
 		}
-		logger.Info(element.name + " version: " + version)
 	}
-
-	return nil
 }
--- a/cmd/hostfinder/main.go
+++ b/cmd/hostfinder/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"sort"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	os.Exit(_main(ctx))
+}
+
+func _main(ctx context.Context) int {
+	fmt.Println("Host finder for Cyberghost")
+	resolverAddress := flag.String("resolver", "1.1.1.1", "DNS Resolver IP address to use")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	resolver := newResolver(*resolverAddress)
+	lookupIP := newLookupIP(resolver)
+
+	const domain = "cg-dialup.net"
+	groups := getCyberghostGroups()
+	countryCodes := getCountryCodes()
+	type result struct {
+		groupName string
+		region    string
+		subdomain string
+		exists    bool
+	}
+	resultsChannel := make(chan result)
+	const maxGoroutines = 10
+	guard := make(chan struct{}, maxGoroutines)
+	fmt.Print("Subdomains found: ")
+	for groupName, groupID := range groups {
+		for country, countryCode := range countryCodes {
+			go func(groupName, groupID, country, countryCode string) {
+				r := result{
+					region:    country,
+					groupName: groupName,
+					subdomain: fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", groupID, countryCode),
+				}
+				fqdn := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", r.subdomain, domain)
+				guard <- struct{}{}
+				ips, err := lookupIP(ctx, fqdn)
+				<-guard
+				if err == nil && len(ips) > 0 {
+					r.exists = true
+				}
+				resultsChannel <- r
+			}(groupName, groupID, country, countryCode)
+		}
+	}
+	results := make([]result, len(groups)*len(countryCodes))
+	for i := range results {
+		results[i] = <-resultsChannel
+		fmt.Printf("%s ", results[i].subdomain)
+	}
+	fmt.Print("\n\n")
+	sort.Slice(results, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return results[i].region < results[j].region
+	})
+	for _, r := range results {
+		if r.exists {
+			// Use in resolver program
+			fmt.Printf("{subdomain: %q, region: %q, group: %q},\n", r.subdomain, r.region, r.groupName)
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func newResolver(ip string) *net.Resolver {
+	return &net.Resolver{
+		PreferGo: true,
+		Dial: func(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			d := net.Dialer{}
+			return d.DialContext(ctx, "udp", net.JoinHostPort(ip, "53"))
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+type lookupIPFunc func(ctx context.Context, host string) (ips []net.IP, err error)
+
+func newLookupIP(r *net.Resolver) lookupIPFunc {
+	return func(ctx context.Context, host string) (ips []net.IP, err error) {
+		addresses, err := r.LookupIPAddr(ctx, host)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		ips = make([]net.IP, len(addresses))
+		for i := range addresses {
+			ips[i] = addresses[i].IP
+		}
+		return ips, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func getCyberghostGroups() map[string]string {
+	return map[string]string{
+		"Premium UDP Europe": "87-1",
+		"Premium UDP USA":    "94-1",
+		"Premium UDP Asia":   "95-1",
+		"NoSpy UDP Europe":   "87-8",
+		"Premium TCP Europe": "97-1",
+		"Premium TCP USA":    "93-1",
+		"Premium TCP Asia":   "96-1",
+		"NoSpy TCP Europe":   "97-8",
+	}
+}
+
+func getCountryCodes() map[string]string {
+	return map[string]string{
+		"Afghanistan":                       "af",
+		"Aland Islands":                     "ax",
+		"Albania":                           "al",
+		"Algeria":                           "dz",
+		"American Samoa":                    "as",
+		"Andorra":                           "ad",
+		"Angola":                            "ao",
+		"Anguilla":                          "ai",
+		"Antarctica":                        "aq",
+		"Antigua and Barbuda":               "ag",
+		"Argentina":                         "ar",
+		"Armenia":                           "am",
+		"Aruba":                             "aw",
+		"Australia":                         "au",
+		"Austria":                           "at",
+		"Azerbaijan":                        "az",
+		"Bahamas":                           "bs",
+		"Bahrain":                           "bh",
+		"Bangladesh":                        "bd",
+		"Barbados":                          "bb",
+		"Belarus":                           "by",
+		"Belgium":                           "be",
+		"Belize":                            "bz",
+		"Benin":                             "bj",
+		"Bermuda":                           "bm",
+		"Bhutan":                            "bt",
+		"Bolivia":                           "bo",
+		"Bonaire":                           "bq",
+		"Bosnia and Herzegovina":            "ba",
+		"Botswana":                          "bw",
+		"Bouvet Island":                     "bv",
+		"Brazil":                            "br",
+		"British Indian Ocean Territory":    "io",
+		"British Virgin Islands":            "vg",
+		"Brunei Darussalam":                 "bn",
+		"Bulgaria":                          "bg",
+		"Burkina Faso":                      "bf",
+		"Burundi":                           "bi",
+		"Cambodia":                          "kh",
+		"Cameroon":                          "cm",
+		"Canada":                            "ca",
+		"Cape Verde":                        "cv",
+		"Cayman Islands":                    "ky",
+		"Central African Republic":          "cf",
+		"Chad":                              "td",
+		"Chile":                             "cl",
+		"China":                             "cn",
+		"Christmas Island":                  "cx",
+		"Cocos Islands":                     "cc",
+		"Colombia":                          "co",
+		"Comoros":                           "km",
+		"Congo":                             "cg",
+		"Cook Islands":                      "ck",
+		"Costa Rica":                        "cr",
+		"Cote d'Ivoire":                     "ci",
+		"Croatia":                           "hr",
+		"Cuba":                              "cu",
+		"Curacao":                           "cw",
+		"Cyprus":                            "cy",
+		"Czech Republic":                    "cz",
+		"Democratic Republic of the Congo":  "cd",
+		"Denmark":                           "dk",
+		"Djibouti":                          "dj",
+		"Dominica":                          "dm",
+		"Dominican Republic":                "do",
+		"Ecuador":                           "ec",
+		"Egypt":                             "eg",
+		"El Salvador":                       "sv",
+		"Equatorial Guinea":                 "gq",
+		"Eritrea":                           "er",
+		"Estonia":                           "ee",
+		"Ethiopia":                          "et",
+		"Falkland Islands":                  "fk",
+		"Faroe Islands":                     "fo",
+		"Fiji":                              "fj",
+		"Finland":                           "fi",
+		"France":                            "fr",
+		"French Guiana":                     "gf",
+		"French Polynesia":                  "pf",
+		"French Southern Territories":       "tf",
+		"Gabon":                             "ga",
+		"Gambia":                            "gm",
+		"Georgia":                           "ge",
+		"Germany":                           "de",
+		"Ghana":                             "gh",
+		"Gibraltar":                         "gi",
+		"Greece":                            "gr",
+		"Greenland":                         "gl",
+		"Grenada":                           "gd",
+		"Guadeloupe":                        "gp",
+		"Guam":                              "gu",
+		"Guatemala":                         "gt",
+		"Guernsey":                          "gg",
+		"Guinea-Bissau":                     "gw",
+		"Guinea":                            "gn",
+		"Guyana":                            "gy",
+		"Haiti":                             "ht",
+		"Heard Island and McDonald Islands": "hm",
+		"Honduras":                          "hn",
+		"Hong Kong":                         "hk",
+		"Hungary":                           "hu",
+		"Iceland":                           "is",
+		"India":                             "in",
+		"Indonesia":                         "id",
+		"Iran":                              "ir",
+		"Iraq":                              "iq",
+		"Ireland":                           "ie",
+		"Isle of Man":                       "im",
+		"Israel":                            "il",
+		"Italy":                             "it",
+		"Jamaica":                           "jm",
+		"Japan":                             "jp",
+		"Jersey":                            "je",
+		"Jordan":                            "jo",
+		"Kazakhstan":                        "kz",
+		"Kenya":                             "ke",
+		"Kiribati":                          "ki",
+		"Korea":                             "kr",
+		"Kuwait":                            "kw",
+		"Kyrgyzstan":                        "kg",
+		"Lao People's Democratic Republic":  "la",
+		"Latvia":                            "lv",
+		"Lebanon":                           "lb",
+		"Lesotho":                           "ls",
+		"Liberia":                           "lr",
+		"Libya":                             "ly",
+		"Liechtenstein":                     "li",
+		"Lithuania":                         "lt",
+		"Luxembourg":                        "lu",
+		"Macao":                             "mo",
+		"Macedonia":                         "mk",
+		"Madagascar":                        "mg",
+		"Malawi":                            "mw",
+		"Malaysia":                          "my",
+		"Maldives":                          "mv",
+		"Mali":                              "ml",
+		"Malta":                             "mt",
+		"Marshall Islands":                  "mh",
+		"Martinique":                        "mq",
+		"Mauritania":                        "mr",
+		"Mauritius":                         "mu",
+		"Mayotte":                           "yt",
+		"Mexico":                            "mx",
+		"Micronesia":                        "fm",
+		"Moldova":                           "md",
+		"Monaco":                            "mc",
+		"Mongolia":                          "mn",
+		"Montenegro":                        "me",
+		"Montserrat":                        "ms",
+		"Morocco":                           "ma",
+		"Mozambique":                        "mz",
+		"Myanmar":                           "mm",
+		"Namibia":                           "na",
+		"Nauru":                             "nr",
+		"Nepal":                             "np",
+		"Netherlands":                       "nl",
+		"New Caledonia":                     "nc",
+		"New Zealand":                       "nz",
+		"Nicaragua":                         "ni",
+		"Niger":                             "ne",
+		"Nigeria":                           "ng",
+		"Niue":                              "nu",
+		"Norfolk Island":                    "nf",
+		"Northern Mariana Islands":          "mp",
+		"Norway":                            "no",
+		"Oman":                              "om",
+		"Pakistan":                          "pk",
+		"Palau":                             "pw",
+		"Palestine, State of":               "ps",
+		"Panama":                            "pa",
+		"Papua New Guinea":                  "pg",
+		"Paraguay":                          "py",
+		"Peru":                              "pe",
+		"Philippines":                       "ph",
+		"Pitcairn":                          "pn",
+		"Poland":                            "pl",
+		"Portugal":                          "pt",
+		"Puerto Rico":                       "pr",
+		"Qatar":                             "qa",
+		"Reunion":                           "re",
+		"Romania":                           "ro",
+		"Russian Federation":                "ru",
+		"Rwanda":                            "rw",
+		"Saint Barthelemy":                  "bl",
+		"Saint Helena":                      "sh",
+		"Saint Kitts and Nevis":             "kn",
+		"Saint Lucia":                       "lc",
+		"Saint Martin":                      "mf",
+		"Saint Pierre and Miquelon":         "pm",
+		"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines":  "vc",
+		"Samoa":                             "ws",
+		"San Marino":                        "sm",
+		"Sao Tome and Principe":             "st",
+		"Saudi Arabia":                      "sa",
+		"Senegal":                           "sn",
+		"Serbia":                            "rs",
+		"Seychelles":                        "sc",
+		"Sierra Leone":                      "sl",
+		"Singapore":                         "sg",
+		"Sint Maarten":                      "sx",
+		"Slovakia":                          "sk",
+		"Slovenia":                          "si",
+		"Solomon Islands":                   "sb",
+		"Somalia":                           "so",
+		"South Africa":                      "za",
+		"South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands": "gs",
+		"South Sudan":                          "ss",
+		"Spain":                                "es",
+		"Sri Lanka":                            "lk",
+		"Sudan":                                "sd",
+		"Suriname":                             "sr",
+		"Svalbard and Jan Mayen":               "sj",
+		"Swaziland":                            "sz",
+		"Sweden":                               "se",
+		"Switzerland":                          "ch",
+		"Syrian Arab Republic":                 "sy",
+		"Taiwan":                               "tw",
+		"Tajikistan":                           "tj",
+		"Tanzania":                             "tz",
+		"Thailand":                             "th",
+		"Timor-Leste":                          "tl",
+		"Togo":                                 "tg",
+		"Tokelau":                              "tk",
+		"Tonga":                                "to",
+		"Trinidad and Tobago":                  "tt",
+		"Tunisia":                              "tn",
+		"Turkey":                               "tr",
+		"Turkmenistan":                         "tm",
+		"Turks and Caicos Islands":             "tc",
+		"Tuvalu":                               "tv",
+		"Uganda":                               "ug",
+		"Ukraine":                              "ua",
+		"United Arab Emirates":                 "ae",
+		"United Kingdom":                       "gb",
+		"United States Minor Outlying Islands": "um",
+		"United States":                        "us",
+		"Uruguay":                              "uy",
+		"US Virgin Islands":                    "vi",
+		"Uzbekistan":                           "uz",
+		"Vanuatu":                              "vu",
+		"Vatican City State":                   "va",
+		"Venezuela":                            "ve",
+		"Vietnam":                              "vn",
+		"Wallis and Futuna":                    "wf",
+		"Western Sahara":                       "eh",
+		"Yemen":                                "ye",
+		"Zambia":                               "zm",
+		"Zimbabwe":                             "zw",
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/locationToSubdomain/main.go
+++ b/cmd/locationToSubdomain/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/network"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	os.Exit(_main())
+}
+
+func _main() int {
+	provider := flag.String("provider", "purevpn", "VPN provider to map location to subdomain, can be 'purevpn'")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	client := network.NewClient(5 * time.Second)
+	switch *provider {
+	case "purevpn":
+		servers, warnings, err := purevpn(client)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Println(err)
+			return 1
+		}
+		for _, server := range servers {
+			fmt.Printf(
+				"{subdomain: %q, region: %q, country: %q, city: %q},\n",
+				server.subdomain, server.region, server.country, server.city,
+			)
+		}
+		fmt.Print("\n\n")
+		for _, warning := range warnings {
+			fmt.Println(warning)
+		}
+	default:
+		fmt.Printf("Provider %q is not supported\n", *provider)
+		return 1
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+type purevpnServer struct {
+	region    string
+	country   string
+	city      string
+	subdomain string // without -tcp or -udp suffix
+}
+
+func purevpn(client network.Client) (servers []purevpnServer, warnings []string, err error) {
+	content, status, err := client.GetContent("https://support.purevpn.com/vpn-servers")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	} else if status != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("HTTP status %d from Purevpn", status)
+	}
+	const jsonPrefix = "<script>var servers = "
+	const jsonSuffix = "</script>"
+	s := string(content)
+	jsonPrefixIndex := strings.Index(s, jsonPrefix)
+	if jsonPrefixIndex == -1 {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot find prefix %s in html", jsonPrefix)
+	}
+	if len(s[jsonPrefixIndex:]) == len(jsonPrefix) {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("no body after json prefix %s", jsonPrefix)
+	}
+	s = s[jsonPrefixIndex+len(jsonPrefix):]
+	endIndex := strings.Index(s, jsonSuffix)
+	s = s[:endIndex]
+	var data []struct {
+		Region  string `json:"region_name"`
+		Country string `json:"country_name"`
+		City    string `json:"city_name"`
+		TCP     string `json:"tcp"`
+		UDP     string `json:"udp"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(s), &data); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	sort.Slice(data, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if data[i].Region == data[j].Region {
+			if data[i].Country == data[j].Country {
+				return data[i].City < data[j].City
+			}
+			return data[i].Country < data[j].Country
+		}
+		return data[i].Region < data[j].Region
+	})
+	for i := range data {
+		if data[i].UDP == "" && data[i].TCP == "" {
+			warnings = append(warnings, fmt.Sprintf("server %s %s %s does not support TCP and UDP for openvpn", data[i].Region, data[i].Country, data[i].City))
+			continue
+		}
+		if data[i].UDP == "" || data[i].TCP == "" {
+			warnings = append(warnings, fmt.Sprintf("server %s %s %s does not support TCP or udp for openvpn", data[i].Region, data[i].Country, data[i].City))
+		}
+		servers = append(servers, purevpnServer{
+			region:    data[i].Region,
+			country:   data[i].Country,
+			city:      data[i].City,
+			subdomain: strings.TrimSuffix(data[i].TCP, "-tcp.pointtoserver.com"),
+		})
+	}
+	return servers, warnings, nil
+}
--- a/cmd/mapper/main.go
+++ b/cmd/mapper/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/network"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	os.Exit(_main())
+}
+
+func _main() int {
+	provider := flag.String("provider", "nordvpn", "VPN provider to map region to IP addresses using their API, can be 'nordvpn'")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	client := network.NewClient(30 * time.Second) // big file so 30 seconds
+	switch *provider {
+	case "nordvpn":
+		servers, ignoredServers, err := nordvpn(client)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Println(err)
+			return 1
+		}
+		for _, server := range servers {
+			fmt.Printf(
+				"{Region: %q, Number: %d, TCP: %t, UDP: %t, IP: net.IP{%s}},\n",
+				server.Region, server.Number, server.TCP, server.UDP, strings.ReplaceAll(server.IP.String(), ".", ", "),
+			)
+		}
+		fmt.Print("\n\n")
+		for _, serverName := range ignoredServers {
+			fmt.Printf("ignored server %q because it does not support both UDP and TCP\n", serverName)
+		}
+	default:
+		fmt.Printf("Provider %q is not supported\n", *provider)
+		return 1
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func nordvpn(client network.Client) (servers []models.NordvpnServer, ignoredServers []string, err error) {
+	content, status, err := client.GetContent("https://nordvpn.com/api/server")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	} else if status != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("HTTP status %d from NordVPN API", status)
+	}
+	response := []struct {
+		IPAddress string `json:"ip_address"`
+		Name      string `json:"name"`
+		Country   string `json:"country"`
+		Features  struct {
+			UDP bool `json:"openvpn_udp"`
+			TCP bool `json:"openvpn_tcp"`
+		} `json:"features"`
+	}{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(content, &response); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	for _, element := range response {
+		if !element.Features.TCP && !element.Features.UDP {
+			ignoredServers = append(ignoredServers, element.Name)
+		}
+		ip := net.ParseIP(element.IPAddress)
+		if ip == nil {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("IP address %q is not valid for server %q", element.IPAddress, element.Name)
+		}
+		i := strings.IndexRune(element.Name, '#')
+		if i < 0 {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("No ID in server name %q", element.Name)
+		}
+		idString := element.Name[i+1:]
+		idUint64, err := strconv.ParseUint(idString, 10, 16)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("Bad ID in server name %q", element.Name)
+		}
+		id := uint16(idUint64)
+		server := models.NordvpnServer{
+			Region: element.Country,
+			Number: id,
+			IP:     ip,
+			TCP:    element.Features.TCP,
+			UDP:    element.Features.UDP,
+		}
+		servers = append(servers, server)
+	}
+	sort.Slice(servers, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if servers[i].Region == servers[j].Region {
+			return servers[i].Number < servers[j].Number
+		}
+		return servers[i].Region < servers[j].Region
+	})
+	return servers, ignoredServers, nil
+}
--- a/cmd/ovpnparser/main.go
+++ b/cmd/ovpnparser/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"archive/zip"
+	"bytes"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/network"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	os.Exit(_main())
+}
+
+// Find subdomains from .ovpn files contained in a .zip file
+func _main() int {
+	provider := flag.String("provider", "surfshark", "VPN provider to parse openvpn files for, can be 'surfshark' or 'vyprvpn")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	var urls []string
+	var suffix string
+	switch *provider {
+	case "surfshark":
+		urls = []string{
+			"https://account.surfshark.com/api/v1/server/configurations",
+			"https://v2uploads.zopim.io/p/2/L/p2LbwLkvfQoSdzOl6VEltzQA6StiZqrs/12500634259669c77012765139bcfe4f4c90db1e.zip",
+		}
+		suffix = ".prod.surfshark.com"
+	case "vyprvpn":
+		urls = []string{
+			"https://support.vyprvpn.com/hc/article_attachments/360052617332/Vypr_OpenVPN_20200320.zip",
+		}
+		suffix = ".vyprvpn.com"
+	default:
+		fmt.Printf("Provider %q is not supported\n", *provider)
+		return 1
+	}
+	contents, err := fetchAndExtractFiles(urls...)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println(err)
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	uniqueSubdomainsToFilename := make(map[string]string)
+	for fileName, content := range contents {
+		subdomain, err := extractInformation(content, suffix)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Println(err)
+			return 1
+		} else if len(subdomain) > 0 {
+			fileName = strings.TrimSuffix(fileName, ".ovpn")
+			fileName = strings.ReplaceAll(fileName, " - ", " ")
+			uniqueSubdomainsToFilename[subdomain] = fileName
+		}
+	}
+	type subdomainFilename struct {
+		subdomain string
+		fileName  string
+	}
+	subdomains := make([]subdomainFilename, len(uniqueSubdomainsToFilename))
+	i := 0
+	for subdomain, fileName := range uniqueSubdomainsToFilename {
+		subdomains[i] = subdomainFilename{
+			subdomain: subdomain,
+			fileName:  fileName,
+		}
+		i++
+	}
+	sort.Slice(subdomains, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return subdomains[i].subdomain < subdomains[j].subdomain
+	})
+	fmt.Println("Subdomain Filename")
+	for i := range subdomains {
+		fmt.Printf("%s %s\n", subdomains[i].subdomain, subdomains[i].fileName)
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func fetchAndExtractFiles(urls ...string) (contents map[string][]byte, err error) {
+	client := network.NewClient(10 * time.Second)
+	contents = make(map[string][]byte)
+	for _, url := range urls {
+		zipBytes, status, err := client.GetContent(url)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		} else if status != http.StatusOK {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Getting %s results in HTTP status code %d", url, status)
+		}
+		newContents, err := zipExtractAll(zipBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		for fileName, content := range newContents {
+			contents[fileName] = content
+		}
+	}
+	return contents, nil
+}
+
+func zipExtractAll(zipBytes []byte) (contents map[string][]byte, err error) {
+	r, err := zip.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(zipBytes), int64(len(zipBytes)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	contents = map[string][]byte{}
+	for _, zf := range r.File {
+		fileName := filepath.Base(zf.Name)
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(fileName, ".ovpn") {
+			continue
+		}
+		f, err := zf.Open()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		defer f.Close()
+		contents[fileName], err = ioutil.ReadAll(f)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return contents, nil
+}
+
+func extractInformation(content []byte, suffix string) (subdomain string, err error) {
+	lines := strings.Split(string(content), "\n")
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "remote ") {
+			words := strings.Fields(line)
+			if len(words) < 2 {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("not enough words on line %q", line)
+			}
+			host := words[1]
+			if net.ParseIP(host) != nil {
+				return "", nil // ignore IP addresses
+			}
+			return strings.TrimSuffix(host, suffix), nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("could not find remote line in: %s", string(content))
+}
--- a/cmd/resolver/main.go
+++ b/cmd/resolver/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,919 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	os.Exit(_main(ctx))
+}
+
+func _main(ctx context.Context) int {
+	resolverAddress := flag.String("resolver", "1.1.1.1", "DNS Resolver IP address to use")
+	provider := flag.String("provider", "pia", "VPN provider to resolve for, 'pia', 'windscribe', 'cyberghost', 'vyprvpn' or 'purevpn'")
+	region := flag.String("region", "all", "Comma separated list of VPN provider region names to resolve for, use 'all' to resolve all")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	resolver := newResolver(*resolverAddress)
+	lookupIP := newLookupIP(resolver)
+
+	var domain string
+	var servers []server
+	switch *provider {
+	case "pia":
+		domain = "privateinternetaccess.com"
+		servers = piaServers()
+	case "windscribe":
+		domain = "windscribe.com"
+		servers = windscribeServers()
+	case "surfshark":
+		domain = "prod.surfshark.com"
+		servers = surfsharkServers()
+	case "cyberghost":
+		domain = "cg-dialup.net"
+		servers = cyberghostServers()
+	case "vyprvpn":
+		domain = "vyprvpn.com"
+		servers = vyprvpnServers()
+	case "purevpn":
+		domain = "pointtoserver.com"
+		servers = purevpnServers()
+	default:
+		fmt.Printf("Provider %q is not supported\n", *provider)
+		return 1
+	}
+	if *region != "all" {
+		regions := strings.Split(*region, ",")
+		uniqueRegions := make(map[string]struct{})
+		for _, r := range regions {
+			uniqueRegions[r] = struct{}{}
+		}
+		for i := range servers {
+			if _, ok := uniqueRegions[servers[i].region]; !ok {
+				servers[i] = servers[len(servers)-1]
+				servers = servers[:len(servers)-1]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	stringChannel := make(chan string)
+	errorChannel := make(chan error)
+	const maxGoroutines = 10
+	guard := make(chan struct{}, maxGoroutines)
+	for _, s := range servers {
+		go func(s server) {
+			guard <- struct{}{}
+			ips, err := resolveRepeat(ctx, lookupIP, s.subdomain+"."+domain, 3)
+			<-guard
+			if err != nil {
+				errorChannel <- err
+				return
+			}
+			stringChannel <- formatLine(*provider, s, ips)
+		}(s)
+	}
+	var lines []string
+	var errors []error
+	for range servers {
+		select {
+		case err := <-errorChannel:
+			errors = append(errors, err)
+		case s := <-stringChannel:
+			lines = append(lines, s)
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Slice(lines, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return lines[i] < lines[j]
+	})
+	for _, s := range lines {
+		fmt.Println(s)
+	}
+	if len(errors) > 0 {
+		fmt.Printf("\n%d errors occurred, described below\n\n", len(errors))
+		for _, err := range errors {
+			fmt.Println(err)
+		}
+		return 1
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func formatLine(provider string, s server, ips []net.IP) string {
+	ipStrings := make([]string, len(ips))
+	for i := range ips {
+		ipStrings[i] = fmt.Sprintf("{%s}", strings.ReplaceAll(ips[i].String(), ".", ", "))
+	}
+	ipString := strings.Join(ipStrings, ", ")
+	switch provider {
+	case "pia":
+		return fmt.Sprintf(
+			"{Region: %q, IPs: []net.IP{%s}},",
+			s.region, ipString,
+		)
+	case "windscribe":
+		return fmt.Sprintf(
+			"{Region: %q, IPs: []net.IP{%s}},",
+			s.region, ipString,
+		)
+	case "surfshark":
+		return fmt.Sprintf(
+			"{Region: %q, IPs: []net.IP{%s}},",
+			s.region, ipString,
+		)
+	case "cyberghost":
+		return fmt.Sprintf(
+			"{Region: %q, Group: %q, IPs: []net.IP{%s}},",
+			s.region, s.group, ipString,
+		)
+	case "vyprvpn":
+		return fmt.Sprintf(
+			"{Region: %q, IPs: []net.IP{%s}},",
+			s.region, ipString,
+		)
+	case "purevpn":
+		return fmt.Sprintf(
+			"{Region: %q, Country: %q, City: %q, IPs: []net.IP{%s}},",
+			s.region, s.country, s.city, ipString,
+		)
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+type lookupIPFunc func(ctx context.Context, host string) (ips []net.IP, err error)
+
+func newLookupIP(r *net.Resolver) lookupIPFunc {
+	return func(ctx context.Context, host string) (ips []net.IP, err error) {
+		addresses, err := r.LookupIPAddr(ctx, host)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		ips = make([]net.IP, len(addresses))
+		for i := range addresses {
+			ips[i] = addresses[i].IP
+		}
+		return ips, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func newResolver(ip string) *net.Resolver {
+	return &net.Resolver{
+		PreferGo: true,
+		Dial: func(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			d := net.Dialer{}
+			return d.DialContext(ctx, "udp", net.JoinHostPort(ip, "53"))
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func resolveRepeat(ctx context.Context, lookupIP lookupIPFunc, host string, n int) (ips []net.IP, err error) {
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		newIPs, err := lookupIP(ctx, host)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		ips = append(ips, newIPs...)
