Chore(deps): Bump peter-evans/dockerhub-description from 4 to 5

Bumps [peter-evans/dockerhub-description](https://github.com/peter-evans/dockerhub-description) from 4 to 5. - [Release notes](https://github.com/peter-evans/dockerhub-description/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/peter-evans/dockerhub-description/compare/v4...v5) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: peter-evans/dockerhub-description dependency-version: '5' dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-major ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
ci(markdown): fix config file path
2025-10-31 20:04:12 +00:00 · 2025-10-31 20:02:55 +00:00 · 2025-10-30 16:15:44 +00:00 · 2025-10-30 17:14:45 +01:00 · 2025-10-30 16:08:40 +00:00 · 2025-10-30 16:04:10 +00:00
86 changed files with 11984 additions and 16208 deletions
--- a/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
+++ b/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-FROM qmcgaw/godevcontainer:v0.20-alpine
+FROM ghcr.io/qdm12/godevcontainer:v0.21-alpine
 RUN apk add wireguard-tools htop openssl
--- a/.devcontainer/README.md
+++ b/.devcontainer/README.md
@@ -19,16 +19,16 @@ It works on Linux, Windows (WSL2) and OSX.
    mkdir -p ~/.ssh
    ```

-1. **For Docker on OSX**: ensure the project directory and your home directory `~` are accessible by Docker.
+1. **For OSX hosts**: ensure the project directory and your home directory `~` are accessible by Docker.
 1. Open the command palette in Visual Studio Code (CTRL+SHIFT+P).
-1. Select `Dev Containers: Open Folder in Container...` and choose the project directory.
+1. Select `Dev-Containers: Open Folder in Container...` and choose the project directory.

 ## Customization

 For any customization to take effect, you should "rebuild and reopen":

 1. Open the command palette in Visual Studio Code (CTRL+SHIFT+P)
-2. Select `Dev Containers: Rebuild Container`
+2. Select `Dev-Containers: Rebuild Container`

 Changes you can make are notably:

--- a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
+++ b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@
                "gopls": {
                    "usePlaceholders": false,
                    "staticcheck": true,
+                    "ui.diagnostic.analyses": {
+                        "ST1000": false
+                    },
                    "formatting.gofumpt": true,
                },
                "go.lintTool": "golangci-lint",
--- a/.github/pull_request_template.md
+++ b/.github/pull_request_template.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Description
+
+<!-- Please describe the reason for the changes being proposed. -->
+
+# Issue
+
+<!-- Please link to the issue(s) this change relates to. -->
+
+# Assertions
+
+* [ ] I am aware that we do not accept manual changes to the servers.json file <!-- If this is your goal, please consult https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/setup/servers.md#update-using-the-command-line -->
+* [ ] I am aware that any changes to settings should be reflected in the [wiki](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/)
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
    env:
      DOCKER_BUILDKIT: "1"
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5

      - uses: reviewdog/action-misspell@v1
        with:
@@ -66,6 +66,33 @@ jobs:
      - name: Build final image
        run: docker build -t final-image .

+  verify-private:
+    if: |
+      github.repository == 'qdm12/gluetun' &&
+      (
+        github.event_name == 'push' ||
+        github.event_name == 'release' ||
+        (github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]')
+      )
+    needs: [verify]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment: secrets
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+
+      - run: docker build -t qmcgaw/gluetun .
+
+      - name: Setup Go for CI utility
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: ci/go.mod
+
+      - name: Build utility
+        run: go build -C ./ci -o runner ./cmd/main.go
+
+      - name: Run Gluetun container with Mullvad configuration
+        run: echo -e "${{ secrets.MULLVAD_WIREGUARD_PRIVATE_KEY }}\n${{ secrets.MULLVAD_WIREGUARD_ADDRESS }}" | ./ci/runner mullvad
+
  codeql:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    permissions:
@@ -73,15 +100,15 @@ jobs:
      contents: read
      security-events: write
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
        with:
-          go-version: "^1.23"
-      - uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+      - uses: github/codeql-action/init@v4
        with:
          languages: go
-      - uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3
-      - uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
+      - uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v4
+      - uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v4

  publish:
    if: |
@@ -98,7 +125,7 @@ jobs:
      packages: write
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5

      # extract metadata (tags, labels) for Docker
      # https://github.com/docker/metadata-action
--- a/.github/workflows/closed-issue.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/closed-issue.yml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
      issues: write
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v4
+      - uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v5
        with:
          token: ${{ github.token }}
          issue-number: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
--- a/.github/workflows/labels.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/labels.yml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ jobs:
      issues: write
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
      - uses: crazy-max/ghaction-github-labeler@v5
        with:
          yaml-file: .github/labels.yml
--- a/.github/workflows/markdown.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/markdown.yml
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ jobs:
      actions: read
      contents: read
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5

-      - uses: DavidAnson/markdownlint-cli2-action@v18
+      - uses: DavidAnson/markdownlint-cli2-action@v20
        with:
          globs: "**.md"
-          config: .markdownlint.json
+          config: .markdownlint-cli2.jsonc

      - uses: reviewdog/action-misspell@v1
        with:
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
          use-quiet-mode: yes
          config-file: .github/workflows/configs/mlc-config.json

-      - uses: peter-evans/dockerhub-description@v4
+      - uses: peter-evans/dockerhub-description@v5
        if: github.repository == 'qdm12/gluetun' && github.event_name == 'push'
        with:
          username: qmcgaw
--- a/.github/workflows/opened-issue.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/opened-issue.yml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
      issues: write
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v4
+      - uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v5
        with:
          token: ${{ github.token }}
          issue-number: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -1,30 +1,70 @@
-linters-settings:
+version: "2"
+
+formatters:
+  enable:
+    - gci
+    - gofumpt
+    - goimports
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    paths:
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$
+
+linters:
+  settings:
    misspell:
      locale: US
+    goconst:
+      ignore-string-values:
+        # commonly used settings strings
+        - "^disabled$"
+        # Firewall and routing strings
+        - "^(ACCEPT|DROP)$"
+        - "^--delete$"
+        - "^all$"
+        - "^(tcp|udp)$"
+        # Server route strings
+        - "^/status$"

-issues:
-  exclude-rules:
-    - path: _test\.go
-      linters:
+  exclusions:
+    generated: lax
+    presets:
+      - comments
+      - common-false-positives
+      - legacy
+      - std-error-handling
+    rules:
+      - linters:
+          - containedctx
          - dupl
          - err113
-        - containedctx
          - maintidx
-    - path: "internal\\/server\\/.+\\.go"
-      linters:
+        path: _test\.go
+      - linters:
          - dupl
-    - text: "returns interface \\(github\\.com\\/vishvananda\\/netlink\\.Link\\)"
-      linters:
+        path: internal\/server\/.+\.go
+      - linters:
          - ireturn
-    - path: "internal\\/openvpn\\/pkcs8\\/descbc\\.go"
-      text: "newCipherDESCBCBlock returns interface \\(github\\.com\\/youmark\\/pkcs8\\.Cipher\\)"
-      linters:
+        text: returns interface \(github\.com\/vishvananda\/netlink\.Link\)
+      - linters:
          - ireturn
-    - source: "^\\/\\/ https\\:\\/\\/.+$"
-      linters:
-        - lll
+        path: internal\/openvpn\/pkcs8\/descbc\.go
+        text: newCipherDESCBCBlock returns interface \(github\.com\/youmark\/pkcs8\.Cipher\)
+      - linters:
+          - revive
+        path: internal\/provider\/(common|utils)\/.+\.go
+        text: "var-naming: avoid (bad|meaningless) package names"
+      - linters:
+          - err113
+          - mnd
+        path: ci\/.+\.go

-linters:
+    paths:
+      - third_party$
+      - builtin$
+      - examples$
  enable:
    # - cyclop
    # - errorlint
@@ -45,7 +85,6 @@ linters:
    - exhaustive
    - fatcontext
    - forcetypeassert
-    - gci
    - gocheckcompilerdirectives
    - gochecknoglobals
    - gochecknoinits
@@ -54,9 +93,7 @@ linters:
    - gocritic
    - gocyclo
    - godot
-    - gofumpt
    - goheader
-    - goimports
    - gomoddirectives
    - goprintffuncname
    - gosec
@@ -89,7 +126,6 @@ linters:
    - rowserrcheck
    - sqlclosecheck
    - tagalign
-    - tenv
    - thelper
    - tparallel
    - unconvert
--- a/.markdownlint-cli2.jsonc
+++ b/.markdownlint-cli2.jsonc
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "config": {
+    "default": true,
+    "MD013": false,
+  },
+  "ignores": [
+    ".github/pull_request_template.md"
+  ]
+}
--- a/.markdownlint.json
+++ b/.markdownlint.json
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "MD013": false
-}
--- a/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/.vscode/launch.json
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "version": "0.2.0",
-    "configurations": [
-        {
-            "name": "Update a VPN provider servers data",
-            "type": "go",
-            "request": "launch",
-            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
-            "program": "cmd/gluetun/main.go",
-            "args": [
-                "update",
-                "${input:updateMode}",
-                "-providers",
-                "${input:provider}"
-            ],
-        }
-    ],
-    "inputs": [
-        {
-            "id": "provider",
-            "type": "promptString",
-            "description": "Please enter a provider (or comma separated list of providers)",
-        },
-        {
-            "id": "updateMode",
-            "type": "pickString",
-            "description": "Update mode to use",
-            "options": [
-                "-maintainer",
-                "-enduser"
-            ],
-            "default": "-maintainer"
-        },
-    ]
-}
--- a/.vscode/tasks.json
+++ b/.vscode/tasks.json
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+{
+    "version": "2.0.0",
+    "tasks": [
+        {
+            "label": "Update a VPN provider servers data",
+            "type": "shell",
+            "command": "go",
+            "args": [
+                "run",
+                "./cmd/gluetun/main.go",
+                "update",
+                "${input:updateMode}",
+                "-providers",
+                "${input:provider}"
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            "label": "Add a Gluetun Github Git remote",
+            "type": "shell",
+            "command": "git",
+            "args": [
+                "remote",
+                "add",
+                "${input:githubRemoteUsername}",
+                "git@github.com:${input:githubRemoteUsername}/gluetun.git"
+            ],
+        }
+    ],
+    "inputs": [
+        {
+            "id": "provider",
+            "type": "promptString",
+            "description": "Please enter a provider (or comma separated list of providers)",
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "updateMode",
+            "type": "pickString",
+            "description": "Update mode to use",
+            "options": [
+                "-maintainer",
+                "-enduser"
+            ],
+            "default": "-maintainer"
+        },
+        {
+            "id": "githubRemoteUsername",
+            "type": "promptString",
+            "description": "Please enter a Github username",
+        },
+    ]
+}
--- a/25
+++ b/25
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-ARG ALPINE_VERSION=3.20
-ARG GO_ALPINE_VERSION=3.20
-ARG GO_VERSION=1.23
-ARG XCPUTRANSLATE_VERSION=v0.6.0
-ARG GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION=v1.61.0
+ARG ALPINE_VERSION=3.22
+ARG GO_ALPINE_VERSION=3.22
+ARG GO_VERSION=1.25
+ARG XCPUTRANSLATE_VERSION=v0.9.0
+ARG GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION=v2.4.0
 ARG MOCKGEN_VERSION=v1.6.0
 ARG BUILDPLATFORM=linux/amd64

-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} qmcgaw/xcputranslate:${XCPUTRANSLATE_VERSION} AS xcputranslate
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} qmcgaw/binpot:golangci-lint-${GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION} AS golangci-lint
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} qmcgaw/binpot:mockgen-${MOCKGEN_VERSION} AS mockgen
+FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} ghcr.io/qdm12/xcputranslate:${XCPUTRANSLATE_VERSION} AS xcputranslate
+FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} ghcr.io/qdm12/binpot:golangci-lint-${GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION} AS golangci-lint
+FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} ghcr.io/qdm12/binpot:mockgen-${MOCKGEN_VERSION} AS mockgen

 FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine${GO_ALPINE_VERSION} AS base
 COPY --from=xcputranslate /xcputranslate /usr/local/bin/xcputranslate
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ ENTRYPOINT go test -race -coverpkg=./... -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=a

 FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} base AS lint
 COPY .golangci.yml ./
-RUN golangci-lint run --timeout=10m
+RUN golangci-lint run

 FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} base AS mocks
 RUN git init && \
@@ -164,9 +164,8 @@ ENV VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=pia \
    # Health
    HEALTH_SERVER_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1:9999 \
    HEALTH_TARGET_ADDRESS=cloudflare.com:443 \
-    HEALTH_SUCCESS_WAIT_DURATION=5s \
-    HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_INITIAL=6s \
-    HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_ADDITION=5s \
+    HEALTH_ICMP_TARGET_IP=0.0.0.0 \
+    HEALTH_RESTART_VPN=on \
    # DNS over TLS
    DOT=on \
    DOT_PROVIDERS=cloudflare \
@@ -204,8 +203,6 @@ ENV VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=pia \
    UPDATER_PERIOD=0 \
    UPDATER_MIN_RATIO=0.8 \
    UPDATER_VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDERS= \
-    UPDATER_PROTONVPN_EMAIL= \
-    UPDATER_PROTONVPN_PASSWORD= \
    # Public IP
    PUBLICIP_FILE="/tmp/gluetun/ip" \
    PUBLICIP_ENABLED=on \
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Gluetun VPN client

-Lightweight swiss-knife-like VPN client to multiple VPN service providers
+Lightweight swiss-army-knife-like VPN client to multiple VPN service providers

 ![Title image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qdm12/gluetun/master/title.svg)

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ Lightweight swiss-knife-like VPN client to multiple VPN service providers
 [![GitHub issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues)
 [![GitHub closed issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues-closed/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed)

-[![Lines of code](https://img.shields.io/tokei/lines/github/qdm12/gluetun)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun)
 ![Code size](https://img.shields.io/github/languages/code-size/qdm12/gluetun)
 ![GitHub repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/qdm12/gluetun)
 ![Go version](https://img.shields.io/github/go-mod/go-version/qdm12/gluetun)
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ Lightweight swiss-knife-like VPN client to multiple VPN service providers

