Fix IPVanish TLS verification

2021-07-02 03:21:33 +00:00
797 changed files with 28918 additions and 156987 deletions
--- a/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
+++ b/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
 FROM qmcgaw/godevcontainer
-RUN apk add wireguard-tools htop
--- a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
+++ b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
        "bajdzis.vscode-database", // Supports connections to mysql or postgres, over SSL, socked
        "IBM.output-colorizer", // Colorize your output/test logs
        "mohsen1.prettify-json", // Prettify JSON data
-        "github.copilot",
    ],
    "settings": {
        "files.eol": "\n",
--- a/.devcontainer/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/.devcontainer/docker-compose.yml
@@ -3,29 +3,27 @@ version: "3.7"
 services:
  vscode:
    build: .
-    devices:
-      - /dev/net/tun:/dev/net/tun
+    image: godevcontainer
    volumes:
      - ../:/workspace
      # Docker socket to access Docker server
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
      # Docker configuration
-      - ~/.docker:/root/.docker
+      - ~/.docker:/root/.docker:z
      # SSH directory for Linux, OSX and WSL
-      - ~/.ssh:/root/.ssh
+      - ~/.ssh:/root/.ssh:z
      # For Windows without WSL, a copy will be made
      # from /tmp/.ssh to ~/.ssh to fix permissions
      #- ~/.ssh:/tmp/.ssh:ro
      # Shell history persistence
-      - ~/.zsh_history:/root/.zsh_history
+      - ~/.zsh_history:/root/.zsh_history:z
      # Git config
-      - ~/.gitconfig:/root/.gitconfig
+      - ~/.gitconfig:/root/.gitconfig:z
    environment:
      - TZ=
    cap_add:
      # For debugging with dlv
-      # - SYS_PTRACE
-      - NET_ADMIN
+      - SYS_PTRACE
    security_opt:
      # For debugging with dlv
      - seccomp:unconfined
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.md
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+name: Bug
+about: Report a bug
+title: 'Bug: FILL THIS TEXT!'
+labels: ":bug: bug"
+assignees: qdm12
+
+---
+
+<!---
+⚠️ Answer the following or I'll insta-close your issue
+-->
+
+**Is this urgent?**: No
+
+**Host OS** (approximate answer is fine too): Ubuntu 18
+
+**CPU arch** or **device name**: amd64
+
+**What VPN provider are you using**:
+
+**What are you using to run your container?**: Docker Compose
+
+**What is the version of the program** (See the line at the top of your logs)
+
+```
+Running version latest built on 2020-03-13T01:30:06Z (commit d0f678c)
+```
+
+**What's the problem** 🤔
+
+That feature doesn't work
+
+**Share your logs... (careful to remove in example tokens)**
+
+```log
+
+PASTE YOUR LOGS
+IN THERE
+
+```
+
+<!---
+💡 You can highlight your code with https://docs.github.com/en/github/writing-on-github/working-with-advanced-formatting/creating-and-highlighting-code-blocks#syntax-highlight
+-->
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-name: Bug
-description: Report a bug
-title: "Bug: "
-labels: [":bug: bug"]
-body:
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        Thanks for taking the time to fill out this bug report!
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: urgent
-    attributes:
-      label: Is this urgent?
-      description: |
-        Is this a critical bug, or do you need this fixed urgently?
-        If this is urgent, note you can use one of the [image tags available](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Docker-image-tags) if that can help.
-      options:
-        - "No"
-        - "Yes"
-  - type: input
-    id: host-os
-    attributes:
-      label: Host OS
-      description: What is your host OS?
-      placeholder: "Debian Buster"
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: cpu-arch
-    attributes:
-      label: CPU arch
-      description: You can find it on Linux with `uname -m`.
-      options:
-        - x86_64
-        - aarch64
-        - armv7l
-        - "386"
-        - s390x
-        - ppc64le
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: vpn-service-provider
-    attributes:
-      label: VPN service provider
-      options:
-        - Custom
-        - Cyberghost
-        - ExpressVPN
-        - FastestVPN
-        - HideMyAss
-        - IPVanish
-        - IVPN
-        - Mullvad
-        - NordVPN
-        - Privado
-        - Private Internet Access
-        - PrivateVPN
-        - ProtonVPN
-        - PureVPN
-        - Surfshark
-        - TorGuard
-        - VPNUnlimited
-        - VyprVPN
-        - WeVPN
-        - Windscribe
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: dropdown
-    id: docker
-    attributes:
-      label: What are you using to run the container
-      options:
-        - docker run
-        - docker-compose
-        - Portainer
-        - Kubernetes
-        - Podman
-        - Other
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: input
-    id: version
-    attributes:
-      label: What is the version of Gluetun
-      description: |
-        Copy paste the version line at the top of your logs.
-        It should be in the form `Running version latest built on 2020-03-13T01:30:06Z (commit d0f678c)`.
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: problem
-    attributes:
-      label: "What's the problem 🤔"
-      placeholder: "That feature does not work..."