+	}
+	return uniqueSortedIPs(ips), nil
+}
+
+func uniqueSortedIPs(ips []net.IP) []net.IP {
+	uniqueIPs := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, ip := range ips {
+		uniqueIPs[ip.String()] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	ips = make([]net.IP, len(uniqueIPs))
+	i := 0
+	for ip := range uniqueIPs {
+		ips[i] = net.ParseIP(ip)
+		i++
+	}
+	sort.Slice(ips, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return bytes.Compare(ips[i], ips[j]) < 0
+	})
+	return ips
+}
+
+type server struct {
+	subdomain string
+	region    string
+	group     string // only for cyberghost
+	country   string // only for purevpn
+	city      string // only for purevpn
+}
+
+func piaServers() []server {
+	return []server{
+		{subdomain: "au-melbourne", region: "AU Melbourne"},
+		{subdomain: "au-perth", region: "AU Perth"},
+		{subdomain: "au-sydney", region: "AU Sydney"},
+		{subdomain: "austria", region: "Austria"},
+		{subdomain: "belgium", region: "Belgium"},
+		{subdomain: "ca-montreal", region: "CA Montreal"},
+		{subdomain: "ca-toronto", region: "CA Toronto"},
+		{subdomain: "ca-vancouver", region: "CA Vancouver"},
+		{subdomain: "czech", region: "Czech Republic"},
+		{subdomain: "de-berlin", region: "DE Berlin"},
+		{subdomain: "de-frankfurt", region: "DE Frankfurt"},
+		{subdomain: "denmark", region: "Denmark"},
+		{subdomain: "fi", region: "Finlan"},
+		{subdomain: "france", region: "France"},
+		{subdomain: "hungary", region: "Hungary"},
+		{subdomain: "in", region: "India"},
+		{subdomain: "ireland", region: "Ireland"},
+		{subdomain: "israel", region: "Israel"},
+		{subdomain: "italy", region: "Italy"},
+		{subdomain: "japan", region: "Japan"},
+		{subdomain: "lu", region: "Luxembourg"},
+		{subdomain: "mexico", region: "Mexico"},
+		{subdomain: "nl", region: "Netherlands"},
+		{subdomain: "nz", region: "New Zealand"},
+		{subdomain: "no", region: "Norway"},
+		{subdomain: "poland", region: "Poland"},
+		{subdomain: "ro", region: "Romania"},
+		{subdomain: "sg", region: "Singapore"},
+		{subdomain: "spain", region: "Spain"},
+		{subdomain: "sweden", region: "Sweden"},
+		{subdomain: "swiss", region: "Switzerland"},
+		{subdomain: "ae", region: "UAE"},
+		{subdomain: "uk-london", region: "UK London"},
+		{subdomain: "uk-manchester", region: "UK Manchester"},
+		{subdomain: "uk-southampton", region: "UK Southampton"},
+		{subdomain: "us-atlanta", region: "US Atlanta"},
+		{subdomain: "us-california", region: "US California"},
+		{subdomain: "us-chicago", region: "US Chicago"},
+		{subdomain: "us-dallas", region: "US Dallas"},
+		{subdomain: "us-denver", region: "US Denver"},
+		{subdomain: "us-east", region: "US East"},
+		{subdomain: "us-florida", region: "US Florida"},
+		{subdomain: "us-houston", region: "US Houston"},
+		{subdomain: "us-lasvegas", region: "US Las Vegas"},
+		{subdomain: "us-newyorkcity", region: "US New York City"},
+		{subdomain: "us-seattle", region: "US Seattle"},
+		{subdomain: "us-siliconvalley", region: "US Silicon Valley"},
+		{subdomain: "us-washingtondc", region: "US Washington DC"},
+		{subdomain: "us-west", region: "US West"},
+	}
+}
+
+func windscribeServers() []server {
+	return []server{
+		{subdomain: "al", region: "Albania"},
+		{subdomain: "ar", region: "Argentina"},
+		{subdomain: "au", region: "Australia"},
+		{subdomain: "at", region: "Austria"},
+		{subdomain: "az", region: "Azerbaijan"},
+		{subdomain: "be", region: "Belgium"},
+		{subdomain: "ba", region: "Bosnia"},
+		{subdomain: "br", region: "Brazil"},
+		{subdomain: "bg", region: "Bulgaria"},
+		{subdomain: "ca", region: "Canada East"},
+		{subdomain: "ca-west", region: "Canada West"},
+		{subdomain: "co", region: "Colombia"},
+		{subdomain: "hr", region: "Croatia"},
+		{subdomain: "cy", region: "Cyprus"},
+		{subdomain: "cz", region: "Czech republic"},
+		{subdomain: "dk", region: "Denmark"},
+		{subdomain: "ee", region: "Estonia"},
+		{subdomain: "aq", region: "Fake antarctica"},
+		{subdomain: "fi", region: "Finland"},
+		{subdomain: "fr", region: "France"},
+		{subdomain: "ge", region: "Georgia"},
+		{subdomain: "de", region: "Germany"},
+		{subdomain: "gr", region: "Greece"},
+		{subdomain: "hk", region: "Hong kong"},
+		{subdomain: "hu", region: "Hungary"},
+		{subdomain: "is", region: "Iceland"},
+		{subdomain: "in", region: "India"},
+		{subdomain: "id", region: "Indonesia"},
+		{subdomain: "ie", region: "Ireland"},
+		{subdomain: "il", region: "Israel"},
+		{subdomain: "it", region: "Italy"},
+		{subdomain: "jp", region: "Japan"},
+		{subdomain: "lv", region: "Latvia"},
+		{subdomain: "lt", region: "Lithuania"},
+		{subdomain: "mk", region: "Macedonia"},
+		{subdomain: "my", region: "Malaysia"},
+		{subdomain: "mx", region: "Mexico"},
+		{subdomain: "md", region: "Moldova"},
+		{subdomain: "nl", region: "Netherlands"},
+		{subdomain: "nz", region: "New zealand"},
+		{subdomain: "no", region: "Norway"},
+		{subdomain: "ph", region: "Philippines"},
+		{subdomain: "pl", region: "Poland"},
+		{subdomain: "pt", region: "Portugal"},
+		{subdomain: "ro", region: "Romania"},
+		{subdomain: "ru", region: "Russia"},
+		{subdomain: "rs", region: "Serbia"},
+		{subdomain: "sg", region: "Singapore"},
+		{subdomain: "sk", region: "Slovakia"},
+		{subdomain: "si", region: "Slovenia"},
+		{subdomain: "za", region: "South Africa"},
+		{subdomain: "kr", region: "South Korea"},
+		{subdomain: "es", region: "Spain"},
+		{subdomain: "se", region: "Sweden"},
+		{subdomain: "ch", region: "Switzerland"},
+		{subdomain: "th", region: "Thailand"},
+		{subdomain: "tn", region: "Tunisia"},
+		{subdomain: "tr", region: "Turkey"},
+		{subdomain: "ua", region: "Ukraine"},
+		{subdomain: "ae", region: "United Arab Emirates"},
+		{subdomain: "uk", region: "United Kingdom"},
+		{subdomain: "us-central", region: "US Central"},
+		{subdomain: "us-east", region: "US East"},
+		{subdomain: "us-west", region: "US West"},
+		{subdomain: "vn", region: "Vietnam"},
+		{subdomain: "wf-ca", region: "Windflix CA"},
+		{subdomain: "wf-jp", region: "Windflix JP"},
+		{subdomain: "wf-uk", region: "Windflix UK"},
+		{subdomain: "wf-us", region: "Windflix US"},
+	}
+}
+
+func surfsharkServers() []server {
+	return []server{
+		{subdomain: "ae-dub", region: "United Arab Emirates"},
+		{subdomain: "al-tia", region: "Albania"},
+		{subdomain: "at-vie", region: "Austria"},
+		{subdomain: "au-adl", region: "Australia Adelaide"},
+		{subdomain: "au-bne", region: "Australia Brisbane"},
+		{subdomain: "au-mel", region: "Australia Melbourne"},
+		{subdomain: "au-per", region: "Australia Perth"},
+		{subdomain: "au-syd", region: "Australia Sydney"},
+		{subdomain: "au-us", region: "Australia US"},
+		{subdomain: "az-bak", region: "Azerbaijan"},
+		{subdomain: "ba-sjj", region: "Bosnia and Herzegovina"},
+		{subdomain: "be-bru", region: "Belgium"},
+		{subdomain: "bg-sof", region: "Bulgaria"},
+		{subdomain: "br-sao", region: "Brazil"},
+		{subdomain: "ca-mon", region: "Canada Montreal"},
+		{subdomain: "ca-tor", region: "Canada Toronto"},
+		{subdomain: "ca-us", region: "Canada US"},
+		{subdomain: "ca-van", region: "Canada Vancouver"},
+		{subdomain: "ch-zur", region: "Switzerland"},
+		{subdomain: "cl-san", region: "Chile"},
+		{subdomain: "co-bog", region: "Colombia"},
+		{subdomain: "cr-sjn", region: "Costa Rica"},
+		{subdomain: "cy-nic", region: "Cyprus"},
+		{subdomain: "cz-prg", region: "Czech Republic"},
+		{subdomain: "de-ber", region: "Germany Berlin"},
+		{subdomain: "de-fra", region: "Germany Frankfurt am Main"},
+		{subdomain: "de-fra-st001", region: "Germany Frankfurt am Main st001"},
+		{subdomain: "de-fra-st002", region: "Germany Frankfurt am Main st002"},
+		{subdomain: "de-fra-st003", region: "Germany Frankfurt am Main st003"},
+		{subdomain: "de-muc", region: "Germany Munich"},
+		{subdomain: "de-nue", region: "Germany Nuremberg"},
+		{subdomain: "de-sg", region: "Germany Singapour"},
+		{subdomain: "de-uk", region: "Germany UK"},
+		{subdomain: "dk-cph", region: "Denmark"},
+		{subdomain: "ee-tll", region: "Estonia"},
+		{subdomain: "es-bcn", region: "Spain Barcelona"},
+		{subdomain: "es-mad", region: "Spain Madrid"},
+		{subdomain: "es-vlc", region: "Spain Valencia"},
+		{subdomain: "fi-hel", region: "Finland"},
+		{subdomain: "fr-bod", region: "France Bordeaux"},
+		{subdomain: "fr-mrs", region: "France Marseilles"},
+		{subdomain: "fr-par", region: "France Paris"},
+		{subdomain: "fr-se", region: "France Sweden"},
+		{subdomain: "gr-ath", region: "Greece"},
+		{subdomain: "hk-hkg", region: "Hong Kong"},
+		{subdomain: "hr-zag", region: "Croatia"},
+		{subdomain: "hu-bud", region: "Hungary"},
+		{subdomain: "id-jak", region: "Indonesia"},
+		{subdomain: "ie-dub", region: "Ireland"},
+		{subdomain: "il-tlv", region: "Israel"},
+		{subdomain: "in-chn", region: "India Chennai"},
+		{subdomain: "in-idr", region: "India Indore"},
+		{subdomain: "in-mum", region: "India Mumbai"},
+		{subdomain: "in-uk", region: "India UK"},
+		{subdomain: "is-rkv", region: "Iceland"},
+		{subdomain: "it-mil", region: "Italy Milan"},
+		{subdomain: "it-rom", region: "Italy Rome"},
+		{subdomain: "jp-tok", region: "Japan Tokyo"},
+		{subdomain: "jp-tok-st001", region: "Japan Tokyo st001"},
+		{subdomain: "jp-tok-st002", region: "Japan Tokyo st002"},
+		{subdomain: "jp-tok-st003", region: "Japan Tokyo st003"},
+		{subdomain: "jp-tok-st004", region: "Japan Tokyo st004"},
+		{subdomain: "jp-tok-st005", region: "Japan Tokyo st005"},
+		{subdomain: "jp-tok-st006", region: "Japan Tokyo st006"},
+		{subdomain: "jp-tok-st007", region: "Japan Tokyo st007"},
+		{subdomain: "kr-seo", region: "Korea"},
+		{subdomain: "kz-ura", region: "Kazakhstan"},
+		{subdomain: "lu-ste", region: "Luxembourg"},
+		{subdomain: "lv-rig", region: "Latvia"},
+		{subdomain: "ly-tip", region: "Libya"},
+		{subdomain: "md-chi", region: "Moldova"},
+		{subdomain: "mk-skp", region: "North Macedonia"},
+		{subdomain: "my-kul", region: "Malaysia"},
+		{subdomain: "ng-lag", region: "Nigeria"},
+		{subdomain: "nl-ams", region: "Netherlands Amsterdam"},
+		{subdomain: "nl-ams-st001", region: "Netherlands Amsterdam st001"},
+		{subdomain: "nl-us", region: "Netherlands US"},
+		{subdomain: "no-osl", region: "Norway"},
+		{subdomain: "nz-akl", region: "New Zealand"},
+		{subdomain: "ph-mnl", region: "Philippines"},
+		{subdomain: "pl-gdn", region: "Poland Gdansk"},
+		{subdomain: "pl-waw", region: "Poland Warsaw"},
+		{subdomain: "pt-lis", region: "Portugal Lisbon"},
+		{subdomain: "pt-lou", region: "Portugal Loule"},
+		{subdomain: "pt-opo", region: "Portugal Porto"},
+		{subdomain: "py-asu", region: "Paraguay"},
+		{subdomain: "ro-buc", region: "Romania"},
+		{subdomain: "rs-beg", region: "Serbia"},
+		{subdomain: "ru-mos", region: "Russia Moscow"},
+		{subdomain: "ru-spt", region: "Russia St. Petersburg"},
+		{subdomain: "se-sto", region: "Sweden"},
+		{subdomain: "sg-hk", region: "Singapore Hong Kong"},
+		{subdomain: "sg-nl", region: "Singapore Netherlands"},
+		{subdomain: "sg-sng", region: "Singapore"},
+		{subdomain: "sg-sng-st001", region: "Singapore st001"},
+		{subdomain: "sg-sng-st002", region: "Singapore st002"},
+		{subdomain: "sg-sng-st003", region: "Singapore st003"},
+		{subdomain: "sg-sng-st004", region: "Singapore st004"},
+		{subdomain: "si-lju", region: "Slovenia"},
+		{subdomain: "sk-bts", region: "Slovekia"},
+		{subdomain: "th-bkk", region: "Thailand"},
+		{subdomain: "tr-bur", region: "Turkey"},
+		{subdomain: "tw-tai", region: "Taiwan"},
+		{subdomain: "ua-iev", region: "Ukraine"},
+		{subdomain: "uk-de", region: "UK Germany"},
+		{subdomain: "uk-fr", region: "UK France"},
+		{subdomain: "uk-gla", region: "UK Glasgow"},
+		{subdomain: "uk-lon", region: "UK London"},
+		{subdomain: "uk-lon-st001", region: "UK London st001"},
+		{subdomain: "uk-lon-st002", region: "UK London st002"},
+		{subdomain: "uk-lon-st003", region: "UK London st003"},
+		{subdomain: "uk-lon-st004", region: "UK London st004"},
+		{subdomain: "uk-lon-st005", region: "UK London st005"},
+		{subdomain: "uk-man", region: "UK Manchester"},
+		{subdomain: "us-atl", region: "US Atlanta"},
+		{subdomain: "us-bdn", region: "US Bend"},
+		{subdomain: "us-bos", region: "US Boston"},
+		{subdomain: "us-buf", region: "US Buffalo"},
+		{subdomain: "us-chi", region: "US Chicago"},
+		{subdomain: "us-clt", region: "US Charlotte"},
+		{subdomain: "us-dal", region: "US Dallas"},
+		{subdomain: "us-den", region: "US Denver"},
+		{subdomain: "us-dtw", region: "US Gahanna"},
+		{subdomain: "us-hou", region: "US Houston"},
+		{subdomain: "us-kan", region: "US Kansas City"},
+		{subdomain: "us-las", region: "US Las Vegas"},
+		{subdomain: "us-lax", region: "US Los Angeles"},
+		{subdomain: "us-ltm", region: "US Latham"},
+		{subdomain: "us-mia", region: "US Miami"},
+		{subdomain: "us-mnz", region: "US Maryland"},
+		{subdomain: "us-nl", region: "US Netherlands"},
+		{subdomain: "us-nyc", region: "US New York City"},
+		{subdomain: "us-nyc-mp001", region: "US New York City mp001"},
+		{subdomain: "us-nyc-st001", region: "US New York City st001"},
+		{subdomain: "us-nyc-st002", region: "US New York City st002"},
+		{subdomain: "us-nyc-st003", region: "US New York City st003"},
+		{subdomain: "us-nyc-st004", region: "US New York City st004"},
+		{subdomain: "us-nyc-st005", region: "US New York City st005"},
+		{subdomain: "us-orl", region: "US Orlando"},
+		{subdomain: "us-phx", region: "US Phoenix"},
+		{subdomain: "us-pt", region: "US Portugal"},
+		{subdomain: "us-sea", region: "US Seatle"},
+		{subdomain: "us-sfo", region: "US San Francisco"},
+		{subdomain: "us-slc", region: "US Salt Lake City"},
+		{subdomain: "us-stl", region: "US Saint Louis"},
+		{subdomain: "us-tpa", region: "US Tampa"},
+		{subdomain: "vn-hcm", region: "Vietnam"},
+		{subdomain: "za-jnb", region: "South Africa"},
+	}
+}
+
+func cyberghostServers() []server {
+	return []server{
+		{subdomain: "97-1-al", region: "Albania", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-al", region: "Albania", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-dz", region: "Algeria", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-dz", region: "Algeria", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-ad", region: "Andorra", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-ad", region: "Andorra", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "94-1-ar", region: "Argentina", group: "Premium UDP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "93-1-ar", region: "Argentina", group: "Premium TCP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-am", region: "Armenia", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-am", region: "Armenia", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-au", region: "Australia", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-au", region: "Australia", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-at", region: "Austria", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-at", region: "Austria", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "93-1-bs", region: "Bahamas", group: "Premium TCP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "94-1-bs", region: "Bahamas", group: "Premium UDP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-bd", region: "Bangladesh", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-bd", region: "Bangladesh", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-by", region: "Belarus", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-by", region: "Belarus", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-be", region: "Belgium", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-be", region: "Belgium", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-ba", region: "Bosnia and Herzegovina", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-ba", region: "Bosnia and Herzegovina", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "94-1-br", region: "Brazil", group: "Premium UDP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "93-1-br", region: "Brazil", group: "Premium TCP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-bg", region: "Bulgaria", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-bg", region: "Bulgaria", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-kh", region: "Cambodia", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-kh", region: "Cambodia", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "93-1-ca", region: "Canada", group: "Premium TCP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "94-1-ca", region: "Canada", group: "Premium UDP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "93-1-cl", region: "Chile", group: "Premium TCP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "94-1-cl", region: "Chile", group: "Premium UDP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-cn", region: "China", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-cn", region: "China", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "94-1-co", region: "Colombia", group: "Premium UDP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "93-1-co", region: "Colombia", group: "Premium TCP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "93-1-cr", region: "Costa Rica", group: "Premium TCP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "94-1-cr", region: "Costa Rica", group: "Premium UDP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-cy", region: "Cyprus", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-cy", region: "Cyprus", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-cz", region: "Czech Republic", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-cz", region: "Czech Republic", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-dk", region: "Denmark", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-dk", region: "Denmark", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-eg", region: "Egypt", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-eg", region: "Egypt", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-ee", region: "Estonia", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-ee", region: "Estonia", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-fi", region: "Finland", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-fi", region: "Finland", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-fr", region: "France", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-fr", region: "France", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-ge", region: "Georgia", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-ge", region: "Georgia", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-de", region: "Germany", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-de", region: "Germany", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-gr", region: "Greece", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-gr", region: "Greece", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-gl", region: "Greenland", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-gl", region: "Greenland", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-hk", region: "Hong Kong", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-hk", region: "Hong Kong", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-hu", region: "Hungary", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-hu", region: "Hungary", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-is", region: "Iceland", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-is", region: "Iceland", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-in", region: "India", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-in", region: "India", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-id", region: "Indonesia", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-id", region: "Indonesia", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-ir", region: "Iran", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-ir", region: "Iran", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-ie", region: "Ireland", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-ie", region: "Ireland", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-im", region: "Isle of Man", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-im", region: "Isle of Man", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-il", region: "Israel", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-il", region: "Israel", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-it", region: "Italy", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-it", region: "Italy", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-jp", region: "Japan", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-jp", region: "Japan", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-kz", region: "Kazakhstan", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-kz", region: "Kazakhstan", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-ke", region: "Kenya", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-ke", region: "Kenya", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-kr", region: "Korea", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-kr", region: "Korea", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-lv", region: "Latvia", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-lv", region: "Latvia", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-li", region: "Liechtenstein", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-li", region: "Liechtenstein", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-lt", region: "Lithuania", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-lt", region: "Lithuania", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-lu", region: "Luxembourg", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-lu", region: "Luxembourg", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-mo", region: "Macao", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-mo", region: "Macao", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-mk", region: "Macedonia", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-mk", region: "Macedonia", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-my", region: "Malaysia", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-my", region: "Malaysia", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-mt", region: "Malta", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-mt", region: "Malta", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "93-1-mx", region: "Mexico", group: "Premium TCP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "94-1-mx", region: "Mexico", group: "Premium UDP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-md", region: "Moldova", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-md", region: "Moldova", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-mc", region: "Monaco", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-mc", region: "Monaco", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-mn", region: "Mongolia", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-mn", region: "Mongolia", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-me", region: "Montenegro", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-me", region: "Montenegro", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-ma", region: "Morocco", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-ma", region: "Morocco", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-nl", region: "Netherlands", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-nl", region: "Netherlands", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-nz", region: "New Zealand", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-nz", region: "New Zealand", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-ng", region: "Nigeria", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-ng", region: "Nigeria", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-no", region: "Norway", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-no", region: "Norway", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-pk", region: "Pakistan", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-pk", region: "Pakistan", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-pa", region: "Panama", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-pa", region: "Panama", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-ph", region: "Philippines", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-ph", region: "Philippines", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-pl", region: "Poland", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-pl", region: "Poland", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-pt", region: "Portugal", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-pt", region: "Portugal", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-qa", region: "Qatar", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-qa", region: "Qatar", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-ro", region: "Romania", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-8-ro", region: "Romania", group: "NoSpy UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-8-ro", region: "Romania", group: "NoSpy TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-ro", region: "Romania", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-ru", region: "Russian Federation", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-ru", region: "Russian Federation", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-sa", region: "Saudi Arabia", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-sa", region: "Saudi Arabia", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-rs", region: "Serbia", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-rs", region: "Serbia", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-sg", region: "Singapore", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-sg", region: "Singapore", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-sk", region: "Slovakia", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-sk", region: "Slovakia", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-si", region: "Slovenia", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-si", region: "Slovenia", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-za", region: "South Africa", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-za", region: "South Africa", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-za", region: "South Africa", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-za", region: "South Africa", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-es", region: "Spain", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-es", region: "Spain", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-lk", region: "Sri Lanka", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-lk", region: "Sri Lanka", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-se", region: "Sweden", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-se", region: "Sweden", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-ch", region: "Switzerland", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-ch", region: "Switzerland", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-tw", region: "Taiwan", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-tw", region: "Taiwan", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-th", region: "Thailand", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-th", region: "Thailand", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-tr", region: "Turkey", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-tr", region: "Turkey", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-ua", region: "Ukraine", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-ua", region: "Ukraine", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-ae", region: "United Arab Emirates", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-ae", region: "United Arab Emirates", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-gb", region: "United Kingdom", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-gb", region: "United Kingdom", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "94-1-us", region: "United States", group: "Premium UDP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "93-1-us", region: "United States", group: "Premium TCP USA"},
+		{subdomain: "87-1-ve", region: "Venezuela", group: "Premium UDP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "97-1-ve", region: "Venezuela", group: "Premium TCP Europe"},
+		{subdomain: "95-1-vn", region: "Vietnam", group: "Premium UDP Asia"},
+		{subdomain: "96-1-vn", region: "Vietnam", group: "Premium TCP Asia"},
+	}
+}
+
+func vyprvpnServers() []server {
+	return []server{
+		{subdomain: "ae1", region: "Dubai"},
+		{subdomain: "ar1", region: "Argentina"},
+		{subdomain: "at1", region: "Austria"},
+		{subdomain: "au1", region: "Australia Sydney"},
+		{subdomain: "au2", region: "Australia Melbourne"},
+		{subdomain: "au3", region: "Australia Perth"},
+		{subdomain: "be1", region: "Belgium"},
+		{subdomain: "bg1", region: "Bulgaria"},
+		{subdomain: "bh1", region: "Bahrain"},
+		{subdomain: "br1", region: "Brazil"},
+		{subdomain: "ca1", region: "Canada"},
+		{subdomain: "ch1", region: "Switzerland"},
+		{subdomain: "co1", region: "Columbia"},
+		{subdomain: "cr1", region: "Costa Rica"},