 ## Features

- Based on Alpine 3.20 for a small Docker image of 35.6MB
+- Based on Alpine 3.22 for a small Docker image of 41.1MB
 - Supports: **AirVPN**, **Cyberghost**, **ExpressVPN**, **FastestVPN**, **Giganews**, **HideMyAss**, **IPVanish**, **IVPN**, **Mullvad**, **NordVPN**, **Perfect Privacy**, **Privado**, **Private Internet Access**, **PrivateVPN**, **ProtonVPN**, **PureVPN**,  **SlickVPN**, **Surfshark**, **TorGuard**, **VPNSecure.me**, **VPNUnlimited**, **Vyprvpn**, **WeVPN**, **Windscribe** servers
 - Supports OpenVPN for all providers listed
 - Supports Wireguard both kernelspace and userspace
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ Go to the [Wiki](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki)!
 Here's a docker-compose.yml for the laziest:

 ```yml
-version: "3"
+---
 services:
  gluetun:
    image: qmcgaw/gluetun
--- a/ci/cmd/main.go
+++ b/ci/cmd/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/ci/internal"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	if len(os.Args) < 2 {
+		fmt.Println("Usage: " + os.Args[0] + " <command>")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), os.Interrupt)
+
+	var err error
+	switch os.Args[1] {
+	case "mullvad":
+		err = internal.MullvadTest(ctx)
+	default:
+		err = fmt.Errorf("unknown command: %s", os.Args[1])
+	}
+	stop()
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println("❌", err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	fmt.Println("✅ Test completed successfully.")
+}
--- a/ci/go.mod
+++ b/ci/go.mod
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+module github.com/qdm12/gluetun/ci
+
+go 1.25.0
+
+require (
+	github.com/docker/docker v28.5.1+incompatible
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1
+)
+
+require (
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/atomicwriter v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/term v0.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.63.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.38.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.38.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.35.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.14.0 // indirect
+	gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2 // indirect
+)
--- a/ci/go.sum
+++ b/ci/go.sum
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c h1:udKWzYgxTojEKWjV8V+WSxDXJ4NFATAsZjh8iIbsQIg=
+github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c/go.mod h1:xomTg63KZ2rFqZQzSB4Vz2SUXa1BpHTVz9L5PTmPC4E=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 h1:F2VQgta7ecxGYO8k3ZZz3RS8fVIXVxONVUPlNERoyfY=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2/go.mod h1:yd8OoFMLzJbo9gZq8j5qaps8bJ9aShtEA8Ipt1oGCvU=
+github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3 h1:ZN+IMa753KfX5hd8vVaMixjnqRZ3y8CuJKRKj1xcsSM=
+github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3/go.mod h1:rkhZdG3JZukswDf7f0cwqPNk4K0sa+F97BxZthm/crw=
+github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 h1:tg5yIfIlQIrxYtu9ajqY42W3lpS19XqdxRQeEwYG8PI=
+github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0/go.mod h1:+YBYIdtsnF4Iw6nWZhJcqGSg/dwvV7tyJ/kCkyJ2k+M=
+github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 h1:9IKJ06FvyNlexW690DXuQNx2KA2cUJXx151Xdx3ZPPE=
+github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NJw6s9HwNuRhnjJhM7pylWwMyAkmCQvQ4GpJHEqRLVk=
+github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 h1:TCJt7ioM2cr/tfR8GPbGf9/VRAX8D2B4PjzCpfX540I=
+github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0/go.mod h1:VRRf09a7mHDIRezVKTRCrOq78v577GXq3bSa3EhrzVo=
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--- a/ci/internal/mullvad.go
+++ b/ci/internal/mullvad.go
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/network"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	v1 "github.com/opencontainers/image-spec/specs-go/v1"
+)
+
+func MullvadTest(ctx context.Context) error {
+	secrets, err := readSecrets(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("reading secrets: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	const timeout = 15 * time.Second
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	client, err := client.NewClientWithOpts(client.FromEnv, client.WithAPIVersionNegotiation())
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("creating Docker client: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer client.Close()
+
+	config := &container.Config{
+		Image:       "qmcgaw/gluetun",
+		StopTimeout: ptrTo(3),
+		Env: []string{
+			"VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=mullvad",
+			"VPN_TYPE=wireguard",
+			"LOG_LEVEL=debug",
+			"SERVER_COUNTRIES=USA",
+			"WIREGUARD_PRIVATE_KEY=" + secrets.mullvadWireguardPrivateKey,
+			"WIREGUARD_ADDRESSES=" + secrets.mullvadWireguardAddress,
+		},
+	}
+	hostConfig := &container.HostConfig{
+		AutoRemove: true,
+		CapAdd:     []string{"NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"},
+	}
+	networkConfig := (*network.NetworkingConfig)(nil)
+	platform := (*v1.Platform)(nil)
+	const containerName = "" // auto-generated name
+
+	response, err := client.ContainerCreate(ctx, config, hostConfig, networkConfig, platform, containerName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("creating container: %w", err)
+	}
+	for _, warning := range response.Warnings {
+		fmt.Println("Warning during container creation:", warning)
+	}
+	containerID := response.ID
+	defer stopContainer(client, containerID)
+
+	beforeStartTime := time.Now()
+
+	err = client.ContainerStart(ctx, containerID, container.StartOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("starting container: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return waitForLogLine(ctx, client, containerID, beforeStartTime)
+}
+
+func ptrTo[T any](v T) *T { return &v }
+
+type secrets struct {
+	mullvadWireguardPrivateKey string
+	mullvadWireguardAddress    string
+}
+
+func readSecrets(ctx context.Context) (secrets, error) {
+	expectedSecrets := [...]string{
+		"Mullvad Wireguard private key",
+		"Mullvad Wireguard address",
+	}
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
+	lines := make([]string, 0, len(expectedSecrets))
+
+	for i := range expectedSecrets {
+		fmt.Println("🤫 reading", expectedSecrets[i], "from Stdin...")
+		if !scanner.Scan() {
+			break
+		}
+		lines = append(lines, strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text()))
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return secrets{}, ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return secrets{}, fmt.Errorf("reading secrets from stdin: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(lines) < len(expectedSecrets) {
+		return secrets{}, fmt.Errorf("expected %d secrets via Stdin, but only received %d",
+			len(expectedSecrets), len(lines))
+	}
+	for i, line := range lines {
+		if line == "" {
+			return secrets{}, fmt.Errorf("secret on line %d/%d was empty", i+1, len(lines))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return secrets{
+		mullvadWireguardPrivateKey: lines[0],
+		mullvadWireguardAddress:    lines[1],
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func stopContainer(client *client.Client, containerID string) {
+	const stopTimeout = 5 * time.Second // must be higher than 3s, see above [container.Config]'s StopTimeout field
+	stopCtx, stopCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), stopTimeout)
+	defer stopCancel()
+
+	err := client.ContainerStop(stopCtx, containerID, container.StopOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println("failed to stop container:", err)
+	}
+}
+
+var successRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^.+Public IP address is .+$`)
+
+func waitForLogLine(ctx context.Context, client *client.Client, containerID string,
+	beforeStartTime time.Time,
+) error {
+	logOptions := container.LogsOptions{
+		ShowStdout: true,
+		Follow:     true,
+		Since:      beforeStartTime.Format(time.RFC3339Nano),
+	}
+
+	reader, err := client.ContainerLogs(ctx, containerID, logOptions)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error getting container logs: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer reader.Close()
+
+	var linesSeen []string
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(reader)
+	for ctx.Err() == nil {
+		if scanner.Scan() {
+			line := scanner.Text()
+			if len(line) > 8 { // remove Docker log prefix
+				line = line[8:]
+			}
+			linesSeen = append(linesSeen, line)
+			if successRegexp.MatchString(line) {
+				fmt.Println("✅ Success line logged")
+				return nil
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		err := scanner.Err()
+		if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
+			logSeenLines(linesSeen)
+			return fmt.Errorf("reading log stream: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// The scanner is either done or cannot read because of EOF
+		fmt.Println("The log scanner stopped")
+		logSeenLines(linesSeen)
+
+		// Check if the container is still running
+		inspect, err := client.ContainerInspect(ctx, containerID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("inspecting container: %w", err)
+		}
+		if !inspect.State.Running {
+			return fmt.Errorf("container stopped unexpectedly while waiting for log line. Exit code: %d", inspect.State.ExitCode)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ctx.Err()
+}
+
+func logSeenLines(lines []string) {
+	fmt.Println("Logs seen so far:")
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		fmt.Println("  " + line)
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/gluetun/main.go
+++ b/cmd/gluetun/main.go
@@ -414,19 +414,25 @@ func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
 		return fmt.Errorf("starting public ip loop: %w", err)
 	}

+	healthLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("healthcheck"))
+	healthcheckServer := healthcheck.NewServer(allSettings.Health, healthLogger)
+	healthServerHandler, healthServerCtx, healthServerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
+		"HTTP health server", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
+	go healthcheckServer.Run(healthServerCtx, healthServerDone)
+	healthChecker := healthcheck.NewChecker(healthLogger)
+
 	updaterLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("updater"))

 	unzipper := unzip.New(httpClient)
 	parallelResolver := resolver.NewParallelResolver(allSettings.Updater.DNSAddress)
 	openvpnFileExtractor := extract.New()
 	providers := provider.NewProviders(storage, time.Now, updaterLogger,
-		httpClient, unzipper, parallelResolver, publicIPLooper.Fetcher(),
-		openvpnFileExtractor, allSettings.Updater)
+		httpClient, unzipper, parallelResolver, publicIPLooper.Fetcher(), openvpnFileExtractor)

 	vpnLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("vpn"))
 	vpnLooper := vpn.NewLoop(allSettings.VPN, ipv6Supported, allSettings.Firewall.VPNInputPorts,
-		providers, storage, ovpnConf, netLinker, firewallConf, routingConf, portForwardLooper,
-		cmder, publicIPLooper, dnsLooper, vpnLogger, httpClient,
+		providers, storage, allSettings.Health, healthChecker, healthcheckServer, ovpnConf, netLinker, firewallConf,
+		routingConf, portForwardLooper, cmder, publicIPLooper, dnsLooper, vpnLogger, httpClient,
 		buildInfo, *allSettings.Version.Enabled)
 	vpnHandler, vpnCtx, vpnDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
 		"vpn", goroutine.OptionTimeout(time.Second))
@@ -477,12 +483,6 @@ func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
 	<-httpServerReady
 	controlGroupHandler.Add(httpServerHandler)

-	healthLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("healthcheck"))
-	healthcheckServer := healthcheck.NewServer(allSettings.Health, healthLogger, vpnLooper)
-	healthServerHandler, healthServerCtx, healthServerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"HTTP health server", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go healthcheckServer.Run(healthServerCtx, healthServerDone)
-
 	orderHandler := goshutdown.NewOrderHandler("gluetun",
 		order.OptionTimeout(totalShutdownTimeout),
 		order.OptionOnSuccess(defaultShutdownOnSuccess),
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 module github.com/qdm12/gluetun

-go 1.23
+go 1.25.0

 require (
-	github.com/ProtonMail/go-srp v0.0.7
-	github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.2.19
+	github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.3.2
 	github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0
 	github.com/golang/mock v1.6.0
 	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.11
@@ -18,25 +17,21 @@ require (
 	github.com/qdm12/log v0.1.0
 	github.com/qdm12/ss-server v0.6.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
-	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.11
-	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.2.1
+	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.15
+	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1
 	github.com/youmark/pkcs8 v0.0.0-20201027041543-1326539a0a0a
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20241009180824-f66d83c29e7c
-	golang.org/x/net v0.31.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.22.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.46.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.30.0
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6
 	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0
 )

 require (
-	github.com/ProtonMail/bcrypt v0.0.0-20211005172633-e235017c1baf // indirect
-	github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v1.3.0-proton // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cronokirby/saferith v0.33.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/native v1.1.0 // indirect
@@ -47,7 +42,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.62 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
-	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.5 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
@@ -55,11 +49,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/qdm12/goservices v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/riobard/go-bloom v0.0.0-20200614022211-cdc8013cb5b3 // indirect
-	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.33.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.21.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.11.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.26.0 // indirect
+	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.43.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.28.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.37.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.35.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,23 +1,9 @@
-github.com/ProtonMail/bcrypt v0.0.0-20210511135022-227b4adcab57/go.mod h1:HecWFHognK8GfRDGnFQbW/LiV7A3MX3gZVs45vk5h8I=
-github.com/ProtonMail/bcrypt v0.0.0-20211005172633-e235017c1baf h1:yc9daCCYUefEs69zUkSzubzjBbL+cmOXgnmt9Fyd9ug=
-github.com/ProtonMail/bcrypt v0.0.0-20211005172633-e235017c1baf/go.mod h1:o0ESU9p83twszAU8LBeJKFAAMX14tISa0yk4Oo5TOqo=
-github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v0.0.0-20230321155629-9a39f2531310/go.mod h1:8TI4H3IbrackdNgv+92dI+rhpCaLqM0IfpgCgenFvRE=
-github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v1.3.0-proton h1:tAQKQRZX/73VmzK6yHSCaRUOvS/3OYSQzhXQsrR7yUM=
-github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v1.3.0-proton/go.mod h1:9whxjD8Rbs29b4XWbB8irEcE8KHMqaR2e7GWU1R+/PE=
-github.com/ProtonMail/go-srp v0.0.7 h1:Sos3Qk+th4tQR64vsxGIxYpN3rdnG9Wf9K4ZloC1JrI=
-github.com/ProtonMail/go-srp v0.0.7/go.mod h1:giCp+7qRnMIcCvI6V6U3S1lDDXDQYx2ewJ6F/9wdlJk=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
-github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.2.19 h1:3D/qwAC1xoh82GmZ21mYzQ1NaLOICUVntIo+MRZYr4U=
-github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.2.19/go.mod h1:S/PKh+4d1HUn4HQovEB8hPJZO6pUZYrIhmXBhsegfXw=
-github.com/bwesterb/go-ristretto v1.2.0/go.mod h1:fUIoIZaG73pV5biE2Blr2xEzDoMj7NFEuV9ekS419A0=
+github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.3.2 h1:gm11iClhK8wFn/GDdINoDaqPkiaGXyVvSwoXINZN+z4=
+github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.3.2/go.mod h1:S/PKh+4d1HUn4HQovEB8hPJZO6pUZYrIhmXBhsegfXw=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 h1:UL815xU9SqsFlibzuggzjXhog7bL6oX9BbNZnL2UFvs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
-github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.1.0/go.mod h1:prBCrKB9DV4poKZY1l9zBXg2QJY7mvgRvtMxxK7fi4I=
-github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.0 h1:cr5JKic4HI+LkINy2lg3W2jF8sHCVTBncJr5gIIq7qk=
-github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.0/go.mod h1:uddAzsPgqdMAYatqJ0lsjX1oECcQLIlRpzZh3pJrofs=
-github.com/cronokirby/saferith v0.33.0 h1:TgoQlfsD4LIwx71+ChfRcIpjkw+RPOapDEVxa+LhwLo=
-github.com/cronokirby/saferith v0.33.0/go.mod h1:QKJhjoqUtBsXCAVEjw38mFqoi7DebT7kthcD7UzbnoA=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0 h1:S8gINlzdQ840/4pfAwic/ZE0djQEH3wM94VfqLTZcOM=
@@ -57,8 +43,6 @@ github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 h1:C3w9PqII01/Oq
 github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822/go.mod h1:+n7T8mK8HuQTcFwEeznm/DIxMOiR9yIdICNftLE1DvQ=
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.3 h1:YmeHyLY8mFWbdkNWwpr+qIL2bEqT0o95WSdkNHvL12M=
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.3/go.mod h1:MfCQTFTvCcUyyvvwm1+G6H/jORL20Xlb6rzQu9GuUkc=
-github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
-github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
 github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.5 h1:cxppBPuYhUnsO6yo/aoRol4L7q7UFfdm+bR9r+8l63Y=
@@ -91,81 +75,57 @@ github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.13.1 h1:KvO1DLK/DRN07sQ1LQKScxyZJuNnedQ5/wKSR
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.13.1/go.mod h1:uMEvuHeurkdAXX61udpOXGD/AzZDWNMNyH2VO9fmH0o=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0 h1:Xv5erBjTwe/5IxqUQTdXv5kgmIvbHo3QQyRwhJsOfJA=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
-github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.11 h1:kpFauv27b6ynzBNT/Xy+1k+fK4WswhN/6PN5WhFAGw8=
-github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.11/go.mod h1:nbz6k7qbPmH4IRqmfOplQw/tblSgqTqBwxkY0oWt/14=
-github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.2.1 h1:pfLv/qlJUwOTPvtWREA7c3PI4u81YkqZw1DYhI2HmLA=
-github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.2.1/go.mod h1:i6NetklAujEcC6fK0JPjT8qSwWyO0HLn4UKG+hGqeJs=
-github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4 h1:Oeaw1EM2JMxD51g9uhtC0D7erkIjgmj8+JZc26m1YX8=
-github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4/go.mod h1:SpkAiCQRtJ6TvvxPnOSyH3BMl6unz3xZlaprSwhNNJM=
+github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.15 h1:9DNdB5s+SgV3bQ2ApL10xRc35ck0DuIX/isZvIk+ubY=
+github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.15/go.mod h1:nbz6k7qbPmH4IRqmfOplQw/tblSgqTqBwxkY0oWt/14=
+github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1 h1:3AEMt62VKqz90r0tmNhog0r/PpWKmrEShJU0wJW6bV0=
+github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1/go.mod h1:ARtKouGSTGchR8aMwmkzC0qiNPrrWO5JS/XMVl45+b4=
+github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 h1:DfiHV+j8bA32MFM7bfEunvT8IAqQ/NzSJHtcmW5zdEY=
+github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5/go.mod h1:SpkAiCQRtJ6TvvxPnOSyH3BMl6unz3xZlaprSwhNNJM=
 github.com/youmark/pkcs8 v0.0.0-20201027041543-1326539a0a0a h1:fZHgsYlfvtyqToslyjUt3VOPF4J7aK/3MPcK7xp3PDk=
 github.com/youmark/pkcs8 v0.0.0-20201027041543-1326539a0a0a/go.mod h1:ul22v+Nro/R083muKhosV54bj5niojjWZvU8xrevuH4=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.3.5/go.mod h1:mwnBkeHKe2W/ZEtQ+71ViKU8L12m81fl3OWwC1Zlc8k=
-github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.4.13/go.mod h1:6yULJ656Px+3vBD8DxQVa3kxgyrAnzto9xy5taEt/CY=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200302210943-78000ba7a073/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.7.0/go.mod h1:pYwdfH91IfpZVANVyUOhSIPZaFoJGxTFbZhFTx+dXZU=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.33.0 h1:IOBPskki6Lysi0lo9qQvbxiQ+FvsCC/YWOecCHAixus=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.33.0/go.mod h1:bVdXmD7IV/4GdElGPozy6U7lWdRXA4qyRVGJV57uQ5M=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.43.0 h1:dduJYIi3A3KOfdGOHX8AVZ/jGiyPa3IbBozJ5kNuE04=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.43.0/go.mod h1:BFbav4mRNlXJL4wNeejLpWxB7wMbc79PdRGhWKncxR0=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20241009180824-f66d83c29e7c h1:7dEasQXItcW1xKJ2+gg5VOiBnqWrJc+rq0DPKyvvdbY=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20241009180824-f66d83c29e7c/go.mod h1:NQtJDoLvd6faHhE7m4T/1IY708gDefGGjR/iUW8yQQ8=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.4.2/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.6.0-dev.0.20220419223038-86c51ed26bb4/go.mod h1:jJ57K6gSWd91VN4djpZkiMVwK6gcyfeH4XE8wZrZaV4=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.21.0 h1:vvrHzRwRfVKSiLrG+d4FMl/Qi4ukBCE6kZlTUkDYRT0=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.21.0/go.mod h1:6SkKJ3Xj0I0BrPOZoBy3bdMptDDU9oJrpohJ3eWZ1fY=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.28.0 h1:gQBtGhjxykdjY9YhZpSlZIsbnaE2+PgjfLWUQTnoZ1U=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.28.0/go.mod h1:yfB/L0NOf/kmEbXjzCPOx1iK1fRutOydrCMsqRhEBxI=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v0D8zg8gWTRqZa9RBIspLL5mdg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210405180319-a5a99cb37ef4/go.mod h1:p54w0d4576C0XHj96bSt6lcn1PtDYWL6XObtHCRCNQM=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20220722155237-a158d28d115b/go.mod h1:XRhObCWvk6IyKnWLug+ECip1KBveYUHfp+8e9klMJ9c=
-golang.org/x/net v0.6.0/go.mod h1:2Tu9+aMcznHK/AK1HMvgo6xiTLG5rD5rZLDS+rp2Bjs=
-golang.org/x/net v0.8.0/go.mod h1:QVkue5JL9kW//ek3r6jTKnTFis1tRmNAW2P1shuFdJc=
-golang.org/x/net v0.31.0 h1:68CPQngjLL0r2AlUKiSxtQFKvzRVbnzLwMUn5SzcLHo=
-golang.org/x/net v0.31.0/go.mod h1:P4fl1q7dY2hnZFxEk4pPSkDHF+QqjitcnDjUQyMM+pM=
+golang.org/x/net v0.46.0 h1:giFlY12I07fugqwPuWJi68oOnpfqFnJIJzaIIm2JVV4=
