chore!: drop Python 3.9 support due to EOL (#10244)

* feat!: drop Python 3.9 support due to EOL

Remove Python 3.9 support following its end-of-life in October 2025.
Minimum required version is now Python 3.10.

BREAKING CHANGE: Python 3.10 or later is now required

Changes:
- Update pyproject.toml requires-python to >=3.10
- Remove Python 3.9 from pyproject.toml classifiers
- Update CI workflows to test Python 3.10 as minimum
- Update mypy python_version to 3.10
- Migrate TypeAlias from typing_extensions to typing stdlib
- Remove blis version pin (only needed for Python 3.9)
- Update CONTRIBUTING.md Python version requirements
- Add release note documenting breaking change

Closes #9854

* small fixes

* update relnote

---------

Co-authored-by: anakin87 <stefanofiorucci@gmail.com>

.github/workflows/branch_off.yml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ on:
         description: 'URL of the bump version PR'
         value: ${{ jobs.branch-off.outputs.bump_version_pr_url }}
 env:
-  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.9"
+  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.10"
 
 jobs:
   branch-off:

.github/workflows/e2e.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ on:
       - ".github/workflows/e2e.yml"
 
 env:
-  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.9"
+  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.10"
   OPENAI_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.OPENAI_API_KEY }}
   HATCH_VERSION: "1.14.2"
   # we use HF_TOKEN instead of HF_API_TOKEN to work around a Hugging Face bug

.github/workflows/promote_unstable_docs.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ on:
       - "!v1.[0-9]+.[0-9]+"
 
 env:
-  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.9"
+  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.10"
 
 jobs:
   promote:

.github/workflows/slow.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ name: Slow Integration Tests
 env:
   GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
   HF_API_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.HUGGINGFACE_API_KEY }}
-  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.9"
+  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.10"
   HATCH_VERSION: "1.14.2"
   HAYSTACK_MPS_ENABLED: false
   HAYSTACK_XPU_ENABLED: false

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ env:
   AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT: ${{ secrets.AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT }}
   GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
   HF_API_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.HUGGINGFACE_API_KEY }}
-  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.9"
+  PYTHON_VERSION: "3.10"
   HATCH_VERSION: "1.14.2"
 
 jobs:

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -153,9 +153,7 @@ next contribution!
 
 ### Setting up your development environment
 
-*To run Haystack tests locally, ensure your development environment uses Python >=3.9 and <3.13.*
-Some optional dependencies are not yet compatible with Python 3.13
-(see [this PR](https://github.com/deepset-ai/haystack/pull/8965) for details).
+*To run Haystack tests locally, ensure your development environment uses Python >=3.10 and <3.14.*
 
 Haystack makes heavy use of [Hatch](https://hatch.pypa.io/latest/), a Python project manager that we use to set up the
 virtual environments, build the project, and publish packages. As you can imagine, the first step towards becoming a

haystack/components/converters/output_adapter.py

@@ -4,13 +4,12 @@
 
 import ast
 import contextlib
-from typing import Any, Callable, Optional
+from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, TypeAlias
 
 import jinja2.runtime
 from jinja2 import TemplateSyntaxError
 from jinja2.nativetypes import NativeEnvironment
 from jinja2.sandbox import SandboxedEnvironment
-from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
 
 from haystack import component, default_from_dict, default_to_dict, logging
 from haystack.utils import deserialize_callable, deserialize_type, serialize_callable, serialize_type

haystack/core/component/component.py

@@ -80,9 +80,7 @@ from contextvars import ContextVar
 from copy import deepcopy
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from types import new_class
-from typing import Any, Iterator, Mapping, Optional, Protocol, TypeVar, Union, overload, runtime_checkable
-
-from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
+from typing import Any, Iterator, Mapping, Optional, ParamSpec, Protocol, TypeVar, Union, overload, runtime_checkable
 
 from haystack import logging
 from haystack.core.errors import ComponentError

haystack/core/component/types.py

@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-from typing import Annotated, Any, Iterable, TypedDict, TypeVar, get_args
-
-from typing_extensions import TypeAlias  # Python 3.9 compatibility
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Iterable, TypeAlias, TypedDict, TypeVar, get_args
 
 HAYSTACK_VARIADIC_ANNOTATION = "__haystack__variadic_t"
 HAYSTACK_GREEDY_VARIADIC_ANNOTATION = "__haystack__greedy_variadic_t"

pyproject.toml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ dynamic = ["version"]
 description = "LLM framework to build customizable, production-ready LLM applications. Connect components (models, vector DBs, file converters) to pipelines or agents that can interact with your data."
 readme = "README.md"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 authors = [{ name = "deepset.ai", email = "malte.pietsch@deepset.ai" }]
 keywords = [
   "BERT",
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ classifiers = [
   "Operating System :: OS Independent",
   "Programming Language :: Python",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ dependencies = [
   "pyyaml",
   "more-itertools",         # TextDocumentSplitter
   "networkx",               # Pipeline graphs
-  "typing_extensions>=4.7", # typing support for Python 3.9
+  "typing_extensions>=4.7", # Extended typing features (NotRequired, etc.)
   "requests",
   "numpy",
   "python-dateutil",
@@ -169,9 +168,6 @@ extra-dependencies = [
   # NamedEntityExtractor
   "spacy>=3.8,<3.9",
   "en-core-web-trf @ https://github.com/explosion/spacy-models/releases/download/en_core_web_trf-3.8.0/en_core_web_trf-3.8.0-py3-none-any.whl",
-  # spacy requires thinc, which depends on blis. We pin blis because version 1.2.1 does not have wheels for python 3.9
-  # and compiling it from source takes much time.
-  "blis<1.2.1; python_version < '3.10'",
 ]
 
 [tool.hatch.envs.e2e.scripts]
@@ -268,7 +264,7 @@ asyncio_mode = "auto"
 asyncio_default_fixture_loop_scope = "class"
 
 [tool.mypy]
-python_version = "3.9"
+python_version = "3.10"
 check_untyped_defs = true
 disallow_incomplete_defs = true
 ignore_missing_imports = true

releasenotes/notes/drop-python-39-support-d90e0d0435bdc728.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+upgrade:
+  - |
+    Dropped support for Python 3.9 since it reached End of Life (EOL) in October 2025.
+    The minimum supported Python version is now 3.10.