+		{subdomain: "cz1", region: "Czech Republic"},
+		{subdomain: "de1", region: "Germany"},
+		{subdomain: "dk1", region: "Denmark"},
+		{subdomain: "dz1", region: "Algeria"},
+		{subdomain: "eg1", region: "Egypt"},
+		{subdomain: "es1", region: "Spain"},
+		{subdomain: "eu1", region: "Netherlands"},
+		{subdomain: "fi1", region: "Finland"},
+		{subdomain: "fr1", region: "France"},
+		{subdomain: "gr1", region: "Greece"},
+		{subdomain: "hk1", region: "Hong Kong"},
+		{subdomain: "id1", region: "Indonesia"},
+		{subdomain: "ie1", region: "Ireland"},
+		{subdomain: "il1", region: "Israel"},
+		{subdomain: "in1", region: "India"},
+		{subdomain: "is1", region: "Iceland"},
+		{subdomain: "it1", region: "Italy"},
+		{subdomain: "jp1", region: "Japan"},
+		{subdomain: "kr1", region: "South Korea"},
+		{subdomain: "li1", region: "Liechtenstein"},
+		{subdomain: "lt1", region: "Lithuania"},
+		{subdomain: "lu1", region: "Luxembourg"},
+		{subdomain: "lv1", region: "Latvia"},
+		{subdomain: "mh1", region: "Marshall Islands"},
+		{subdomain: "mo1", region: "Macao"},
+		{subdomain: "mv1", region: "Maldives"},
+		{subdomain: "mx1", region: "Mexico"},
+		{subdomain: "my1", region: "Malaysia"},
+		{subdomain: "no1", region: "Norway"},
+		{subdomain: "nz1", region: "New Zealand"},
+		{subdomain: "pa1", region: "Panama"},
+		{subdomain: "ph1", region: "Philippines"},
+		{subdomain: "pk1", region: "Pakistan"},
+		{subdomain: "pl1", region: "Poland"},
+		{subdomain: "pt1", region: "Portugal"},
+		{subdomain: "qa1", region: "Qatar"},
+		{subdomain: "ro1", region: "Romania"},
+		{subdomain: "ru1", region: "Russia"},
+		{subdomain: "sa1", region: "Saudi Arabia"},
+		{subdomain: "se1", region: "Sweden"},
+		{subdomain: "sg1", region: "Singapore"},
+		{subdomain: "si1", region: "Slovenia"},
+		{subdomain: "sk1", region: "Slovakia"},
+		{subdomain: "sv1", region: "El Salvador"},
+		{subdomain: "th1", region: "Thailand"},
+		{subdomain: "tr1", region: "Turkey"},
+		{subdomain: "tw1", region: "Taiwan"},
+		{subdomain: "ua1", region: "Ukraine"},
+		{subdomain: "uk1", region: "United Kingdom"},
+		{subdomain: "us1", region: "USA Los Angeles"},
+		{subdomain: "us2", region: "USA Washington DC"},
+		{subdomain: "us3", region: "USA Austin"},
+		{subdomain: "us4", region: "USA Miami"},
+		{subdomain: "us5", region: "USA New York"},
+		{subdomain: "us6", region: "USA Chicago"},
+		{subdomain: "us7", region: "USA San Francisco"},
+		{subdomain: "us8", region: "USA Seattle"},
+		{subdomain: "uy1", region: "Uruguay"},
+		{subdomain: "vn1", region: "Vietnam"},
+	}
+}
+
+func purevpnServers() []server {
+	servers := []server{
+		{subdomain: "vlus-dz1-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "Algeria", city: "Algiers"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-ao1-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "Angola", city: "Benguela"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-cv-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "Cape Verde", city: "Praia"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-eg1-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "Egypt", city: "Cairo"},
+		{subdomain: "et1-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "Ethiopia", city: "Addis Ababa"},
+		{subdomain: "gh1-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "Ghana", city: "Accra"},
+		{subdomain: "ke1-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "Kenya", city: "Mombasa"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-mg1-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "Madagascar", city: "Antananarivo"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-mr1-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "Mauritania", city: "Nouakchott"},
+		{subdomain: "mu1-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "Mauritius", city: "Port Louis"},
+		{subdomain: "ma1-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "Morocco", city: "Rabat"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-ne1-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "Niger", city: "Niamey"},
+		{subdomain: "ng1-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "Nigeria", city: "Suleja"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-sn1-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "Senegal", city: "Dakar"},
+		{subdomain: "sc1-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "Seychelles", city: "Victoria"},
+		{subdomain: "za2-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "South Africa", city: "Johannesburg"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-tz1-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "Tanzania", city: "Dar Es Salaam"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-tn1-ovpn", region: "Africa", country: "Tunisia", city: "Tunis"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-af1-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Afghanistan", city: "Kabul"},
+		{subdomain: "sg2-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Armenia", city: "Singapore"},
+		{subdomain: "az1-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Azerbaijan", city: "Baku"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-bd1-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Bangladesh", city: "Dhaka"},
+		{subdomain: "bn2-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Brunei Darussalam", city: "Bandar Seri Begawan"},
+		{subdomain: "kh1-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Cambodia", city: "Phnom Penh"},
+		{subdomain: "hk2-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Hong Kong (SAR)", city: "Hong Kong"},
+		{subdomain: "in2-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "India", city: "Chennai"},
+		{subdomain: "idn1-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Indonesia", city: "Jakarta"},
+		{subdomain: "jp-tk1-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Japan", city: "Tokyo"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-kz1-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Kazakhstan", city: "Almaty"},
+		{subdomain: "kr2-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Korea, South", city: "Seoul"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-kg1-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Kyrgyzstan", city: "Bishkek"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-la1-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Laos", city: "Vientiane"},
+		{subdomain: "mo1-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Macao", city: "Beyrouth"},
+		{subdomain: "my2-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Malaysia", city: "Johor Baharu"},
+		{subdomain: "my-kl2-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Malaysia", city: "Kuala Lumpur"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-mn1-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Mongolia", city: "Ulaanbaatar"},
+		{subdomain: "pk1-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Pakistan", city: "Islamabad"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-pg1-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Papua New Guinea", city: "Port Moresby"},
+		{subdomain: "vlap-ph2-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Philippines", city: "Manila"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-lk1-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Sri Lanka", city: "Colombo"},
+		{subdomain: "tw2-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Taiwan", city: "Taipei"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-tj-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Tajikistan", city: "Dushanbe"},
+		{subdomain: "vlap-th2-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Thailand", city: "Bangkok"},
+		{subdomain: "tr2-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Turkey", city: "Istanbul"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-tm1-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Turkmenistan", city: "Ashgabat"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-uz-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Uzbekistan", city: "Tashkent"},
+		{subdomain: "vlap-vn2-ovpn", region: "Asia", country: "Vietnam", city: "Hanoi"},
+		{subdomain: "al1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Albania", city: "Tirane"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-am1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Armenia", city: "Yerevan"},
+		{subdomain: "at2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Austria", city: "Vienna"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-be2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Belgium", city: "Brussels"},
+		{subdomain: "ba1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Bosnia and Herzegovina", city: "Sarajevo"},
+		{subdomain: "bg2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Bulgaria", city: "Sofia"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-hr1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Croatia", city: "Zagreb"},
+		{subdomain: "cy1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Cyprus", city: "Nicosia"},
+		{subdomain: "dk2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Denmark", city: "Copenhagen"},
+		{subdomain: "ee1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Estonia", city: "Tallinn"},
+		{subdomain: "fr2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "France", city: "Paris"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-ge1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Georgia", city: "Tbilisi"},
+		{subdomain: "de2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Germany", city: "Frankfurt"},
+		{subdomain: "de2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Germany", city: "Munich"},
+		{subdomain: "de-ao1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Germany", city: "Nuremberg"},
+		{subdomain: "gr2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Greece", city: "Thessaloniki"},
+		{subdomain: "hu2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Hungary", city: "Budapest"},
+		{subdomain: "is1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Iceland", city: "Reykjavik"},
+		{subdomain: "ie2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Ireland", city: "Dublin"},
+		{subdomain: "im1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Isle of Man", city: "Onchan"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-it1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Italy", city: "Milano"},
+		{subdomain: "lv1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Latvia", city: "RIGA"},
+		{subdomain: "li1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Liechtenstein", city: "Vaduz"},
+		{subdomain: "lt1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Lithuania", city: "Vilnius"},
+		{subdomain: "lu2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Luxembourg", city: "Luxembourg"},
+		{subdomain: "mt1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Malta", city: "Sliema"},
+		{subdomain: "mn1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Monaco", city: "Monaco"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-me1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Montenegro", city: "Podgorica"},
+		{subdomain: "nl2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Netherlands", city: "Amsterdam"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-no2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Norway", city: "Oslo"},
+		{subdomain: "pl2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Poland", city: "Warsaw"},
+		{subdomain: "pt2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Portugal", city: "Lisbon"},
+		{subdomain: "ro2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Romania", city: "Bucharest"},
+		{subdomain: "rs2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Serbia", city: "Niš"},
+		{subdomain: "sk1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Slovakia", city: "Bratislava"},
+		{subdomain: "si1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Slovenia", city: "Ljubljana"},
+		{subdomain: "es-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Spain", city: "Barcelona"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-se1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Sweden", city: "Stockholm"},
+		{subdomain: "ch2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "Switzerland", city: "Zurich"},
+		{subdomain: "ukg2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "United Kingdom", city: "Gosport"},
+		{subdomain: "ukl2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "United Kingdom", city: "London"},
+		{subdomain: "ukm2-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "United Kingdom", city: "Maidenhead"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-uk-man1-ovpn", region: "Europe", country: "United Kingdom", city: "Manchester"},
+		{subdomain: "bh-ovpn", region: "Middle East", country: "Bahrain", city: "Manama"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-jo1-ovpn", region: "Middle East", country: "Jordan", city: "Amman"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-kw1-ovpn", region: "Middle East", country: "Kuwait", city: "Kuwait"},
+		{subdomain: "om1-ovpn", region: "Middle East", country: "Oman", city: "Salalah"},
+		{subdomain: "qa1-ovpn", region: "Middle East", country: "Qatar", city: "Doha"},
+		{subdomain: "sa1-ovpn", region: "Middle East", country: "Saudi Arabia", city: "Jeddah"},
+		{subdomain: "ae2-ovpn", region: "Middle East", country: "United Arab Emirates", city: "Dubai"},
+		{subdomain: "aw1-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Aruba", city: "Oranjestad"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-bb-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Barbados", city: "Bridgetown"},
+		{subdomain: "bz1-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Belize", city: "Belmopan"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-bm-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Bermuda", city: "Hamilton"},
+		{subdomain: "caq1-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Canada", city: "Montreal"},
+		{subdomain: "cato-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Canada", city: "Toronto"},
+		{subdomain: "cav2-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Canada", city: "Vancouver"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-ky-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Cayman Islands", city: "George Town"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-cr1-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Costa Rica", city: "San Jose"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-dm-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Dominica", city: "Roseau"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-do-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Dominican Republic", city: "Santo Domingo"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-sv-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "El Salvador", city: "San Salvador"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-gd-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Grenada", city: "St George's"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-gt-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Guatemala", city: "Guatemala"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-ht1-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Haiti", city: "PORT-AU-PRINCE"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-hn-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Honduras", city: "TEGUCIGALPA"},
+		{subdomain: "jm1-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Jamaica", city: "Kingston"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-mx2-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Mexico", city: "Mexico City"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-ms-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Montserrat", city: "plymouth"},
+		{subdomain: "pr1-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Puerto Rico", city: "San Juan"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-lc-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Saint Lucia", city: "Castries"},
+		{subdomain: "bs1-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "The Bahamas", city: "Freeport"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-tt-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Trinidad and Tobago", city: "Port of Spain"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-tc-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "Turks and Caicos Islands", city: "Balfour Town"},
+		{subdomain: "usva-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "United States", city: "Ashburn"},
+		{subdomain: "usil2-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "United States", city: "Chicago"},
+		{subdomain: "usoh1-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "United States", city: "Columbus"},
+		{subdomain: "usga2-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "United States", city: "Georgia"},
+		{subdomain: "ustx2-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "United States", city: "Houston"},
+		{subdomain: "usla2-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "United States", city: "Los Angeles"},
+		{subdomain: "usfl2-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "United States", city: "Miami"},
+		{subdomain: "usnj2-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "United States", city: "New Jersey"},
+		{subdomain: "usny2-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "United States", city: "New York"},
+		{subdomain: "usphx2-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "United States", city: "Phoenix"},
+		{subdomain: "usut2-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "United States", city: "Salt Lake City"},
+		{subdomain: "ussf2-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "United States", city: "San Francisco"},
+		{subdomain: "ussa-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "United States", city: "Seattle"},
+		{subdomain: "uswdc2-ovpn", region: "North America", country: "United States", city: "Washington, D.C."},
+		{subdomain: "au-bn-ovpn", region: "Oceania", country: "Australia", city: "Brisbane"},
+		{subdomain: "au-me1-ovpn", region: "Oceania", country: "Australia", city: "Melbourne"},
+		{subdomain: "au2-pe-ovpn", region: "Oceania", country: "Australia", city: "Perth"},
+		{subdomain: "au-sd2-ovpn", region: "Oceania", country: "Australia", city: "Sydney"},
+		{subdomain: "nz2-ovpn", region: "Oceania", country: "New Zealand", city: "Auckland"},
+		{subdomain: "vlus-ar1-ovpn", region: "South America", country: "Argentina", city: "Buenos Aires"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-bo-ovpn", region: "South America", country: "Bolivia", city: "Sucre"},
+		{subdomain: "br2-ovpn", region: "South America", country: "Brazil", city: "Sao Paulo"},
+		{subdomain: "vg1-ovpn", region: "South America", country: "British Virgin Island", city: "Road Town"},
+		{subdomain: "vlbr-cl-ovpn", region: "South America", country: "Chile", city: "Santiago"},
+		{subdomain: "co1-ovpn", region: "South America", country: "Colombia", city: "Bogota"},
+		{subdomain: "ec1-ovpn", region: "South America", country: "Ecuador", city: "Quito"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-gy-ovpn", region: "South America", country: "Guyana", city: "Georgetown"},
+		{subdomain: "pa2-ovpn", region: "South America", country: "Panama", city: "Panama City"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-py-ovpn", region: "South America", country: "Paraguay", city: "Asuncion"},
+		{subdomain: "pe1-ovpn", region: "South America", country: "Peru", city: "Lima"},
+		{subdomain: "vleu-sr-ovpn", region: "South America", country: "Suriname", city: "Paramaribo"},
+	}
+	for i := range servers {
+		servers[i].subdomain += "-udp"
+	}
+	return servers
+}
--- a/doc/logo.svg
+++ b/doc/logo.svg
--- a/doc/logo_256.png
+++ b/doc/logo_256.png
--- a/doc/paypal.jpg
+++ b/doc/paypal.jpg
--- a/doc/sponsors.jpg
+++ b/doc/sponsors.jpg
--- a/doc/windscribe.jpg
+++ b/doc/windscribe.jpg
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+version: "3.7"
+services:
+  gluetun:
+    image: qmcgaw/private-internet-access
+    container_name: gluetun
+    cap_add:
+      - NET_ADMIN
+    network_mode: bridge
+    ports:
+      - 8888:8888/tcp # Tinyproxy
+      - 8388:8388/tcp # Shadowsocks
+      - 8388:8388/udp # Shadowsocks
+      - 8000:8000/tcp # Built-in HTTP control server
+    # command:
+    environment:
+      # More variables are available, see the readme table
+      - VPNSP=private internet access
+
+      # Timezone for accurate logs times
+      - TZ=
+
+      # All VPN providers
+      - USER=js89ds7
+
+      # All VPN providers but Mullvad
+      - PASSWORD=8fd9s239G
+
+      # Cyberghost only
+      - CLIENT_KEY=
+
+      # All VPN providers but Mullvad
+      - REGION=Austria
+
+      # Mullvad only
+      - COUNTRY=Sweden
+
+      # Allow for example your LAN, set to: 192.168.1.0/24
+      - EXTRA_SUBNETS=
+    restart: always
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,43 +1,13 @@
 module github.com/qdm12/gluetun

-go 1.17
+go 1.15

 require (
-	github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.2.1
-	github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0
-	github.com/golang/mock v1.6.0
-	github.com/qdm12/dns v1.11.0
-	github.com/qdm12/golibs v0.0.0-20210822203818-5c568b0777b6
-	github.com/qdm12/goshutdown v0.3.0
-	github.com/qdm12/gosplash v0.1.0
-	github.com/qdm12/gotree v0.2.0
-	github.com/qdm12/govalid v0.1.0
-	github.com/qdm12/ss-server v0.4.0
-	github.com/qdm12/updated v0.0.0-20210603204757-205acfe6937e
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0
-	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.1.1-0.20211129163951-9ada19101fc5
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210630005230-0f9fa26af87c
-	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20210805125648-3957e9b9dd19
-	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20210803171230-4253848d036c
-	inet.af/netaddr v0.0.0-20210718074554-06ca8145d722
-)
-
-require (
-	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5 // indirect
-	github.com/josharian/native v0.0.0-20200817173448-b6b71def0850 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.9 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.14 // indirect
-	github.com/mdlayher/genetlink v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.40 // indirect
-	github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/riobard/go-bloom v0.0.0-20200614022211-cdc8013cb5b3 // indirect
-	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.0-20200728191858-db3c7e526aae // indirect
-	go4.org/intern v0.0.0-20210108033219-3eb7198706b2 // indirect
-	go4.org/unsafe/assume-no-moving-gc v0.0.0-20201222180813-1025295fd063 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210711020723-a769d52b0f97 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210504132125-bbd867fde50d // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c // indirect
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.9.0
+	github.com/golang/mock v1.4.4
+	github.com/kyokomi/emoji v2.2.4+incompatible
+	github.com/qdm12/golibs v0.0.0-20200712151944-a0325873bf5a
+	github.com/qdm12/ss-server v0.0.0-20200819005413-6b516c299307
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200814200057-3d37ad5750ed
 )
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,251 +1,142 @@
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 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20191026070338-33540a1f6037/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
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 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
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 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127 h1:qIbj1fsPNlZgppZ+VLlY7N33q108Sa+fhmuc+sWQYwY=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
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 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.1/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
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 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c h1:dUUwHk2QECo/6vqA44rthZ8ie2QXMNeKRTHCNY2nXvo=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
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--- a/internal/alpine/alpine.go
+++ b/internal/alpine/alpine.go
@@ -1,29 +1,25 @@
-// Package alpine defines a configurator to interact with the Alpine operating system.
 package alpine

 import (
 	"os/user"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/files"
 )

-var _ Alpiner = (*Alpine)(nil)
-
-type Alpiner interface {
-	UserCreater
-	VersionGetter
+type Configurator interface {
+	CreateUser(username string, uid int) error
 }

-type Alpine struct {
-	alpineReleasePath string
-	passwdPath        string
-	lookupID          func(uid string) (*user.User, error)
-	lookup            func(username string) (*user.User, error)
+type configurator struct {
+	fileManager files.FileManager
+	lookupUID   func(uid string) (*user.User, error)
+	lookupUser  func(username string) (*user.User, error)
 }

-func New() *Alpine {
-	return &Alpine{
-		alpineReleasePath: "/etc/alpine-release",
-		passwdPath:        "/etc/passwd",
-		lookupID:          user.LookupId,
-		lookup:            user.Lookup,
+func NewConfigurator(fileManager files.FileManager) Configurator {
+	return &configurator{
+		fileManager: fileManager,
+		lookupUID:   user.LookupId,
+		lookupUser:  user.Lookup,
 	}
 }
--- a/internal/alpine/users.go
+++ b/internal/alpine/users.go
@@ -1,58 +1,38 @@
 package alpine

 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	"os/user"
-	"strconv"
 )

-var (
-	ErrUserAlreadyExists = errors.New("user already exists")
-)
-
-type UserCreater interface {
-	CreateUser(username string, uid int) (createdUsername string, err error)
-}
-
-// CreateUser creates a user in Alpine with the given UID.
-func (a *Alpine) CreateUser(username string, uid int) (createdUsername string, err error) {
-	UIDStr := strconv.Itoa(uid)
-	u, err := a.lookupID(UIDStr)
+// CreateUser creates a user in Alpine with the given UID
+func (c *configurator) CreateUser(username string, uid int) error {
+	UIDStr := fmt.Sprintf("%d", uid)
+	u, err := c.lookupUID(UIDStr)
 	_, unknownUID := err.(user.UnknownUserIdError)
 	if err != nil && !unknownUID {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	if u != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot create user: %w", err)
+	} else if u != nil {
 		if u.Username == username {
-			return "", nil
+			return nil
 		}
-		return u.Username, nil
+		return fmt.Errorf("user with ID %d exists with username %q instead of %q", uid, u.Username, username)
 	}
-
-	u, err = a.lookup(username)
+	u, err = c.lookupUser(username)
 	_, unknownUsername := err.(user.UnknownUserError)
 	if err != nil && !unknownUsername {
-		return "", err
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot create user: %w", err)
+	} else if u != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot create user: user with name %s already exists for ID %s instead of %d", username, u.Uid, uid)
 	}
-
-	if u != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: with name %s for ID %s instead of %d",
-			ErrUserAlreadyExists, username, u.Uid, uid)
-	}
-
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(a.passwdPath, os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
+	passwd, err := c.fileManager.ReadFile("/etc/passwd")
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	s := fmt.Sprintf("%s:x:%d:::/dev/null:/sbin/nologin\n", username, uid)
-	_, err = file.WriteString(s)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = file.Close()
-		return "", err
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot create user: %w", err)
 	}
+	passwd = append(passwd, []byte(fmt.Sprintf("%s:x:%d:::/dev/null:/sbin/nologin\n", username, uid))...)

-	return username, file.Close()
+	if err := c.fileManager.WriteToFile("/etc/passwd", passwd); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot create user: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
--- a/internal/alpine/version.go
+++ b/internal/alpine/version.go
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-package alpine
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-type VersionGetter interface {
-	Version(ctx context.Context) (version string, err error)
-}
-
-func (a *Alpine) Version(ctx context.Context) (version string, err error) {
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(a.alpineReleasePath, os.O_RDONLY, 0)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	b, err := io.ReadAll(file)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	if err := file.Close(); err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	version = strings.ReplaceAll(string(b), "\n", "")
-	return version, nil
-}
--- a/internal/cli/ci.go
+++ b/internal/cli/ci.go
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import "context"
-
-func (c *CLI) CI(context context.Context) error {
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/cli/cli.go
+++ b/internal/cli/cli.go
@@ -1,22 +1,74 @@
-// Package cli defines an interface CLI to run command line operations.