+golang.org/x/net v0.46.0/go.mod h1:Q9BGdFy1y4nkUwiLvT5qtyhAnEHgnQ/zd8PfU6nc210=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220722155255-886fb9371eb4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.11.0 h1:GGz8+XQP4FvTTrjZPzNKTMFtSXH80RAzG+5ghFPgK9w=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.11.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0 h1:l60nONMj9l5drqw6jlhIELNv9I0A4OFgRsG9k2oT9Ug=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.17.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210330210617-4fbd30eecc44/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210510120138-977fb7262007/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20211007075335-d3039528d8ac/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220520151302-bc2c85ada10a/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220722155257-8c9f86f7a55f/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220811171246-fbc7d0a398ab/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0 h1:QjkSwP/36a20jFYWkSue1YwXzLmsV5Gfq7Eiy72C1uc=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0 h1:fdNQudmxPjkdUTPnLn5mdQv7Zwvbvpaxqs831goi9kQ=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.37.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
-golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
-golang.org/x/term v0.5.0/go.mod h1:jMB1sMXY+tzblOD4FWmEbocvup2/aLOaQEp7JmGp78k=
-golang.org/x/term v0.6.0/go.mod h1:m6U89DPEgQRMq3DNkDClhWw02AUbt2daBVO4cn4Hv9U=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.7.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
-golang.org/x/text v0.8.0/go.mod h1:e1OnstbJyHTd6l/uOt8jFFHp6TRDWZR/bV3emEE/zU8=
-golang.org/x/text v0.22.0 h1:bofq7m3/HAFvbF51jz3Q9wLg3jkvSPuiZu/pD1XwgtM=
-golang.org/x/text v0.22.0/go.mod h1:YRoo4H8PVmsu+E3Ou7cqLVH8oXWIHVoX0jqUWALQhfY=
+golang.org/x/text v0.30.0 h1:yznKA/E9zq54KzlzBEAWn1NXSQ8DIp/NYMy88xJjl4k=
+golang.org/x/text v0.30.0/go.mod h1:yDdHFIX9t+tORqspjENWgzaCVXgk0yYnYuSZ8UzzBVM=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220210224613-90d013bbcef8 h1:vVKdlvoWBphwdxWKrFZEuM0kGgGLxUOYcY4U/2Vjg44=
 golang.org/x/time v0.0.0-20220210224613-90d013bbcef8/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.1/go.mod h1:o0xws9oXOQQZyjljx8fwUC0k7L1pTE6eaCbjGeHmOkk=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.26.0 h1:v/60pFQmzmT9ExmjDv2gGIfi3OqfKoEP6I5+umXlbnQ=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.26.0/go.mod h1:TPVVj70c7JJ3WCazhD8OdXcZg/og+b9+tH/KxylGwH0=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.37.0 h1:DVSRzp7FwePZW356yEAChSdNcQo6Nsp+fex1SUW09lE=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.37.0/go.mod h1:MBN5QPQtLMHVdvsbtarmTNukZDdgwdwlO5qGacAzF0w=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
--- a/internal/cli/nooplogger.go
+++ b/internal/cli/nooplogger.go
@@ -7,4 +7,3 @@ func newNoopLogger() *noopLogger {
 }

 func (l *noopLogger) Info(string) {}
-func (l *noopLogger) Warn(string) {}
--- a/internal/cli/openvpnconfig.go
+++ b/internal/cli/openvpnconfig.go
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func (c *CLI) OpenvpnConfig(logger OpenvpnConfigLogger, reader *reader.Reader,
 	openvpnFileExtractor := extract.New()

 	providers := provider.NewProviders(storage, time.Now, warner, client,
-		unzipper, parallelResolver, ipFetcher, openvpnFileExtractor, allSettings.Updater)
+		unzipper, parallelResolver, ipFetcher, openvpnFileExtractor)
 	providerConf := providers.Get(allSettings.VPN.Provider.Name)
 	connection, err := providerConf.GetConnection(
 		allSettings.VPN.Provider.ServerSelection, ipv6Supported)
--- a/internal/cli/update.go
+++ b/internal/cli/update.go
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
-	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"time"

@@ -25,8 +24,6 @@ import (
 var (
 	ErrModeUnspecified     = errors.New("at least one of -enduser or -maintainer must be specified")
 	ErrNoProviderSpecified = errors.New("no provider was specified")
-	ErrUsernameMissing     = errors.New("username is required for this provider")
-	ErrPasswordMissing     = errors.New("password is required for this provider")
 )

 type UpdaterLogger interface {
@@ -38,7 +35,7 @@ type UpdaterLogger interface {
 func (c *CLI) Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, logger UpdaterLogger) error {
 	options := settings.Updater{}
 	var endUserMode, maintainerMode, updateAll bool
-	var csvProviders, ipToken, protonUsername, protonEmail, protonPassword string
+	var csvProviders, ipToken string
 	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("update", flag.ExitOnError)
 	flagSet.BoolVar(&endUserMode, "enduser", false, "Write results to /gluetun/servers.json (for end users)")
 	flagSet.BoolVar(&maintainerMode, "maintainer", false,
@@ -50,10 +47,6 @@ func (c *CLI) Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, logger UpdaterLogger) e
 	flagSet.BoolVar(&updateAll, "all", false, "Update servers for all VPN providers")
 	flagSet.StringVar(&csvProviders, "providers", "", "CSV string of VPN providers to update server data for")
 	flagSet.StringVar(&ipToken, "ip-token", "", "IP data service token (e.g. ipinfo.io) to use")
-	flagSet.StringVar(&protonUsername, "proton-username", "",
-		"(Retro-compatibility) Username to use to authenticate with Proton. Use -proton-email instead.") // v4 remove this
-	flagSet.StringVar(&protonEmail, "proton-email", "", "Email to use to authenticate with Proton")
-	flagSet.StringVar(&protonPassword, "proton-password", "", "Password to use to authenticate with Proton")
 	if err := flagSet.Parse(args); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -71,16 +64,6 @@ func (c *CLI) Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, logger UpdaterLogger) e
 		options.Providers = strings.Split(csvProviders, ",")
 	}

-	if slices.Contains(options.Providers, providers.Protonvpn) {
-		if protonEmail == "" && protonUsername != "" {
-			protonEmail = protonUsername + "@protonmail.com"
-			logger.Warn("use -proton-email instead of -proton-username in the future. " +
-				"This assumes the email is " + protonEmail + " and may not work.")
-		}
-		options.ProtonEmail = &protonEmail
-		options.ProtonPassword = &protonPassword
-	}
-
 	options.SetDefaults(options.Providers[0])

 	err := options.Validate()
@@ -111,7 +94,7 @@ func (c *CLI) Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, logger UpdaterLogger) e
 	openvpnFileExtractor := extract.New()

 	providers := provider.NewProviders(storage, time.Now, logger, httpClient,
-		unzipper, parallelResolver, ipFetcher, openvpnFileExtractor, options)
+		unzipper, parallelResolver, ipFetcher, openvpnFileExtractor)

 	updater := updater.New(httpClient, storage, providers, logger)
 	err = updater.UpdateServers(ctx, options.Providers, options.MinRatio)
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/deprecated.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/deprecated.go
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ func readObsolete(r *reader.Reader) (warnings []string) {
 		"DOT_VERBOSITY":                "DOT_VERBOSITY is obsolete, use LOG_LEVEL instead.",
 		"DOT_VERBOSITY_DETAILS":        "DOT_VERBOSITY_DETAILS is obsolete because it was specific to Unbound.",
 		"DOT_VALIDATION_LOGLEVEL":      "DOT_VALIDATION_LOGLEVEL is obsolete because DNSSEC validation is not implemented.",
+		"HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_INITIAL":  "HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_INITIAL is obsolete",
+		"HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_ADDITION": "HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_ADDITION is obsolete",
 	}
 	sortedKeys := maps.Keys(keyToMessage)
 	slices.Sort(sortedKeys)
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/dot.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/dot.go
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ func (d DoT) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
 		return node
 	}

-	update := "disabled" //nolint:goconst
+	update := "disabled"
 	if *d.UpdatePeriod > 0 {
 		update = "every " + d.UpdatePeriod.String()
 	}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/errors.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/errors.go
@@ -36,8 +36,6 @@ var (
 	ErrSystemPUIDNotValid              = errors.New("process user id is not valid")
 	ErrSystemTimezoneNotValid          = errors.New("timezone is not valid")
 	ErrUpdaterPeriodTooSmall           = errors.New("VPN server data updater period is too small")
-	ErrUpdaterProtonPasswordMissing    = errors.New("proton password is missing")
-	ErrUpdaterProtonEmailMissing       = errors.New("proton email is missing")
 	ErrVPNProviderNameNotValid         = errors.New("VPN provider name is not valid")
 	ErrVPNTypeNotValid                 = errors.New("VPN type is not valid")
 	ErrWireguardAllowedIPNotSet        = errors.New("allowed IP is not set")
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/health.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/health.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package settings

 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"time"

@@ -24,16 +25,16 @@ type Health struct {
 	// HTTP server. It defaults to 500 milliseconds.
 	ReadTimeout time.Duration
 	// TargetAddress is the address (host or host:port)
-	// to TCP dial to periodically for the health check.
+	// to TCP TLS dial to periodically for the health check.
 	// It cannot be the empty string in the internal state.
 	TargetAddress string
-	// SuccessWait is the duration to wait to re-run the
-	// healthcheck after a successful healthcheck.
-	// It defaults to 5 seconds and cannot be zero in
-	// the internal state.
-	SuccessWait time.Duration
-	// VPN has health settings specific to the VPN loop.
-	VPN HealthyWait
+	// ICMPTargetIP is the IP address to use for ICMP echo requests
+	// in the health checker. It can be set to an unspecified address
+	// such that the VPN server IP is used, which is also the default behavior.
+	ICMPTargetIP netip.Addr
+	// RestartVPN indicates whether to restart the VPN connection
+	// when the healthcheck fails.
+	RestartVPN *bool
 }

 func (h Health) Validate() (err error) {
@@ -42,11 +43,6 @@ func (h Health) Validate() (err error) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("server listening address is not valid: %w", err)
 	}

-	err = h.VPN.validate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("health VPN settings: %w", err)
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }

@@ -56,8 +52,8 @@ func (h *Health) copy() (copied Health) {
 		ReadHeaderTimeout: h.ReadHeaderTimeout,
 		ReadTimeout:       h.ReadTimeout,
 		TargetAddress:     h.TargetAddress,
-		SuccessWait:       h.SuccessWait,
-		VPN:               h.VPN.copy(),
+		ICMPTargetIP:      h.ICMPTargetIP,
+		RestartVPN:        gosettings.CopyPointer(h.RestartVPN),
 	}
 }

@@ -69,8 +65,8 @@ func (h *Health) OverrideWith(other Health) {
 	h.ReadHeaderTimeout = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(h.ReadHeaderTimeout, other.ReadHeaderTimeout)
 	h.ReadTimeout = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(h.ReadTimeout, other.ReadTimeout)
 	h.TargetAddress = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(h.TargetAddress, other.TargetAddress)
-	h.SuccessWait = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(h.SuccessWait, other.SuccessWait)
-	h.VPN.overrideWith(other.VPN)
+	h.ICMPTargetIP = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(h.ICMPTargetIP, other.ICMPTargetIP)
+	h.RestartVPN = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(h.RestartVPN, other.RestartVPN)
 }

 func (h *Health) SetDefaults() {
@@ -80,9 +76,8 @@ func (h *Health) SetDefaults() {
 	const defaultReadTimeout = 500 * time.Millisecond
 	h.ReadTimeout = gosettings.DefaultComparable(h.ReadTimeout, defaultReadTimeout)
 	h.TargetAddress = gosettings.DefaultComparable(h.TargetAddress, "cloudflare.com:443")
-	const defaultSuccessWait = 5 * time.Second
-	h.SuccessWait = gosettings.DefaultComparable(h.SuccessWait, defaultSuccessWait)
-	h.VPN.setDefaults()
+	h.ICMPTargetIP = gosettings.DefaultComparable(h.ICMPTargetIP, netip.IPv4Unspecified()) // use the VPN server IP
+	h.RestartVPN = gosettings.DefaultPointer(h.RestartVPN, true)
 }

 func (h Health) String() string {
@@ -93,10 +88,12 @@ func (h Health) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
 	node = gotree.New("Health settings:")
 	node.Appendf("Server listening address: %s", h.ServerAddress)
 	node.Appendf("Target address: %s", h.TargetAddress)
-	node.Appendf("Duration to wait after success: %s", h.SuccessWait)
-	node.Appendf("Read header timeout: %s", h.ReadHeaderTimeout)
-	node.Appendf("Read timeout: %s", h.ReadTimeout)
-	node.AppendNode(h.VPN.toLinesNode("VPN"))
+	icmpTarget := "VPN server IP"
+	if !h.ICMPTargetIP.IsUnspecified() {
+		icmpTarget = h.ICMPTargetIP.String()
+	}
+	node.Appendf("ICMP target IP: %s", icmpTarget)
+	node.Appendf("Restart VPN on healthcheck failure: %s", gosettings.BoolToYesNo(h.RestartVPN))
 	return node
 }

@@ -104,16 +101,13 @@ func (h *Health) Read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
 	h.ServerAddress = r.String("HEALTH_SERVER_ADDRESS")
 	h.TargetAddress = r.String("HEALTH_TARGET_ADDRESS",
 		reader.RetroKeys("HEALTH_ADDRESS_TO_PING"))
-
-	h.SuccessWait, err = r.Duration("HEALTH_SUCCESS_WAIT_DURATION")
+	h.ICMPTargetIP, err = r.NetipAddr("HEALTH_ICMP_TARGET_IP")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	err = h.VPN.read(r)
+	h.RestartVPN, err = r.BoolPtr("HEALTH_RESTART_VPN")
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("VPN health settings: %w", err)
+		return err
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/healthywait.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/healthywait.go
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosettings/reader"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-type HealthyWait struct {
-	// Initial is the initial duration to wait for the program
-	// to be healthy before taking action.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Initial *time.Duration
-	// Addition is the duration to add to the Initial duration
-	// after Initial has expired to wait longer for the program
-	// to be healthy.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Addition *time.Duration
-}
-
-func (h HealthyWait) validate() (err error) {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (h *HealthyWait) copy() (copied HealthyWait) {
-	return HealthyWait{
-		Initial:  gosettings.CopyPointer(h.Initial),
-		Addition: gosettings.CopyPointer(h.Addition),
-	}
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (h *HealthyWait) overrideWith(other HealthyWait) {
-	h.Initial = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(h.Initial, other.Initial)
-	h.Addition = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(h.Addition, other.Addition)
-}
-
-func (h *HealthyWait) setDefaults() {
-	const initialDurationDefault = 6 * time.Second
-	const additionDurationDefault = 5 * time.Second
-	h.Initial = gosettings.DefaultPointer(h.Initial, initialDurationDefault)
-	h.Addition = gosettings.DefaultPointer(h.Addition, additionDurationDefault)
-}
-
-func (h HealthyWait) String() string {
-	return h.toLinesNode("Health").String()
-}
-
-func (h HealthyWait) toLinesNode(kind string) (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New(kind + " wait durations:")
-	node.Appendf("Initial duration: %s", *h.Initial)
-	node.Appendf("Additional duration: %s", *h.Addition)
-	return node
-}
-
-func (h *HealthyWait) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {
-	h.Initial, err = r.DurationPtr(
-		"HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_INITIAL",
-		reader.RetroKeys("HEALTH_OPENVPN_DURATION_INITIAL"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	h.Addition, err = r.DurationPtr(
-		"HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_ADDITION",
-		reader.RetroKeys("HEALTH_OPENVPN_DURATION_ADDITION"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/serverselection.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/serverselection.go
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
 )

-type ServerSelection struct { //nolint:maligned
+type ServerSelection struct {
 	// VPN is the VPN type which can be 'openvpn'
 	// or 'wireguard'. It cannot be the empty string
 	// in the internal state.
@@ -354,11 +354,8 @@ func (ss *ServerSelection) setDefaults(vpnProvider string, portForwardingEnabled
 	ss.SecureCoreOnly = gosettings.DefaultPointer(ss.SecureCoreOnly, false)
 	ss.TorOnly = gosettings.DefaultPointer(ss.TorOnly, false)
 	ss.MultiHopOnly = gosettings.DefaultPointer(ss.MultiHopOnly, false)
-	defaultPortForwardOnly := false
-	if portForwardingEnabled && helpers.IsOneOf(vpnProvider,
-		providers.PrivateInternetAccess, providers.Protonvpn) {
-		defaultPortForwardOnly = true
-	}
+	defaultPortForwardOnly := portForwardingEnabled &&
+		helpers.IsOneOf(vpnProvider, providers.PrivateInternetAccess, providers.Protonvpn)
 	ss.PortForwardOnly = gosettings.DefaultPointer(ss.PortForwardOnly, defaultPortForwardOnly)
 	ss.OpenVPN.setDefaults(vpnProvider)
 	ss.Wireguard.setDefaults()
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/settings_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/settings_test.go
@@ -58,12 +58,8 @@ func Test_Settings_String(t *testing.T) {
 ├── Health settings:
 |   ├── Server listening address: 127.0.0.1:9999
 |   ├── Target address: cloudflare.com:443
-|   ├── Duration to wait after success: 5s
-|   ├── Read header timeout: 100ms
-|   ├── Read timeout: 500ms
-|   └── VPN wait durations:
-|       ├── Initial duration: 6s
-|       └── Additional duration: 5s
+|   ├── ICMP target IP: VPN server IP
+|   └── Restart VPN on healthcheck failure: yes
 ├── Shadowsocks server settings:
 |   └── Enabled: no
 ├── HTTP proxy settings:
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/shadowsocks.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/shadowsocks.go
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ type Shadowsocks struct {
 	// It defaults to false, and cannot be nil in the internal state.
 	Enabled *bool
 	// Settings are settings for the TCP+UDP server.
-	tcpudp.Settings
+	Settings tcpudp.Settings
 }

 func (s Shadowsocks) validate() (err error) {
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/updater.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/updater.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package settings

 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"time"

@@ -32,10 +31,6 @@ type Updater struct {
 	// Providers is the list of VPN service providers
 	// to update server information for.
 	Providers []string
-	// ProtonEmail is the email to authenticate with the Proton API.
-	ProtonEmail *string
-	// ProtonPassword is the password to authenticate with the Proton API.
-	ProtonPassword *string
 }

 func (u Updater) Validate() (err error) {
@@ -56,18 +51,6 @@ func (u Updater) Validate() (err error) {
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrVPNProviderNameNotValid, err)
 		}
-
-		if provider == providers.Protonvpn {
-			authenticatedAPI := *u.ProtonEmail != "" || *u.ProtonPassword != ""
-			if authenticatedAPI {
-				switch {
-				case *u.ProtonEmail == "":
-					return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrUpdaterProtonEmailMissing)
-				case *u.ProtonPassword == "":
-					return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrUpdaterProtonPasswordMissing)
-				}
-			}
-		}
 	}

 	return nil
@@ -79,8 +62,6 @@ func (u *Updater) copy() (copied Updater) {
 		DNSAddress: u.DNSAddress,
 		MinRatio:   u.MinRatio,
 		Providers:  gosettings.CopySlice(u.Providers),
-		ProtonEmail:    gosettings.CopyPointer(u.ProtonEmail),
-		ProtonPassword: gosettings.CopyPointer(u.ProtonPassword),
 	}
 }

@@ -92,8 +73,6 @@ func (u *Updater) overrideWith(other Updater) {
 	u.DNSAddress = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(u.DNSAddress, other.DNSAddress)
 	u.MinRatio = gosettings.OverrideWithComparable(u.MinRatio, other.MinRatio)
 	u.Providers = gosettings.OverrideWithSlice(u.Providers, other.Providers)
-	u.ProtonEmail = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(u.ProtonEmail, other.ProtonEmail)
-	u.ProtonPassword = gosettings.OverrideWithPointer(u.ProtonPassword, other.ProtonPassword)
 }

 func (u *Updater) SetDefaults(vpnProvider string) {
@@ -108,10 +87,6 @@ func (u *Updater) SetDefaults(vpnProvider string) {
 	if len(u.Providers) == 0 && vpnProvider != providers.Custom {
 		u.Providers = []string{vpnProvider}
 	}
-
-	// Set these to empty strings to avoid nil pointer panics
-	u.ProtonEmail = gosettings.DefaultPointer(u.ProtonEmail, "")
-	u.ProtonPassword = gosettings.DefaultPointer(u.ProtonPassword, "")
 }

 func (u Updater) String() string {
@@ -128,10 +103,6 @@ func (u Updater) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
 	node.Appendf("DNS address: %s", u.DNSAddress)
 	node.Appendf("Minimum ratio: %.1f", u.MinRatio)
 	node.Appendf("Providers to update: %s", strings.Join(u.Providers, ", "))
-	if slices.Contains(u.Providers, providers.Protonvpn) {
-		node.Appendf("Proton API email: %s", *u.ProtonEmail)
-		node.Appendf("Proton API password: %s", gosettings.ObfuscateKey(*u.ProtonPassword))
-	}

 	return node
 }
@@ -154,14 +125,6 @@ func (u *Updater) read(r *reader.Reader) (err error) {

 	u.Providers = r.CSV("UPDATER_VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDERS")

-	u.ProtonEmail = r.Get("UPDATER_PROTONVPN_EMAIL")
-	if u.ProtonEmail == nil {
-		protonUsername := r.String("UPDATER_PROTONVPN_USERNAME", reader.IsRetro("UPDATER_PROTONVPN_EMAIL"))
-		protonEmail := protonUsername + "@protonmail.com"
-		u.ProtonEmail = &protonEmail
-	}
-	u.ProtonPassword = r.Get("UPDATER_PROTONVPN_PASSWORD")
-
 	return nil
 }

--- a/internal/dns/run.go
+++ b/internal/dns/run.go
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 			if err == nil {
 				l.backoffTime = defaultBackoffTime
 				l.logger.Info("ready")
+				l.signalOrSetStatus(constants.Running)
 				break
 			}

@@ -53,7 +54,6 @@ func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 			l.logAndWait(ctx, err)
 			settings = l.GetSettings()
 		}
-		l.signalOrSetStatus(constants.Running)

 		settings = l.GetSettings()
 		if !*settings.KeepNameserver && !*settings.DoT.Enabled {
@@ -74,19 +74,15 @@ func (l *Loop) runWait(ctx context.Context, runError <-chan error) (exitLoop boo
 	for {
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
-			if !*l.GetSettings().KeepNameserver {
 			l.stopServer()