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: logs
-    attributes:
-      label: Share your logs
-      description: No sensitive information is logged out except when running with `LOG_LEVEL=debug`.
-      render: plain text
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: config
-    attributes:
-      label: Share your configuration
-      description: Share your configuration such as `docker-compose.yml`. Ensure to remove credentials.
-      render: yml
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-contact_links:
-  - name: Configuration help?
-    url: https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/discussions/new
-    about: Please create a Github discussion.
-  - name: Unraid template issue
-    url: https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/discussions/550
-    about: Please read the relevant Github discussion.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+name: Feature request
+about: Suggest a feature to add to this project
+title: 'Feature request: FILL THIS TEXT!'
+labels: ":bulb: feature request"
+assignees: qdm12
+
+---
+
+**What's the feature?** 🧐
+
+- Support this new feature because that and that
+
+**Optional extra information** 🚀
+
+- I tried `docker run something` and it doesn't work
+- That [url](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun) is interesting
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-name: Feature request
-description: Suggest a feature to add to Gluetun
-title: "Feature request: "
-labels: [":bulb: feature request"]
-body:
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: "What's the feature 🧐"
-      placeholder: "Make the tunnel resistant to earth quakes"
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: extra
-    attributes:
-      label: "Extra information and references"
-      placeholder: |
-        - I tried `docker run something` and it doesn't work
-        - That [url](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun) is interesting
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/help.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/help.md
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+---
+name: Help
+about: Ask for help
+title: 'Help: FILL THIS TEXT!'
+labels: ":pray: help wanted"
+assignees:
+
+---
+
+<!---
+⚠️ If this about a Docker configuration problem or another service:
+Start a discussion at https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/discussions/new
+OR I WILL INSTA-CLOSE YOUR ISSUE.
+-->
+
+<!---
+⚠️ Answer the following or I'll insta-close your issue
+-->
+
+**Is this urgent?**: No
+
+**Host OS** (approximate answer is fine too): Ubuntu 18
+
+**CPU arch** or **device name**: amd64
+
+**What VPN provider are you using**:
+
+**What is the version of the program** (See the line at the top of your logs)
+
+```
+Running version latest built on 2020-03-13T01:30:06Z (commit d0f678c)
+```
+
+**What's the problem** 🤔
+
+That feature doesn't work
+
+**Share your logs... (careful to remove in example tokens)**
+
+```log
+
+PASTE YOUR LOGS
+IN THERE
+
+```
+
+**What are you using to run your container?**: Docker Compose
+
+<!---
+💡 You can highlight your code with https://docs.github.com/en/github/writing-on-github/working-with-advanced-formatting/creating-and-highlighting-code-blocks#syntax-highlight
+-->
+
+Please also share your configuration file:
+
+```yml
+your .yml
+content
+in here
+```
+
+or
+
+```sh
+# your docker
+# run command
+# in here
+```
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/wiki
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/wiki
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-name: Wiki issue
-description: Report a Wiki issue
-title: "Wiki issue: "
-labels: ["📄 Wiki issue"]
-body:
-  - type: input
-    id: url
-    attributes:
-      label: "URL to the Wiki page"
-      placeholder: "https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/OpenVPN-options"
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: "What's the issue?"
-    validations:
-      required: true
--- a/.github/labels.yml
+++ b/.github/labels.yml
@@ -14,14 +14,6 @@
  color: "795548"
  description: ""

-# Priority
- name: "🚨 Urgent"
-  color: "d5232f"
-  description: ""
- name: "💤 Low priority"
-  color: "4285f4"
-  description: ""
-
 # VPN providers
 - name: ":cloud: Cyberghost"
  color: "cfe8d4"
@@ -35,9 +27,6 @@
 - name: ":cloud: IVPN"
  color: "cfe8d4"
  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: ExpressVPN"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
 - name: ":cloud: FastestVPN"
  color: "cfe8d4"
  description: ""
@@ -47,9 +36,6 @@
 - name: ":cloud: NordVPN"
  color: "cfe8d4"
  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: Perfect Privacy"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
 - name: ":cloud: PIA"
  color: "cfe8d4"
  description: ""
@@ -76,9 +62,6 @@
 - name: ":cloud: Vyprvpn"
  color: "cfe8d4"
  description: ""
- name: ":cloud: WeVPN"
-  color: "cfe8d4"
-  description: ""
 - name: ":cloud: Windscribe"
  color: "cfe8d4"
  description: ""
@@ -87,9 +70,6 @@
 - name: "Openvpn"
  color: "ffc7ea"
  description: ""
- name: "Wireguard"
-  color: "ffc7ea"
-  description: ""
 - name: "Unbound (DNS over TLS)"
  color: "ffc7ea"
  description: ""
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+name: CI
+on:
+  push:
+    paths:
+      - .github/workflows/build.yml
+      - cmd/**
+      - internal/**
+      - pkg/**
+      - .dockerignore
+      - .golangci.yml
+      - Dockerfile
+      - go.mod
+      - go.sum
+
+jobs:
+  verify:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      DOCKER_BUILDKIT: "1"
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.3.4
+
+      - name: Linting
+        run: docker build --target lint .