 package cli

-var _ CLIer = (*CLI)(nil)
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"

-type CLIer interface {
-	ClientKeyFormatter
-	HealthChecker
-	OpenvpnConfigMaker
-	Updater
-	ServersFormatter
-}
+	"net"

-type CLI struct {
-	repoServersPath string
-}
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/params"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/settings"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/files"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
+)

-func New() *CLI {
-	return &CLI{
-		repoServersPath: "./internal/storage/servers.json",
+func ClientKey(args []string) error {
+	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("clientkey", flag.ExitOnError)
+	filepath := flagSet.String("path", "/files/client.key", "file path to the client.key file")
+	if err := flagSet.Parse(args); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
+	fileManager := files.NewFileManager()
+	data, err := fileManager.ReadFile(*filepath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s := string(data)
+	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\n", "")
+	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\r", "")
+	s = strings.TrimPrefix(s, "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----")
+	s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "-----END PRIVATE KEY-----")
+	fmt.Println(s)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func HealthCheck() error {
+	ips, err := net.LookupIP("github.com")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot resolve github.com (%s)", err)
+	} else if len(ips) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("resolved no IP addresses for github.com")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func OpenvpnConfig() error {
+	logger, err := logging.NewLogger(logging.ConsoleEncoding, logging.InfoLevel, -1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	paramsReader := params.NewReader(logger, files.NewFileManager())
+	allSettings, err := settings.GetAllSettings(paramsReader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	providerConf := provider.New(allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.Name)
+	connections, err := providerConf.GetOpenVPNConnections(allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.ServerSelection)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	lines := providerConf.BuildConf(
+		connections,
+		allSettings.OpenVPN.Verbosity,
+		allSettings.System.UID,
+		allSettings.System.GID,
+		allSettings.OpenVPN.Root,
+		allSettings.OpenVPN.Cipher,
+		allSettings.OpenVPN.Auth,
+		allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.ExtraConfigOptions,
+	)
+	fmt.Println(strings.Join(lines, "\n"))
+	return nil
 }
--- a/internal/cli/clientkey.go
+++ b/internal/cli/clientkey.go
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-)
-
-type ClientKeyFormatter interface {
-	ClientKey(args []string) error
-}
-
-func (c *CLI) ClientKey(args []string) error {
-	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("clientkey", flag.ExitOnError)
-	filepath := flagSet.String("path", constants.ClientKey, "file path to the client.key file")
-	if err := flagSet.Parse(args); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(*filepath, os.O_RDONLY, 0)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	data, err := io.ReadAll(file)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = file.Close()
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := file.Close(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	s := string(data)
-	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\n", "")
-	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\r", "")
-	s = strings.TrimPrefix(s, "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----")
-	s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "-----END PRIVATE KEY-----")
-	fmt.Println(s)
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/cli/formatservers.go
+++ b/internal/cli/formatservers.go
@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/storage"
-)
-
-type ServersFormatter interface {
-	FormatServers(args []string) error
-}
-
-var (
-	ErrFormatNotRecognized = errors.New("format is not recognized")
-	ErrProviderUnspecified = errors.New("VPN provider to format was not specified")
-	ErrOpenOutputFile      = errors.New("cannot open output file")
-	ErrWriteOutput         = errors.New("cannot write to output file")
-	ErrCloseOutputFile     = errors.New("cannot close output file")
-)
-
-func (c *CLI) FormatServers(args []string) error {
-	var format, output string
-	var cyberghost, expressvpn, fastestvpn, hideMyAss, ipvanish, ivpn, mullvad,
-		nordvpn, perfectPrivacy, pia, privado, privatevpn, protonvpn, purevpn, surfshark,
-		torguard, vpnUnlimited, vyprvpn, wevpn, windscribe bool
-	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("markdown", flag.ExitOnError)
-	flagSet.StringVar(&format, "format", "markdown", "Format to use which can be: 'markdown'")
-	flagSet.StringVar(&output, "output", "/dev/stdout", "Output file to write the formatted data to")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&cyberghost, "cyberghost", false, "Format Cyberghost servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&expressvpn, "expressvpn", false, "Format ExpressVPN servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&fastestvpn, "fastestvpn", false, "Format FastestVPN servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&hideMyAss, "hidemyass", false, "Format HideMyAss servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&ipvanish, "ipvanish", false, "Format IpVanish servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&ivpn, "ivpn", false, "Format IVPN servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&mullvad, "mullvad", false, "Format Mullvad servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&nordvpn, "nordvpn", false, "Format Nordvpn servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&perfectPrivacy, "perfectprivacy", false, "Format Perfect Privacy servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&pia, "pia", false, "Format Private Internet Access servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&privado, "privado", false, "Format Privado servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&privatevpn, "privatevpn", false, "Format Private VPN servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&protonvpn, "protonvpn", false, "Format Protonvpn servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&purevpn, "purevpn", false, "Format Purevpn servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&surfshark, "surfshark", false, "Format Surfshark servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&torguard, "torguard", false, "Format Torguard servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&vpnUnlimited, "vpnunlimited", false, "Format VPN Unlimited servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&vyprvpn, "vyprvpn", false, "Format Vyprvpn servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&wevpn, "wevpn", false, "Format WeVPN servers")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&windscribe, "windscribe", false, "Format Windscribe servers")
-	if err := flagSet.Parse(args); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if format != "markdown" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrFormatNotRecognized, format)
-	}
-
-	logger := newNoopLogger()
-	storage, err := storage.New(logger, constants.ServersData)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrNewStorage, err)
-	}
-	currentServers := storage.GetServers()
-
-	var formatted string
-	switch {
-	case cyberghost:
-		formatted = currentServers.Cyberghost.ToMarkdown()
-	case expressvpn:
-		formatted = currentServers.Expressvpn.ToMarkdown()
-	case fastestvpn:
-		formatted = currentServers.Fastestvpn.ToMarkdown()
-	case hideMyAss:
-		formatted = currentServers.HideMyAss.ToMarkdown()
-	case ipvanish:
-		formatted = currentServers.Ipvanish.ToMarkdown()
-	case ivpn:
-		formatted = currentServers.Ivpn.ToMarkdown()
-	case mullvad:
-		formatted = currentServers.Mullvad.ToMarkdown()
-	case nordvpn:
-		formatted = currentServers.Nordvpn.ToMarkdown()
-	case perfectPrivacy:
-		formatted = currentServers.Perfectprivacy.ToMarkdown()
-	case pia:
-		formatted = currentServers.Pia.ToMarkdown()
-	case privado:
-		formatted = currentServers.Privado.ToMarkdown()
-	case privatevpn:
-		formatted = currentServers.Privatevpn.ToMarkdown()
-	case protonvpn:
-		formatted = currentServers.Protonvpn.ToMarkdown()
-	case purevpn:
-		formatted = currentServers.Purevpn.ToMarkdown()
-	case surfshark:
-		formatted = currentServers.Surfshark.ToMarkdown()
-	case torguard:
-		formatted = currentServers.Torguard.ToMarkdown()
-	case vpnUnlimited:
-		formatted = currentServers.VPNUnlimited.ToMarkdown()
-	case vyprvpn:
-		formatted = currentServers.Vyprvpn.ToMarkdown()
-	case wevpn:
-		formatted = currentServers.Wevpn.ToMarkdown()
-	case windscribe:
-		formatted = currentServers.Windscribe.ToMarkdown()
-	default:
-		return ErrProviderUnspecified
-	}
-
-	output = filepath.Clean(output)
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(output, os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE, 0644)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrOpenOutputFile, err)
-	}
-
-	_, err = fmt.Fprint(file, formatted)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = file.Close()
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrWriteOutput, err)
-	}
-
-	err = file.Close()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrCloseOutputFile, err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/cli/healthcheck.go
+++ b/internal/cli/healthcheck.go
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/healthcheck"
-)
-
-type HealthChecker interface {
-	HealthCheck(ctx context.Context, source sources.Source, warner Warner) error
-}
-
-func (c *CLI) HealthCheck(ctx context.Context, source sources.Source, warner Warner) error {
-	// Extract the health server port from the configuration.
-	config, err := source.ReadHealth()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = config.Validate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	_, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(config.ServerAddress)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	const timeout = 10 * time.Second
-	httpClient := &http.Client{Timeout: timeout}
-	client := healthcheck.NewClient(httpClient)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	url := "http://127.0.0.1:" + port
-	return client.Check(ctx, url)
-}
--- a/internal/cli/nooplogger.go
+++ b/internal/cli/nooplogger.go
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import "github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
-
-type noopLogger struct{}
-
-func newNoopLogger() *noopLogger {
-	return new(noopLogger)
-}
-
-func (l *noopLogger) Debug(s string)                 {}
-func (l *noopLogger) Info(s string)                  {}
-func (l *noopLogger) Warn(s string)                  {}
-func (l *noopLogger) Error(s string)                 {}
-func (l *noopLogger) PatchLevel(level logging.Level) {}
-func (l *noopLogger) PatchPrefix(prefix string)      {}
--- a/internal/cli/openvpnconfig.go
+++ b/internal/cli/openvpnconfig.go
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/storage"
-)
-
-type OpenvpnConfigMaker interface {
-	OpenvpnConfig(logger OpenvpnConfigLogger, source sources.Source) error
-}
-
-type OpenvpnConfigLogger interface {
-	Info(s string)
-	Warn(s string)
-}
-
-func (c *CLI) OpenvpnConfig(logger OpenvpnConfigLogger, source sources.Source) error {
-	storage, err := storage.New(logger, constants.ServersData)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	allServers := storage.GetServers()
-
-	allSettings, err := source.Read()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err = allSettings.Validate(allServers); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	providerConf := provider.New(*allSettings.VPN.Provider.Name, allServers, time.Now)
-	connection, err := providerConf.GetConnection(allSettings.VPN.Provider.ServerSelection)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	lines, err := providerConf.BuildConf(connection, allSettings.VPN.OpenVPN)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	fmt.Println(strings.Join(lines, "\n"))
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/cli/update.go
+++ b/internal/cli/update.go
@@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
-	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/storage"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater"
-)
-
-var (
-	ErrModeUnspecified         = errors.New("at least one of -enduser or -maintainer must be specified")
-	ErrDNSAddress              = errors.New("DNS address is not valid")
-	ErrNoProviderSpecified     = errors.New("no provider was specified")
-	ErrNewStorage              = errors.New("cannot create storage")
-	ErrUpdateServerInformation = errors.New("cannot update server information")
-	ErrWriteToFile             = errors.New("cannot write updated information to file")
-)
-
-type Updater interface {
-	Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, logger UpdaterLogger) error
-}
-
-type UpdaterLogger interface {
-	Info(s string)
-	Warn(s string)
-	Error(s string)
-}
-
-func boolPtr(b bool) *bool { return &b }
-
-func (c *CLI) Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, logger UpdaterLogger) error {
-	options := settings.Updater{CLI: boolPtr(true)}
-	var endUserMode, maintainerMode, updateAll bool
-	var dnsAddress, csvProviders string
-	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("update", flag.ExitOnError)
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&endUserMode, "enduser", false, "Write results to /gluetun/servers.json (for end users)")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&maintainerMode, "maintainer", false,
-		"Write results to ./internal/storage/servers.json to modify the program (for maintainers)")
-	flagSet.StringVar(&dnsAddress, "dns", "8.8.8.8", "DNS resolver address to use")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&updateAll, "all", false, "Update servers for all VPN providers")
-	flagSet.StringVar(&csvProviders, "providers", "", "CSV string of VPN providers to update server data for")
-	if err := flagSet.Parse(args); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if !endUserMode && !maintainerMode {
-		return ErrModeUnspecified
-	}
-
-	options.DNSAddress = net.ParseIP(dnsAddress)
-	if options.DNSAddress == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrDNSAddress, dnsAddress)
-	}
-
-	if updateAll {
-		for _, provider := range constants.AllProviders() {
-			if provider == constants.Custom {
-				continue
-			}
-			options.Providers = append(options.Providers, provider)
-		}
-	} else {
-		if csvProviders == "" {
-			return ErrNoProviderSpecified
-		}
-		options.Providers = strings.Split(csvProviders, ",")
-	}
-
-	options.SetDefaults()
-
-	err := options.Validate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("options validation failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	const clientTimeout = 10 * time.Second
-	httpClient := &http.Client{Timeout: clientTimeout}
-
-	storage, err := storage.New(logger, constants.ServersData)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrNewStorage, err)
-	}
-	currentServers := storage.GetServers()
-
-	updater := updater.New(options, httpClient, currentServers, logger)
-	allServers, err := updater.UpdateServers(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrUpdateServerInformation, err)
-	}
-
-	if endUserMode {
-		if err := storage.FlushToFile(allServers); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrWriteToFile, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if maintainerMode {
-		if err := writeToEmbeddedJSON(c.repoServersPath, allServers); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrWriteToFile, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func writeToEmbeddedJSON(repoServersPath string,
-	allServers models.AllServers) error {
-	const perms = 0600
-	f, err := os.OpenFile(repoServersPath,
-		os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE, perms)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	defer f.Close()
-
-	encoder := json.NewEncoder(f)
-	encoder.SetIndent("", "  ")
-	return encoder.Encode(allServers)
-}
--- a/internal/cli/warner.go
+++ b/internal/cli/warner.go
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-type Warner interface {
-	Warn(s string)
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/dns.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/dns.go
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// DNS contains settings to configure DNS.
-type DNS struct {
-	// ServerAddress is the DNS server to use inside
-	// the Go program and for the system.
-	// It defaults to '127.0.0.1' to be used with the
-	// DoT server. It cannot be nil in the internal
-	// state.
-	ServerAddress net.IP
-	// KeepNameserver is true if the Docker DNS server
-	// found in /etc/resolv.conf should be kept.
-	// Note settings this to true will go around the
-	// DoT server blocking.
-	// It defaults to false and cannot be nil in the
-	// internal state.
-	KeepNameserver *bool
-	// DOT contains settings to configure the DoT
-	// server.
-	DoT DoT
-}
-
-func (d DNS) validate() (err error) {
-	err = d.DoT.validate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed validating DoT settings: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (d *DNS) Copy() (copied DNS) {
-	return DNS{
-		ServerAddress:  helpers.CopyIP(d.ServerAddress),
-		KeepNameserver: helpers.CopyBoolPtr(d.KeepNameserver),
-		DoT:            d.DoT.copy(),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (d *DNS) mergeWith(other DNS) {
-	d.ServerAddress = helpers.MergeWithIP(d.ServerAddress, other.ServerAddress)
-	d.KeepNameserver = helpers.MergeWithBool(d.KeepNameserver, other.KeepNameserver)
-	d.DoT.mergeWith(other.DoT)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (d *DNS) overrideWith(other DNS) {
-	d.ServerAddress = helpers.OverrideWithIP(d.ServerAddress, other.ServerAddress)
-	d.KeepNameserver = helpers.OverrideWithBool(d.KeepNameserver, other.KeepNameserver)
-	d.DoT.overrideWith(other.DoT)
-}
-
-func (d *DNS) setDefaults() {
-	localhost := net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1) //nolint:gomnd
-	d.ServerAddress = helpers.DefaultIP(d.ServerAddress, localhost)
-	d.KeepNameserver = helpers.DefaultBool(d.KeepNameserver, false)
-	d.DoT.setDefaults()
-}
-
-func (d DNS) String() string {
-	return d.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (d DNS) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("DNS settings:")
-	node.Appendf("DNS server address to use: %s", d.ServerAddress)
-	node.Appendf("Keep existing nameserver(s): %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(d.KeepNameserver))
-	node.AppendNode(d.DoT.toLinesNode())
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/dnsblacklist.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/dnsblacklist.go
@@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"regexp"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/blacklist"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-	"inet.af/netaddr"
-)
-
-// DNSBlacklist is settings for the DNS blacklist building.
-type DNSBlacklist struct {
-	BlockMalicious       *bool
-	BlockAds             *bool
-	BlockSurveillance    *bool
-	AllowedHosts         []string
-	AddBlockedHosts      []string
-	AddBlockedIPs        []netaddr.IP
-	AddBlockedIPPrefixes []netaddr.IPPrefix
-}
-
-func (b *DNSBlacklist) setDefaults() {
-	b.BlockMalicious = helpers.DefaultBool(b.BlockMalicious, true)
-	b.BlockAds = helpers.DefaultBool(b.BlockAds, false)
-	b.BlockSurveillance = helpers.DefaultBool(b.BlockSurveillance, true)
-}
-
-var hostRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^([a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9_][a-zA-Z0-9\-_]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9_])(\.([a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9_][a-zA-Z0-9\-_]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9]))*$`) //nolint:lll
-
-var (
-	ErrAllowedHostNotValid = errors.New("allowed host is not valid")
-	ErrBlockedHostNotValid = errors.New("blocked host is not valid")
-)
-
-func (b DNSBlacklist) validate() (err error) {
-	for _, host := range b.AllowedHosts {
-		if !hostRegex.MatchString(host) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrAllowedHostNotValid, host)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, host := range b.AddBlockedHosts {
-		if !hostRegex.MatchString(host) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrBlockedHostNotValid, host)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (b DNSBlacklist) copy() (copied DNSBlacklist) {
-	return DNSBlacklist{
-		BlockMalicious:       helpers.CopyBoolPtr(b.BlockMalicious),
-		BlockAds:             helpers.CopyBoolPtr(b.BlockAds),
-		BlockSurveillance:    helpers.CopyBoolPtr(b.BlockSurveillance),
-		AllowedHosts:         helpers.CopyStringSlice(b.AllowedHosts),
-		AddBlockedHosts:      helpers.CopyStringSlice(b.AddBlockedHosts),
-		AddBlockedIPs:        helpers.CopyNetaddrIPsSlice(b.AddBlockedIPs),
-		AddBlockedIPPrefixes: helpers.CopyIPPrefixSlice(b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes),
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *DNSBlacklist) mergeWith(other DNSBlacklist) {
-	b.BlockMalicious = helpers.MergeWithBool(b.BlockMalicious, other.BlockMalicious)
-	b.BlockAds = helpers.MergeWithBool(b.BlockAds, other.BlockAds)
-	b.BlockSurveillance = helpers.MergeWithBool(b.BlockSurveillance, other.BlockSurveillance)
-	b.AllowedHosts = helpers.MergeStringSlices(b.AllowedHosts, other.AllowedHosts)
-	b.AddBlockedHosts = helpers.MergeStringSlices(b.AddBlockedHosts, other.AddBlockedHosts)
-	b.AddBlockedIPs = helpers.MergeNetaddrIPsSlices(b.AddBlockedIPs, other.AddBlockedIPs)
-	b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes = helpers.MergeIPPrefixesSlices(b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes, other.AddBlockedIPPrefixes)
-}
-
-func (b *DNSBlacklist) overrideWith(other DNSBlacklist) {
-	b.BlockMalicious = helpers.OverrideWithBool(b.BlockMalicious, other.BlockMalicious)
-	b.BlockAds = helpers.OverrideWithBool(b.BlockAds, other.BlockAds)
-	b.BlockSurveillance = helpers.OverrideWithBool(b.BlockSurveillance, other.BlockSurveillance)
-	b.AllowedHosts = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(b.AllowedHosts, other.AllowedHosts)
-	b.AddBlockedHosts = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(b.AddBlockedHosts, other.AddBlockedHosts)
-	b.AddBlockedIPs = helpers.OverrideWithNetaddrIPsSlice(b.AddBlockedIPs, other.AddBlockedIPs)
-	b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes = helpers.OverrideWithIPPrefixesSlice(b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes, other.AddBlockedIPPrefixes)
-}
-
-func (b DNSBlacklist) ToBlacklistFormat() (settings blacklist.BuilderSettings, err error) {
-	return blacklist.BuilderSettings{
-		BlockMalicious:       *b.BlockMalicious,
-		BlockAds:             *b.BlockAds,
-		BlockSurveillance:    *b.BlockSurveillance,
-		AllowedHosts:         b.AllowedHosts,
-		AddBlockedHosts:      b.AddBlockedHosts,
-		AddBlockedIPs:        b.AddBlockedIPs,
-		AddBlockedIPPrefixes: b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (b DNSBlacklist) String() string {
-	return b.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (b DNSBlacklist) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("DNS filtering settings:")
-
-	node.Appendf("Block malicious: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(b.BlockMalicious))
-	node.Appendf("Block ads: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(b.BlockAds))
-	node.Appendf("Block surveillance: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(b.BlockSurveillance))
-
-	if len(b.AllowedHosts) > 0 {
-		allowedHostsNode := node.Appendf("Allowed hosts:")
-		for _, host := range b.AllowedHosts {
-			allowedHostsNode.Appendf(host)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(b.AddBlockedHosts) > 0 {
-		blockedHostsNode := node.Appendf("Blocked hosts:")
-		for _, host := range b.AddBlockedHosts {
-			blockedHostsNode.Appendf(host)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(b.AddBlockedIPs) > 0 {
-		blockedIPsNode := node.Appendf("Blocked IP addresses:")
-		for _, ip := range b.AddBlockedIPs {
-			blockedIPsNode.Appendf(ip.String())
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes) > 0 {
-		blockedIPPrefixesNode := node.Appendf("Blocked IP networks:")
-		for _, ipNetwork := range b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes {
-			blockedIPPrefixesNode.Appendf(ipNetwork.String())
-		}
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/dot.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/dot.go
@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// DoT contains settings to configure the DoT server.
-type DoT struct {
-	// Enabled is true if the DoT server should be running
-	// and used. It defaults to true, and cannot be nil
-	// in the internal state.
-	Enabled *bool
-	// UpdatePeriod is the period to update DNS block
-	// lists and cryptographic files for DNSSEC validation.
-	// It can be set to 0 to disable the update.
-	// It defaults to 24h and cannot be nil in
-	// the internal state.
-	UpdatePeriod *time.Duration
-	// Unbound contains settings to configure Unbound.
-	Unbound Unbound
-	// Blacklist contains settings to configure the filter
-	// block lists.
-	Blacklist DNSBlacklist
-}
-
-var (
-	ErrDoTUpdatePeriodTooShort = errors.New("update period is too short")
-)
-
-func (d DoT) validate() (err error) {
-	const minUpdatePeriod = 30 * time.Second
-	if *d.UpdatePeriod != 0 && *d.UpdatePeriod < minUpdatePeriod {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s must be bigger than %s",
-			ErrDoTUpdatePeriodTooShort, *d.UpdatePeriod, minUpdatePeriod)
-	}
-
-	err = d.Unbound.validate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = d.Blacklist.validate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (d *DoT) copy() (copied DoT) {
-	return DoT{
-		Enabled:      helpers.CopyBoolPtr(d.Enabled),
-		UpdatePeriod: helpers.CopyDurationPtr(d.UpdatePeriod),
-		Unbound:      d.Unbound.copy(),
-		Blacklist:    d.Blacklist.copy(),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (d *DoT) mergeWith(other DoT) {
-	d.Enabled = helpers.MergeWithBool(d.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	d.UpdatePeriod = helpers.MergeWithDuration(d.UpdatePeriod, other.UpdatePeriod)
-	d.Unbound.mergeWith(other.Unbound)
-	d.Blacklist.mergeWith(other.Blacklist)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (d *DoT) overrideWith(other DoT) {
-	d.Enabled = helpers.OverrideWithBool(d.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	d.UpdatePeriod = helpers.OverrideWithDuration(d.UpdatePeriod, other.UpdatePeriod)
-	d.Unbound.overrideWith(other.Unbound)
-	d.Blacklist.overrideWith(other.Blacklist)
-}
-
-func (d *DoT) setDefaults() {
-	d.Enabled = helpers.DefaultBool(d.Enabled, true)
-	const defaultUpdatePeriod = 24 * time.Hour
-	d.UpdatePeriod = helpers.DefaultDuration(d.UpdatePeriod, defaultUpdatePeriod)
-	d.Unbound.setDefaults()
-	d.Blacklist.setDefaults()
-}
-
-func (d DoT) String() string {
-	return d.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (d DoT) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("DNS over TLS settings:")
-
-	node.Appendf("Enabled: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(d.Enabled))
-	if !*d.Enabled {
-		return node
-	}
-
-	update := "disabled"
-	if *d.UpdatePeriod > 0 {
-		update = "every " + d.UpdatePeriod.String()
-	}
-	node.Appendf("Update period: %s", update)
-
-	node.AppendNode(d.Unbound.toLinesNode())
-	node.AppendNode(d.Blacklist.toLinesNode())
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/errors.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/errors.go
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import "errors"
-
-var (
-	ErrCityNotValid                    = errors.New("the city specified is not valid")
-	ErrControlServerPrivilegedPort     = errors.New("cannot use privileged port without running as root")
-	ErrCountryNotValid                 = errors.New("the country specified is not valid")
-	ErrFirewallZeroPort                = errors.New("cannot have a zero port to block")
-	ErrHostnameNotValid                = errors.New("the hostname specified is not valid")
-	ErrISPNotValid                     = errors.New("the ISP specified is not valid")
-	ErrNameNotValid                    = errors.New("the server name specified is not valid")
-	ErrOpenVPNClientCertMissing        = errors.New("client certificate is missing")
-	ErrOpenVPNClientCertNotValid       = errors.New("client certificate is not valid")
-	ErrOpenVPNClientKeyMissing         = errors.New("client key is missing")
-	ErrOpenVPNClientKeyNotValid        = errors.New("client key is not valid")
-	ErrOpenVPNConfigFile               = errors.New("custom configuration file error")
-	ErrOpenVPNCustomPortNotAllowed     = errors.New("custom endpoint port is not allowed")
-	ErrOpenVPNEncryptionPresetNotValid = errors.New("PIA encryption preset is not valid")
-	ErrOpenVPNInterfaceNotValid        = errors.New("interface name is not valid")
-	ErrOpenVPNMSSFixIsTooHigh          = errors.New("mssfix option value is too high")
-	ErrOpenVPNPasswordIsEmpty          = errors.New("password is empty")
-	ErrOpenVPNTCPNotSupported          = errors.New("TCP protocol is not supported")
-	ErrOpenVPNUserIsEmpty              = errors.New("user is empty")
-	ErrOpenVPNVerbosityIsOutOfBounds   = errors.New("verbosity value is out of bounds")
-	ErrOpenVPNVersionIsNotValid        = errors.New("version is not valid")
-	ErrPortForwardingEnabled           = errors.New("port forwarding cannot be enabled")
-	ErrPortForwardingFilepathNotValid  = errors.New("port forwarding filepath given is not valid")
-	ErrPublicIPFilepathNotValid        = errors.New("public IP address file path is not valid")
-	ErrPublicIPPeriodTooShort          = errors.New("public IP address check period is too short")
-	ErrRegionNotValid                  = errors.New("the region specified is not valid")
-	ErrServerAddressNotValid           = errors.New("server listening address is not valid")
-	ErrSystemPGIDNotValid              = errors.New("process group id is not valid")
-	ErrSystemPUIDNotValid              = errors.New("process user id is not valid")
-	ErrSystemTimezoneNotValid          = errors.New("timezone is not valid")
-	ErrVPNProviderNameNotValid         = errors.New("VPN provider name is not valid")
-	ErrVPNTypeNotValid                 = errors.New("VPN type is not valid")
-	ErrWireguardEndpointIPNotSet       = errors.New("endpoint IP is not set")
-	ErrWireguardEndpointPortNotAllowed = errors.New("endpoint port is not allowed")
-	ErrWireguardEndpointPortNotSet     = errors.New("endpoint port is not set")
-	ErrWireguardInterfaceAddressNotSet = errors.New("interface address is not set")
-	ErrWireguardInterfaceNotValid      = errors.New("interface name is not valid")
-	ErrWireguardPreSharedKeyNotSet     = errors.New("pre-shared key is not set")
-	ErrWireguardPreSharedKeyNotValid   = errors.New("pre-shared key is not valid")
-	ErrWireguardPrivateKeyNotSet       = errors.New("private key is not set")
-	ErrWireguardPrivateKeyNotValid     = errors.New("private key is not valid")
-	ErrWireguardPublicKeyNotSet        = errors.New("public key is not set")
-	ErrWireguardPublicKeyNotValid      = errors.New("public key is not valid")
-
-	ErrUpdaterPeriodTooSmall = errors.New("VPN server data updater period is too small")
-)
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/firewall.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/firewall.go
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// Firewall contains settings to customize the firewall operation.
-type Firewall struct {
-	VPNInputPorts   []uint16
-	InputPorts      []uint16
-	OutboundSubnets []net.IPNet
-	Enabled         *bool
-	Debug           *bool
-}
-
-func (f Firewall) validate() (err error) {
-	if hasZeroPort(f.VPNInputPorts) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("VPN input ports: %w", ErrFirewallZeroPort)
-	}
-
-	if hasZeroPort(f.InputPorts) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("input ports: %w", ErrFirewallZeroPort)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func hasZeroPort(ports []uint16) (has bool) {
-	for _, port := range ports {
-		if port == 0 {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func (f *Firewall) copy() (copied Firewall) {
-	return Firewall{
-		VPNInputPorts:   helpers.CopyUint16Slice(f.VPNInputPorts),
-		InputPorts:      helpers.CopyUint16Slice(f.InputPorts),
-		OutboundSubnets: helpers.CopyIPNetSlice(f.OutboundSubnets),
-		Enabled:         helpers.CopyBoolPtr(f.Enabled),
-		Debug:           helpers.CopyBoolPtr(f.Debug),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-// It merges values of slices together, even if they
-// are set in the receiver settings.