 			// TODO revert OS and Go nameserver when exiting
-			}
 			return true
 		case <-l.stop:
 			l.userTrigger = true
 			l.logger.Info("stopping")
-			if !*l.GetSettings().KeepNameserver {
 			const fallback = false
 			l.useUnencryptedDNS(fallback)
 			l.stopServer()
-			}
 			l.stopped <- struct{}{}
 		case <-l.start:
 			l.userTrigger = true
--- a/internal/firewall/delete.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/delete.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ func isDeleteMatchInstruction(instruction string) bool {
 	fields := strings.Fields(instruction)
 	for i, field := range fields {
 		switch {
-		case field != "-D" && field != "--delete": //nolint:goconst
+		case field != "-D" && field != "--delete":
 			continue
 		case i == len(fields)-1: // malformed: missing chain name
 			return false
--- a/internal/firewall/firewall.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/firewall.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/routing"
 )

-type Config struct { //nolint:maligned
+type Config struct {
 	runner         CmdRunner
 	logger         Logger
 	iptablesMutex  sync.Mutex
--- a/internal/firewall/ip6tables.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/ip6tables.go
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ var ErrPolicyNotValid = errors.New("policy is not valid")

 func (c *Config) setIPv6AllPolicies(ctx context.Context, policy string) error {
 	switch policy {
-	case "ACCEPT", "DROP": //nolint:goconst
+	case "ACCEPT", "DROP":
 	default:
 		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrPolicyNotValid, policy)
 	}
--- a/internal/firewall/iptables.go
+++ b/internal/firewall/iptables.go
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ func (c *Config) acceptOutputTrafficToVPN(ctx context.Context,
 ) error {
 	protocol := connection.Protocol
 	if protocol == "tcp-client" {
-		protocol = "tcp" //nolint:goconst
+		protocol = "tcp"
 	}
 	instruction := fmt.Sprintf("%s OUTPUT -d %s -o %s -p %s -m %s --dport %d -j ACCEPT",
 		appendOrDelete(remove), connection.IP, defaultInterface, protocol,
--- a/internal/healthcheck/checker.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/checker.go
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+package healthcheck
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/healthcheck/dns"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/healthcheck/icmp"
+)
+
+type Checker struct {
+	tlsDialAddr string
+	dialer      *net.Dialer
+	echoer      *icmp.Echoer
+	dnsClient   *dns.Client
+	logger      Logger
+	icmpTarget  netip.Addr
+	configMutex sync.Mutex
+
+	icmpNotPermitted bool
+	smallCheckName   string
+
+	// Internal periodic service signals
+	stop context.CancelFunc
+	done <-chan struct{}
+}
+
+func NewChecker(logger Logger) *Checker {
+	return &Checker{
+		dialer: &net.Dialer{
+			Resolver: &net.Resolver{
+				PreferGo: true,
+			},
+		},
+		echoer:    icmp.NewEchoer(logger),
+		dnsClient: dns.New(),
+		logger:    logger,
+	}
+}
+
+// SetConfig sets the TCP+TLS dial address and the ICMP echo IP address
+// to target by the [Checker].
+// This function MUST be called before calling [Checker.Start].
+func (c *Checker) SetConfig(tlsDialAddr string, icmpTarget netip.Addr) {
+	c.configMutex.Lock()
+	defer c.configMutex.Unlock()
+	c.tlsDialAddr = tlsDialAddr
+	c.icmpTarget = icmpTarget
+}
+
+// Start starts the checker by first running a blocking 2s-timed TCP+TLS check,
+// and, on success, starts the periodic checks in a separate goroutine:
+// - a "small" ICMP echo check every 15 seconds
+// - a "full" TCP+TLS check every 5 minutes
+// It returns a channel `runError` that receives an error (nil or not) when a periodic check is performed.
+// It returns an error if the initial TCP+TLS check fails.
+// The Checker has to be ultimately stopped by calling [Checker.Stop].
+func (c *Checker) Start(ctx context.Context) (runError <-chan error, err error) {
+	if c.tlsDialAddr == "" || c.icmpTarget.IsUnspecified() {
+		panic("call Checker.SetConfig with non empty values before Checker.Start")
+	}
+
+	// connection isn't under load yet when the checker starts, so a short
+	// 6 seconds timeout suffices and provides quick enough feedback that
+	// the new connection is not working.
+	const timeout = 6 * time.Second
+	tcpTLSCheckCtx, tcpTLSCheckCancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
+	err = tcpTLSCheck(tcpTLSCheckCtx, c.dialer, c.tlsDialAddr)
+	tcpTLSCheckCancel()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("startup check: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	ready := make(chan struct{})
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	c.stop = cancel
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	c.done = done
+	c.smallCheckName = "ICMP echo"
+	const smallCheckPeriod = time.Minute
+	smallCheckTimer := time.NewTimer(smallCheckPeriod)
+	const fullCheckPeriod = 5 * time.Minute
+	fullCheckTimer := time.NewTimer(fullCheckPeriod)
+	runErrorCh := make(chan error)
+	runError = runErrorCh
+	go func() {
+		defer close(done)
+		close(ready)
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				fullCheckTimer.Stop()
+				smallCheckTimer.Stop()
+				return
+			case <-smallCheckTimer.C:
+				err := c.smallPeriodicCheck(ctx)
+				if err != nil {
+					err = fmt.Errorf("small periodic check: %w", err)
+				}
+				runErrorCh <- err
+				smallCheckTimer.Reset(smallCheckPeriod)
+			case <-fullCheckTimer.C:
+				err := c.fullPeriodicCheck(ctx)
+				if err != nil {
+					err = fmt.Errorf("full periodic check: %w", err)
+				}
+				runErrorCh <- err
+				fullCheckTimer.Reset(fullCheckPeriod)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	<-ready
+	return runError, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Checker) Stop() error {
+	c.stop()
+	<-c.done
+	c.icmpTarget = netip.Addr{}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Checker) smallPeriodicCheck(ctx context.Context) error {
+	c.configMutex.Lock()
+	ip := c.icmpTarget
+	c.configMutex.Unlock()
+	const maxTries = 3
+	const timeout = 10 * time.Second
+	const extraTryTime = 10 * time.Second // 10s added for each subsequent retry
+	check := func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		if c.icmpNotPermitted {
+			return c.dnsClient.Check(ctx)
+		}
+		err := c.echoer.Echo(ctx, ip)
+		if errors.Is(err, icmp.ErrNotPermitted) {
+			c.icmpNotPermitted = true
+			c.smallCheckName = "plain DNS over UDP"
+			c.logger.Infof("%s; permanently falling back to %s checks.", c.smallCheckName, err)
+			return c.dnsClient.Check(ctx)
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	return withRetries(ctx, maxTries, timeout, extraTryTime, c.logger, c.smallCheckName, check)
+}
+
+func (c *Checker) fullPeriodicCheck(ctx context.Context) error {
+	const maxTries = 2
+	// 20s timeout in case the connection is under stress
+	// See https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues/2270
+	const timeout = 20 * time.Second
+	const extraTryTime = 10 * time.Second // 10s added for each subsequent retry
+	check := func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return tcpTLSCheck(ctx, c.dialer, c.tlsDialAddr)
+	}
+	return withRetries(ctx, maxTries, timeout, extraTryTime, c.logger, "TCP+TLS dial", check)
+}
+
+func tcpTLSCheck(ctx context.Context, dialer *net.Dialer, targetAddress string) error {
+	// TODO use mullvad API if current provider is Mullvad
+
+	address, err := makeAddressToDial(targetAddress)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	const dialNetwork = "tcp4"
+	connection, err := dialer.DialContext(ctx, dialNetwork, address)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("dialing: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasSuffix(address, ":443") {
+		host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(address)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("splitting host and port: %w", err)
+		}
+		tlsConfig := &tls.Config{
+			MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12,
+			ServerName: host,
+		}
+		tlsConnection := tls.Client(connection, tlsConfig)
+		err = tlsConnection.HandshakeContext(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("running TLS handshake: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = connection.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("closing connection: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func makeAddressToDial(address string) (addressToDial string, err error) {
+	host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(address)
+	if err != nil {
+		addrErr := new(net.AddrError)
+		ok := errors.As(err, &addrErr)
+		if !ok || addrErr.Err != "missing port in address" {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("splitting host and port from address: %w", err)
+		}
+		host = address
+		const defaultPort = "443"
+		port = defaultPort
+	}
+	address = net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
+	return address, nil
+}
+
+var ErrAllCheckTriesFailed = errors.New("all check tries failed")
+
+func withRetries(ctx context.Context, maxTries uint, tryTimeout, extraTryTime time.Duration,
+	logger Logger, checkName string, check func(ctx context.Context) error,
+) error {
+	try := uint(0)
+	var errs []error
+	for {
+		timeout := tryTimeout + time.Duration(try)*extraTryTime //nolint:gosec
+		checkCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
+		err := check(checkCtx)
+		cancel()
+		switch {
+		case err == nil:
+			return nil
+		case ctx.Err() != nil:
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", checkName, ctx.Err())
+		}
+		logger.Debugf("%s attempt %d/%d failed: %s", checkName, try+1, maxTries, err)
+		errs = append(errs, err)
+		try++
+		if try < maxTries {
+			continue
+		}
+		errStrings := make([]string, len(errs))
+		for i, err := range errs {
+			errStrings[i] = fmt.Sprintf("attempt %d: %s", i+1, err.Error())
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: after %d %s attempts (%s)",
+			ErrAllCheckTriesFailed, maxTries, checkName, strings.Join(errStrings, "; "))
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/healthcheck/checker_test.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/checker_test.go
@@ -7,12 +7,11 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

-func Test_Server_healthCheck(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_Checker_fullcheck(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()

 	t.Run("canceled real dialer", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -21,26 +20,28 @@ func Test_Server_healthCheck(t *testing.T) {
 		dialer := &net.Dialer{}
 		const address = "cloudflare.com:443"

-		server := &Server{
+		checker := &Checker{
 			dialer:      dialer,
-			config: settings.Health{
-				TargetAddress: address,
-			},
+			tlsDialAddr: address,
 		}

 		canceledCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 		cancel()

-		err := server.healthCheck(canceledCtx)
+		err := checker.fullPeriodicCheck(canceledCtx)

 		require.Error(t, err)
-		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "operation was canceled")
+		assert.EqualError(t, err, "TCP+TLS dial: context canceled")
 	})

 	t.Run("dial localhost:0", func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()

-		listener, err := net.Listen("tcp4", "localhost:0")
+		const timeout = 100 * time.Millisecond
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
+		defer cancel()
+		listenConfig := &net.ListenConfig{}
+		listener, err := listenConfig.Listen(ctx, "tcp4", "localhost:0")
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		t.Cleanup(func() {
 			err = listener.Close()
@@ -50,18 +51,12 @@ func Test_Server_healthCheck(t *testing.T) {
 		listeningAddress := listener.Addr()

 		dialer := &net.Dialer{}
-		server := &Server{
+		checker := &Checker{
 			dialer:      dialer,
-			config: settings.Health{
-				TargetAddress: listeningAddress.String(),
-			},
+			tlsDialAddr: listeningAddress.String(),
 		}

-		const timeout = 100 * time.Millisecond
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
-		defer cancel()
-
-		err = server.healthCheck(ctx)
+		err = checker.fullPeriodicCheck(ctx)

 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 	})
--- a/internal/healthcheck/dns/dns.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/dns/dns.go
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+)
+
+// Client is a simple plaintext UDP DNS client, to be used for healthchecks.
+// Note the client connects to a DNS server only over UDP on port 53,
+// because we don't want to use DoT or DoH and impact the TCP connections
+// when running a healthcheck.
+type Client struct{}
+
+func New() *Client {
+	return &Client{}
+}
+
+var ErrLookupNoIPs = errors.New("no IPs found from DNS lookup")
+
+func (c *Client) Check(ctx context.Context) error {
+	resolver := &net.Resolver{
+		PreferGo: true,
+		Dial: func(ctx context.Context, _, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			dialer := net.Dialer{}
+			return dialer.DialContext(ctx, "udp", "1.1.1.1:53")
+		},
+	}
+	ips, err := resolver.LookupIP(ctx, "ip", "github.com")
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
+		return err
+	case len(ips) == 0:
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrLookupNoIPs)
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/healthcheck/handler.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/handler.go
@@ -9,13 +9,15 @@ import (
 type handler struct {
 	healthErr   error
 	healthErrMu sync.RWMutex
+	logger      Logger
 }

 var errHealthcheckNotRunYet = errors.New("healthcheck did not run yet")

-func newHandler() *handler {
+func newHandler(logger Logger) *handler {
 	return &handler{
 		healthErr: errHealthcheckNotRunYet,
+		logger:    logger,
 	}
 }

--- a/internal/healthcheck/health.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/health.go
@@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
-package healthcheck
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"crypto/tls"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-)
-
-func (s *Server) runHealthcheckLoop(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
-	defer close(done)
-
-	timeoutIndex := 0
-	healthcheckTimeouts := []time.Duration{
-		2 * time.Second,
-		4 * time.Second,
-		6 * time.Second,
-		8 * time.Second,
-		// This can be useful when the connection is under stress
-		// See https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues/2270
-		10 * time.Second,
-	}
-	s.vpn.healthyTimer = time.NewTimer(s.vpn.healthyWait)
-
-	for {
-		previousErr := s.handler.getErr()
-
-		timeout := healthcheckTimeouts[timeoutIndex]
-		healthcheckCtx, healthcheckCancel := context.WithTimeout(
-			ctx, timeout)
-		err := s.healthCheck(healthcheckCtx)
-		healthcheckCancel()
-
-		s.handler.setErr(err)
-
-		switch {
-		case previousErr != nil && err == nil: // First success
-			s.logger.Info("healthy!")
-			timeoutIndex = 0
-			s.vpn.healthyTimer.Stop()
-			s.vpn.healthyWait = *s.config.VPN.Initial
-		case previousErr == nil && err != nil: // First failure
-			s.logger.Debug("unhealthy: " + err.Error())
-			s.vpn.healthyTimer.Stop()
-			s.vpn.healthyTimer = time.NewTimer(s.vpn.healthyWait)
-		case previousErr != nil && err != nil: // Nth failure
-			if timeoutIndex < len(healthcheckTimeouts)-1 {
-				timeoutIndex++
-			}
-			select {
-			case <-s.vpn.healthyTimer.C:
-				timeoutIndex = 0 // retry next with the smallest timeout
-				s.onUnhealthyVPN(ctx, err.Error())
-			default:
-			}
-		case previousErr == nil && err == nil: // Nth success
-			timer := time.NewTimer(s.config.SuccessWait)
-			select {
-			case <-ctx.Done():
-				return
-			case <-timer.C:
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *Server) healthCheck(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
-	// TODO use mullvad API if current provider is Mullvad
-
-	address, err := makeAddressToDial(s.config.TargetAddress)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	const dialNetwork = "tcp4"
-	connection, err := s.dialer.DialContext(ctx, dialNetwork, address)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("dialing: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if strings.HasSuffix(address, ":443") {
-		host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(address)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("splitting host and port: %w", err)
-		}
-		tlsConfig := &tls.Config{
-			MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12,
-			ServerName: host,
-		}
-		tlsConnection := tls.Client(connection, tlsConfig)
-		err = tlsConnection.HandshakeContext(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("running TLS handshake: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = connection.Close()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("closing connection: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func makeAddressToDial(address string) (addressToDial string, err error) {
-	host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(address)
-	if err != nil {
-		addrErr := new(net.AddrError)
-		ok := errors.As(err, &addrErr)
-		if !ok || addrErr.Err != "missing port in address" {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("splitting host and port from address: %w", err)
-		}
-		host = address
-		const defaultPort = "443"
-		port = defaultPort
-	}
-	address = net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
-	return address, nil
-}
--- a/internal/healthcheck/icmp/apple_ipv4.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/icmp/apple_ipv4.go
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package icmp
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/ipv4"
+)
+
+var _ net.PacketConn = &ipv4Wrapper{}
+
+// ipv4Wrapper is a wrapper around ipv4.PacketConn to implement
+// the net.PacketConn interface. It's only used for Darwin or iOS.
+type ipv4Wrapper struct {
+	ipv4Conn *ipv4.PacketConn
+}
+
+func ipv4ToNetPacketConn(ipv4 *ipv4.PacketConn) *ipv4Wrapper {
+	return &ipv4Wrapper{ipv4Conn: ipv4}
+}
+
+func (i *ipv4Wrapper) ReadFrom(p []byte) (n int, addr net.Addr, err error) {
+	n, _, addr, err = i.ipv4Conn.ReadFrom(p)
+	return n, addr, err
+}
+
+func (i *ipv4Wrapper) WriteTo(p []byte, addr net.Addr) (n int, err error) {
+	return i.ipv4Conn.WriteTo(p, nil, addr)
+}
+
+func (i *ipv4Wrapper) Close() error {
+	return i.ipv4Conn.Close()
+}
+
+func (i *ipv4Wrapper) LocalAddr() net.Addr {
+	return i.ipv4Conn.LocalAddr()
+}
+
+func (i *ipv4Wrapper) SetDeadline(t time.Time) error {
+	return i.ipv4Conn.SetDeadline(t)
+}
+
+func (i *ipv4Wrapper) SetReadDeadline(t time.Time) error {
+	return i.ipv4Conn.SetReadDeadline(t)
+}
+
+func (i *ipv4Wrapper) SetWriteDeadline(t time.Time) error {
+	return i.ipv4Conn.SetWriteDeadline(t)
+}
--- a/internal/healthcheck/icmp/echo.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/icmp/echo.go
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+package icmp
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	cryptorand "crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"math/rand/v2"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/icmp"
+	"golang.org/x/net/ipv4"
+	"golang.org/x/net/ipv6"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrICMPBodyUnsupported  = errors.New("ICMP body type is not supported")
+	ErrICMPEchoDataMismatch = errors.New("ICMP data mismatch")
+)
+
+type Echoer struct {
+	buffer       []byte
+	randomSource io.Reader
+	logger       Logger
+}
+
+func NewEchoer(logger Logger) *Echoer {
+	const maxICMPEchoSize = 1500
+	buffer := make([]byte, maxICMPEchoSize)
+	var seed [32]byte
+	_, _ = cryptorand.Read(seed[:])
+	randomSource := rand.NewChaCha8(seed)
+	return &Echoer{
+		buffer:       buffer,
+		randomSource: randomSource,
+		logger:       logger,
+	}
+}
+
+var (
+	ErrTimedOut     = errors.New("timed out waiting for ICMP echo reply")
+	ErrNotPermitted = errors.New("not permitted")
+)
+
+func (i *Echoer) Echo(ctx context.Context, ip netip.Addr) (err error) {
+	var ipVersion string
+	var conn net.PacketConn
+	if ip.Is4() {
+		ipVersion = "v4"
+		conn, err = listenICMPv4(ctx)
+	} else {
+		ipVersion = "v6"
+		conn, err = listenICMPv6(ctx)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		if strings.HasSuffix(err.Error(), "socket: operation not permitted") {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("%w: you can try adding NET_RAW capability to resolve this", ErrNotPermitted)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("listening for ICMP packets: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		conn.Close()
+	}()
+
+	const echoDataSize = 32
+	id, message := buildMessageToSend(ipVersion, echoDataSize, i.randomSource)
+
+	encodedMessage, err := message.Marshal(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("encoding ICMP message: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = conn.WriteTo(encodedMessage, &net.IPAddr{IP: ip.AsSlice()})
+	if err != nil {
+		if strings.HasSuffix(err.Error(), "sendto: operation not permitted") {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrNotPermitted)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("writing ICMP message: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	receivedData, err := receiveEchoReply(conn, id, i.buffer, ipVersion, i.logger)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) && ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrTimedOut)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("receiving ICMP echo reply: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	sentData := message.Body.(*icmp.Echo).Data //nolint:forcetypeassert
+	if !bytes.Equal(receivedData, sentData) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: sent %x and received %x", ErrICMPEchoDataMismatch, sentData, receivedData)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func buildMessageToSend(ipVersion string, size uint, randomSource io.Reader) (id int, message *icmp.Message) {
+	const uint16Bytes = 2
+	idBytes := make([]byte, uint16Bytes)
+	_, _ = randomSource.Read(idBytes)
+	id = int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(idBytes))
+
+	var icmpType icmp.Type
+	switch ipVersion {
+	case "v4":
+		icmpType = ipv4.ICMPTypeEcho
+	case "v6":
+		icmpType = ipv6.ICMPTypeEchoRequest
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("IP version %q not supported", ipVersion))
+	}
+	messageBodyData := make([]byte, size)
+	_, _ = randomSource.Read(messageBodyData)
+
+	// See https://www.iana.org/assignments/icmp-parameters/icmp-parameters.xhtml#icmp-parameters-types