-func (f *Firewall) mergeWith(other Firewall) {
-	f.VPNInputPorts = helpers.MergeUint16Slices(f.VPNInputPorts, other.VPNInputPorts)
-	f.InputPorts = helpers.MergeUint16Slices(f.InputPorts, other.InputPorts)
-	f.OutboundSubnets = helpers.MergeIPNetsSlices(f.OutboundSubnets, other.OutboundSubnets)
-	f.Enabled = helpers.MergeWithBool(f.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	f.Debug = helpers.MergeWithBool(f.Debug, other.Debug)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (f *Firewall) overrideWith(other Firewall) {
-	f.VPNInputPorts = helpers.OverrideWithUint16Slice(f.VPNInputPorts, other.VPNInputPorts)
-	f.InputPorts = helpers.OverrideWithUint16Slice(f.InputPorts, other.InputPorts)
-	f.OutboundSubnets = helpers.OverrideWithIPNetsSlice(f.OutboundSubnets, other.OutboundSubnets)
-	f.Enabled = helpers.OverrideWithBool(f.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	f.Debug = helpers.OverrideWithBool(f.Debug, other.Debug)
-}
-
-func (f *Firewall) setDefaults() {
-	f.Enabled = helpers.DefaultBool(f.Enabled, true)
-	f.Debug = helpers.DefaultBool(f.Debug, false)
-}
-
-func (f Firewall) String() string {
-	return f.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (f Firewall) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Firewall settings:")
-
-	node.Appendf("Enabled: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(f.Enabled))
-	if !*f.Enabled {
-		return node
-	}
-
-	if *f.Debug {
-		node.Appendf("Debug mode: on")
-	}
-
-	if len(f.VPNInputPorts) > 0 {
-		vpnInputPortsNode := node.Appendf("VPN input ports:")
-		for _, port := range f.VPNInputPorts {
-			vpnInputPortsNode.Appendf("%d", port)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(f.InputPorts) > 0 {
-		inputPortsNode := node.Appendf("Input ports:")
-		for _, port := range f.InputPorts {
-			inputPortsNode.Appendf("%d", port)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(f.OutboundSubnets) > 0 {
-		outboundSubnets := node.Appendf("Outbound subnets:")
-		for _, subnet := range f.OutboundSubnets {
-			outboundSubnets.Appendf("%s", subnet)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/health.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/health.go
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-	"github.com/qdm12/govalid/address"
-)
-
-// Health contains settings for the healthcheck and health server.
-type Health struct {
-	// ServerAddress is the listening address
-	// for the health check server.
-	// It cannot be the empty string in the internal state.
-	ServerAddress string
-	// TargetAddress is the address (host or host:port)
-	// to TCP dial to periodically for the health check.
-	// It cannot be the empty string in the internal state.
-	TargetAddress string
-	VPN           HealthyWait
-}
-
-func (h Health) Validate() (err error) {
-	uid := os.Getuid()
-	_, err = address.Validate(h.ServerAddress,
-		address.OptionListening(uid))
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s",
-			ErrServerAddressNotValid, err)
-	}
-
-	err = h.VPN.validate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("health VPN settings validation failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (h *Health) copy() (copied Health) {
-	return Health{
-		ServerAddress: h.ServerAddress,
-		TargetAddress: h.TargetAddress,
-		VPN:           h.VPN.copy(),
-	}
-}
-
-// MergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (h *Health) MergeWith(other Health) {
-	h.ServerAddress = helpers.MergeWithString(h.ServerAddress, other.ServerAddress)
-	h.TargetAddress = helpers.MergeWithString(h.TargetAddress, other.TargetAddress)
-	h.VPN.mergeWith(other.VPN)
-}
-
-// OverrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (h *Health) OverrideWith(other Health) {
-	h.ServerAddress = helpers.OverrideWithString(h.ServerAddress, other.ServerAddress)
-	h.TargetAddress = helpers.OverrideWithString(h.TargetAddress, other.TargetAddress)
-	h.VPN.overrideWith(other.VPN)
-}
-
-func (h *Health) SetDefaults() {
-	h.ServerAddress = helpers.DefaultString(h.ServerAddress, "127.0.0.1:9999")
-	h.TargetAddress = helpers.DefaultString(h.TargetAddress, "github.com:443")
-	h.VPN.setDefaults()
-}
-
-func (h Health) String() string {
-	return h.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (h Health) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Health settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Server listening address: %s", h.ServerAddress)
-	node.Appendf("Target address: %s", h.TargetAddress)
-	node.AppendNode(h.VPN.toLinesNode("VPN"))
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/healthywait.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/healthywait.go
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-type HealthyWait struct {
-	// Initial is the initial duration to wait for the program
-	// to be healthy before taking action.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Initial *time.Duration
-	// Addition is the duration to add to the Initial duration
-	// after Initial has expired to wait longer for the program
-	// to be healthy.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Addition *time.Duration
-}
-
-func (h HealthyWait) validate() (err error) {
-	return nil
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (h *HealthyWait) copy() (copied HealthyWait) {
-	return HealthyWait{
-		Initial:  helpers.CopyDurationPtr(h.Initial),
-		Addition: helpers.CopyDurationPtr(h.Addition),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (h *HealthyWait) mergeWith(other HealthyWait) {
-	h.Initial = helpers.MergeWithDuration(h.Initial, other.Initial)
-	h.Addition = helpers.MergeWithDuration(h.Addition, other.Addition)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (h *HealthyWait) overrideWith(other HealthyWait) {
-	h.Initial = helpers.OverrideWithDuration(h.Initial, other.Initial)
-	h.Addition = helpers.OverrideWithDuration(h.Addition, other.Addition)
-}
-
-func (h *HealthyWait) setDefaults() {
-	const initialDurationDefault = 6 * time.Second
-	const additionDurationDefault = 5 * time.Second
-	h.Initial = helpers.DefaultDuration(h.Initial, initialDurationDefault)
-	h.Addition = helpers.DefaultDuration(h.Addition, additionDurationDefault)
-}
-
-func (h HealthyWait) String() string {
-	return h.toLinesNode("Health").String()
-}
-
-func (h HealthyWait) toLinesNode(kind string) (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New(kind + " wait durations:")
-	node.Appendf("Initial duration: %s", *h.Initial)
-	node.Appendf("Additional duration: %s", *h.Addition)
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/belong.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/belong.go
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-func IsOneOf(value string, choices ...string) (ok bool) {
-	for _, choice := range choices {
-		if value == choice {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-var ErrValueNotOneOf = errors.New("value is not one of the possible choices")
-
-func AreAllOneOf(values, choices []string) (err error) {
-	set := make(map[string]struct{}, len(choices))
-	for _, choice := range choices {
-		choice = strings.ToLower(choice)
-		set[choice] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	for _, value := range values {
-		_, ok := set[value]
-		if !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: value %q, choices available are %s",
-				ErrValueNotOneOf, value, strings.Join(choices, ", "))
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func Uint16IsOneOf(port uint16, choices []uint16) (ok bool) {
-	for _, choice := range choices {
-		if port == choice {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/copy.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/copy.go
@@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
-	"inet.af/netaddr"
-)
-
-func CopyStringPtr(original *string) (copied *string) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	copied = new(string)
-	*copied = *original
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyBoolPtr(original *bool) (copied *bool) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	copied = new(bool)
-	*copied = *original
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyUint8Ptr(original *uint8) (copied *uint8) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	copied = new(uint8)
-	*copied = *original
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyUint16Ptr(original *uint16) (copied *uint16) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	copied = new(uint16)
-	*copied = *original
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyIntPtr(original *int) (copied *int) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	copied = new(int)
-	*copied = *original
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyDurationPtr(original *time.Duration) (copied *time.Duration) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	copied = new(time.Duration)
-	*copied = *original
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyLogLevelPtr(original *logging.Level) (copied *logging.Level) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	copied = new(logging.Level)
-	*copied = *original
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyIP(original net.IP) (copied net.IP) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	copied = make(net.IP, len(original))
-	copy(copied, original)
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyIPNet(original net.IPNet) (copied net.IPNet) {
-	if original.IP != nil {
-		copied.IP = make(net.IP, len(original.IP))
-		copy(copied.IP, original.IP)
-	}
-
-	if original.Mask != nil {
-		copied.Mask = make(net.IPMask, len(original.Mask))
-		copy(copied.Mask, original.Mask)
-	}
-
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyIPNetPtr(original *net.IPNet) (copied *net.IPNet) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	copied = new(net.IPNet)
-	*copied = CopyIPNet(*original)
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyNetaddrIP(original netaddr.IP) (copied netaddr.IP) {
-	b, err := original.MarshalBinary()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	err = copied.UnmarshalBinary(b)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyIPPrefix(original netaddr.IPPrefix) (copied netaddr.IPPrefix) {
-	b, err := original.MarshalText()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	err = copied.UnmarshalText(b)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyStringSlice(original []string) (copied []string) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	copied = make([]string, len(original))
-	copy(copied, original)
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyUint16Slice(original []uint16) (copied []uint16) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	copied = make([]uint16, len(original))
-	copy(copied, original)
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyIPNetSlice(original []net.IPNet) (copied []net.IPNet) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	copied = make([]net.IPNet, len(original))
-	for i := range original {
-		copied[i] = CopyIPNet(original[i])
-	}
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyIPPrefixSlice(original []netaddr.IPPrefix) (copied []netaddr.IPPrefix) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	copied = make([]netaddr.IPPrefix, len(original))
-	for i := range original {
-		copied[i] = CopyIPPrefix(original[i])
-	}
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyNetaddrIPsSlice(original []netaddr.IP) (copied []netaddr.IP) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	copied = make([]netaddr.IP, len(original))
-	for i := range original {
-		copied[i] = CopyNetaddrIP(original[i])
-	}
-
-	return copied
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/default.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/default.go
@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
-)
-
-func DefaultInt(existing *int, defaultValue int) (
-	result *int) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(int)
-	*result = defaultValue
-	return result
-}
-
-func DefaultUint8(existing *uint8, defaultValue uint8) (
-	result *uint8) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(uint8)
-	*result = defaultValue
-	return result
-}
-
-func DefaultUint16(existing *uint16, defaultValue uint16) (
-	result *uint16) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(uint16)
-	*result = defaultValue
-	return result
-}
-
-func DefaultBool(existing *bool, defaultValue bool) (
-	result *bool) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(bool)
-	*result = defaultValue
-	return result
-}
-
-func DefaultString(existing string, defaultValue string) (
-	result string) {
-	if existing != "" {
-		return existing
-	}
-	return defaultValue
-}
-
-func DefaultStringPtr(existing *string, defaultValue string) (result *string) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(string)
-	*result = defaultValue
-	return result
-}
-
-func DefaultDuration(existing *time.Duration,
-	defaultValue time.Duration) (result *time.Duration) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(time.Duration)
-	*result = defaultValue
-	return result
-}
-
-func DefaultLogLevel(existing *logging.Level,
-	defaultValue logging.Level) (result *logging.Level) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(logging.Level)
-	*result = defaultValue
-	return result
-}
-
-func DefaultIP(existing net.IP, defaultValue net.IP) (
-	result net.IP) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	return defaultValue
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/files.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/files.go
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-)
-
-var (
-	ErrFileDoesNotExist = errors.New("file does not exist")
-	ErrFileRead         = errors.New("cannot read file")
-	ErrFileClose        = errors.New("cannot close file")
-)
-
-func FileExists(path string) (err error) {
-	path = filepath.Clean(path)
-
-	f, err := os.Open(path)
-	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrFileDoesNotExist, path)
-	} else if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrFileRead, err)
-	}
-
-	if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrFileClose, err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/merge.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/merge.go
@@ -1,226 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
-	"inet.af/netaddr"
-)
-
-func MergeWithBool(existing, other *bool) (result *bool) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	} else if other == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	result = new(bool)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeWithString(existing, other string) (result string) {
-	if existing != "" {
-		return existing
-	}
-	return other
-}
-
-func MergeWithStringPtr(existing, other *string) (result *string) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	} else if other == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	result = new(string)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeWithInt(existing, other *int) (result *int) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	} else if other == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	result = new(int)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeWithUint8(existing, other *uint8) (result *uint8) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	} else if other == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	result = new(uint8)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeWithUint16(existing, other *uint16) (result *uint16) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	} else if other == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	result = new(uint16)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeWithIP(existing, other net.IP) (result net.IP) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	} else if other == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	result = make(net.IP, len(other))
-	copy(result, other)
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeWithDuration(existing, other *time.Duration) (result *time.Duration) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	return other
-}
-
-func MergeWithLogLevel(existing, other *logging.Level) (result *logging.Level) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	} else if other == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	result = new(logging.Level)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeStringSlices(a, b []string) (result []string) {
-	if a == nil && b == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(a)+len(b))
-	result = make([]string, 0, len(a)+len(b))
-	for _, s := range a {
-		if _, ok := seen[s]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, s)
-		seen[s] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	for _, s := range b {
-		if _, ok := seen[s]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, s)
-		seen[s] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeUint16Slices(a, b []uint16) (result []uint16) {
-	if a == nil && b == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	seen := make(map[uint16]struct{}, len(a)+len(b))
-	result = make([]uint16, 0, len(a)+len(b))
-	for _, n := range a {
-		if _, ok := seen[n]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, n)
-		seen[n] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	for _, n := range b {
-		if _, ok := seen[n]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, n)
-		seen[n] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeIPNetsSlices(a, b []net.IPNet) (result []net.IPNet) {
-	if a == nil && b == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(a)+len(b))
-	result = make([]net.IPNet, 0, len(a)+len(b))
-	for _, ipNet := range a {
-		key := ipNet.String()
-		if _, ok := seen[key]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, ipNet)
-		seen[key] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	for _, ipNet := range b {
-		key := ipNet.String()
-		if _, ok := seen[key]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, ipNet)
-		seen[key] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeNetaddrIPsSlices(a, b []netaddr.IP) (result []netaddr.IP) {
-	if a == nil && b == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(a)+len(b))
-	result = make([]netaddr.IP, 0, len(a)+len(b))
-	for _, ip := range a {
-		key := ip.String()
-		if _, ok := seen[key]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, ip)
-		seen[key] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	for _, ip := range b {
-		key := ip.String()
-		if _, ok := seen[key]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, ip)
-		seen[key] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeIPPrefixesSlices(a, b []netaddr.IPPrefix) (result []netaddr.IPPrefix) {
-	if a == nil && b == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(a)+len(b))
-	result = make([]netaddr.IPPrefix, 0, len(a)+len(b))
-	for _, ipPrefix := range a {
-		key := ipPrefix.String()
-		if _, ok := seen[key]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, ipPrefix)
-		seen[key] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	for _, ipPrefix := range b {
-		key := ipPrefix.String()
-		if _, ok := seen[key]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, ipPrefix)
-		seen[key] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	return result
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/messages.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/messages.go
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-func ChoicesOrString(choices []string) string {
-	return strings.Join(
-		choices[:len(choices)-1], ", ") +
-		" or " + choices[len(choices)-1]
-}
-
-func PortChoicesOrString(ports []uint16) (s string) {
-	switch len(ports) {
-	case 0:
-		return "there is no allowed port"
-	case 1:
-		return "allowed port is " + fmt.Sprint(ports[0])
-	}
-
-	s = "allowed ports are "
-	portStrings := make([]string, len(ports))
-	for i := range ports {
-		portStrings[i] = fmt.Sprint(ports[i])
-	}
-	s += ChoicesOrString(portStrings)
-	return s
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/obfuscate.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/obfuscate.go
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-func ObfuscateWireguardKey(fullKey string) (obfuscatedKey string) {
-	const minKeyLength = 10
-	if len(fullKey) < minKeyLength {
-		return "(too short)"
-	}
-
-	lastIndex := len(fullKey) - 1
-	return fullKey[0:2] + "..." + fullKey[lastIndex-2:]
-}
-
-func ObfuscatePassword(password string) (obfuscatedPassword string) {
-	if password != "" {
-		return "[set]"
-	}
-	return "[not set]"
-}
-
-func ObfuscateData(data string) (obfuscated string) {
-	if data != "" {
-		return "[set]"
-	}
-	return "[not set]"
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/override.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/override.go
@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
-	"inet.af/netaddr"
-)
-
-func OverrideWithBool(existing, other *bool) (result *bool) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(bool)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithString(existing, other string) (result string) {
-	if other == "" {
-		return existing
-	}
-	return other
-}
-
-func OverrideWithStringPtr(existing, other *string) (result *string) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(string)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithInt(existing, other *int) (result *int) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(int)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithUint8(existing, other *uint8) (result *uint8) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(uint8)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithUint16(existing, other *uint16) (result *uint16) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(uint16)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithIP(existing, other net.IP) (result net.IP) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = make(net.IP, len(other))
-	copy(result, other)
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithDuration(existing, other *time.Duration) (result *time.Duration) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(time.Duration)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithLogLevel(existing, other *logging.Level) (result *logging.Level) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(logging.Level)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithStringSlice(existing, other []string) (result []string) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = make([]string, len(other))
-	copy(result, other)
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithUint16Slice(existing, other []uint16) (result []uint16) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = make([]uint16, len(other))
-	copy(result, other)
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithIPNetsSlice(existing, other []net.IPNet) (result []net.IPNet) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = make([]net.IPNet, len(other))
-	copy(result, other)
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithNetaddrIPsSlice(existing, other []netaddr.IP) (result []netaddr.IP) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = make([]netaddr.IP, len(other))
-	copy(result, other)
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithIPPrefixesSlice(existing, other []netaddr.IPPrefix) (result []netaddr.IPPrefix) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = make([]netaddr.IPPrefix, len(other))
-	copy(result, other)
-	return result
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/pointers.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/pointers.go
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-import "time"
-
-// StringPtr returns a pointer to the string value
-// passed as argument.
-func StringPtr(s string) *string { return &s }
-
-// DurationPtr returns a pointer to the duration value
-// passed as argument.
-func DurationPtr(d time.Duration) *time.Duration { return &d }
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/string.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/string.go
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-func BoolPtrToYesNo(b *bool) string {
-	if *b {
-		return "yes"
-	}
-	return "no"
-}
-
-func TCPPtrToString(tcp *bool) string {
-	if *tcp {
-		return "TCP"
-	}
-	return "UDP"
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers_test.go
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-func boolPtr(b bool) *bool    { return &b }
-func uint8Ptr(n uint8) *uint8 { return &n }
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/httpproxy.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/httpproxy.go
@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-	"github.com/qdm12/govalid/address"
-)
-
-// HTTPProxy contains settings to configure the HTTP proxy.
-type HTTPProxy struct {
-	// User is the username to use for the HTTP proxy.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	User *string
-	// Password is the password to use for the HTTP proxy.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Password *string
-	// ListeningAddress is the listening address
-	// of the HTTP proxy server.
-	// It cannot be the empty string in the internal state.
-	ListeningAddress string
-	// Enabled is true if the HTTP proxy server should run,
-	// and false otherwise. It cannot be nil in the
-	// internal state.
-	Enabled *bool
-	// Stealth is true if the HTTP proxy server should hide
-	// each request has been proxied to the destination.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Stealth *bool
-	// Log is true if the HTTP proxy server should log
-	// each request/response. It cannot be nil in the
-	// internal state.
-	Log *bool
-}
-
-func (h HTTPProxy) validate() (err error) {
-	// Do not validate user and password
-
-	uid := os.Getuid()
-	_, err = address.Validate(h.ListeningAddress, address.OptionListening(uid))
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s",
-			ErrServerAddressNotValid, h.ListeningAddress)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (h *HTTPProxy) copy() (copied HTTPProxy) {
-	return HTTPProxy{
-		User:             helpers.CopyStringPtr(h.User),
-		Password:         helpers.CopyStringPtr(h.Password),
-		ListeningAddress: h.ListeningAddress,
-		Enabled:          helpers.CopyBoolPtr(h.Enabled),
-		Stealth:          helpers.CopyBoolPtr(h.Stealth),
-		Log:              helpers.CopyBoolPtr(h.Log),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (h *HTTPProxy) mergeWith(other HTTPProxy) {
-	h.User = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(h.User, other.User)
-	h.Password = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(h.Password, other.Password)
-	h.ListeningAddress = helpers.MergeWithString(h.ListeningAddress, other.ListeningAddress)
-	h.Enabled = helpers.MergeWithBool(h.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	h.Stealth = helpers.MergeWithBool(h.Stealth, other.Stealth)
-	h.Log = helpers.MergeWithBool(h.Log, other.Log)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (h *HTTPProxy) overrideWith(other HTTPProxy) {
-	h.User = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(h.User, other.User)
-	h.Password = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(h.Password, other.Password)
-	h.ListeningAddress = helpers.OverrideWithString(h.ListeningAddress, other.ListeningAddress)
-	h.Enabled = helpers.OverrideWithBool(h.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	h.Stealth = helpers.OverrideWithBool(h.Stealth, other.Stealth)
-	h.Log = helpers.OverrideWithBool(h.Log, other.Log)
-}
-
-func (h *HTTPProxy) setDefaults() {
-	h.User = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(h.User, "")
-	h.Password = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(h.Password, "")
-	h.ListeningAddress = helpers.DefaultString(h.ListeningAddress, ":8888")
-	h.Enabled = helpers.DefaultBool(h.Enabled, false)
-	h.Stealth = helpers.DefaultBool(h.Stealth, false)
-	h.Log = helpers.DefaultBool(h.Log, false)
-}
-
-func (h HTTPProxy) String() string {
-	return h.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (h HTTPProxy) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("HTTP proxy settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Enabled: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(h.Enabled))
-	if !*h.Enabled {
-		return node
-	}
-
-	node.Appendf("Listening address: %s", h.ListeningAddress)
-	node.Appendf("User: %s", *h.User)
-	node.Appendf("Password: %s", helpers.ObfuscatePassword(*h.Password))
-	node.Appendf("Stealth mode: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(h.Stealth))
-	node.Appendf("Log: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(h.Log))
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/log.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/log.go
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// Log contains settings to configure the logger.
-type Log struct {
-	// Level is the log level of the logger.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Level *logging.Level
-}
-
-func (l Log) validate() (err error) {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (l *Log) copy() (copied Log) {
-	return Log{
-		Level: helpers.CopyLogLevelPtr(l.Level),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (l *Log) mergeWith(other Log) {
-	l.Level = helpers.MergeWithLogLevel(l.Level, other.Level)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (l *Log) overrideWith(other Log) {
-	l.Level = helpers.OverrideWithLogLevel(l.Level, other.Level)
-}
-
-func (l *Log) setDefaults() {
-	l.Level = helpers.DefaultLogLevel(l.Level, logging.LevelInfo)
-}
-
-func (l Log) String() string {
-	return l.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (l Log) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Log settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Log level: %s", l.Level.String())
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/openvpn.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/openvpn.go
@@ -1,320 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/openvpn/parse"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// OpenVPN contains settings to configure the OpenVPN client.
-type OpenVPN struct {
-	// Version is the OpenVPN version to run.
-	// It can only be "2.4" or "2.5".
-	Version string
-	// User is the OpenVPN authentication username.
-	// It cannot be an empty string in the internal state
-	// if OpenVPN is used.
-	User string
-	// Password is the OpenVPN authentication password.
-	// It cannot be an empty string in the internal state
-	// if OpenVPN is used.
-	Password string
-	// ConfFile is a custom OpenVPN configuration file path.
-	// It can be set to the empty string for it to be ignored.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	ConfFile *string
-	// Ciphers is a list of ciphers to use for OpenVPN,
-	// different from the ones specified by the VPN
-	// service provider configuration files.
-	Ciphers []string
-	// Auth is an auth algorithm to use in OpenVPN instead
-	// of the one specified by the VPN service provider.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	// It is ignored if it is set to the empty string.
-	Auth *string
-	// ClientCrt is the OpenVPN client certificate.
-	// This is notably used by Cyberghost.
-	// It can be set to the empty string to be ignored.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	ClientCrt *string
-	// ClientKey is the OpenVPN client key.
-	// This is used by Cyberghost and VPN Unlimited.
-	// It can be set to the empty string to be ignored.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	ClientKey *string
-	// PIAEncPreset is the encryption preset for
-	// Private Internet Access. It can be set to an
-	// empty string for other providers.
-	PIAEncPreset *string
-	// IPv6 is set to true if IPv6 routing should be
-	// set to be tunnel in OpenVPN, and false otherwise.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	IPv6 *bool // TODO automate like with Wireguard
-	// MSSFix is the value (1 to 10000) to set for the
-	// mssfix option for OpenVPN. It is ignored if set to 0.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	MSSFix *uint16
-	// Interface is the OpenVPN device interface name.
-	// It cannot be an empty string in the internal state.
-	Interface string
-	// Root is true if OpenVPN is to be run as root,
-	// and false otherwise. It cannot be nil in the
-	// internal state.
-	Root *bool
-	// ProcUser is the OpenVPN process OS username
-	// to use. It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	// This is set and injected at runtime.
-	// TODO only use ProcUser and not Root field.
-	ProcUser string
-	// Verbosity is the OpenVPN verbosity level from 0 to 6.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Verbosity *int
-	// Flags is a slice of additional flags to be passed
-	// to the OpenVPN program.