+	message = &icmp.Message{
+		Type:     icmpType, // echo request
+		Code:     0,        // no code
+		Checksum: 0,        // calculated at encoding (ipv4) or sending (ipv6)
+		Body: &icmp.Echo{
+			ID:   id,
+			Seq:  0, // only one packet
+			Data: messageBodyData,
+		},
+	}
+	return id, message
+}
+
+func receiveEchoReply(conn net.PacketConn, id int, buffer []byte, ipVersion string, logger Logger,
+) (data []byte, err error) {
+	var icmpProtocol int
+	const (
+		icmpv4Protocol = 1
+		icmpv6Protocol = 58
+	)
+	switch ipVersion {
+	case "v4":
+		icmpProtocol = icmpv4Protocol
+	case "v6":
+		icmpProtocol = icmpv6Protocol
+	default:
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("unknown IP version: %s", ipVersion))
+	}
+
+	for {
+		// Note we need to read the whole packet in one call to ReadFrom, so the buffer
+		// must be large enough to read the entire reply packet. See:
+		// https://groups.google.com/g/golang-nuts/c/5dy2Q4nPs08/m/KmuSQAGEtG4J
+		bytesRead, returnAddr, err := conn.ReadFrom(buffer)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading from ICMP connection: %w", err)
+		}
+		packetBytes := buffer[:bytesRead]
+
+		// Parse the ICMP message
+		message, err := icmp.ParseMessage(icmpProtocol, packetBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing message: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		switch body := message.Body.(type) {
+		case *icmp.Echo:
+			if id != body.ID {
+				logger.Warnf("ignoring ICMP echo reply mismatching expected id %d "+
+					"(id: %d, type: %d, code: %d, length: %d, return address %s)",
+					id, body.ID, message.Type, message.Code, len(packetBytes), returnAddr)
+				continue // not the ID we are looking for
+			}
+			return body.Data, nil
+		case *icmp.DstUnreach:
+			logger.Debugf("ignoring ICMP destination unreachable message (type: 3, code: %d, return address %s, expected-id %d)",
+				message.Code, returnAddr, id)
+			// See https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pull/2923#issuecomment-3377532249
+			// on why we ignore this message. If it is actually unreachable, the timeout on waiting for
+			// the echo reply will do instead of returning an error error.
+			continue
+		case *icmp.TimeExceeded:
+			logger.Debugf("ignoring ICMP time exceeded message (type: 11, code: %d, return address %s, expected-id %d)",
+				message.Code, returnAddr, id)
+			continue
+		default:
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %T (type %d, code %d, return address %s, expected-id %d)",
+				ErrICMPBodyUnsupported, body, message.Type, message.Code, returnAddr, id)
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/healthcheck/icmp/interfaces.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/icmp/interfaces.go
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package icmp
+
+type Logger interface {
+	Debugf(format string, args ...any)
+	Warnf(format string, args ...any)
+}
--- a/internal/healthcheck/icmp/listen.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/icmp/listen.go
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package icmp
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"runtime"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/ipv4"
+)
+
+func listenICMPv4(ctx context.Context) (conn net.PacketConn, err error) {
+	var listenConfig net.ListenConfig
+	const listenAddress = ""
+	packetConn, err := listenConfig.ListenPacket(ctx, "ip4:icmp", listenAddress)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listening for ICMP packets: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" || runtime.GOOS == "ios" {
+		packetConn = ipv4ToNetPacketConn(ipv4.NewPacketConn(packetConn))
+	}
+
+	return packetConn, nil
+}
+
+func listenICMPv6(ctx context.Context) (conn net.PacketConn, err error) {
+	var listenConfig net.ListenConfig
+	const listenAddress = ""
+	packetConn, err := listenConfig.ListenPacket(ctx, "ip6:ipv6-icmp", listenAddress)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listening for ICMPv6 packets: %w", err)
+	}
+	return packetConn, nil
+}
--- a/internal/healthcheck/interfaces.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/interfaces.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package healthcheck
+
+type Logger interface {
+	Debugf(format string, args ...any)
+	Info(s string)
+	Infof(format string, args ...any)
+	Warnf(format string, args ...any)
+	Error(s string)
+}
--- a/internal/healthcheck/logger.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/logger.go
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-package healthcheck
-
-type Logger interface {
-	Debug(s string)
-	Info(s string)
-	Error(s string)
-}
--- a/internal/healthcheck/openvpn.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/openvpn.go
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-package healthcheck
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-)
-
-type vpnHealth struct {
-	loop         StatusApplier
-	healthyWait  time.Duration
-	healthyTimer *time.Timer
-}
-
-func (s *Server) onUnhealthyVPN(ctx context.Context, lastErrMessage string) {
-	s.logger.Info("program has been unhealthy for " +
-		s.vpn.healthyWait.String() + ": restarting VPN (healthcheck error: " + lastErrMessage + ")")
-	s.logger.Info("👉 See https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/faq/healthcheck.md")
-	s.logger.Info("DO NOT OPEN AN ISSUE UNLESS YOU READ AND TRIED EACH POSSIBLE SOLUTION")
-	_, _ = s.vpn.loop.ApplyStatus(ctx, constants.Stopped)
-	_, _ = s.vpn.loop.ApplyStatus(ctx, constants.Running)
-	s.vpn.healthyWait += *s.config.VPN.Addition
-	s.vpn.healthyTimer = time.NewTimer(s.vpn.healthyWait)
-}
--- a/internal/healthcheck/run.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/run.go
@@ -10,9 +10,6 @@ import (
 func (s *Server) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 	defer close(done)

-	loopDone := make(chan struct{})
-	go s.runHealthcheckLoop(ctx, loopDone)
-
 	server := http.Server{
 		Addr:              s.config.ServerAddress,
 		Handler:           s.handler,
@@ -37,6 +34,5 @@ func (s *Server) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 		s.logger.Error(err.Error())
 	}

-	<-loopDone
 	<-serverDone
 }
--- a/internal/healthcheck/server.go
+++ b/internal/healthcheck/server.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package healthcheck

 import (
 	"context"
-	"net"

 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
@@ -11,30 +10,21 @@ import (
 type Server struct {
 	logger  Logger
 	handler *handler
-	dialer  *net.Dialer
 	config  settings.Health
-	vpn     vpnHealth
 }

-func NewServer(config settings.Health,
-	logger Logger, vpnLoop StatusApplier,
-) *Server {
+func NewServer(config settings.Health, logger Logger) *Server {
 	return &Server{
 		logger:  logger,
-		handler: newHandler(),
-		dialer: &net.Dialer{
-			Resolver: &net.Resolver{
-				PreferGo: true,
-			},
-		},
+		handler: newHandler(logger),
 		config:  config,
-		vpn: vpnHealth{
-			loop:        vpnLoop,
-			healthyWait: *config.VPN.Initial,
-		},
 	}
 }

+func (s *Server) SetError(err error) {
+	s.handler.setErr(err)
+}
+
 type StatusApplier interface {
 	ApplyStatus(ctx context.Context, status models.LoopStatus) (
 		outcome string, err error)
--- a/internal/httpserver/run.go
+++ b/internal/httpserver/run.go
@@ -20,8 +20,10 @@ func (s *Server) Run(ctx context.Context, ready chan<- struct{}, done chan<- str

 	crashed := make(chan struct{})
 	shutdownDone := make(chan struct{})
+	listenCtx, listenCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	go func() {
 		defer close(shutdownDone)
+		defer listenCancel()
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 		case <-crashed:
@@ -37,7 +39,8 @@ func (s *Server) Run(ctx context.Context, ready chan<- struct{}, done chan<- str
 		}
 	}()

-	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", s.address)
+	listenConfig := &net.ListenConfig{}
+	listener, err := listenConfig.Listen(listenCtx, "tcp", s.address)
 	if err != nil {
 		close(s.addressSet)
 		close(crashed) // stop shutdown goroutine
--- a/internal/mod/load.go
+++ b/internal/mod/load.go
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ func initModule(path string) (err error) {
 		const flags = 0
 		err = unix.FinitModule(int(file.Fd()), moduleParams, flags)
 		switch {
-		case err == nil, err == unix.EEXIST: //nolint:goerr113
+		case err == nil, err == unix.EEXIST: //nolint:err113
 			return nil
-		case err != unix.ENOSYS: //nolint:goerr113
+		case err != unix.ENOSYS: //nolint:err113
 			if strings.HasSuffix(err.Error(), "operation not permitted") {
 				err = fmt.Errorf("%w; did you set the SYS_MODULE capability to your container?", err)
 			}
--- a/internal/netlink/family.go
+++ b/internal/netlink/family.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ const (
 func FamilyToString(family int) string {
 	switch family {
 	case FamilyAll:
-		return "all" //nolint:goconst
+		return "all"
 	case FamilyV4:
 		return "v4"
 	case FamilyV6:
--- a/internal/provider/common/updater.go
+++ b/internal/provider/common/updater.go
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ var (
 	ErrNotEnoughServers     = errors.New("not enough servers found")
 	ErrHTTPStatusCodeNotOK  = errors.New("HTTP status code not OK")
 	ErrIPFetcherUnsupported = errors.New("IP fetcher not supported")
-	ErrCredentialsMissing   = errors.New("credentials missing")
 )

 type Fetcher interface {
--- a/internal/provider/cyberghost/provider.go
+++ b/internal/provider/cyberghost/provider.go
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ type Provider struct {
 }

 func New(storage common.Storage, randSource rand.Source,
-	updaterWarner common.Warner, parallelResolver common.ParallelResolver,
+	parallelResolver common.ParallelResolver,
 ) *Provider {
 	return &Provider{
 		storage:    storage,
 		randSource: randSource,
-		Fetcher:    updater.New(parallelResolver, updaterWarner),
+		Fetcher:    updater.New(parallelResolver),
 	}
 }

--- a/internal/provider/cyberghost/updater/servers.go
+++ b/internal/provider/cyberghost/updater/servers.go
@@ -16,10 +16,7 @@ func (u *Updater) FetchServers(ctx context.Context, minServers int) (

 	possibleHosts := possibleServers.hostsSlice()
 	resolveSettings := parallelResolverSettings(possibleHosts)
-	hostToIPs, warnings, err := u.parallelResolver.Resolve(ctx, resolveSettings)
-	for _, warning := range warnings {
-		u.warner.Warn(warning)
-	}
+	hostToIPs, _, err := u.parallelResolver.Resolve(ctx, resolveSettings)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
--- a/internal/provider/cyberghost/updater/updater.go
+++ b/internal/provider/cyberghost/updater/updater.go
@@ -6,12 +6,10 @@ import (

 type Updater struct {
 	parallelResolver common.ParallelResolver
-	warner           common.Warner
 }

-func New(parallelResolver common.ParallelResolver, warner common.Warner) *Updater {
+func New(parallelResolver common.ParallelResolver) *Updater {
 	return &Updater{
 		parallelResolver: parallelResolver,
-		warner:           warner,
 	}
 }
--- a/internal/provider/expressvpn/updater/hardcoded.go
+++ b/internal/provider/expressvpn/updater/hardcoded.go
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
 )

-//nolint:lll
 func hardcodedServers() (servers []models.Server) {
 	return []models.Server{
 		{Country: "Albania", Hostname: "albania-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
@@ -12,69 +11,83 @@ func hardcodedServers() (servers []models.Server) {
 		{Country: "Andorra", Hostname: "andorra-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Argentina", Hostname: "argentina-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Armenia", Hostname: "armenia-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Australia", City: "Adelaide", Hostname: "australia-adelaide--ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Australia", City: "Brisbane", Hostname: "australia-brisbane-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Australia", City: "Melbourne", Hostname: "australia-melbourne-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Australia", City: "Perth", Hostname: "australia-perth-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Australia", City: "Sydney", Hostname: "australia-sydney-2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Australia", City: "Sydney", Hostname: "australia-sydney-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Australia", City: "Woolloomooloo", Hostname: "australia-woolloomooloo-2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Austria", Hostname: "austria-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Azerbaijan", Hostname: "azerbaijan-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Bahamas", Hostname: "bahamas-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Bangladesh", Hostname: "bangladesh-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Belarus", Hostname: "belarus-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Belgium", Hostname: "belgium-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Bermuda", Hostname: "bermuda-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Bhutan", Hostname: "bhutan-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Bosnia And Herzegovina", City: "Bosnia And Herzegovina", Hostname: "bosniaandherzegovina-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Bolivia", Hostname: "bolivia-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Bosnia and Herzegovina", Hostname: "bosniaandherzegovina-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Brazil", Hostname: "brazil-2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Brazil", Hostname: "brazil-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Brunei", Hostname: "brunei-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Bulgaria", Hostname: "bulgaria-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Cambodia", Hostname: "cambodia-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Canada", City: "Montreal", Hostname: "canada-montreal-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Canada", City: "Montreal", Hostname: "canada-montreal-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Canada", City: "Toronto", Hostname: "canada-toronto-2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Canada", City: "Toronto", Hostname: "canada-toronto-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Canada", City: "Vancouver", Hostname: "canada-vancouver-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Cayman Islands", Hostname: "caymanislands-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Chile", Hostname: "chile-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Colombia", Hostname: "colombia-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Costa Rica", City: "Costa Rica", Hostname: "costarica-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Costa Rica", Hostname: "costarica-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Croatia", Hostname: "croatia-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Cuba", Hostname: "cuba-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Cyprus", Hostname: "cyprus-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Czech Republic", City: "Czech Republic", Hostname: "czechrepublic-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Czech Republic", Hostname: "czechrepublic-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Denmark", Hostname: "denmark-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Dominican Republic", Hostname: "dominicanrepublic-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Ecuador", Hostname: "ecuador-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Egypt", Hostname: "egypt-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Estonia", Hostname: "estonia-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Finland", Hostname: "finland-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "France", City: "Alsace", Hostname: "france-alsace-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "France", City: "Marseille", Hostname: "france-marseille-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "France", City: "Paris", Hostname: "france-paris-1-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "France", City: "Paris", Hostname: "france-paris-2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "France", City: "Strasbourg", Hostname: "france-strasbourg-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Georgia", Hostname: "georgia-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Germany", City: "Frankfurt", Hostname: "germany-frankfurt-1-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Germany", City: "Frankfurt", Hostname: "germany-frankfurt-2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Germany", City: "Frankfurt", Hostname: "germany-darmstadt-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Germany", City: "Frankfurt", Hostname: "germany-frankfurt-1-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Germany", City: "Nuremberg", Hostname: "germany-nuremberg-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Ghana", Hostname: "ghana-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Greece", Hostname: "greece-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Guam", Hostname: "guam-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Guatemala", Hostname: "guatemala-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Hong Kong", City: "Hong Kong", Hostname: "hongkong-2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Hong Kong", City: "Hong Kong", Hostname: "hongkong4-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Honduras", Hostname: "honduras-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Hong Kong", Hostname: "hongkong-1-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Hong Kong", Hostname: "hongkong-2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Hungary", Hostname: "hungary-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Iceland", Hostname: "iceland-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "India", City: "Chennai", Hostname: "india-chennai-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "India", City: "Mumbai", Hostname: "india-mumbai-1-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "India (via Singapore)", Hostname: "india-sg-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "India (via UK)", Hostname: "india-uk-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Indonesia", Hostname: "indonesia-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Ireland", Hostname: "ireland-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Isle Of Man", City: "Isle Of Man", Hostname: "isleofman-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Isle of Man", Hostname: "isleofman-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Israel", Hostname: "israel-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Italy", City: "Cosenza", Hostname: "italy-cosenza-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Italy", City: "Milan", Hostname: "italy-milan-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Japan", City: "Kawasaki", Hostname: "japan-kawasaki-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Japan", City: "Tokyo", Hostname: "japan-tokyo-1-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Japan", City: "Tokyo", Hostname: "japan-tokyo-2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Italy", City: "Naples", Hostname: "italy-naples-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Jamaica", Hostname: "jamaica-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Japan", City: "Osaka", Hostname: "japan-osaka-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Japan", City: "Shibuya", Hostname: "japan-shibuya-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Japan", City: "Tokyo", Hostname: "japan-tokyo-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Japan", City: "Yokohama", Hostname: "japan-yokohama-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Jersey", Hostname: "jersey-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Kazakhstan", Hostname: "kazakhstan-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Kenya", Hostname: "kenya-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Kyrgyzstan", Hostname: "kyrgyzstan-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Laos", Hostname: "laos-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Latvia", Hostname: "latvia-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Lebanon", Hostname: "lebanon-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Liechtenstein", Hostname: "liechtenstein-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Lithuania", Hostname: "lithuania-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Luxembourg", Hostname: "luxembourg-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
@@ -86,21 +99,22 @@ func hardcodedServers() (servers []models.Server) {
 		{Country: "Monaco", Hostname: "monaco-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Mongolia", Hostname: "mongolia-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Montenegro", Hostname: "montenegro-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Morocco", Hostname: "morocco-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Myanmar", Hostname: "myanmar-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Nepal", Hostname: "nepal-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Netherlands", City: "Amsterdam", Hostname: "netherlands-amsterdam-2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Netherlands", City: "Amsterdam", Hostname: "netherlands-amsterdam-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Netherlands", City: "Rotterdam", Hostname: "netherlands-rotterdam-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Netherlands", City: "The Hague", Hostname: "netherlands-thehague-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "New Zealand", City: "New Zealand", Hostname: "newzealand-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "North Macedonia", City: "North Macedonia", Hostname: "macedonia-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "New Zealand", Hostname: "newzealand-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "North Macedonia", Hostname: "macedonia-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Norway", Hostname: "norway-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Pakistan", Hostname: "pakistan-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Panama", Hostname: "panama-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Peru", Hostname: "peru-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Philippines Via Singapore", City: "Philippines Via Singapore", Hostname: "ph-via-sing-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Philippines (via Singapore)", Hostname: "ph-via-sing-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Poland", Hostname: "poland-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Portugal", Hostname: "portugal-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Puerto Rico", Hostname: "puertorico-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Romania", Hostname: "romania-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Serbia", Hostname: "serbia-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Singapore", City: "CBD", Hostname: "singapore-cbd-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