-	Flags []string
-}
-
-func (o OpenVPN) validate(vpnProvider string) (err error) {
-	// Validate version
-	validVersions := []string{constants.Openvpn24, constants.Openvpn25}
-	if !helpers.IsOneOf(o.Version, validVersions...) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %q can only be one of %s",
-			ErrOpenVPNVersionIsNotValid, o.Version, strings.Join(validVersions, ", "))
-	}
-
-	isCustom := vpnProvider == constants.Custom
-
-	if !isCustom && o.User == "" {
-		return ErrOpenVPNUserIsEmpty
-	}
-
-	if !isCustom && o.Password == "" {
-		return ErrOpenVPNPasswordIsEmpty
-	}
-
-	// Validate ConfFile
-	if isCustom {
-		if *o.ConfFile == "" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: no file path specified", ErrOpenVPNConfigFile)
-		}
-		err := helpers.FileExists(*o.ConfFile)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrOpenVPNConfigFile, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Check client certificate
-	switch vpnProvider {
-	case
-		constants.Cyberghost,
-		constants.VPNUnlimited:
-		if *o.ClientCrt == "" {
-			return ErrOpenVPNClientCertMissing
-		}
-	}
-	if *o.ClientCrt != "" {
-		_, err = parse.ExtractCert([]byte(*o.ClientCrt))
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrOpenVPNClientCertNotValid, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Check client key
-	switch vpnProvider {
-	case
-		constants.Cyberghost,
-		constants.VPNUnlimited,
-		constants.Wevpn:
-		if *o.ClientKey == "" {
-			return ErrOpenVPNClientKeyMissing
-		}
-	}
-	if *o.ClientKey != "" {
-		_, err = parse.ExtractPrivateKey([]byte(*o.ClientKey))
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrOpenVPNClientKeyNotValid, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Validate MSSFix
-	const maxMSSFix = 10000
-	if *o.MSSFix > maxMSSFix {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d is over the maximum value of %d",
-			ErrOpenVPNMSSFixIsTooHigh, *o.MSSFix, maxMSSFix)
-	}
-
-	if !regexpInterfaceName.MatchString(o.Interface) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: '%s' does not match regex '%s'",
-			ErrOpenVPNInterfaceNotValid, o.Interface, regexpInterfaceName)
-	}
-
-	// Validate Verbosity
-	if *o.Verbosity < 0 || *o.Verbosity > 6 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d can only be between 0 and 5",
-			ErrOpenVPNVerbosityIsOutOfBounds, o.Verbosity)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPN) copy() (copied OpenVPN) {
-	return OpenVPN{
-		Version:      o.Version,
-		User:         o.User,
-		Password:     o.Password,
-		ConfFile:     helpers.CopyStringPtr(o.ConfFile),
-		Ciphers:      helpers.CopyStringSlice(o.Ciphers),
-		Auth:         helpers.CopyStringPtr(o.Auth),
-		ClientCrt:    helpers.CopyStringPtr(o.ClientCrt),
-		ClientKey:    helpers.CopyStringPtr(o.ClientKey),
-		PIAEncPreset: helpers.CopyStringPtr(o.PIAEncPreset),
-		IPv6:         helpers.CopyBoolPtr(o.IPv6),
-		MSSFix:       helpers.CopyUint16Ptr(o.MSSFix),
-		Interface:    o.Interface,
-		Root:         helpers.CopyBoolPtr(o.Root),
-		ProcUser:     o.ProcUser,
-		Verbosity:    helpers.CopyIntPtr(o.Verbosity),
-		Flags:        helpers.CopyStringSlice(o.Flags),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (o *OpenVPN) mergeWith(other OpenVPN) {
-	o.Version = helpers.MergeWithString(o.Version, other.Version)
-	o.User = helpers.MergeWithString(o.User, other.User)
-	o.Password = helpers.MergeWithString(o.Password, other.Password)
-	o.ConfFile = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(o.ConfFile, other.ConfFile)
-	o.Ciphers = helpers.MergeStringSlices(o.Ciphers, other.Ciphers)
-	o.Auth = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(o.Auth, other.Auth)
-	o.ClientCrt = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(o.ClientCrt, other.ClientCrt)
-	o.ClientKey = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(o.ClientKey, other.ClientKey)
-	o.PIAEncPreset = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(o.PIAEncPreset, other.PIAEncPreset)
-	o.IPv6 = helpers.MergeWithBool(o.IPv6, other.IPv6)
-	o.MSSFix = helpers.MergeWithUint16(o.MSSFix, other.MSSFix)
-	o.Interface = helpers.MergeWithString(o.Interface, other.Interface)
-	o.Root = helpers.MergeWithBool(o.Root, other.Root)
-	o.ProcUser = helpers.MergeWithString(o.ProcUser, other.ProcUser)
-	o.Verbosity = helpers.MergeWithInt(o.Verbosity, other.Verbosity)
-	o.Flags = helpers.MergeStringSlices(o.Flags, other.Flags)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (o *OpenVPN) overrideWith(other OpenVPN) {
-	o.Version = helpers.OverrideWithString(o.Version, other.Version)
-	o.User = helpers.OverrideWithString(o.User, other.User)
-	o.Password = helpers.OverrideWithString(o.Password, other.Password)
-	o.ConfFile = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(o.ConfFile, other.ConfFile)
-	o.Ciphers = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(o.Ciphers, other.Ciphers)
-	o.Auth = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(o.Auth, other.Auth)
-	o.ClientCrt = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(o.ClientCrt, other.ClientCrt)
-	o.ClientKey = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(o.ClientKey, other.ClientKey)
-	o.PIAEncPreset = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(o.PIAEncPreset, other.PIAEncPreset)
-	o.IPv6 = helpers.OverrideWithBool(o.IPv6, other.IPv6)
-	o.MSSFix = helpers.OverrideWithUint16(o.MSSFix, other.MSSFix)
-	o.Interface = helpers.OverrideWithString(o.Interface, other.Interface)
-	o.Root = helpers.OverrideWithBool(o.Root, other.Root)
-	o.ProcUser = helpers.OverrideWithString(o.ProcUser, other.ProcUser)
-	o.Verbosity = helpers.OverrideWithInt(o.Verbosity, other.Verbosity)
-	o.Flags = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(o.Flags, other.Flags)
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPN) setDefaults(vpnProvider string) {
-	o.Version = helpers.DefaultString(o.Version, constants.Openvpn25)
-	if vpnProvider == constants.Mullvad {
-		o.Password = "m"
-	}
-
-	o.ConfFile = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(o.ConfFile, "")
-	o.Auth = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(o.Auth, "")
-	o.ClientCrt = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(o.ClientCrt, "")
-	o.ClientKey = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(o.ClientKey, "")
-
-	var defaultEncPreset string
-	if vpnProvider == constants.PrivateInternetAccess {
-		defaultEncPreset = constants.PIAEncryptionPresetStrong
-	}
-	o.PIAEncPreset = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(o.PIAEncPreset, defaultEncPreset)
-
-	o.IPv6 = helpers.DefaultBool(o.IPv6, false)
-	o.MSSFix = helpers.DefaultUint16(o.MSSFix, 0)
-	o.Interface = helpers.DefaultString(o.Interface, "tun0")
-	o.Root = helpers.DefaultBool(o.Root, true)
-	o.ProcUser = helpers.DefaultString(o.ProcUser, "root")
-	o.Verbosity = helpers.DefaultInt(o.Verbosity, 1)
-}
-
-func (o OpenVPN) String() string {
-	return o.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (o OpenVPN) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("OpenVPN settings:")
-	node.Appendf("OpenVPN version: %s", o.Version)
-	node.Appendf("User: %s", helpers.ObfuscatePassword(o.User))
-	node.Appendf("Password: %s", helpers.ObfuscatePassword(o.Password))
-
-	if *o.ConfFile != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Custom configuration file: %s", *o.ConfFile)
-	}
-
-	if len(o.Ciphers) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Ciphers: %s", o.Ciphers)
-	}
-
-	if *o.Auth != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Auth: %s", *o.Auth)
-	}
-
-	if *o.ClientCrt != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Client crt: %s", helpers.ObfuscateData(*o.ClientCrt))
-	}
-
-	if *o.ClientKey != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Client key: %s", helpers.ObfuscateData(*o.ClientKey))
-	}
-
-	if *o.PIAEncPreset != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Private Internet Access encryption preset: %s", *o.PIAEncPreset)
-	}
-
-	node.Appendf("Tunnel IPv6: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(o.IPv6))
-
-	if *o.MSSFix > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("MSS Fix: %d", *o.MSSFix)
-	}
-
-	if o.Interface != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Network interface: %s", o.Interface)
-	}
-
-	processUser := "root"
-	if !*o.Root {
-		processUser = "some non root user" // TODO
-		if o.ProcUser != "" {
-			processUser = o.ProcUser
-		}
-	}
-	node.Appendf("Run OpenVPN as: %s", processUser)
-
-	node.Appendf("Verbosity level: %d", *o.Verbosity)
-
-	if len(o.Flags) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Flags: %s", o.Flags)
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
-
-// WithDefaults is a shorthand using setDefaults.
-// It's used in unit tests in other packages.
-func (o OpenVPN) WithDefaults(provider string) OpenVPN {
-	o.setDefaults(provider)
-	return o
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/openvpnselection.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/openvpnselection.go
@@ -1,170 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-type OpenVPNSelection struct {
-	// ConfFile is the custom configuration file path.
-	// It can be set to an empty string to indicate to
-	// NOT use a custom configuration file.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	ConfFile *string
-	// TCP is true if the OpenVPN protocol is TCP,
-	// and false for UDP.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	TCP *bool
-	// CustomPort is the OpenVPN server endpoint port.
-	// It can be set to 0 to indicate no custom port should
-	// be used. It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	CustomPort *uint16 // HideMyAss, Mullvad, PIA, ProtonVPN, WeVPN, Windscribe
-	// PIAEncPreset is the encryption preset for
-	// Private Internet Access. It can be set to an
-	// empty string for other providers.
-	PIAEncPreset *string
-}
-
-func (o OpenVPNSelection) validate(vpnProvider string) (err error) {
-	// Validate ConfFile
-	if confFile := *o.ConfFile; confFile != "" {
-		err := helpers.FileExists(confFile)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrOpenVPNConfigFile, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Validate TCP
-	if *o.TCP && helpers.IsOneOf(vpnProvider,
-		constants.Perfectprivacy,
-		constants.Privado,
-		constants.Vyprvpn,
-	) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: for VPN service provider %s",
-			ErrOpenVPNTCPNotSupported, vpnProvider)
-	}
-
-	// Validate CustomPort
-	if *o.CustomPort != 0 {
-		switch vpnProvider {
-		// no restriction on port
-		case constants.Cyberghost, constants.HideMyAss,
-			constants.PrivateInternetAccess, constants.Privatevpn,
-			constants.Protonvpn, constants.Torguard:
-		// no custom port allowed
-		case constants.Expressvpn, constants.Fastestvpn,
-			constants.Ipvanish, constants.Nordvpn,
-			constants.Privado, constants.Purevpn,
-			constants.Surfshark, constants.VPNUnlimited,
-			constants.Vyprvpn:
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: for VPN service provider %s",
-				ErrOpenVPNCustomPortNotAllowed, vpnProvider)
-		default:
-			var allowedTCP, allowedUDP []uint16
-			switch vpnProvider {
-			case constants.Ivpn:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{80, 443, 1143}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{53, 1194, 2049, 2050}
-			case constants.Mullvad:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{80, 443, 1401}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{53, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1400}
-			case constants.Perfectprivacy:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{44, 443, 4433}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{44, 443, 4433}
-			case constants.Wevpn:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{53, 1195, 1199, 2018}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{80, 1194, 1198}
-			case constants.Windscribe:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{21, 22, 80, 123, 143, 443, 587, 1194, 3306, 8080, 54783}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{53, 80, 123, 443, 1194, 54783}
-			}
-
-			if *o.TCP && !helpers.Uint16IsOneOf(*o.CustomPort, allowedTCP) {
-				return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d for VPN service provider %s; %s",
-					ErrOpenVPNCustomPortNotAllowed, o.CustomPort, vpnProvider,
-					helpers.PortChoicesOrString(allowedTCP))
-			} else if !*o.TCP && !helpers.Uint16IsOneOf(*o.CustomPort, allowedUDP) {
-				return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d for VPN service provider %s; %s",
-					ErrOpenVPNCustomPortNotAllowed, o.CustomPort, vpnProvider,
-					helpers.PortChoicesOrString(allowedUDP))
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Validate EncPreset
-	if vpnProvider == constants.PrivateInternetAccess {
-		validEncryptionPresets := []string{
-			constants.PIAEncryptionPresetNone,
-			constants.PIAEncryptionPresetNormal,
-			constants.PIAEncryptionPresetStrong,
-		}
-		if !helpers.IsOneOf(*o.PIAEncPreset, validEncryptionPresets...) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s; valid presets are %s",
-				ErrOpenVPNEncryptionPresetNotValid, *o.PIAEncPreset,
-				helpers.ChoicesOrString(validEncryptionPresets))
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPNSelection) copy() (copied OpenVPNSelection) {
-	return OpenVPNSelection{
-		ConfFile:     helpers.CopyStringPtr(o.ConfFile),
-		TCP:          helpers.CopyBoolPtr(o.TCP),
-		CustomPort:   helpers.CopyUint16Ptr(o.CustomPort),
-		PIAEncPreset: helpers.CopyStringPtr(o.PIAEncPreset),
-	}
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPNSelection) mergeWith(other OpenVPNSelection) {
-	o.ConfFile = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(o.ConfFile, other.ConfFile)
-	o.TCP = helpers.MergeWithBool(o.TCP, other.TCP)
-	o.CustomPort = helpers.MergeWithUint16(o.CustomPort, other.CustomPort)
-	o.PIAEncPreset = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(o.PIAEncPreset, other.PIAEncPreset)
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPNSelection) overrideWith(other OpenVPNSelection) {
-	o.ConfFile = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(o.ConfFile, other.ConfFile)
-	o.TCP = helpers.OverrideWithBool(o.TCP, other.TCP)
-	o.CustomPort = helpers.OverrideWithUint16(o.CustomPort, other.CustomPort)
-	o.PIAEncPreset = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(o.PIAEncPreset, other.PIAEncPreset)
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPNSelection) setDefaults(vpnProvider string) {
-	o.ConfFile = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(o.ConfFile, "")
-	o.TCP = helpers.DefaultBool(o.TCP, false)
-	o.CustomPort = helpers.DefaultUint16(o.CustomPort, 0)
-
-	var defaultEncPreset string
-	if vpnProvider == constants.PrivateInternetAccess {
-		defaultEncPreset = constants.PIAEncryptionPresetStrong
-	}
-	o.PIAEncPreset = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(o.PIAEncPreset, defaultEncPreset)
-}
-
-func (o OpenVPNSelection) String() string {
-	return o.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (o OpenVPNSelection) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("OpenVPN server selection settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Protocol: %s", helpers.TCPPtrToString(o.TCP))
-
-	if *o.CustomPort != 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Custom port: %d", *o.CustomPort)
-	}
-
-	if *o.PIAEncPreset != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Private Internet Access encryption preset: %s", *o.PIAEncPreset)
-	}
-
-	if *o.ConfFile != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Custom configuration file: %s", *o.ConfFile)
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/portforward.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/portforward.go
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// PortForwarding contains settings for port forwarding.
-type PortForwarding struct {
-	// Enabled is true if port forwarding should be activated.
-	// It cannot be nil for the internal state.
-	Enabled *bool
-	// Filepath is the port forwarding status file path
-	// to use. It can be the empty string to indicate not
-	// to write to a file. It cannot be nil for the
-	// internal state
-	Filepath *string
-}
-
-func (p PortForwarding) validate(vpnProvider string) (err error) {
-	if !*p.Enabled {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Validate Enabled
-	validProviders := []string{constants.PrivateInternetAccess}
-	if !helpers.IsOneOf(vpnProvider, validProviders...) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: for provider %s, it is only available for %s",
-			ErrPortForwardingEnabled, vpnProvider, strings.Join(validProviders, ", "))
-	}
-
-	// Validate Filepath
-	if *p.Filepath != "" { // optional
-		_, err := filepath.Abs(*p.Filepath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrPortForwardingFilepathNotValid, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (p *PortForwarding) copy() (copied PortForwarding) {
-	return PortForwarding{
-		Enabled:  helpers.CopyBoolPtr(p.Enabled),
-		Filepath: helpers.CopyStringPtr(p.Filepath),
-	}
-}
-
-func (p *PortForwarding) mergeWith(other PortForwarding) {
-	p.Enabled = helpers.MergeWithBool(p.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	p.Filepath = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(p.Filepath, other.Filepath)
-}
-
-func (p *PortForwarding) overrideWith(other PortForwarding) {
-	p.Enabled = helpers.OverrideWithBool(p.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	p.Filepath = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(p.Filepath, other.Filepath)
-}
-
-func (p *PortForwarding) setDefaults() {
-	p.Enabled = helpers.DefaultBool(p.Enabled, false)
-	p.Filepath = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(p.Filepath, "/tmp/gluetun/forwarded_port")
-}
-
-func (p PortForwarding) String() string {
-	return p.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (p PortForwarding) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	if !*p.Enabled {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	node = gotree.New("Automatic port forwarding settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Enabled: yes")
-
-	filepath := *p.Filepath
-	if filepath == "" {
-		filepath = "[not set]"
-	}
-	node.Appendf("Forwarded port file path: %s", filepath)
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/portforward_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/portforward_test.go
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func Test_PortForwarding_String(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	settings := PortForwarding{
-		Enabled: boolPtr(false),
-	}
-
-	s := settings.String()
-
-	assert.Empty(t, s)
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/provider.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/provider.go
@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// Provider contains settings specific to a VPN provider.
-type Provider struct {
-	// Name is the VPN service provider name.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Name *string
-	// ServerSelection is the settings to
-	// select the VPN server.
-	ServerSelection ServerSelection
-	// PortForwarding is the settings about port forwarding.
-	PortForwarding PortForwarding
-}
-
-// TODO v4 remove pointer for receiver (because of Surfshark).
-func (p *Provider) validate(vpnType string, allServers models.AllServers) (err error) {
-	// Validate Name
-	var validNames []string
-	if vpnType == constants.OpenVPN {
-		validNames = constants.AllProviders()
-		validNames = append(validNames, "pia") // Retro-compatibility
-	} else { // Wireguard
-		validNames = []string{
-			constants.Custom,
-			constants.Ivpn,
-			constants.Mullvad,
-			constants.Windscribe,
-		}
-	}
-	if !helpers.IsOneOf(*p.Name, validNames...) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %q can only be one of %s",
-			ErrVPNProviderNameNotValid, *p.Name, helpers.ChoicesOrString(validNames))
-	}
-
-	err = p.ServerSelection.validate(*p.Name, allServers)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("server selection settings validation failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = p.PortForwarding.validate(*p.Name)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("port forwarding settings validation failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (p *Provider) copy() (copied Provider) {
-	return Provider{
-		Name:            helpers.CopyStringPtr(p.Name),
-		ServerSelection: p.ServerSelection.copy(),
-		PortForwarding:  p.PortForwarding.copy(),
-	}
-}
-
-func (p *Provider) mergeWith(other Provider) {
-	p.Name = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(p.Name, other.Name)
-	p.ServerSelection.mergeWith(other.ServerSelection)
-	p.PortForwarding.mergeWith(other.PortForwarding)
-}
-
-func (p *Provider) overrideWith(other Provider) {
-	p.Name = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(p.Name, other.Name)
-	p.ServerSelection.overrideWith(other.ServerSelection)
-	p.PortForwarding.overrideWith(other.PortForwarding)
-}
-
-func (p *Provider) setDefaults() {
-	p.Name = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(p.Name, constants.PrivateInternetAccess)
-	p.ServerSelection.setDefaults(*p.Name)
-	p.PortForwarding.setDefaults()
-}
-
-func (p Provider) String() string {
-	return p.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (p Provider) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("VPN provider settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Name: %s", *p.Name)
-	node.AppendNode(p.ServerSelection.toLinesNode())
-	node.AppendNode(p.PortForwarding.toLinesNode())
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/publicip.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/publicip.go
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// PublicIP contains settings for port forwarding.
-type PublicIP struct {
-	// Period is the period to get the public IP address.
-	// It can be set to 0 to disable periodic checking.
-	// It cannot be nil for the internal state.
-	// TODO change to value and add enabled field
-	Period *time.Duration
-	// IPFilepath is the public IP address status file path
-	// to use. It can be the empty string to indicate not
-	// to write to a file. It cannot be nil for the
-	// internal state
-	IPFilepath *string
-}
-
-func (p PublicIP) validate() (err error) {
-	const minPeriod = 5 * time.Second
-	if *p.Period < minPeriod {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s must be at least %s",
-			ErrPublicIPPeriodTooShort, p.Period, minPeriod)
-	}
-
-	if *p.IPFilepath != "" { // optional
-		_, err := filepath.Abs(*p.IPFilepath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrPublicIPFilepathNotValid, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (p *PublicIP) copy() (copied PublicIP) {
-	return PublicIP{
-		Period:     helpers.CopyDurationPtr(p.Period),
-		IPFilepath: helpers.CopyStringPtr(p.IPFilepath),
-	}
-}
-
-func (p *PublicIP) mergeWith(other PublicIP) {
-	p.Period = helpers.MergeWithDuration(p.Period, other.Period)
-	p.IPFilepath = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(p.IPFilepath, other.IPFilepath)
-}
-
-func (p *PublicIP) overrideWith(other PublicIP) {
-	p.Period = helpers.OverrideWithDuration(p.Period, other.Period)
-	p.IPFilepath = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(p.IPFilepath, other.IPFilepath)
-}
-
-func (p *PublicIP) setDefaults() {
-	const defaultPeriod = 12 * time.Hour
-	p.Period = helpers.DefaultDuration(p.Period, defaultPeriod)
-	p.IPFilepath = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(p.IPFilepath, "/tmp/gluetun/ip")
-}
-
-func (p PublicIP) String() string {
-	return p.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (p PublicIP) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Public IP settings:")
-
-	if *p.Period == 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Enabled: no")
-		return node
-	}
-
-	updatePeriod := "disabled"
-	if *p.Period > 0 {
-		updatePeriod = "every " + p.Period.String()
-	}
-	node.Appendf("Fetching: %s", updatePeriod)
-
-	if *p.IPFilepath != "" {
-		node.Appendf("IP file path: %s", *p.IPFilepath)
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/server.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/server.go
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// ControlServer contains settings to customize the control server operation.
-type ControlServer struct {
-	// Port is the listening port to use.
-	// It can be set to 0 to bind to a random port.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	// TODO change to address
-	Port *uint16
-	// Log can be true or false to enable logging on requests.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Log *bool
-}
-
-func (c ControlServer) validate() (err error) {
-	uid := os.Getuid()
-	const maxPrivilegedPort uint16 = 1023
-	if uid != 0 && *c.Port <= maxPrivilegedPort {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d when running with user ID %d",
-			ErrControlServerPrivilegedPort, *c.Port, uid)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (c *ControlServer) copy() (copied ControlServer) {
-	return ControlServer{
-		Port: helpers.CopyUint16Ptr(c.Port),
-		Log:  helpers.CopyBoolPtr(c.Log),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (c *ControlServer) mergeWith(other ControlServer) {
-	c.Port = helpers.MergeWithUint16(c.Port, other.Port)
-	c.Log = helpers.MergeWithBool(c.Log, other.Log)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (c *ControlServer) overrideWith(other ControlServer) {
-	c.Port = helpers.MergeWithUint16(c.Port, other.Port)
-	c.Log = helpers.MergeWithBool(c.Log, other.Log)
-}
-
-func (c *ControlServer) setDefaults() {
-	const defaultPort = 8000
-	c.Port = helpers.DefaultUint16(c.Port, defaultPort)
-	c.Log = helpers.DefaultBool(c.Log, true)
-}
-
-func (c ControlServer) String() string {
-	return c.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (c ControlServer) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Control server settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Listening port: %d", *c.Port)
-	node.Appendf("Logging: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(c.Log))
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/serverselection.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/serverselection.go
@@ -1,389 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-type ServerSelection struct { //nolint:maligned
-	// VPN is the VPN type which can be 'openvpn'
-	// or 'wireguard'. It cannot be the empty string
-	// in the internal state.
-	VPN string
-	// TargetIP is the server endpoint IP address to use.
-	// It will override any IP address from the picked
-	// built-in server. It cannot be nil in the internal
-	// state, and can be set to an empty net.IP{} to indicate
-	// there is not target IP address to use.
-	TargetIP net.IP
-	// Counties is the list of countries to filter VPN servers with.
-	Countries []string
-	// Regions is the list of regions to filter VPN servers with.
-	Regions []string
-	// Cities is the list of cities to filter VPN servers with.
-	Cities []string
-	// ISPs is the list of ISP names to filter VPN servers with.
-	ISPs []string
-	// Names is the list of server names to filter VPN servers with.
-	Names []string
-	// Numbers is the list of server numbers to filter VPN servers with.
-	Numbers []uint16
-	// Hostnames is the list of hostnames to filter VPN servers with.
-	Hostnames []string
-	// OwnedOnly is true if only VPN provider owned servers
-	// should be filtered. This is used with Mullvad.
-	OwnedOnly *bool
-	// FreeOnly is true if only free VPN servers
-	// should be filtered. This is used with ProtonVPN.
-	FreeOnly *bool
-	// FreeOnly is true if only free VPN servers
-	// should be filtered. This is used with ProtonVPN.
-	StreamOnly *bool
-	// MultiHopOnly is true if only multihop VPN servers
-	// should be filtered. This is used with Surfshark.
-	MultiHopOnly *bool
-
-	// OpenVPN contains settings to select OpenVPN servers
-	// and the final connection.
-	OpenVPN OpenVPNSelection
-	// Wireguard contains settings to select Wireguard servers
-	// and the final connection.