@@ -108,43 +122,58 @@ func hardcodedServers() (servers []models.Server) {
 		{Country: "Singapore", City: "Marina Bay", Hostname: "singapore-marinabay-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Slovakia", Hostname: "slovakia-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Slovenia", Hostname: "slovenia-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "South Africa", City: "South Africa", Hostname: "southafrica-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "South Korea", City: "South Korea", Hostname: "southkorea2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "South Africa", Hostname: "southafrica-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "South Korea", Hostname: "southkorea2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Spain", City: "Barcelona", Hostname: "spain-barcelona-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Spain", City: "Barcelona", Hostname: "spain-barcelona2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Spain", City: "Madrid", Hostname: "spain-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Sri Lanka", City: "Sri Lanka", Hostname: "srilanka-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Sri Lanka", Hostname: "srilanka-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Sweden", Hostname: "sweden-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Sweden", Hostname: "sweden2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Switzerland", Hostname: "switzerland-2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Switzerland", Hostname: "switzerland-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Taiwan", Hostname: "taiwan-2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Taiwan", Hostname: "taiwan-3-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Thailand", Hostname: "thailand-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Trinidad and Tobago", Hostname: "trinidadandtobago-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Turkey", Hostname: "turkey-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "Ukraine", Hostname: "ukraine-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "UK", City: "Docklands", Hostname: "uk-berkshire-2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "UK", City: "London", Hostname: "uk-east-london-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "UK", City: "Docklands", Hostname: "uk-1-docklands-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "UK", City: "East London", Hostname: "uk-east-london-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "UK", City: "London", Hostname: "uk-london-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "UK", City: "Midlands", Hostname: "uk-midlands-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "UK", City: "Tottenham", Hostname: "uk-tottenham-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "UK", City: "Wembley", Hostname: "uk-wembley-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "Ukraine", Hostname: "ukraine-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Uruguay", Hostname: "uruguay-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "USA", City: "Albuquerque", Hostname: "usa-albuquerque-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "USA", City: "Atlanta", Hostname: "usa-atlanta-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "USA", City: "Boston", Hostname: "us-boston-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "USA", City: "Chicago", Hostname: "usa-chicago-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "USA", City: "Dallas", Hostname: "usa-dallas-2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "USA", City: "Dallas", Hostname: "usa-dallas-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "USA", City: "Denver", Hostname: "usa-denver-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "USA", City: "Los Angeles", Hostname: "usa-losangeles-1-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "USA", City: "Houston", Hostname: "usa-houston-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "USA", City: "Jackson", Hostname: "us-jackson-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "USA", City: "Lincoln Park", Hostname: "usa-lincolnpark-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "USA", City: "Little Rock", Hostname: "us-littlerock-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "USA", City: "Los Angeles", Hostname: "usa-losangeles-2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "USA", City: "Los Angeles", Hostname: "usa-losangeles-3-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "USA", City: "Los Angeles", Hostname: "usa-losangeles5-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "USA", City: "Los Angeles", Hostname: "usa-losangeles-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "USA", City: "Los Angeles", Hostname: "usa-losangeles5-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "USA", City: "Miami", Hostname: "usa-miami-2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "USA", City: "Miami", Hostname: "usa-miami-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "USA", City: "New Jersey", Hostname: "usa-newjersey-1-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "USA", City: "New Jersey", Hostname: "usa-newjersey2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "USA", City: "New Jersey", Hostname: "usa-newjersey-3-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
-		{Country: "USA", City: "New York", Hostname: "us-new-york-2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "USA", City: "New Jersey", Hostname: "usa-newjersey2-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "USA", City: "New Orleans", Hostname: "us-neworleans-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "USA", City: "New York", Hostname: "usa-newyork-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "USA", City: "Oklahoma City", Hostname: "us-oklahoma-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "USA", City: "Phoenix", Hostname: "usa-phoenix-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "USA", City: "Salt Lake City", Hostname: "usa-saltlakecity-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "USA", City: "San Francisco", Hostname: "usa-sanfrancisco-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "USA", City: "Santa Monica", Hostname: "usa-santa-monica-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "USA", City: "Seattle", Hostname: "usa-seattle-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "USA", City: "Tampa", Hostname: "usa-tampa-1-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "USA", City: "Washington DC", Hostname: "usa-washingtondc-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
+		{Country: "USA", City: "Wichita", Hostname: "us-wichita-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Uzbekistan", Hostname: "uzbekistan-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Venezuela", Hostname: "venezuela-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
 		{Country: "Vietnam", Hostname: "vietnam-ca-version-2.expressnetw.com"},
--- a/internal/provider/privateinternetaccess/portforward.go
+++ b/internal/provider/privateinternetaccess/portforward.go
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ func bindPort(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client, apiIPAddress netip.Addr,
 // replaceInErr is used to remove sensitive information from errors.
 func replaceInErr(err error, substitutions map[string]string) error {
 	s := replaceInString(err.Error(), substitutions)
-	return errors.New(s) //nolint:goerr113
+	return errors.New(s) //nolint:err113
 }

 // replaceInString is used to remove sensitive information.
--- a/internal/provider/protonvpn/provider.go
+++ b/internal/provider/protonvpn/provider.go
@@ -18,12 +18,11 @@ type Provider struct {

 func New(storage common.Storage, randSource rand.Source,
 	client *http.Client, updaterWarner common.Warner,
-	email, password string,
 ) *Provider {
 	return &Provider{
 		storage:    storage,
 		randSource: randSource,
-		Fetcher:    updater.New(client, updaterWarner, email, password),
+		Fetcher:    updater.New(client, updaterWarner),
 	}
 }

--- a/internal/provider/protonvpn/updater/api.go
+++ b/internal/provider/protonvpn/updater/api.go
@@ -1,562 +1,15 @@
 package updater

 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	crand "crypto/rand"
-	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"math/rand/v2"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/netip"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
-
-	srp "github.com/ProtonMail/go-srp"
 )

-// apiClient is a minimal Proton v4 API client which can handle all the
-// oddities of Proton's authentication flow they want to keep hidden
-// from the public.
-type apiClient struct {
-	apiURLBase string
-	httpClient *http.Client
-	appVersion string
-	userAgent  string
-	generator  *rand.ChaCha8
-}
-
-// newAPIClient returns an [apiClient] with sane defaults matching Proton's
-// insane expectations.
-func newAPIClient(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client) (client *apiClient, err error) {
-	var seed [32]byte
-	_, _ = crand.Read(seed[:])
-	generator := rand.NewChaCha8(seed)
-
-	// Pick a random user agent from this list. Because I'm not going to tell
-	// Proton shit on where all these funny requests are coming from, given their
-	// unhelpfulness in figuring out their authentication flow.
-	userAgents := [...]string{
-		"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:143.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/143.0",
-		"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:143.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/143.0",
-		"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:143.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/143.0",
-	}
-	userAgent := userAgents[generator.Uint64()%uint64(len(userAgents))]
-
-	appVersion, err := getMostRecentStableTag(ctx, httpClient)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getting most recent version for proton app: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return &apiClient{
-		apiURLBase: "https://account.proton.me/api",
-		httpClient: httpClient,
-		appVersion: appVersion,
-		userAgent:  userAgent,
-		generator:  generator,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-var ErrCodeNotSuccess = errors.New("response code is not success")
-
-// setHeaders sets the minimal necessary headers for Proton API requests
-// to succeed without being blocked by their "security" measures.
-// See for example [getMostRecentStableTag] on how the app version must
-// be set to a recent version or they block your request. "SeCuRiTy"...
-func (c *apiClient) setHeaders(request *http.Request, cookie cookie) {
-	request.Header.Set("Cookie", cookie.String())
-	request.Header.Set("User-Agent", c.userAgent)
-	request.Header.Set("x-pm-appversion", c.appVersion)
-	request.Header.Set("x-pm-locale", "en_US")
-	request.Header.Set("x-pm-uid", cookie.uid)
-}
-
-// authenticate performs the full Proton authentication flow
-// to obtain an authenticated cookie (uid, token and session ID).
-func (c *apiClient) authenticate(ctx context.Context, email, password string,
-) (authCookie cookie, err error) {
-	sessionID, err := c.getSessionID(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("getting session ID: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	tokenType, accessToken, refreshToken, uid, err := c.getUnauthSession(ctx, sessionID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("getting unauthenticated session data: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	cookieToken, err := c.cookieToken(ctx, sessionID, tokenType, accessToken, refreshToken, uid)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("getting cookie token: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	unauthCookie := cookie{
-		uid:       uid,
-		token:     cookieToken,
-		sessionID: sessionID,
-	}
-	username, modulusPGPClearSigned, serverEphemeralBase64, saltBase64,
-		srpSessionHex, version, err := c.authInfo(ctx, email, unauthCookie)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("getting auth information: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Prepare SRP proof generator using Proton's official SRP parameters and hashing.
-	srpAuth, err := srp.NewAuth(version, username, []byte(password),
-		saltBase64, modulusPGPClearSigned, serverEphemeralBase64)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("initializing SRP auth: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Generate SRP proofs (A, M1) with the usual 2048-bit modulus.
-	const modulusBits = 2048
-	proofs, err := srpAuth.GenerateProofs(modulusBits)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("generating SRP proofs: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	authCookie, err = c.auth(ctx, unauthCookie, email, srpSessionHex, proofs)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("authentifying: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return authCookie, nil
-}
-
-var ErrSessionIDNotFound = errors.New("session ID not found in cookies")
-
-func (c *apiClient) getSessionID(ctx context.Context) (sessionID string, err error) {
-	const url = "https://account.proton.me/vpn"
-	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("creating request: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	response, err := c.httpClient.Do(request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	err = response.Body.Close()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("closing response body: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, cookie := range response.Cookies() {
-		if cookie.Name == "Session-Id" {
-			return cookie.Value, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrSessionIDNotFound)
-}
-
-var ErrDataFieldMissing = errors.New("data field missing in response")
-
-func (c *apiClient) getUnauthSession(ctx context.Context, sessionID string) (
-	tokenType, accessToken, refreshToken, uid string, err error,
-) {
-	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, c.apiURLBase+"/auth/v4/sessions", nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("creating request: %w", err)
-	}
-	unauthCookie := cookie{
-		sessionID: sessionID,
-	}
-	c.setHeaders(request, unauthCookie)
-
-	response, err := c.httpClient.Do(request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", err
-	}
-	defer response.Body.Close()
-
-	responseBody, err := io.ReadAll(response.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("reading response body: %w", err)
-	} else if response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return "", "", "", "", buildError(response.StatusCode, responseBody)
-	}
-
-	var data struct {
-		Code         uint     `json:"Code"`         // 1000 on success
-		AccessToken  string   `json:"AccessToken"`  // 32-chars lowercase and digits
-		RefreshToken string   `json:"RefreshToken"` // 32-chars lowercase and digits
-		TokenType    string   `json:"TokenType"`    // "Bearer"
-		Scopes       []string `json:"Scopes"`       // should be [] for our usage
-		UID          string   `json:"UID"`          // 32-chars lowercase and digits
-		LocalID      uint     `json:"LocalID"`      // 0 in my case
-	}
-
-	err = json.Unmarshal(responseBody, &data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("decoding response body: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	const successCode = 1000
-	switch {
-	case data.Code != successCode:
-		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("%w: expected %d got %d",
-			ErrCodeNotSuccess, successCode, data.Code)
-	case data.AccessToken == "":
-		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("%w: access token is empty", ErrDataFieldMissing)
-	case data.RefreshToken == "":
-		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("%w: refresh token is empty", ErrDataFieldMissing)
-	case data.TokenType == "":
-		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("%w: token type is empty", ErrDataFieldMissing)
-	case data.UID == "":
-		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("%w: UID is empty", ErrDataFieldMissing)
-	}
-	// Ignore Scopes and LocalID fields, we don't use them.
-
-	return data.TokenType, data.AccessToken, data.RefreshToken, data.UID, nil
-}
-
-var ErrUIDMismatch = errors.New("UID in response does not match request UID")
-
-func (c *apiClient) cookieToken(ctx context.Context, sessionID, tokenType, accessToken,
-	refreshToken, uid string,
-) (cookieToken string, err error) {
-	type requestBodySchema struct {
-		GrantType    string `json:"GrantType"`    // "refresh_token"
-		Persistent   uint   `json:"Persistent"`   // 0
-		RedirectURI  string `json:"RedirectURI"`  // "https://protonmail.com"
-		RefreshToken string `json:"RefreshToken"` // 32-chars lowercase and digits
-		ResponseType string `json:"ResponseType"` // "token"
-		State        string `json:"State"`        // 24-chars letters and digits
-		UID          string `json:"UID"`          // 32-chars lowercase and digits
-	}
-	requestBody := requestBodySchema{
-		GrantType:    "refresh_token",
-		Persistent:   0,
-		RedirectURI:  "https://protonmail.com",
-		RefreshToken: refreshToken,
-		ResponseType: "token",
-		State:        generateLettersDigits(c.generator, 24), //nolint:mnd
-		UID:          uid,
-	}
-
-	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-	encoder := json.NewEncoder(buffer)
-	if err := encoder.Encode(requestBody); err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("encoding request body: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, c.apiURLBase+"/core/v4/auth/cookies", buffer)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("creating request: %w", err)
-	}
-	unauthCookie := cookie{
-		uid:       uid,
-		sessionID: sessionID,
-	}
-	c.setHeaders(request, unauthCookie)
-	request.Header.Set("Authorization", tokenType+" "+accessToken)
-
-	response, err := c.httpClient.Do(request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	defer response.Body.Close()
-
-	responseBody, err := io.ReadAll(response.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("reading response body: %w", err)
-	} else if response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return "", buildError(response.StatusCode, responseBody)
-	}
-
-	var cookies struct {
-		Code           uint   `json:"Code"`           // 1000 on success
-		UID            string `json:"UID"`            // should match request UID
-		LocalID        uint   `json:"LocalID"`        // 0
-		RefreshCounter uint   `json:"RefreshCounter"` // 1
-	}
-	err = json.Unmarshal(responseBody, &cookies)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("decoding response body: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	const successCode = 1000
-	switch {
-	case cookies.Code != successCode:
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: expected %d got %d",
-			ErrCodeNotSuccess, successCode, cookies.Code)
-	case cookies.UID != requestBody.UID:
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: expected %s got %s",
-			ErrUIDMismatch, requestBody.UID, cookies.UID)
-	}
-	// Ignore LocalID and RefreshCounter fields, we don't use them.
-
-	for _, cookie := range response.Cookies() {
-		if cookie.Name == "AUTH-"+uid {
-			return cookie.Value, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrAuthCookieNotFound)
-}
-
-var ErrUsernameDoesNotExist = errors.New("username does not exist")
-
-// authInfo fetches SRP parameters for the account.
-func (c *apiClient) authInfo(ctx context.Context, email string, unauthCookie cookie) (
-	username, modulusPGPClearSigned, serverEphemeralBase64, saltBase64, srpSessionHex string,
-	version int, err error,
-) {
-	type requestBodySchema struct {
-		Intent   string `json:"Intent"` // "Proton"
-		Username string `json:"Username"`
-	}
-	requestBody := requestBodySchema{
-		Intent:   "Proton",
-		Username: email,
-	}
-
-	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-	encoder := json.NewEncoder(buffer)
-	if err := encoder.Encode(requestBody); err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("encoding request body: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, c.apiURLBase+"/core/v4/auth/info", buffer)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("creating request: %w", err)
-	}
-	c.setHeaders(request, unauthCookie)
-
-	response, err := c.httpClient.Do(request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", "", 0, err
-	}
-	defer response.Body.Close()
-
-	responseBody, err := io.ReadAll(response.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("reading response body: %w", err)
-	} else if response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return "", "", "", "", "", 0, buildError(response.StatusCode, responseBody)
-	}
-
-	var info struct {
-		Code            uint   `json:"Code"`              // 1000 on success
-		Modulus         string `json:"Modulus"`           // PGP clearsigned modulus string
-		ServerEphemeral string `json:"ServerEphemeral"`   // base64
-		Version         *uint  `json:"Version,omitempty"` // 4 as of 2025-10-26
-		Salt            string `json:"Salt"`              // base64
-		SRPSession      string `json:"SRPSession"`        // hexadecimal
-		Username        string `json:"Username"`          // user without @domain.com. Mine has its first letter capitalized.
-	}
-	err = json.Unmarshal(responseBody, &info)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("decoding response body: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	const successCode = 1000
-	switch {
-	case info.Code != successCode:
-		return "", "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: expected %d got %d",
-			ErrCodeNotSuccess, successCode, info.Code)
-	case info.Modulus == "":
-		return "", "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: modulus is empty", ErrDataFieldMissing)
-	case info.ServerEphemeral == "":
-		return "", "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: server ephemeral is empty", ErrDataFieldMissing)
-	case info.Salt == "":
-		return "", "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("%w (salt data field is empty)", ErrUsernameDoesNotExist)
-	case info.SRPSession == "":
-		return "", "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: SRP session is empty", ErrDataFieldMissing)
-	case info.Username == "":
-		return "", "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: username is empty", ErrDataFieldMissing)
-	case info.Version == nil:
-		return "", "", "", "", "", 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: version is missing", ErrDataFieldMissing)
-	}
-
-	version = int(*info.Version) //nolint:gosec
-	return info.Username, info.Modulus, info.ServerEphemeral, info.Salt,
-		info.SRPSession, version, nil
-}
-
-type cookie struct {
-	uid       string
-	token     string
-	sessionID string
-}
-
-func (c *cookie) String() string {
-	s := ""
-	if c.token != "" {
-		s += fmt.Sprintf("AUTH-%s=%s; ", c.uid, c.token)
-	}
-	if c.sessionID != "" {
-		s += fmt.Sprintf("Session-Id=%s; ", c.sessionID)
-	}
-	if c.token != "" {
-		s += "Tag=default; iaas=W10; Domain=proton.me; Feature=VPNDashboard:A"
-	}
-	return s
-}
-
-var (
-	// ErrServerProofNotValid indicates the M2 from the server didn't match the expected proof.
-	ErrServerProofNotValid = errors.New("server proof from server is not valid")
-	ErrVPNScopeNotFound    = errors.New("VPN scope not found in scopes")
-	ErrTwoFANotSupported   = errors.New("two factor authentication not supported in this client")
-	ErrAuthCookieNotFound  = errors.New("auth cookie not found")
-)
-
-// auth performs the SRP proof submission (and optionally TOTP) to obtain tokens.
-func (c *apiClient) auth(ctx context.Context, unauthCookie cookie,
-	username, srpSession string, proofs *srp.Proofs,
-) (authCookie cookie, err error) {
-	clientEphemeral := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(proofs.ClientEphemeral)
-	clientProof := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(proofs.ClientProof)
-
-	type requestBodySchema struct {
-		ClientEphemeral string            `json:"ClientEphemeral"`   // base64(A)
-		ClientProof     string            `json:"ClientProof"`       // base64(M1)
-		Payload         map[string]string `json:"Payload,omitempty"` // not sure
-		SRPSession      string            `json:"SRPSession"`        // hexadecimal
-		Username        string            `json:"Username"`          // user@protonmail.com
-	}
-	requestBody := requestBodySchema{
-		ClientEphemeral: clientEphemeral,
-		ClientProof:     clientProof,
-		SRPSession:      srpSession,
-		Username:        username,
-	}
-
-	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(nil)
-	encoder := json.NewEncoder(buffer)
-	if err := encoder.Encode(requestBody); err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("encoding request body: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, c.apiURLBase+"/core/v4/auth", buffer)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("creating request: %w", err)
-	}
-	c.setHeaders(request, unauthCookie)
-
-	response, err := c.httpClient.Do(request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, err
-	}
-	defer response.Body.Close()
-
-	responseBody, err := io.ReadAll(response.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("reading response body: %w", err)
-	} else if response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return cookie{}, buildError(response.StatusCode, responseBody)
-	}
-
-	type twoFAStatus uint
-	//nolint:unused
-	const (
-		twoFADisabled twoFAStatus = iota
-		twoFAHasTOTP
-		twoFAHasFIDO2
-		twoFAHasFIDO2AndTOTP
-	)
-	type twoFAInfo struct {
-		Enabled twoFAStatus `json:"Enabled"`
-		FIDO2   struct {
-			AuthenticationOptions any   `json:"AuthenticationOptions"`
-			RegisteredKeys        []any `json:"RegisteredKeys"`
-		} `json:"FIDO2"`
-		TOTP uint `json:"TOTP"`
-	}
-
-	var auth struct {
-		Code              uint      `json:"Code"`         // 1000 on success
-		LocalID           uint      `json:"LocalID"`      // 7 in my case
-		Scopes            []string  `json:"Scopes"`       // this should contain "vpn". Same as `Scope` field value.
-		UID               string    `json:"UID"`          // same as `Uid` field value
-		UserID            string    `json:"UserID"`       // base64
-		EventID           string    `json:"EventID"`      // base64
-		PasswordMode      uint      `json:"PasswordMode"` // 1 in my case
-		ServerProof       string    `json:"ServerProof"`  // base64(M2)
-		TwoFactor         uint      `json:"TwoFactor"`    // 0 if 2FA not required
-		TwoFA             twoFAInfo `json:"2FA"`
-		TemporaryPassword uint      `json:"TemporaryPassword"` // 0 in my case
-	}
-
-	err = json.Unmarshal(responseBody, &auth)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("decoding response body: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	m2, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(auth.ServerProof)
-	if err != nil {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("decoding server proof: %w", err)
-	}
-	if !bytes.Equal(m2, proofs.ExpectedServerProof) {
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: expected %x got %x",
-			ErrServerProofNotValid, proofs.ExpectedServerProof, m2)
-	}
-
-	const successCode = 1000
-	switch {
-	case auth.Code != successCode:
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: expected %d got %d",
-			ErrCodeNotSuccess, successCode, auth.Code)
-	case auth.UID != unauthCookie.uid:
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: expected %s got %s",
-			ErrUIDMismatch, unauthCookie.uid, auth.UID)
-	case auth.TwoFactor != 0:
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("%w", ErrTwoFANotSupported)
-	case !slices.Contains(auth.Scopes, "vpn"):
-		return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: in %v", ErrVPNScopeNotFound, auth.Scopes)
-	}
-
-	for _, setCookieHeader := range response.Header.Values("Set-Cookie") {
-		parts := strings.Split(setCookieHeader, ";")
-		for _, part := range parts {
-			if strings.HasPrefix(part, "AUTH-"+unauthCookie.uid+"=") {
-				authCookie = unauthCookie
-				authCookie.token = strings.TrimPrefix(part, "AUTH-"+unauthCookie.uid+"=")
-				return authCookie, nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return cookie{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: in HTTP headers %s",
-		ErrAuthCookieNotFound, httpHeadersToString(response.Header))
-}
-
-// generateLettersDigits mimicing Proton's own random string generator:
-// https://github.com/ProtonMail/WebClients/blob/e4d7e4ab9babe15b79a131960185f9f8275512cd/packages/utils/generateLettersDigits.ts
-func generateLettersDigits(rng *rand.ChaCha8, length uint) string {
-	const charset = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"
-	return generateFromCharset(rng, length, charset)
-}
-
-func generateFromCharset(rng *rand.ChaCha8, length uint, charset string) string {
-	result := make([]byte, length)
-	randomBytes := make([]byte, length)
-	_, _ = rng.Read(randomBytes)
-	for i := range length {
-		result[i] = charset[int(randomBytes[i])%len(charset)]
-	}
-	return string(result)
-}
-
-func httpHeadersToString(headers http.Header) string {
-	var builder strings.Builder
-	first := true
-	for key, values := range headers {
-		for _, value := range values {
-			if !first {
-				builder.WriteString(", ")
-			}
-			builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", key, value))
-			first = false
-		}
-	}
-	return builder.String()
-}
+var ErrHTTPStatusCodeNotOK = errors.New("HTTP status code not OK")

 type apiData struct {
 	LogicalServers []logicalServer `json:"LogicalServers"`
@@ -580,25 +33,25 @@ type physicalServer struct {
 	X25519PublicKey string     `json:"X25519PublicKey"`
 }

-func (c *apiClient) fetchServers(ctx context.Context, cookie cookie) (
+func fetchAPI(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client) (
 	data apiData, err error,
 ) {
-	const url = "https://account.proton.me/api/vpn/logicals"
+	const url = "https://api.protonmail.ch/vpn/logicals"
+
 	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return data, err
 	}
-	c.setHeaders(request, cookie)

-	response, err := c.httpClient.Do(request)
+	response, err := client.Do(request)
 	if err != nil {
 		return data, err
 	}
 	defer response.Body.Close()

 	if response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		b, _ := io.ReadAll(response.Body)
-		return data, buildError(response.StatusCode, b)
+		return data, fmt.Errorf("%w: %d %s", ErrHTTPStatusCodeNotOK,
+			response.StatusCode, response.Status)
 	}

 	decoder := json.NewDecoder(response.Body)
@@ -606,31 +59,9 @@ func (c *apiClient) fetchServers(ctx context.Context, cookie cookie) (
 		return data, fmt.Errorf("decoding response body: %w", err)
 	}

+	if err := response.Body.Close(); err != nil {
+		return data, err
+	}
+
 	return data, nil
 }
-
-var ErrHTTPStatusCodeNotOK = errors.New("HTTP status code not OK")
-
-func buildError(httpCode int, body []byte) error {
-	prettyCode := http.StatusText(httpCode)
-	var protonError struct {
-		Code    *int              `json:"Code,omitempty"`
-		Error   *string           `json:"Error,omitempty"`
-		Details map[string]string `json:"Details"`
-	}
-	decoder := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(body))
-	decoder.DisallowUnknownFields()
-	err := decoder.Decode(&protonError)
-	if err != nil || protonError.Error == nil || protonError.Code == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s: %s",
-			ErrHTTPStatusCodeNotOK, prettyCode, body)
-	}
-
-	details := make([]string, 0, len(protonError.Details))
-	for key, value := range protonError.Details {
-		details = append(details, fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", key, value))
-	}
-
-	return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s: %s (code %d with details: %s)",
-		ErrHTTPStatusCodeNotOK, prettyCode, *protonError.Error, *protonError.Code, strings.Join(details, ", "))
-}
--- a/internal/provider/protonvpn/updater/servers.go
+++ b/internal/provider/protonvpn/updater/servers.go
@@ -13,26 +13,9 @@ import (
 func (u *Updater) FetchServers(ctx context.Context, minServers int) (
 	servers []models.Server, err error,
 ) {
-	switch {
-	case u.email == "":
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: email is empty", common.ErrCredentialsMissing)
-	case u.password == "":
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: password is empty", common.ErrCredentialsMissing)
-	}
-
-	apiClient, err := newAPIClient(ctx, u.client)
+	data, err := fetchAPI(ctx, u.client)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating API client: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	cookie, err := apiClient.authenticate(ctx, u.email, u.password)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("authentifying with Proton: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	data, err := apiClient.fetchServers(ctx, cookie)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("fetching logical servers: %w", err)
+		return nil, err
 	}

 	countryCodes := constants.CountryCodes()
--- a/internal/provider/protonvpn/updater/updater.go
+++ b/internal/provider/protonvpn/updater/updater.go
@@ -8,16 +8,12 @@ import (

 type Updater struct {
 	client *http.Client
-	email    string
-	password string
 	warner common.Warner
 }

-func New(client *http.Client, warner common.Warner, email, password string) *Updater {
+func New(client *http.Client, warner common.Warner) *Updater {
 	return &Updater{
 		client: client,
-		email:    email,
-		password: password,
 		warner: warner,
 	}
 }
--- a/internal/provider/protonvpn/updater/version.go
+++ b/internal/provider/protonvpn/updater/version.go
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-package updater
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net/http"
-	"regexp"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-// getMostRecentStableTag finds the most recent proton-account stable tag version,
-// in order to use it in the x-pm-appversion http request header. Because if we do
-// fall behind on versioning, Proton doesn't like it because they like to create
-// complications where there is no need for it. Hence this function.
-func getMostRecentStableTag(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client) (version string, err error) {
-	page := 1
-	regexVersion := regexp.MustCompile(`^proton-account@(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)$`)
-	for ctx.Err() == nil {
-		url := "https://api.github.com/repos/ProtonMail/WebClients/tags?per_page=30&page=" + fmt.Sprint(page)
-
-		request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("creating request: %w", err)
-		}
-		request.Header.Set("Accept", "application/vnd.github.v3+json")
-
-		response, err := client.Do(request)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", err
-		}
-		defer response.Body.Close()
-
-		data, err := io.ReadAll(response.Body)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("reading response body: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: %s: %s", ErrHTTPStatusCodeNotOK, response.Status, data)
-		}
-
-		var tags []struct {
-			Name string `json:"name"`
-		}
-		err = json.Unmarshal(data, &tags)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("decoding JSON response: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		for _, tag := range tags {
-			if !regexVersion.MatchString(tag.Name) {
-				continue
-			}
-			version := "web-account@" + strings.TrimPrefix(tag.Name, "proton-account@")
-			return version, nil
-		}
-
-		page++
-	}
-
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("%w (queried %d pages)", context.Canceled, page)
-}
--- a/internal/provider/providers.go
+++ b/internal/provider/providers.go
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ type Extractor interface {
 func NewProviders(storage Storage, timeNow func() time.Time,
 	updaterWarner common.Warner, client *http.Client, unzipper common.Unzipper,
 	parallelResolver common.ParallelResolver, ipFetcher common.IPFetcher,
-	extractor custom.Extractor, credentials settings.Updater,
+	extractor custom.Extractor,
 ) *Providers {
 	randSource := rand.NewSource(timeNow().UnixNano())

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func NewProviders(storage Storage, timeNow func() time.Time,
 	providerNameToProvider := map[string]Provider{
 		providers.Airvpn:                airvpn.New(storage, randSource, client),
 		providers.Custom:                custom.New(extractor),
-		providers.Cyberghost:            cyberghost.New(storage, randSource, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
+		providers.Cyberghost:            cyberghost.New(storage, randSource, parallelResolver),
 		providers.Expressvpn:            expressvpn.New(storage, randSource, unzipper, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
 		providers.Fastestvpn:            fastestvpn.New(storage, randSource, client, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
 		providers.Giganews:              giganews.New(storage, randSource, unzipper, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func NewProviders(storage Storage, timeNow func() time.Time,
 		providers.Privado:               privado.New(storage, randSource, ipFetcher, unzipper, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
 		providers.PrivateInternetAccess: privateinternetaccess.New(storage, randSource, timeNow, client),
 		providers.Privatevpn:            privatevpn.New(storage, randSource, unzipper, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
-		providers.Protonvpn:             protonvpn.New(storage, randSource, client, updaterWarner, *credentials.ProtonEmail, *credentials.ProtonPassword),
+		providers.Protonvpn:             protonvpn.New(storage, randSource, client, updaterWarner),
 		providers.Purevpn:               purevpn.New(storage, randSource, ipFetcher, unzipper, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
 		providers.SlickVPN:              slickvpn.New(storage, randSource, client, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
 		providers.Surfshark:             surfshark.New(storage, randSource, client, unzipper, updaterWarner, parallelResolver),
--- a/internal/publicip/api/multi.go
+++ b/internal/publicip/api/multi.go
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func FetchMultiInfo(ctx context.Context, fetcher InfoFetcher, ips []netip.Addr)
 	}

 	results = make([]models.PublicIP, len(ips))
-	for range len(ips) {
+	for range ips {
 		aResult := <-resultsCh
 		if aResult.err != nil {
 			if err == nil {
--- a/internal/server/dns.go
+++ b/internal/server/dns.go
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ type dnsHandler struct {
 func (h *dnsHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	r.RequestURI = strings.TrimPrefix(r.RequestURI, "/dns")
 	switch r.RequestURI {
-	case "/status": //nolint:goconst
+	case "/status":
 		switch r.Method {
 		case http.MethodGet:
 			h.getStatus(w)
--- a/internal/server/middlewares/log/middleware.go
+++ b/internal/server/middlewares/log/middleware.go
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func (m *logMiddleware) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	m.childHandler.ServeHTTP(statefulWriter, r)
 	duration := m.timeNow().Sub(tStart)
 	m.logger.Info(strconv.Itoa(statefulWriter.statusCode) + " " +
-		r.Method + " " + r.URL.String() +
+		r.Method + " " + r.RequestURI +
 		" wrote " + strconv.Itoa(statefulWriter.length) + "B to " +
 		r.RemoteAddr + " in " + duration.String())
 }
--- a/internal/storage/mocks_generate_test.go
+++ b/internal/storage/mocks_generate_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 package storage

-//go:generate mockgen -destination=mocks_test.go -package $GOPACKAGE . Logger
+//go:generate mockgen -destination=mocks_test.go -package $GOPACKAGE . Infoer
--- a/internal/storage/mocks_test.go
+++ b/internal/storage/mocks_test.go
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
-// Source: github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/storage (interfaces: Logger)
+// Source: github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/storage (interfaces: Infoer)

 // Package storage is a generated GoMock package.
 package storage
@@ -10,49 +10,37 @@ import (
 	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 )

-// MockLogger is a mock of Logger interface.
-type MockLogger struct {
+// MockInfoer is a mock of Infoer interface.
+type MockInfoer struct {
 	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
-	recorder *MockLoggerMockRecorder
+	recorder *MockInfoerMockRecorder
 }

-// MockLoggerMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockLogger.
-type MockLoggerMockRecorder struct {
-	mock *MockLogger
+// MockInfoerMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockInfoer.
+type MockInfoerMockRecorder struct {
+	mock *MockInfoer
 }

-// NewMockLogger creates a new mock instance.
-func NewMockLogger(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockLogger {
-	mock := &MockLogger{ctrl: ctrl}
-	mock.recorder = &MockLoggerMockRecorder{mock}
+// NewMockInfoer creates a new mock instance.
+func NewMockInfoer(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockInfoer {
+	mock := &MockInfoer{ctrl: ctrl}
+	mock.recorder = &MockInfoerMockRecorder{mock}
 	return mock
 }

 // EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use.
-func (m *MockLogger) EXPECT() *MockLoggerMockRecorder {
+func (m *MockInfoer) EXPECT() *MockInfoerMockRecorder {
 	return m.recorder
 }

 // Info mocks base method.
-func (m *MockLogger) Info(arg0 string) {
+func (m *MockInfoer) Info(arg0 string) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	m.ctrl.Call(m, "Info", arg0)
 }

 // Info indicates an expected call of Info.
-func (mr *MockLoggerMockRecorder) Info(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockInfoerMockRecorder) Info(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Info", reflect.TypeOf((*MockLogger)(nil).Info), arg0)
-}
-
-// Warn mocks base method.
-func (m *MockLogger) Warn(arg0 string) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	m.ctrl.Call(m, "Warn", arg0)
-}
-
-// Warn indicates an expected call of Warn.
-func (mr *MockLoggerMockRecorder) Warn(arg0 interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Warn", reflect.TypeOf((*MockLogger)(nil).Warn), arg0)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Info", reflect.TypeOf((*MockInfoer)(nil).Info), arg0)
 }
--- a/internal/storage/read_test.go
+++ b/internal/storage/read_test.go
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func Test_extractServersFromBytes(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Parallel()
 			ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)

-			logger := NewMockLogger(ctrl)
+			logger := NewMockInfoer(ctrl)
 			var previousLogCall *gomock.Call
 			for _, logged := range testCase.logged {
 				call := logger.EXPECT().Info(logged)
--- a/internal/storage/servers.json
+++ b/internal/storage/servers.json
--- a/internal/storage/storage.go
+++ b/internal/storage/storage.go
@@ -13,20 +13,18 @@ type Storage struct {
 	// the embedded JSON file on every call to the
 	// SyncServers method.
 	hardcodedServers models.AllServers
-	logger           Logger
+	logger           Infoer
 	filepath         string
 }

-type Logger interface {
+type Infoer interface {
 	Info(s string)
-	Warn(s string)
 }

 // New creates a new storage and reads the servers from the
 // embedded servers file and the file on disk.
-// Passing an empty filepath disables the reading and writing of
-// servers.
-func New(logger Logger, filepath string) (storage *Storage, err error) {
+// Passing an empty filepath disables writing servers to a file.
+func New(logger Infoer, filepath string) (storage *Storage, err error) {
 	// A unit test prevents any error from being returned
 	// and ensures all providers are part of the servers returned.
 	hardcodedServers, _ := parseHardcodedServers()