-	Wireguard WireguardSelection
-}
-
-func (ss *ServerSelection) validate(vpnServiceProvider string,
-	allServers models.AllServers) (err error) {
-	switch ss.VPN {
-	case constants.OpenVPN, constants.Wireguard:
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrVPNTypeNotValid, ss.VPN)
-	}
-
-	var countryChoices, regionChoices, cityChoices,
-		ispChoices, nameChoices, hostnameChoices []string
-	switch vpnServiceProvider {
-	case constants.Custom:
-	case constants.Cyberghost:
-		servers := allServers.GetCyberghost()
-		countryChoices = constants.CyberghostCountryChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.CyberghostHostnameChoices(servers)
-	case constants.Expressvpn:
-		servers := allServers.GetExpressvpn()
-		countryChoices = constants.ExpressvpnCountriesChoices(servers)
-		cityChoices = constants.ExpressvpnCityChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.ExpressvpnHostnameChoices(servers)
-	case constants.Fastestvpn:
-		servers := allServers.GetFastestvpn()
-		countryChoices = constants.FastestvpnCountriesChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.FastestvpnHostnameChoices(servers)
-	case constants.HideMyAss:
-		servers := allServers.GetHideMyAss()
-		countryChoices = constants.HideMyAssCountryChoices(servers)
-		regionChoices = constants.HideMyAssRegionChoices(servers)
-		cityChoices = constants.HideMyAssCityChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.HideMyAssHostnameChoices(servers)
-	case constants.Ipvanish:
-		servers := allServers.GetIpvanish()
-		countryChoices = constants.IpvanishCountryChoices(servers)
-		cityChoices = constants.IpvanishCityChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.IpvanishHostnameChoices(servers)
-	case constants.Ivpn:
-		servers := allServers.GetIvpn()
-		countryChoices = constants.IvpnCountryChoices(servers)
-		cityChoices = constants.IvpnCityChoices(servers)
-		ispChoices = constants.IvpnISPChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.IvpnHostnameChoices(servers)
-	case constants.Mullvad:
-		servers := allServers.GetMullvad()
-		countryChoices = constants.MullvadCountryChoices(servers)
-		cityChoices = constants.MullvadCityChoices(servers)
-		ispChoices = constants.MullvadISPChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.MullvadHostnameChoices(servers)
-	case constants.Nordvpn:
-		servers := allServers.GetNordvpn()
-		regionChoices = constants.NordvpnRegionChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.NordvpnHostnameChoices(servers)
-	case constants.Perfectprivacy:
-		servers := allServers.GetPerfectprivacy()
-		cityChoices = constants.PerfectprivacyCityChoices(servers)
-	case constants.Privado:
-		servers := allServers.GetPrivado()
-		countryChoices = constants.PrivadoCountryChoices(servers)
-		regionChoices = constants.PrivadoRegionChoices(servers)
-		cityChoices = constants.PrivadoCityChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.PrivadoHostnameChoices(servers)
-	case constants.PrivateInternetAccess:
-		servers := allServers.GetPia()
-		regionChoices = constants.PIAGeoChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.PIAHostnameChoices(servers)
-		nameChoices = constants.PIANameChoices(servers)
-	case constants.Privatevpn:
-		servers := allServers.GetPrivatevpn()
-		countryChoices = constants.PrivatevpnCountryChoices(servers)
-		cityChoices = constants.PrivatevpnCityChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.PrivatevpnHostnameChoices(servers)
-	case constants.Protonvpn:
-		servers := allServers.GetProtonvpn()
-		countryChoices = constants.ProtonvpnCountryChoices(servers)
-		regionChoices = constants.ProtonvpnRegionChoices(servers)
-		cityChoices = constants.ProtonvpnCityChoices(servers)
-		nameChoices = constants.ProtonvpnNameChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.ProtonvpnHostnameChoices(servers)
-	case constants.Purevpn:
-		servers := allServers.GetPurevpn()
-		countryChoices = constants.PurevpnCountryChoices(servers)
-		regionChoices = constants.PurevpnRegionChoices(servers)
-		cityChoices = constants.PurevpnCityChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.PurevpnHostnameChoices(servers)
-	case constants.Surfshark:
-		servers := allServers.GetSurfshark()
-		countryChoices = constants.SurfsharkCountryChoices(servers)
-		cityChoices = constants.SurfsharkCityChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.SurfsharkHostnameChoices(servers)
-		regionChoices = constants.SurfsharkRegionChoices(servers)
-		// TODO v4 remove
-		regionChoices = append(regionChoices, constants.SurfsharkRetroLocChoices(servers)...)
-		if err := helpers.AreAllOneOf(ss.Regions, regionChoices); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrRegionNotValid, err)
-		}
-		// Retro compatibility
-		// TODO remove in v4
-		*ss = surfsharkRetroRegion(*ss)
-	case constants.Torguard:
-		servers := allServers.GetTorguard()
-		countryChoices = constants.TorguardCountryChoices(servers)
-		cityChoices = constants.TorguardCityChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.TorguardHostnameChoices(servers)
-	case constants.VPNUnlimited:
-		servers := allServers.GetVPNUnlimited()
-		countryChoices = constants.VPNUnlimitedCountryChoices(servers)
-		cityChoices = constants.VPNUnlimitedCityChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.VPNUnlimitedHostnameChoices(servers)
-	case constants.Vyprvpn:
-		servers := allServers.GetVyprvpn()
-		regionChoices = constants.VyprvpnRegionChoices(servers)
-	case constants.Wevpn:
-		servers := allServers.GetWevpn()
-		cityChoices = constants.WevpnCityChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.WevpnHostnameChoices(servers)
-	case constants.Windscribe:
-		servers := allServers.GetWindscribe()
-		regionChoices = constants.WindscribeRegionChoices(servers)
-		cityChoices = constants.WindscribeCityChoices(servers)
-		hostnameChoices = constants.WindscribeHostnameChoices(servers)
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrVPNProviderNameNotValid, vpnServiceProvider)
-	}
-
-	err = validateServerFilters(*ss, countryChoices, regionChoices, cityChoices,
-		ispChoices, nameChoices, hostnameChoices)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err // already wrapped error
-	}
-
-	if ss.VPN == constants.OpenVPN {
-		err = ss.OpenVPN.validate(vpnServiceProvider)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("OpenVPN server selection settings validation failed: %w", err)
-		}
-	} else {
-		err = ss.Wireguard.validate(vpnServiceProvider)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Wireguard server selection settings validation failed: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// validateServerFilters validates filters against the choices given as arguments.
-// Set an argument to nil to pass the check for a particular filter.
-func validateServerFilters(settings ServerSelection,
-	countryChoices, regionChoices, cityChoices, ispChoices,
-	nameChoices, hostnameChoices []string) (err error) {
-	if countryChoices != nil {
-		if err := helpers.AreAllOneOf(settings.Countries, countryChoices); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrCountryNotValid, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if regionChoices != nil {
-		if err := helpers.AreAllOneOf(settings.Regions, regionChoices); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrRegionNotValid, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if cityChoices != nil {
-		if err := helpers.AreAllOneOf(settings.Cities, cityChoices); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrCityNotValid, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if ispChoices != nil {
-		if err := helpers.AreAllOneOf(settings.ISPs, ispChoices); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrISPNotValid, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if hostnameChoices != nil {
-		if err := helpers.AreAllOneOf(settings.Hostnames, hostnameChoices); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrHostnameNotValid, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if nameChoices != nil {
-		if err := helpers.AreAllOneOf(settings.Names, nameChoices); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrNameNotValid, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (ss *ServerSelection) copy() (copied ServerSelection) {
-	return ServerSelection{
-		VPN:          ss.VPN,
-		TargetIP:     helpers.CopyIP(ss.TargetIP),
-		Countries:    helpers.CopyStringSlice(ss.Countries),
-		Regions:      helpers.CopyStringSlice(ss.Regions),
-		Cities:       helpers.CopyStringSlice(ss.Cities),
-		ISPs:         helpers.CopyStringSlice(ss.ISPs),
-		Hostnames:    helpers.CopyStringSlice(ss.Hostnames),
-		Names:        helpers.CopyStringSlice(ss.Names),
-		Numbers:      helpers.CopyUint16Slice(ss.Numbers),
-		OwnedOnly:    helpers.CopyBoolPtr(ss.OwnedOnly),
-		FreeOnly:     helpers.CopyBoolPtr(ss.FreeOnly),
-		StreamOnly:   helpers.CopyBoolPtr(ss.StreamOnly),
-		MultiHopOnly: helpers.CopyBoolPtr(ss.MultiHopOnly),
-		OpenVPN:      ss.OpenVPN.copy(),
-		Wireguard:    ss.Wireguard.copy(),
-	}
-}
-
-func (ss *ServerSelection) mergeWith(other ServerSelection) {
-	ss.VPN = helpers.MergeWithString(ss.VPN, other.VPN)
-	ss.TargetIP = helpers.MergeWithIP(ss.TargetIP, other.TargetIP)
-	ss.Countries = helpers.MergeStringSlices(ss.Countries, other.Countries)
-	ss.Regions = helpers.MergeStringSlices(ss.Regions, other.Regions)
-	ss.Cities = helpers.MergeStringSlices(ss.Cities, other.Cities)
-	ss.ISPs = helpers.MergeStringSlices(ss.ISPs, other.ISPs)
-	ss.Hostnames = helpers.MergeStringSlices(ss.Hostnames, other.Hostnames)
-	ss.Names = helpers.MergeStringSlices(ss.Names, other.Names)
-	ss.Numbers = helpers.MergeUint16Slices(ss.Numbers, other.Numbers)
-	ss.OwnedOnly = helpers.MergeWithBool(ss.OwnedOnly, other.OwnedOnly)
-	ss.FreeOnly = helpers.MergeWithBool(ss.FreeOnly, other.FreeOnly)
-	ss.StreamOnly = helpers.MergeWithBool(ss.StreamOnly, other.StreamOnly)
-	ss.MultiHopOnly = helpers.MergeWithBool(ss.MultiHopOnly, other.MultiHopOnly)
-
-	ss.OpenVPN.mergeWith(other.OpenVPN)
-	ss.Wireguard.mergeWith(other.Wireguard)
-}
-
-func (ss *ServerSelection) overrideWith(other ServerSelection) {
-	ss.VPN = helpers.OverrideWithString(ss.VPN, other.VPN)
-	ss.TargetIP = helpers.OverrideWithIP(ss.TargetIP, other.TargetIP)
-	ss.Countries = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(ss.Countries, other.Countries)
-	ss.Regions = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(ss.Regions, other.Regions)
-	ss.Cities = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(ss.Cities, other.Cities)
-	ss.ISPs = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(ss.ISPs, other.ISPs)
-	ss.Hostnames = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(ss.Hostnames, other.Hostnames)
-	ss.Names = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(ss.Names, other.Names)
-	ss.Numbers = helpers.OverrideWithUint16Slice(ss.Numbers, other.Numbers)
-	ss.OwnedOnly = helpers.OverrideWithBool(ss.OwnedOnly, other.OwnedOnly)
-	ss.FreeOnly = helpers.OverrideWithBool(ss.FreeOnly, other.FreeOnly)
-	ss.StreamOnly = helpers.OverrideWithBool(ss.StreamOnly, other.StreamOnly)
-	ss.MultiHopOnly = helpers.OverrideWithBool(ss.MultiHopOnly, other.MultiHopOnly)
-	ss.OpenVPN.overrideWith(other.OpenVPN)
-	ss.Wireguard.overrideWith(other.Wireguard)
-}
-
-func (ss *ServerSelection) setDefaults(vpnProvider string) {
-	ss.VPN = helpers.DefaultString(ss.VPN, constants.OpenVPN)
-	ss.TargetIP = helpers.DefaultIP(ss.TargetIP, net.IP{})
-	ss.OwnedOnly = helpers.DefaultBool(ss.OwnedOnly, false)
-	ss.FreeOnly = helpers.DefaultBool(ss.FreeOnly, false)
-	ss.StreamOnly = helpers.DefaultBool(ss.StreamOnly, false)
-	ss.MultiHopOnly = helpers.DefaultBool(ss.MultiHopOnly, false)
-	ss.OpenVPN.setDefaults(vpnProvider)
-	ss.Wireguard.setDefaults()
-}
-
-func (ss ServerSelection) String() string {
-	return ss.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (ss ServerSelection) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Server selection settings:")
-	node.Appendf("VPN type: %s", ss.VPN)
-	if len(ss.TargetIP) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Target IP address: %s", ss.TargetIP)
-	}
-
-	if len(ss.Countries) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Countries: %s", strings.Join(ss.Countries, ", "))
-	}
-
-	if len(ss.Regions) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Regions: %s", strings.Join(ss.Regions, ", "))
-	}
-
-	if len(ss.Cities) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Cities: %s", strings.Join(ss.Cities, ", "))
-	}
-
-	if len(ss.ISPs) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("ISPs: %s", strings.Join(ss.ISPs, ", "))
-	}
-
-	if len(ss.Names) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Server names: %s", strings.Join(ss.Names, ", "))
-	}
-
-	if len(ss.Numbers) > 0 {
-		numbersNode := node.Appendf("Server numbers:")
-		for _, number := range ss.Numbers {
-			numbersNode.Appendf("%d", number)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(ss.Hostnames) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Hostnames: %s", strings.Join(ss.Hostnames, ", "))
-	}
-
-	if *ss.OwnedOnly {
-		node.Appendf("Owned only servers: yes")
-	}
-
-	if *ss.FreeOnly {
-		node.Appendf("Free only servers: yes")
-	}
-
-	if *ss.StreamOnly {
-		node.Appendf("Stream only servers: yes")
-	}
-
-	if *ss.MultiHopOnly {
-		node.Appendf("Multi-hop only servers: yes")
-	}
-
-	if ss.VPN == constants.OpenVPN {
-		node.AppendNode(ss.OpenVPN.toLinesNode())
-	} else {
-		node.AppendNode(ss.Wireguard.toLinesNode())
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
-
-// WithDefaults is a shorthand using setDefaults.
-// It's used in unit tests in other packages.
-func (ss ServerSelection) WithDefaults(provider string) ServerSelection {
-	ss.setDefaults(provider)
-	return ss
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/settings.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/settings.go
@@ -1,147 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-type Settings struct {
-	ControlServer ControlServer
-	DNS           DNS
-	Firewall      Firewall
-	Health        Health
-	HTTPProxy     HTTPProxy
-	Log           Log
-	PublicIP      PublicIP
-	Shadowsocks   Shadowsocks
-	System        System
-	Updater       Updater
-	Version       Version
-	VPN           VPN
-}
-
-// Validate validates all the settings and returns an error
-// if one of them is not valid.
-// TODO v4 remove pointer for receiver (because of Surfshark).
-func (s *Settings) Validate(allServers models.AllServers) (err error) {
-	nameToValidation := map[string]func() error{
-		"control server":  s.ControlServer.validate,
-		"dns":             s.DNS.validate,
-		"firewall":        s.Firewall.validate,
-		"health":          s.Health.Validate,
-		"http proxy":      s.HTTPProxy.validate,
-		"log":             s.Log.validate,
-		"public ip check": s.PublicIP.validate,
-		"shadowsocks":     s.Shadowsocks.validate,
-		"system":          s.System.validate,
-		"updater":         s.Updater.Validate,
-		"version":         s.Version.validate,
-		"VPN": func() error {
-			return s.VPN.validate(allServers)
-		},
-	}
-
-	for name, validation := range nameToValidation {
-		err = validation()
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed validating %s settings: %w", name, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *Settings) copy() (copied Settings) {
-	return Settings{
-		ControlServer: s.ControlServer.copy(),
-		DNS:           s.DNS.Copy(),
-		Firewall:      s.Firewall.copy(),
-		Health:        s.Health.copy(),
-		HTTPProxy:     s.HTTPProxy.copy(),
-		Log:           s.Log.copy(),
-		PublicIP:      s.PublicIP.copy(),
-		Shadowsocks:   s.Shadowsocks.copy(),
-		System:        s.System.copy(),
-		Updater:       s.Updater.copy(),
-		Version:       s.Version.copy(),
-		VPN:           s.VPN.copy(),
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *Settings) MergeWith(other Settings) {
-	s.ControlServer.mergeWith(other.ControlServer)
-	s.DNS.mergeWith(other.DNS)
-	s.Firewall.mergeWith(other.Firewall)
-	s.Health.MergeWith(other.Health)
-	s.HTTPProxy.mergeWith(other.HTTPProxy)
-	s.Log.mergeWith(other.Log)
-	s.PublicIP.mergeWith(other.PublicIP)
-	s.Shadowsocks.mergeWith(other.Shadowsocks)
-	s.System.mergeWith(other.System)
-	s.Updater.mergeWith(other.Updater)
-	s.Version.mergeWith(other.Version)
-	s.VPN.mergeWith(other.VPN)
-}
-
-func (s *Settings) OverrideWith(other Settings,
-	allServers models.AllServers) (err error) {
-	patchedSettings := s.copy()
-	patchedSettings.ControlServer.overrideWith(other.ControlServer)
-	patchedSettings.DNS.overrideWith(other.DNS)
-	patchedSettings.Firewall.overrideWith(other.Firewall)
-	patchedSettings.Health.OverrideWith(other.Health)
-	patchedSettings.HTTPProxy.overrideWith(other.HTTPProxy)
-	patchedSettings.Log.overrideWith(other.Log)
-	patchedSettings.PublicIP.overrideWith(other.PublicIP)
-	patchedSettings.Shadowsocks.overrideWith(other.Shadowsocks)
-	patchedSettings.System.overrideWith(other.System)
-	patchedSettings.Updater.overrideWith(other.Updater)
-	patchedSettings.Version.overrideWith(other.Version)
-	patchedSettings.VPN.overrideWith(other.VPN)
-	err = patchedSettings.Validate(allServers)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	*s = patchedSettings
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *Settings) SetDefaults() {
-	s.ControlServer.setDefaults()
-	s.DNS.setDefaults()
-	s.Firewall.setDefaults()
-	s.Health.SetDefaults()
-	s.HTTPProxy.setDefaults()
-	s.Log.setDefaults()
-	s.PublicIP.setDefaults()
-	s.Shadowsocks.setDefaults()
-	s.System.setDefaults()
-	s.Updater.SetDefaults()
-	s.Version.setDefaults()
-	s.VPN.setDefaults()
-}
-
-func (s Settings) String() string {
-	return s.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (s Settings) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Settings summary:")
-
-	node.AppendNode(s.VPN.toLinesNode())
-	node.AppendNode(s.DNS.toLinesNode())
-	node.AppendNode(s.Firewall.toLinesNode())
-	node.AppendNode(s.Log.toLinesNode())
-	node.AppendNode(s.Health.toLinesNode())
-	node.AppendNode(s.Shadowsocks.toLinesNode())
-	node.AppendNode(s.HTTPProxy.toLinesNode())
-	node.AppendNode(s.ControlServer.toLinesNode())
-	node.AppendNode(s.System.toLinesNode())
-	node.AppendNode(s.PublicIP.toLinesNode())
-	node.AppendNode(s.Updater.toLinesNode())
-	node.AppendNode(s.Version.toLinesNode())
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/settings_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/settings_test.go
@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func Test_Settings_String(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	withDefaults := func(s Settings) Settings {
-		s.SetDefaults()
-		return s
-	}
-
-	testCases := map[string]struct {
-		settings Settings
-		s        string
-	}{
-		"default settings": {
-			settings: withDefaults(Settings{}),
-			s: `Settings summary:
-├── VPN settings:
-|   ├── VPN provider settings:
-|   |   ├── Name: private internet access
-|   |   └── Server selection settings:
-|   |       ├── VPN type: openvpn
-|   |       └── OpenVPN server selection settings:
-|   |           ├── Protocol: UDP
-|   |           └── Private Internet Access encryption preset: strong
-|   └── OpenVPN settings:
-|       ├── OpenVPN version: 2.5
-|       ├── User: [not set]
-|       ├── Password: [not set]
-|       ├── Private Internet Access encryption preset: strong
-|       ├── Tunnel IPv6: no
-|       ├── Network interface: tun0
-|       ├── Run OpenVPN as: root
-|       └── Verbosity level: 1
-├── DNS settings:
-|   ├── DNS server address to use: 127.0.0.1
-|   ├── Keep existing nameserver(s): no
-|   └── DNS over TLS settings:
-|       ├── Enabled: yes
-|       ├── Update period: every 24h0m0s
-|       ├── Unbound settings:
-|       |   ├── Authoritative servers:
-|       |   |   └── Cloudflare
-|       |   ├── Caching: yes
-|       |   ├── IPv6: no
-|       |   ├── Verbosity level: 1
-|       |   ├── Verbosity details level: 0
-|       |   ├── Validation log level: 0
-|       |   ├── System user: root
-|       |   └── Allowed networks:
-|       |       ├── 0.0.0.0/0
-|       |       └── ::/0
-|       └── DNS filtering settings:
-|           ├── Block malicious: yes
-|           ├── Block ads: no
-|           └── Block surveillance: yes
-├── Firewall settings:
-|   └── Enabled: yes
-├── Log settings:
-|   └── Log level: INFO
-├── Health settings:
-|   ├── Server listening address: 127.0.0.1:9999
-|   ├── Target address: github.com:443
-|   └── VPN wait durations:
-|       ├── Initial duration: 6s
-|       └── Additional duration: 5s
-├── Shadowsocks server settings:
-|   └── Enabled: no
-├── HTTP proxy settings:
-|   └── Enabled: no
-├── Control server settings:
-|   ├── Listening port: 8000
-|   └── Logging: yes
-├── OS Alpine settings:
-|   ├── Process UID: 1000
-|   └── Process GID: 1000
-├── Public IP settings:
-|   ├── Fetching: every 12h0m0s
-|   └── IP file path: /tmp/gluetun/ip
-└── Version settings:
-    └── Enabled: yes`,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for name, testCase := range testCases {
-		testCase := testCase
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			s := testCase.settings.String()
-
-			assert.Equal(t, testCase.s, s)
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/shadowsocks.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/shadowsocks.go
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-	"github.com/qdm12/ss-server/pkg/tcpudp"
-)
-
-// Shadowsocks contains settings to configure the Shadowsocks server.
-type Shadowsocks struct {
-	// Enabled is true if the server should be running.
-	// It defaults to false, and cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Enabled *bool
-	// Settings are settings for the TCP+UDP server.
-	tcpudp.Settings
-}
-
-func (s Shadowsocks) validate() (err error) {
-	return s.Settings.Validate()
-}
-
-func (s *Shadowsocks) copy() (copied Shadowsocks) {
-	return Shadowsocks{
-		Enabled:  helpers.CopyBoolPtr(s.Enabled),
-		Settings: s.Settings.Copy(),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (s *Shadowsocks) mergeWith(other Shadowsocks) {
-	s.Enabled = helpers.MergeWithBool(s.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	s.Settings.MergeWith(other.Settings)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (s *Shadowsocks) overrideWith(other Shadowsocks) {
-	s.Enabled = helpers.OverrideWithBool(s.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	s.Settings.OverrideWith(other.Settings)
-}
-
-func (s *Shadowsocks) setDefaults() {
-	s.Enabled = helpers.DefaultBool(s.Enabled, false)
-	s.Settings.SetDefaults()
-}
-
-func (s Shadowsocks) String() string {
-	return s.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (s Shadowsocks) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Shadowsocks server settings:")
-
-	node.Appendf("Enabled: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(s.Enabled))
-	if !*s.Enabled {
-		return node
-	}
-
-	// TODO have ToLinesNode in qdm12/ss-server
-	node.Appendf("Listening address: %s", s.Address)
-	node.Appendf("Cipher: %s", s.CipherName)
-	node.Appendf("Password: %s", helpers.ObfuscatePassword(*s.Password))
-	node.Appendf("Log addresses: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(s.LogAddresses))
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/surfshark_retro.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/surfshark_retro.go
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
-)
-
-func surfsharkRetroRegion(selection ServerSelection) (
-	updatedSelection ServerSelection) {
-	locationData := constants.SurfsharkLocationData()
-
-	retroToLocation := make(map[string]models.SurfsharkLocationData, len(locationData))
-	for _, data := range locationData {
-		if data.RetroLoc == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-		retroToLocation[strings.ToLower(data.RetroLoc)] = data
-	}
-
-	for i, region := range selection.Regions {
-		location, ok := retroToLocation[region]
-		if !ok {
-			continue
-		}
-		selection.Regions[i] = strings.ToLower(location.Region)
-		selection.Countries = append(selection.Countries, strings.ToLower(location.Country))
-		selection.Cities = append(selection.Cities, strings.ToLower(location.City)) // even empty string
-		selection.Hostnames = append(selection.Hostnames, location.Hostname)
-	}
-
-	selection.Regions = dedupSlice(selection.Regions)
-	selection.Countries = dedupSlice(selection.Countries)
-	selection.Cities = dedupSlice(selection.Cities)
-	selection.Hostnames = dedupSlice(selection.Hostnames)
-
-	return selection
-}
-
-func dedupSlice(slice []string) (deduped []string) {
-	if slice == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	deduped = make([]string, 0, len(slice))
-	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(slice))
-	for _, s := range slice {
-		if _, ok := seen[s]; !ok {
-			seen[s] = struct{}{}
-			deduped = append(deduped, s)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return deduped
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/system.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/system.go
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// System contains settings to configure system related elements.
-type System struct {
-	PUID     *uint16
-	PGID     *uint16
-	Timezone string
-}
-
-// Validate validates System settings.
-func (s System) validate() (err error) {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *System) copy() (copied System) {
-	return System{
-		PUID:     helpers.CopyUint16Ptr(s.PUID),
-		PGID:     helpers.CopyUint16Ptr(s.PGID),
-		Timezone: s.Timezone,
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *System) mergeWith(other System) {
-	s.PUID = helpers.MergeWithUint16(s.PUID, other.PUID)
-	s.PGID = helpers.MergeWithUint16(s.PGID, other.PGID)
-	s.Timezone = helpers.MergeWithString(s.Timezone, other.Timezone)
-}
-
-func (s *System) overrideWith(other System) {
-	s.PUID = helpers.OverrideWithUint16(s.PUID, other.PUID)
-	s.PGID = helpers.OverrideWithUint16(s.PGID, other.PGID)
-	s.Timezone = helpers.OverrideWithString(s.Timezone, other.Timezone)
-}
-
-func (s *System) setDefaults() {
-	const defaultID = 1000
-	s.PUID = helpers.DefaultUint16(s.PUID, defaultID)
-	s.PGID = helpers.DefaultUint16(s.PGID, defaultID)
-}
-
-func (s System) String() string {
-	return s.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (s System) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("OS Alpine settings:")
-
-	node.Appendf("Process UID: %d", *s.PUID)
-	node.Appendf("Process GID: %d", *s.PGID)
-
-	if s.Timezone != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Timezone: %s", s.Timezone)
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/unbound.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/unbound.go
@@ -1,193 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/provider"
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/unbound"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-	"inet.af/netaddr"
-)
-
-// Unbound is settings for the Unbound program.
-type Unbound struct {
-	Providers             []string
-	Caching               *bool
-	IPv6                  *bool
-	VerbosityLevel        *uint8
-	VerbosityDetailsLevel *uint8
-	ValidationLogLevel    *uint8
-	Username              string
-	Allowed               []netaddr.IPPrefix
-}
-
-func (u *Unbound) setDefaults() {
-	if len(u.Providers) == 0 {
-		u.Providers = []string{
-			provider.Cloudflare().String(),
-		}
-	}
-
-	u.Caching = helpers.DefaultBool(u.Caching, true)
-	u.IPv6 = helpers.DefaultBool(u.IPv6, false)
-
-	const defaultVerbosityLevel = 1
-	u.VerbosityLevel = helpers.DefaultUint8(u.VerbosityLevel, defaultVerbosityLevel)
-
-	const defaultVerbosityDetailsLevel = 0
-	u.VerbosityDetailsLevel = helpers.DefaultUint8(u.VerbosityDetailsLevel, defaultVerbosityDetailsLevel)
-
-	const defaultValidationLogLevel = 0
-	u.ValidationLogLevel = helpers.DefaultUint8(u.ValidationLogLevel, defaultValidationLogLevel)
-
-	if u.Allowed == nil {
-		u.Allowed = []netaddr.IPPrefix{
-			netaddr.IPPrefixFrom(netaddr.IPv4(0, 0, 0, 0), 0),
-			netaddr.IPPrefixFrom(netaddr.IPv6Raw([16]byte{}), 0),
-		}
-	}
-
-	u.Username = helpers.DefaultString(u.Username, "root")
-}
-
-var (
-	ErrUnboundVerbosityLevelNotValid        = errors.New("Unbound verbosity level is not valid")
-	ErrUnboundVerbosityDetailsLevelNotValid = errors.New("Unbound verbosity details level is not valid")
-	ErrUnboundValidationLogLevelNotValid    = errors.New("Unbound validation log level is not valid")
-)
-
-func (u Unbound) validate() (err error) {
-	for _, s := range u.Providers {
-		_, err := provider.Parse(s)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	const maxVerbosityLevel = 5
-	if *u.VerbosityLevel > maxVerbosityLevel {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d must be between 0 and %d",
-			ErrUnboundVerbosityLevelNotValid,
-			*u.VerbosityLevel,
-			maxVerbosityLevel)
-	}
-
-	const maxVerbosityDetailsLevel = 4
-	if *u.VerbosityDetailsLevel > maxVerbosityDetailsLevel {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d must be between 0 and %d",
-			ErrUnboundVerbosityDetailsLevelNotValid,
-			*u.VerbosityDetailsLevel,
-			maxVerbosityDetailsLevel)
-	}
-
-	const maxValidationLogLevel = 2
-	if *u.ValidationLogLevel > maxValidationLogLevel {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d must be between 0 and %d",
-			ErrUnboundValidationLogLevelNotValid,
-			*u.ValidationLogLevel, maxValidationLogLevel)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (u Unbound) copy() (copied Unbound) {
-	return Unbound{
-		Providers:             helpers.CopyStringSlice(u.Providers),
-		Caching:               helpers.CopyBoolPtr(u.Caching),
-		IPv6:                  helpers.CopyBoolPtr(u.IPv6),
-		VerbosityLevel:        helpers.CopyUint8Ptr(u.VerbosityLevel),
-		VerbosityDetailsLevel: helpers.CopyUint8Ptr(u.VerbosityDetailsLevel),
-		ValidationLogLevel:    helpers.CopyUint8Ptr(u.ValidationLogLevel),
-		Username:              u.Username,
-		Allowed:               helpers.CopyIPPrefixSlice(u.Allowed),
-	}
-}
-
-func (u *Unbound) mergeWith(other Unbound) {
-	u.Providers = helpers.MergeStringSlices(u.Providers, other.Providers)
-	u.Caching = helpers.MergeWithBool(u.Caching, other.Caching)
-	u.IPv6 = helpers.MergeWithBool(u.IPv6, other.IPv6)
-	u.VerbosityLevel = helpers.MergeWithUint8(u.VerbosityLevel, other.VerbosityLevel)
-	u.VerbosityDetailsLevel = helpers.MergeWithUint8(u.VerbosityDetailsLevel, other.VerbosityDetailsLevel)
-	u.ValidationLogLevel = helpers.MergeWithUint8(u.ValidationLogLevel, other.ValidationLogLevel)
-	u.Username = helpers.MergeWithString(u.Username, other.Username)
-	u.Allowed = helpers.MergeIPPrefixesSlices(u.Allowed, other.Allowed)
-}
-
-func (u *Unbound) overrideWith(other Unbound) {
-	u.Providers = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(u.Providers, other.Providers)
-	u.Caching = helpers.OverrideWithBool(u.Caching, other.Caching)
-	u.IPv6 = helpers.OverrideWithBool(u.IPv6, other.IPv6)
-	u.VerbosityLevel = helpers.OverrideWithUint8(u.VerbosityLevel, other.VerbosityLevel)
-	u.VerbosityDetailsLevel = helpers.OverrideWithUint8(u.VerbosityDetailsLevel, other.VerbosityDetailsLevel)
-	u.ValidationLogLevel = helpers.OverrideWithUint8(u.ValidationLogLevel, other.ValidationLogLevel)
-	u.Username = helpers.OverrideWithString(u.Username, other.Username)
-	u.Allowed = helpers.OverrideWithIPPrefixesSlice(u.Allowed, other.Allowed)
-}
-
-func (u Unbound) ToUnboundFormat() (settings unbound.Settings, err error) {
-	providers := make([]provider.Provider, len(u.Providers))
-	for i := range providers {
-		providers[i], err = provider.Parse(u.Providers[i])
-		if err != nil {
-			return settings, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	const port = 53
-
-	return unbound.Settings{
-		ListeningPort:         port,
-		IPv4:                  true,
-		Providers:             providers,
-		Caching:               *u.Caching,
-		IPv6:                  *u.IPv6,
-		VerbosityLevel:        *u.VerbosityLevel,
-		VerbosityDetailsLevel: *u.VerbosityDetailsLevel,
-		ValidationLogLevel:    *u.ValidationLogLevel,
-		AccessControl: unbound.AccessControlSettings{
-			Allowed: u.Allowed,
-		},
-		Username: u.Username,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (u Unbound) GetFirstPlaintextIPv4() (ipv4 net.IP, err error) {
-	s := u.Providers[0]
-	provider, err := provider.Parse(s)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return provider.DNS().IPv4[0], nil
-}
-
-func (u Unbound) String() string {
-	return u.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (u Unbound) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Unbound settings:")
-
-	authServers := node.Appendf("Authoritative servers:")
-	for _, provider := range u.Providers {
-		authServers.Appendf(provider)
-	}
-
-	node.Appendf("Caching: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(u.Caching))
-	node.Appendf("IPv6: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(u.IPv6))
-	node.Appendf("Verbosity level: %d", *u.VerbosityLevel)
-	node.Appendf("Verbosity details level: %d", *u.VerbosityDetailsLevel)
-	node.Appendf("Validation log level: %d", *u.ValidationLogLevel)
-	node.Appendf("System user: %s", u.Username)
-
-	allowedNetworks := node.Appendf("Allowed networks:")
-	for _, network := range u.Allowed {
-		allowedNetworks.Appendf(network.String())
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/unbound_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/unbound_test.go
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"inet.af/netaddr"
-)
-
-func Test_Unbound_JSON(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	settings := Unbound{
-		Providers:             []string{"cloudflare"},
-		Caching:               boolPtr(true),
-		IPv6:                  boolPtr(false),
-		VerbosityLevel:        uint8Ptr(1),
-		VerbosityDetailsLevel: nil,
-		ValidationLogLevel:    uint8Ptr(0),
-		Username:              "user",
-		Allowed: []netaddr.IPPrefix{
-			netaddr.IPPrefixFrom(netaddr.IPv4(0, 0, 0, 0), 0),
-			netaddr.IPPrefixFrom(netaddr.IPv6Raw([16]byte{}), 0),
-		},
-	}
-
-	b, err := json.Marshal(settings)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	const expected = `{"Providers":["cloudflare"],"Caching":true,"IPv6":false,` +
-		`"VerbosityLevel":1,"VerbosityDetailsLevel":null,"ValidationLogLevel":0,` +
-		`"Username":"user","Allowed":["0.0.0.0/0","::/0"]}`
-
-	assert.Equal(t, expected, string(b))
-
-	var resultSettings Unbound
-	err = json.Unmarshal(b, &resultSettings)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, settings, resultSettings)
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/updater.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/updater.go
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// Updater contains settings to configure the VPN
-// server information updater.
-type Updater struct {
-	// Period is the period for which the updater
-	// should run. It can be set to 0 to disable the
-	// updater. It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	// TODO change to value and add Enabled field.
-	Period *time.Duration
-	// DNSAddress is the DNS server address to use
-	// to resolve VPN server hostnames to IP addresses.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	DNSAddress net.IP
-	// Providers is the list of VPN service providers
-	// to update server information for.
-	Providers []string
-	// CLI is to precise the updater is running in CLI
-	// mode. This is set automatically and cannot be set
-	// by settings sources. It cannot be nil in the
-	// internal state.
-	CLI *bool
-}
-
-func (u Updater) Validate() (err error) {
-	const minPeriod = time.Minute
-	if *u.Period > 0 && *u.Period < minPeriod {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d must be larger than %s",
-			ErrUpdaterPeriodTooSmall, *u.Period, minPeriod)
-	}
-
-	for i, provider := range u.Providers {
-		valid := false
-		for _, validProvider := range constants.AllProviders() {
-			if validProvider == constants.Custom {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if provider == validProvider {
-				valid = true
-				break
-			}
-		}
-		if !valid {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s at index %d",
-				ErrVPNProviderNameNotValid, provider, i)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (u *Updater) copy() (copied Updater) {
-	return Updater{
-		Period:     helpers.CopyDurationPtr(u.Period),
-		DNSAddress: helpers.CopyIP(u.DNSAddress),
-		Providers:  helpers.CopyStringSlice(u.Providers),
-		CLI:        u.CLI,
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (u *Updater) mergeWith(other Updater) {
-	u.Period = helpers.MergeWithDuration(u.Period, other.Period)
-	u.DNSAddress = helpers.MergeWithIP(u.DNSAddress, other.DNSAddress)
-	u.Providers = helpers.MergeStringSlices(u.Providers, other.Providers)
-	u.CLI = helpers.MergeWithBool(u.CLI, other.CLI)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (u *Updater) overrideWith(other Updater) {
-	u.Period = helpers.OverrideWithDuration(u.Period, other.Period)
-	u.DNSAddress = helpers.OverrideWithIP(u.DNSAddress, other.DNSAddress)
-	u.Providers = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(u.Providers, other.Providers)
-	u.CLI = helpers.MergeWithBool(u.CLI, other.CLI)
-}
-
-func (u *Updater) SetDefaults() {
-	u.Period = helpers.DefaultDuration(u.Period, 0)
-	u.DNSAddress = helpers.DefaultIP(u.DNSAddress, net.IPv4(1, 1, 1, 1))
-	u.CLI = helpers.DefaultBool(u.CLI, false)
-}
-
-func (u Updater) String() string {
-	return u.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (u Updater) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	if *u.Period == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	node = gotree.New("Server data updater settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Update period: %s", *u.Period)
-	node.Appendf("DNS address: %s", u.DNSAddress)
-	node.Appendf("Providers to update: %s", strings.Join(u.Providers, ", "))
-
-	if *u.CLI {
-		node.Appendf("CLI mode: enabled")
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/version.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/version.go
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// Version contains settings to configure the version
-// information fetcher.
-type Version struct {
-	// Enabled is true if the version information should
-	// be fetched from Github.
-	Enabled *bool
-}
-
-func (v Version) validate() (err error) {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (v *Version) copy() (copied Version) {
-	return Version{
-		Enabled: helpers.CopyBoolPtr(v.Enabled),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (v *Version) mergeWith(other Version) {
-	v.Enabled = helpers.MergeWithBool(v.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (v *Version) overrideWith(other Version) {
-	v.Enabled = helpers.OverrideWithBool(v.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-}
-
-func (v *Version) setDefaults() {
-	v.Enabled = helpers.DefaultBool(v.Enabled, true)
-}
-
-func (v Version) String() string {
-	return v.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (v Version) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Version settings:")
-
-	node.Appendf("Enabled: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(v.Enabled))
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/vpn.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/vpn.go
@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-type VPN struct {
-	// Type is the VPN type and can only be
-	// 'openvpn' or 'wireguard'. It cannot be the
-	// empty string in the internal state.
-	Type      string
-	Provider  Provider
-	OpenVPN   OpenVPN
-	Wireguard Wireguard
-}
-
-// TODO v4 remove pointer for receiver (because of Surfshark).
-func (v *VPN) validate(allServers models.AllServers) (err error) {
-	// Validate Type
-	validVPNTypes := []string{constants.OpenVPN, constants.Wireguard}
-	if !helpers.IsOneOf(v.Type, validVPNTypes...) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %q and can only be one of %s",
-			ErrVPNTypeNotValid, v.Type, strings.Join(validVPNTypes, ", "))
-	}
-
-	err = v.Provider.validate(v.Type, allServers)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("provider settings validation failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if v.Type == constants.OpenVPN {
-		err := v.OpenVPN.validate(*v.Provider.Name)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("OpenVPN settings validation failed: %w", err)
-		}
-	} else {
-		err := v.Wireguard.validate(*v.Provider.Name)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Wireguard settings validation failed: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (v *VPN) copy() (copied VPN) {
-	return VPN{
-		Type:      v.Type,
-		Provider:  v.Provider.copy(),
-		OpenVPN:   v.OpenVPN.copy(),
-		Wireguard: v.Wireguard.copy(),
-	}
-}
-
-func (v *VPN) mergeWith(other VPN) {
-	v.Type = helpers.MergeWithString(v.Type, other.Type)
-	v.Provider.mergeWith(other.Provider)
-	v.OpenVPN.mergeWith(other.OpenVPN)
-	v.Wireguard.mergeWith(other.Wireguard)
-}
-
-func (v *VPN) overrideWith(other VPN) {
-	v.Type = helpers.OverrideWithString(v.Type, other.Type)
-	v.Provider.overrideWith(other.Provider)
-	v.OpenVPN.overrideWith(other.OpenVPN)
-	v.Wireguard.overrideWith(other.Wireguard)
-}
-
-func (v *VPN) setDefaults() {
-	v.Type = helpers.DefaultString(v.Type, constants.OpenVPN)
-	v.Provider.setDefaults()
-	v.OpenVPN.setDefaults(*v.Provider.Name)
-	v.Wireguard.setDefaults()
-}
-
-func (v VPN) String() string {
-	return v.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (v VPN) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("VPN settings:")
-
-	node.AppendNode(v.Provider.toLinesNode())
-
-	if v.Type == constants.OpenVPN {
-		node.AppendNode(v.OpenVPN.toLinesNode())
-	} else {
-		node.AppendNode(v.Wireguard.toLinesNode())
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/wireguard.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/wireguard.go
@@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"regexp"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
-)
-
-// Wireguard contains settings to configure the Wireguard client.
-type Wireguard struct {
-	// PrivateKey is the Wireguard client peer private key.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	PrivateKey *string
-	// PreSharedKey is the Wireguard pre-shared key.
-	// It can be the empty string to indicate there
-	// is no pre-shared key.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	PreSharedKey *string
-	// Addresses are the Wireguard interface addresses.
-	Addresses []net.IPNet
-	// Interface is the name of the Wireguard interface
-	// to create. It cannot be the empty string in the
-	// internal state.
-	Interface string
-}
-
-var regexpInterfaceName = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$`)
-
-// Validate validates Wireguard settings.
-// It should only be ran if the VPN type chosen is Wireguard.
-func (w Wireguard) validate(vpnProvider string) (err error) {
-	if !helpers.IsOneOf(vpnProvider,
-		constants.Custom,
-		constants.Ivpn,
-		constants.Mullvad,
-		constants.Windscribe,
-	) {
-		// do not validate for VPN provider not supporting Wireguard
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Validate PrivateKey
-	if *w.PrivateKey == "" {
-		return ErrWireguardPrivateKeyNotSet
-	}
-	_, err = wgtypes.ParseKey(*w.PrivateKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrWireguardPrivateKeyNotValid, err)
-	}
-
-	// Validate PreSharedKey
-	if *w.PreSharedKey != "" { // Note: this is optional
-		_, err = wgtypes.ParseKey(*w.PreSharedKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrWireguardPreSharedKeyNotValid, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Validate Addresses
-	if len(w.Addresses) == 0 {
-		return ErrWireguardInterfaceAddressNotSet
-	}
-	for i, ipNet := range w.Addresses {
-		if ipNet.IP == nil || ipNet.Mask == nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: for address at index %d: %s",
-				ErrWireguardInterfaceAddressNotSet, i, ipNet.String())
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Validate interface
-	if !regexpInterfaceName.MatchString(w.Interface) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: '%s' does not match regex '%s'",
-			ErrWireguardInterfaceNotValid, w.Interface, regexpInterfaceName)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (w *Wireguard) copy() (copied Wireguard) {
-	return Wireguard{
-		PrivateKey:   helpers.CopyStringPtr(w.PrivateKey),
-		PreSharedKey: helpers.CopyStringPtr(w.PreSharedKey),
-		Addresses:    helpers.CopyIPNetSlice(w.Addresses),
-		Interface:    w.Interface,
-	}
-}
-
-func (w *Wireguard) mergeWith(other Wireguard) {
-	w.PrivateKey = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(w.PrivateKey, other.PrivateKey)
-	w.PreSharedKey = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(w.PreSharedKey, other.PreSharedKey)
-	w.Addresses = helpers.MergeIPNetsSlices(w.Addresses, other.Addresses)
-	w.Interface = helpers.MergeWithString(w.Interface, other.Interface)
-}
-
-func (w *Wireguard) overrideWith(other Wireguard) {
-	w.PrivateKey = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(w.PrivateKey, other.PrivateKey)
-	w.PreSharedKey = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(w.PreSharedKey, other.PreSharedKey)
-	w.Addresses = helpers.OverrideWithIPNetsSlice(w.Addresses, other.Addresses)
-	w.Interface = helpers.OverrideWithString(w.Interface, other.Interface)
-}
-
-func (w *Wireguard) setDefaults() {
-	w.PrivateKey = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(w.PrivateKey, "")
-	w.PreSharedKey = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(w.PreSharedKey, "")
-	w.Interface = helpers.DefaultString(w.Interface, "wg0")
-}
-
-func (w Wireguard) String() string {
-	return w.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (w Wireguard) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Wireguard settings:")
-
-	if *w.PrivateKey != "" {
-		s := helpers.ObfuscateWireguardKey(*w.PrivateKey)
-		node.Appendf("Private key: %s", s)
-	}
-
-	if *w.PreSharedKey != "" {
-		s := helpers.ObfuscateWireguardKey(*w.PreSharedKey)
-		node.Appendf("Pre-shared key: %s", s)
-	}
-
-	addressesNode := node.Appendf("Interface addresses:")
-	for _, address := range w.Addresses {
-		addressesNode.Appendf(address.String())
-	}
-
-	node.Appendf("Network interface: %s", w.Interface)
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/wireguardselection.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/wireguardselection.go
@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
-)
-
-type WireguardSelection struct {
-	// EndpointIP is the server endpoint IP address.
-	// It is only used with VPN providers generating Wireguard
-	// configurations specific to each server and user.
-	// To indicate it should not be used, it should be set
-	// to the empty net.IP{} slice. It can never be nil
-	// in the internal state.
-	EndpointIP net.IP
-	// EndpointPort is a the server port to use for the VPN server.
-	// It is optional for VPN providers IVPN, Mullvad
-	// and Windscribe, and compulsory for the others.
-	// When optional, it can be set to 0 to indicate not use
-	// a custom endpoint port. It cannot be nil in the internal
-	// state.
-	EndpointPort *uint16
-	// PublicKey is the server public key.
-	// It is only used with VPN providers generating Wireguard
-	// configurations specific to each server and user.
-	PublicKey string
-}
-
-// Validate validates WireguardSelection settings.
-// It should only be ran if the VPN type chosen is Wireguard.
-func (w WireguardSelection) validate(vpnProvider string) (err error) {
-	// Validate EndpointIP
-	switch vpnProvider {
-	case constants.Ivpn, constants.Mullvad, constants.Windscribe: // endpoint IP addresses are baked in
-	case constants.Custom:
-		if len(w.EndpointIP) == 0 {
-			return ErrWireguardEndpointIPNotSet
-		}
-	default: // Providers not supporting Wireguard
-	}
-
-	// Validate EndpointPort
-	switch vpnProvider {
-	// EndpointPort is required
-	case constants.Custom:
-		if *w.EndpointPort == 0 {
-			return ErrWireguardEndpointPortNotSet
-		}
-	case constants.Ivpn, constants.Mullvad, constants.Windscribe:
-		// EndpointPort is optional and can be 0
-		if *w.EndpointPort == 0 {
-			break // no custom endpoint port set
-		}
-		if vpnProvider == constants.Mullvad {
-			break // no restriction on custom endpoint port value
-		}
-		var allowed []uint16
-		switch vpnProvider {
-		case constants.Ivpn:
-			allowed = []uint16{2049, 2050, 53, 30587, 41893, 48574, 58237}
-		case constants.Windscribe:
-			allowed = []uint16{53, 80, 123, 443, 1194, 65142}
-		}
-
-		if helpers.Uint16IsOneOf(*w.EndpointPort, allowed) {
-			break
-		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d for VPN service provider %s; %s",
-			ErrWireguardEndpointPortNotAllowed, w.EndpointPort, vpnProvider,
-			helpers.PortChoicesOrString(allowed))
-	default: // Providers not supporting Wireguard
-	}
-
-	// Validate PublicKey
-	switch vpnProvider {
-	case constants.Ivpn, constants.Mullvad, constants.Windscribe: // public keys are baked in
-	case constants.Custom:
-		if w.PublicKey == "" {
-			return ErrWireguardPublicKeyNotSet
-		}
-	default: // Providers not supporting Wireguard
-	}
-	if w.PublicKey != "" {
-		_, err := wgtypes.ParseKey(w.PublicKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s: %s",
-				ErrWireguardPublicKeyNotValid, w.PublicKey, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (w *WireguardSelection) copy() (copied WireguardSelection) {
-	return WireguardSelection{
-		EndpointIP:   helpers.CopyIP(w.EndpointIP),
-		EndpointPort: helpers.CopyUint16Ptr(w.EndpointPort),
-		PublicKey:    w.PublicKey,
-	}
-}
-
-func (w *WireguardSelection) mergeWith(other WireguardSelection) {
-	w.EndpointIP = helpers.MergeWithIP(w.EndpointIP, other.EndpointIP)
-	w.EndpointPort = helpers.MergeWithUint16(w.EndpointPort, other.EndpointPort)
-	w.PublicKey = helpers.MergeWithString(w.PublicKey, other.PublicKey)
-}
-
-func (w *WireguardSelection) overrideWith(other WireguardSelection) {
-	w.EndpointIP = helpers.OverrideWithIP(w.EndpointIP, other.EndpointIP)
-	w.EndpointPort = helpers.OverrideWithUint16(w.EndpointPort, other.EndpointPort)
-	w.PublicKey = helpers.OverrideWithString(w.PublicKey, other.PublicKey)
-}
-
-func (w *WireguardSelection) setDefaults() {
-	w.EndpointIP = helpers.DefaultIP(w.EndpointIP, net.IP{})
-	w.EndpointPort = helpers.DefaultUint16(w.EndpointPort, 0)
-}
-
-func (w WireguardSelection) String() string {
-	return w.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (w WireguardSelection) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Wireguard selection settings:")
-
-	if len(w.EndpointIP) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Endpoint IP address: %s", w.EndpointIP)
-	}
-
-	if *w.EndpointPort != 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Endpoint port: %d", *w.EndpointPort)
-	}
-
-	if w.PublicKey != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Server public key: %s", w.PublicKey)
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/sources/env/dns.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/sources/env/dns.go
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-package env
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings"
-)
-
-func (r *Reader) readDNS() (dns settings.DNS, err error) {
-	dns.ServerAddress, err = r.readDNSServerAddress()
-	if err != nil {
-		return dns, err
-	}
-
-	dns.KeepNameserver, err = envToBoolPtr("DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER")
-	if err != nil {
-		return dns, fmt.Errorf("environment variable DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	dns.DoT, err = r.readDoT()
-	if err != nil {
-		return dns, fmt.Errorf("cannot read DoT settings: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return dns, nil
-}
-
-func (r *Reader) readDNSServerAddress() (address net.IP, err error) {
-	s := os.Getenv("DNS_PLAINTEXT_ADDRESS")
-	if s == "" {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	address = net.ParseIP(s)
-	if address == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("environment variable DNS_PLAINTEXT_ADDRESS: %w: %s", ErrIPAddressParse, s)
-	}
-
-	// TODO remove in v4
-	if !address.Equal(net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1)) { //nolint:gomnd
-		r.warner.Warn("DNS_PLAINTEXT_ADDRESS is set to " + s +
-			" so the DNS over TLS (DoT) server will not be used." +
-			" The default value changed to 127.0.0.1 so it uses the internal DoT server." +
-			" If the DoT server fails to start, the IPv4 address of the first plaintext DNS server" +
-			" corresponding to the first DoT provider chosen is used.")
-	}
-
-	return address, nil
-}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Quentin McGaw	293d9cf600	Fix SS CPU cycles bad eating habits (#211 )	2020-08-19 00:56:48 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	fc1d96087e	Fix SS TCP relay error handling	2020-08-16 23:25:44 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	cf1919c27f	Update list of ciphers for Shadowsocks	2020-08-16 23:09:48 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	02930b6a95	Shadowsocks in Go, refers to #211	2020-08-16 23:07:15 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	c59447c646	Bump versions and binary build changes - Go version 1.15 - Golangci-lint 1.30 - Trim path of binary built	2020-08-16 23:06:35 +00:00