--- a/internal/storage/sync.go
+++ b/internal/storage/sync.go
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func (s *Storage) syncServers() (err error) {

 	err = s.flushToFile(s.filepath)
 	if err != nil {
-		s.logger.Warn("failed writing servers to file: " + err.Error())
+		return fmt.Errorf("writing servers to file: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
--- a/internal/updater/providers.go
+++ b/internal/updater/providers.go
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func (u *Updater) updateProvider(ctx context.Context, provider Provider,
 			u.logger.Warn("note: if running the update manually, you can use the flag " +
 				"-minratio to allow the update to succeed with less servers found")
 		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("getting %s servers: %w", providerName, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("getting servers: %w", err)
 	}

 	for _, server := range servers {
--- a/internal/updater/updater.go
+++ b/internal/updater/updater.go
@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ package updater

 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider/common"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater/unzip"
 	"golang.org/x/text/cases"
 	"golang.org/x/text/language"
@@ -50,23 +48,23 @@ func (u *Updater) UpdateServers(ctx context.Context, providers []string,
 		// TODO support servers offering only TCP or only UDP
 		// for NordVPN and PureVPN
 		err := u.updateProvider(ctx, fetcher, minRatio)
-		switch {
-		case err == nil:
+		if err == nil {
 			continue
-		case errors.Is(err, common.ErrCredentialsMissing):
-			u.logger.Warn(err.Error() + " - skipping update for " + providerName)
-			continue
-		case len(providers) == 1:
+		}
+
 		// return the only error for the single provider.
+		if len(providers) == 1 {
 			return err
-		case ctx.Err() != nil:
-			// stop updating other providers if context is done
-			return ctx.Err()
-		default: // error encountered updating one of multiple providers
+		}
+
+		// stop updating the next providers if context is canceled.
+		if ctxErr := ctx.Err(); ctxErr != nil {
+			return ctxErr
+		}
+
 		// Log the error and continue updating the next provider.
 		u.logger.Error(err.Error())
 	}
-	}

 	return nil
 }
--- a/internal/vpn/interfaces.go
+++ b/internal/vpn/interfaces.go
@@ -99,3 +99,13 @@ type CmdStarter interface {
 		stdoutLines, stderrLines <-chan string,
 		waitError <-chan error, startErr error)
 }
+
+type HealthChecker interface {
+	SetConfig(tlsDialAddr string, icmpTarget netip.Addr)
+	Start(ctx context.Context) (runError <-chan error, err error)
+	Stop() error
+}
+
+type HealthServer interface {
+	SetError(err error)
+}
--- a/internal/vpn/loop.go
+++ b/internal/vpn/loop.go
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ type Loop struct {
 	state          *state.State
 	providers      Providers
 	storage        Storage
+	healthSettings settings.Health
+	healthChecker  HealthChecker
+	healthServer   HealthServer
 	// Fixed parameters
 	buildInfo     models.BuildInformation
 	versionInfo   bool
@@ -49,7 +52,8 @@ const (
 )

 func NewLoop(vpnSettings settings.VPN, ipv6Supported bool, vpnInputPorts []uint16,
-	providers Providers, storage Storage, openvpnConf OpenVPN,
+	providers Providers, storage Storage, healthSettings settings.Health,
+	healthChecker HealthChecker, healthServer HealthServer, openvpnConf OpenVPN,
 	netLinker NetLinker, fw Firewall, routing Routing,
 	portForward PortForward, starter CmdStarter,
 	publicip PublicIPLoop, dnsLooper DNSLoop,
@@ -69,6 +73,9 @@ func NewLoop(vpnSettings settings.VPN, ipv6Supported bool, vpnInputPorts []uint1
 		state:          state,
 		providers:      providers,
 		storage:        storage,
+		healthSettings: healthSettings,
+		healthChecker:  healthChecker,
+		healthServer:   healthServer,
 		buildInfo:      buildInfo,
 		versionInfo:    versionInfo,
 		ipv6Supported:  ipv6Supported,
--- a/internal/vpn/openvpn.go
+++ b/internal/vpn/openvpn.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"

 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/openvpn"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider"
 )
@@ -14,39 +15,38 @@ import (
 func setupOpenVPN(ctx context.Context, fw Firewall,
 	openvpnConf OpenVPN, providerConf provider.Provider,
 	settings settings.VPN, ipv6Supported bool, starter CmdStarter,
-	logger openvpn.Logger) (runner *openvpn.Runner, serverName string,
-	canPortForward bool, err error,
+	logger openvpn.Logger) (runner *openvpn.Runner, connection models.Connection, err error,
 ) {
-	connection, err := providerConf.GetConnection(settings.Provider.ServerSelection, ipv6Supported)
+	connection, err = providerConf.GetConnection(settings.Provider.ServerSelection, ipv6Supported)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", false, fmt.Errorf("finding a valid server connection: %w", err)
+		return nil, models.Connection{}, fmt.Errorf("finding a valid server connection: %w", err)
 	}

 	lines := providerConf.OpenVPNConfig(connection, settings.OpenVPN, ipv6Supported)

 	if err := openvpnConf.WriteConfig(lines); err != nil {
-		return nil, "", false, fmt.Errorf("writing configuration to file: %w", err)
+		return nil, models.Connection{}, fmt.Errorf("writing configuration to file: %w", err)
 	}

 	if *settings.OpenVPN.User != "" {
 		err := openvpnConf.WriteAuthFile(*settings.OpenVPN.User, *settings.OpenVPN.Password)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, "", false, fmt.Errorf("writing auth to file: %w", err)
+			return nil, models.Connection{}, fmt.Errorf("writing auth to file: %w", err)
 		}
 	}

 	if *settings.OpenVPN.KeyPassphrase != "" {
 		err := openvpnConf.WriteAskPassFile(*settings.OpenVPN.KeyPassphrase)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, "", false, fmt.Errorf("writing askpass file: %w", err)
+			return nil, models.Connection{}, fmt.Errorf("writing askpass file: %w", err)
 		}
 	}

 	if err := fw.SetVPNConnection(ctx, connection, settings.OpenVPN.Interface); err != nil {
-		return nil, "", false, fmt.Errorf("allowing VPN connection through firewall: %w", err)
+		return nil, models.Connection{}, fmt.Errorf("allowing VPN connection through firewall: %w", err)
 	}

 	runner = openvpn.NewRunner(settings.OpenVPN, starter, logger)

-	return runner, connection.ServerName, connection.PortForward, nil
+	return runner, connection, nil
 }
--- a/internal/vpn/run.go
+++ b/internal/vpn/run.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/vpn"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
 	"github.com/qdm12/log"
 )

@@ -28,17 +29,17 @@ func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 		var vpnRunner interface {
 			Run(ctx context.Context, waitError chan<- error, tunnelReady chan<- struct{})
 		}
-		var serverName, vpnInterface string
-		var canPortForward bool
+		var vpnInterface string
+		var connection models.Connection
 		var err error
 		subLogger := l.logger.New(log.SetComponent(settings.Type))
 		if settings.Type == vpn.OpenVPN {
 			vpnInterface = settings.OpenVPN.Interface
-			vpnRunner, serverName, canPortForward, err = setupOpenVPN(ctx, l.fw,
+			vpnRunner, connection, err = setupOpenVPN(ctx, l.fw,
 				l.openvpnConf, providerConf, settings, l.ipv6Supported, l.starter, subLogger)
 		} else { // Wireguard
 			vpnInterface = settings.Wireguard.Interface
-			vpnRunner, serverName, canPortForward, err = setupWireguard(ctx, l.netLinker, l.fw,
+			vpnRunner, connection, err = setupWireguard(ctx, l.netLinker, l.fw,
 				providerConf, settings, l.ipv6Supported, subLogger)
 		}
 		if err != nil {
@@ -46,8 +47,9 @@ func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 			continue
 		}
 		tunnelUpData := tunnelUpData{
-			serverName:     serverName,
-			canPortForward: canPortForward,
+			serverIP:       connection.IP,
+			serverName:     connection.ServerName,
+			canPortForward: connection.PortForward,
 			portForwarder:  portForwarder,
 			vpnIntf:        vpnInterface,
 			username:       settings.Provider.PortForwarding.Username,
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ func (l *Loop) Run(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}) {
 		for stayHere {
 			select {
 			case <-tunnelReady:
-				go l.onTunnelUp(openvpnCtx, tunnelUpData)
+				go l.onTunnelUp(openvpnCtx, ctx, tunnelUpData)
 			case <-ctx.Done():
 				l.cleanup()
 				openvpnCancel()
--- a/internal/vpn/tunnelup.go
+++ b/internal/vpn/tunnelup.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package vpn

 import (
 	"context"
+	"net/netip"

 	"github.com/qdm12/dns/v2/pkg/check"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
@@ -9,6 +10,8 @@ import (
 )

 type tunnelUpData struct {
+	// Healthcheck
+	serverIP netip.Addr
 	// Port forwarding
 	vpnIntf        string
 	serverName     string // used for PIA
@@ -18,7 +21,7 @@ type tunnelUpData struct {
 	portForwarder  PortForwarder
 }

-func (l *Loop) onTunnelUp(ctx context.Context, data tunnelUpData) {
+func (l *Loop) onTunnelUp(ctx, loopCtx context.Context, data tunnelUpData) {
 	l.client.CloseIdleConnections()

 	for _, vpnPort := range l.vpnInputPorts {
@@ -28,6 +31,21 @@ func (l *Loop) onTunnelUp(ctx context.Context, data tunnelUpData) {
 		}
 	}

+	icmpTarget := l.healthSettings.ICMPTargetIP
+	if icmpTarget.IsUnspecified() {
+		icmpTarget = data.serverIP
+	}
+	l.healthChecker.SetConfig(l.healthSettings.TargetAddress, icmpTarget)
+
+	healthErrCh, err := l.healthChecker.Start(ctx)
+	l.healthServer.SetError(err)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Note this restart call must be done in a separate goroutine
+		// from the VPN loop goroutine.
+		l.restartVPN(loopCtx, err)
+		return
+	}
+
 	if *l.dnsLooper.GetSettings().DoT.Enabled {
 		_, _ = l.dnsLooper.ApplyStatus(ctx, constants.Running)
 	} else {
@@ -37,7 +55,7 @@ func (l *Loop) onTunnelUp(ctx context.Context, data tunnelUpData) {
 		}
 	}

-	err := l.publicip.RunOnce(ctx)
+	err = l.publicip.RunOnce(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		l.logger.Error("getting public IP address information: " + err.Error())
 	}
@@ -56,4 +74,41 @@ func (l *Loop) onTunnelUp(ctx context.Context, data tunnelUpData) {
 	if err != nil {
 		l.logger.Error(err.Error())
 	}
+
+	l.collectHealthErrors(ctx, loopCtx, healthErrCh)
+}
+
+func (l *Loop) collectHealthErrors(ctx, loopCtx context.Context, healthErrCh <-chan error) {
+	var previousHealthErr error
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			_ = l.healthChecker.Stop()
+			return
+		case healthErr := <-healthErrCh:
+			l.healthServer.SetError(healthErr)
+			if healthErr != nil {
+				if *l.healthSettings.RestartVPN {
+					// Note this restart call must be done in a separate goroutine
+					// from the VPN loop goroutine.
+					_ = l.healthChecker.Stop()
+					l.restartVPN(loopCtx, healthErr)
+					return
+				}
+				l.logger.Warnf("healthcheck failed: %s", healthErr)
+				l.logger.Info("👉 See https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/faq/healthcheck.md")
+			} else if previousHealthErr != nil {
+				l.logger.Info("healthcheck passed successfully after previous failure(s)")
+			}
+			previousHealthErr = healthErr
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *Loop) restartVPN(ctx context.Context, healthErr error) {
+	l.logger.Warnf("restarting VPN because it failed to pass the healthcheck: %s", healthErr)
+	l.logger.Info("👉 See https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun-wiki/blob/main/faq/healthcheck.md")
+	l.logger.Info("DO NOT OPEN AN ISSUE UNLESS YOU HAVE READ AND TRIED EVERY POSSIBLE SOLUTION")
+	_, _ = l.ApplyStatus(ctx, constants.Stopped)
+	_, _ = l.ApplyStatus(ctx, constants.Running)
 }
--- a/internal/vpn/wireguard.go
+++ b/internal/vpn/wireguard.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"

 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider/utils"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/wireguard"
@@ -16,11 +17,11 @@ import (
 func setupWireguard(ctx context.Context, netlinker NetLinker,
 	fw Firewall, providerConf provider.Provider,
 	settings settings.VPN, ipv6Supported bool, logger wireguard.Logger) (
-	wireguarder *wireguard.Wireguard, serverName string, canPortForward bool, err error,
+	wireguarder *wireguard.Wireguard, connection models.Connection, err error,
 ) {
-	connection, err := providerConf.GetConnection(settings.Provider.ServerSelection, ipv6Supported)
+	connection, err = providerConf.GetConnection(settings.Provider.ServerSelection, ipv6Supported)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", false, fmt.Errorf("finding a VPN server: %w", err)
+		return nil, models.Connection{}, fmt.Errorf("finding a VPN server: %w", err)
 	}

 	wireguardSettings := utils.BuildWireguardSettings(connection, settings.Wireguard, ipv6Supported)
@@ -31,13 +32,13 @@ func setupWireguard(ctx context.Context, netlinker NetLinker,

 	wireguarder, err = wireguard.New(wireguardSettings, netlinker, logger)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", false, fmt.Errorf("creating Wireguard: %w", err)
+		return nil, models.Connection{}, fmt.Errorf("creating Wireguard: %w", err)
 	}

 	err = fw.SetVPNConnection(ctx, connection, settings.Wireguard.Interface)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", false, fmt.Errorf("setting firewall: %w", err)
+		return nil, models.Connection{}, fmt.Errorf("setting firewall: %w", err)
 	}

-	return wireguarder, connection.ServerName, connection.PortForward, nil
+	return wireguarder, connection, nil
 }
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
dependabot[bot]	f4dafaecac	Chore(deps): Bump peter-evans/dockerhub-description from 4 to 5 Bumps [peter-evans/dockerhub-description](https://github.com/peter-evans/dockerhub-description) from 4 to 5. - [Release notes](https://github.com/peter-evans/dockerhub-description/releases) - [Commits](https://github.com/peter-evans/dockerhub-description/compare/v4...v5) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: peter-evans/dockerhub-description dependency-version: '5' dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-major ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>	2025-10-31 20:04:12 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	b0b769d2c1	ci(markdown): fix config file path	2025-10-31 20:02:55 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	d3c7d3c7bc	docs(readme): update Alpine version and image size	2025-10-30 16:15:44 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	65f49ea012	fix(wireguard): specify IP family for new route (#2629 )	2025-10-30 17:14:45 +01:00
Quentin McGaw	5687555921	chore(container): bump Alpine from 3.20 to 3.22	2025-10-30 16:08:40 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	0fb75036a0	chore(build): bump Go from 1.24 to 1.25	2025-10-30 16:04:10 +00:00
dependabot[bot]	2b513dd43d	Chore(deps): Bump github.com/vishvananda/netlink from 1.2.1 to 1.3.1 (#2932 )	2025-10-30 17:02:32 +01:00
Quentin McGaw	687d9b4736	hotfix(tests): fix unit test for healthcheck	2025-10-30 16:01:25 +00:00
dependabot[bot]	c70c2ef932	Chore(deps): Bump golang.org/x/net from 0.34.0 to 0.46.0 (#2937 )	2025-10-30 17:00:30 +01:00
dependabot[bot]	af3ada109b	Chore(deps): Bump actions/setup-go from 5 to 6 (#2929 )	2025-10-30 17:00:15 +01:00
Quentin McGaw	9d40564734	chore(deps): bump breml/rootcerts from v0.2.20 to v0.3.2	2025-10-30 15:59:20 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	3734815ada	hotfix(health): debug log failed attempts and warn log all attempt errors if all failed - Reduce "worrying" noise of icmp attempt failing - Only log when an action (restart the VPN) is taken	2025-10-30 15:57:40 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	b9cc5c1fdc	fix(port-forward): clear port file instead of removing it - Prevent port forwarding loop crash when trying to delete a directly bind mounted file - See https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues/2942#issuecomment-3468510402	2025-10-30 15:45:01 +00:00
dependabot[bot]	c646ca5766	Chore(deps): Bump peter-evans/create-or-update-comment from 4 to 5 (#2931 )	2025-10-30 03:45:31 +01:00
dependabot[bot]	1394be5143	Chore(deps): Bump golang.org/x/sys from 0.29.0 to 0.37.0 (#2939 )	2025-10-30 03:45:16 +01:00
Quentin McGaw	93442526f8	chore(ci): run container and wait for it to connect (#2956 ) - Added safety to prevent panics/errors when skipping CI checks (shame on me, sometimes) - Opens new possibilities for end to end integration tests. PRs accepted!	2025-10-30 03:44:31 +01:00
dependabot[bot]	d85402050b	Chore(deps): Bump github.com/ulikunitz/xz from 0.5.11 to 0.5.15 (#2955 )	2025-10-30 01:57:18 +01:00
dependabot[bot]	b1c62cb525	Chore(deps): Bump golang.org/x/text from 0.21.0 to 0.30.0 (#2938 )	2025-10-30 01:56:53 +01:00
dependabot[bot]	fae64a297a	Chore(deps): Bump github/codeql-action from 3 to 4 (#2935 )	2025-10-30 01:56:41 +01:00
Quentin McGaw	6e2682a9ce	docs(readme): remove no longer valid LoC badge	2025-10-30 00:55:39 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	555049f09c	feat(privado): update servers data	2025-10-29 12:30:48 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	712f7c3d35	chore(build): bump Go from 1.23 to 1.24	2025-10-29 02:34:22 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	7a51c211cd	fix(publicip): respect PUBLICIP_ENABLED	2025-10-23 19:49:21 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	c48189c1c4	feat(health/icmp): log out return address on errors	2025-10-23 19:22:31 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	9803fa1cfd	hotfix(health): info log on healthcheck passing after failure	2025-10-23 18:58:19 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	cf756f561a	feat(health): info log when healthcheck passes after failure for the case of `HEALTH_VPN_RESTART=off`	2025-10-21 18:42:33 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	a4021fedc3	feat(health): `HEALTH_RESTART_VPN` option - You should really leave it to `on` ⚠️ - Turn it to `off` if you have trust issues with the healthcheck. Don't then report issues if the connection is dead though.	2025-10-21 15:36:15 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	31a36a9250	hotfix(health): increase timeout values and periods - run small check every 60s, from 15s - small check (icmp/dns) initial timeout from 3s to 10s - small check (icmp/dns) timeout increase from 1s to 10s - full check initial timeout increased from 10s to 20s - full check extra timeout increase from 3s to 10s	2025-10-19 23:27:02 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	36fe349b70	chore(ci): ignore .github/pull_request_template.md with markdown linter	2025-10-19 23:23:41 +00:00
shwoop	3ef1cfd97c	docs(github): add pull request template (#2918 )	2025-10-17 20:34:05 +02:00
Quentin McGaw	669feb45f1	hotfix(healthcheck): correct error string for DNS plain lookup fallback	2025-10-17 18:08:24 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	85890520ab	feat(healthcheck): combination of ICMP and TCP+TLS checks (#2923 ) - New option: `HEALTH_ICMP_TARGET_IP` defaults to `0.0.0.0` meaning use the VPN server public IP address. - Options removed: `HEALTH_VPN_INITIAL_DURATION` and `HEALTH_VPN_ADDITIONAL_DURATION` - times and retries are handpicked and hardcoded. - Less aggressive checks and less false positive detection	2025-10-17 01:45:50 +02:00
dependabot[bot]	340016521e	Chore(deps): Bump github.com/breml/rootcerts from 0.2.19 to 0.2.20 (#2683 )	2025-10-06 13:36:00 +02:00
Matthew Bennett	ef523df42c	feat(expressvpn): update hardcoded servers data (#2888 )	2025-10-06 13:33:36 +02:00
Quentin McGaw	5306e3bab1	feat(mullvad): update servers data	2025-10-03 15:25:12 +00:00
Vahin M	72a49afd2b	docs(healthcheck): fix grammar issue in log (#2773 )	2025-09-26 18:58:08 +02:00
Quentin McGaw	9b8edbb81e	hotfix(vpnunlimited): fix formatting of certificates	2025-09-24 12:55:45 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	a1554feb3f	chore(dev): add vscode git remote add task	2025-09-24 12:54:16 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	490410bf09	chore(dev): convert .vscode/launch.json to tasks.json	2025-09-24 12:54:16 +00:00
mutschler	8c113f5268	fix(vpnunlimited): update certificate values (#2835 )	2025-09-11 21:15:20 +02:00
shwoop	075cbd5a0f	chore(ci): bump github actions and use go.mod Go version (#2880 ) - actions/checkout from v4 to v5 - actions/setup-go uses go-version from go.mod file - DavidAnson/markdownlint-cli2-action from v19 to v20	2025-09-11 21:14:19 +02:00
Quentin McGaw	d82df2b431	hotfix(build): bump xcputranslate so it's available on ghcr.io - v0.7.0 is a broken build - v0.9.0 is the version available on ghcr.io	2025-08-16 20:34:07 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	a09f8214d9	hotfix(build): bump xcputranslate so it's available on ghcr.io	2025-08-16 20:29:40 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	396e9c003e	chore(ci): pull container images at build time from ghcr.io when possible - Reduce silly image pull rate limiting from docker hub registry - still rely on docker hub registry to pull golang and alpine images since these are not on ghcr.io	2025-08-16 20:12:21 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	b0c4a28be6	chore(lint): upgrade linter to v2.4.0 - migrate configuration file - fix existing code issues - add exclusion rules - update linter names	2025-08-16 20:10:19 +00:00
Quentin McGaw	85325e4a31	chore(dev): upgrade dev container to v0.21 See [release notes](https://github.com/qdm12/godevcontainer/releases/tag/v0.21.0) Notably: - Go upgraded from 1.23 to 1.25 - golangci-lint upgraded to v2.4.0 - Alpine upgraded from 3.20 to 3.22 - Disable package comment requirement by gopls' staticcheck - Pull container image from ghcr.io	2025-08-16 20:10:14 +00:00
dependabot[bot]	9933dd3ec5	Chore(deps): Bump DavidAnson/markdownlint-cli2-action from 18 to 19 (#2632 )	2025-01-22 09:27:10 +01:00
dependabot[bot]	13532c8b4b	Chore(deps): Bump golang.org/x/net from 0.31.0 to 0.34.0 (#2648 )	2025-01-22 09:26:57 +01:00
Leroy	3926797295	docs(readme): remove docker-compose example version field (#2663 )	2025-01-22 09:26:39 +01:00
K1	febd3f784f	docs(readme): "swiss-knife-like" -> "swiss-army-knife-like" (#2652 )	2025-01-22 09:25:46 +01:00
dependabot[bot]	61b053f0e1	Chore(deps): Bump golang.org/x/crypto from 0.29.0 to 0.31.0 (#2619 )	2024-12-27 21:15:31 +01:00
Quentin McGaw	8dae352ccc	fix(cli): fix `openvpnconfig` command panic due to missing `SetDefaults` call	2024-12-27 09:31:04 +00:00