+
+      - name: Go mod tidy check
+        run: docker build --target tidy .
+
+      - name: Build test image
+        run: docker build --target test -t test-container .
+
+      - name: Run tests in test container
+        run: |
+          touch coverage.txt
+          docker run --rm \
+          -v "$(pwd)/coverage.txt:/tmp/gobuild/coverage.txt" \
+          test-container
+
+      - name: Code security analysis
+        uses: snyk/actions/golang@master
+        env:
+          SNYK_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SNYK_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Build final image
+        run: docker build -t final-image .
+
+      - name: Image security analysis
+        uses: snyk/actions/docker@master
+        env:
+          SNYK_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SNYK_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          image: final-image
+
+  publish:
+    needs: [verify]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.3.4
+
+      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v1
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1
+
+      - uses: docker/login-action@v1
+        with:
+          username: qmcgaw
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }}
+
+      - name: Set variables
+        id: vars
+        env:
+          EVENT_NAME: ${{ github.event_name }}
+        run: |
+          BRANCH=${GITHUB_REF#refs/heads/}
+          TAG=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}
+          echo ::set-output name=commit::$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)
+          echo ::set-output name=build_date::$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)
+          if [ "$TAG" != "$GITHUB_REF" ]; then
+            echo ::set-output name=version::$TAG
+            echo ::set-output name=platforms::linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v6,linux/arm/v7,linux/ppc64le
+          elif [ "$BRANCH" = "master" ]; then
+            echo ::set-output name=version::latest
+            echo ::set-output name=platforms::linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v6,linux/arm/v7,linux/ppc64le
+          else
+            echo ::set-output name=version::$BRANCH
+            echo ::set-output name=platforms::linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v6,linux/arm/v7,linux/ppc64le
+          fi
+
+      - name: Build and push final image
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v2.4.0
+        with:
+          platforms: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.platforms }}
+          build-args: |
+            BUILD_DATE=${{ steps.vars.outputs.build_date }}
+            COMMIT=${{ steps.vars.outputs.commit }}
+            VERSION=${{ steps.vars.outputs.version }}
+            ALLTARGETPLATFORMS=${{ steps.vars.outputs.platforms }}
+          tags: |
+            qmcgaw/gluetun:${{ steps.vars.outputs.version }}
+            qmcgaw/private-internet-access:${{ steps.vars.outputs.version }}
+          push: true
+
+      - if: github.event_name == 'push' && github.event.ref == 'refs/heads/master'
+        name: Microbadger hook
+        run: curl -X POST https://hooks.microbadger.com/images/qmcgaw/gluetun/l-keGI7p4IhX4QuIDMFYKhsZ1L0=
+        continue-on-error: true
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-skip.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-skip.yml
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-name: No trigger file paths
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths-ignore:
-      - .github/workflows/ci.yml
-      - cmd/**
-      - internal/**
-      - pkg/**
-      - .dockerignore
-      - .golangci.yml
-      - Dockerfile
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths-ignore:
-      - .github/workflows/ci.yml
-      - cmd/**
-      - internal/**
-      - pkg/**
-      - .dockerignore
-      - .golangci.yml
-      - Dockerfile
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-
-jobs:
-  verify:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      actions: read
-    steps:
-      - name: No trigger path triggered for required verify workflow.
-        run: exit 0
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-name: CI
-on:
-  release:
-    types:
-      - published
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths:
-      - .github/workflows/ci.yml
-      - cmd/**
-      - internal/**
-      - pkg/**
-      - .dockerignore
-      - .golangci.yml
-      - Dockerfile
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths:
-      - .github/workflows/ci.yml
-      - cmd/**
-      - internal/**
-      - pkg/**
-      - .dockerignore
-      - .golangci.yml
-      - Dockerfile
-      - go.mod
-      - go.sum
-
-jobs:
-  verify:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      actions: read
-      contents: read
-    env:
-      DOCKER_BUILDKIT: "1"
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      - uses: reviewdog/action-misspell@v1
-        with:
-          locale: "US"
-          level: error
-
-      - name: Linting
-        run: docker build --target lint .
-
-      - name: Build test image
-        run: docker build --target test -t test-container .
-
-      - name: Run tests in test container
-        run: |
-          touch coverage.txt
-          docker run --rm \
-          -v "$(pwd)/coverage.txt:/tmp/gobuild/coverage.txt" \
-          test-container
-
-      - name: Build final image
-        run: docker build -t final-image .
-
-  codeql:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      actions: read
-      contents: read
-      security-events: write
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
-        with:
-          languages: go
-      - uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v2
-      - uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
-
-  publish:
-    if: |
-      github.repository == 'qdm12/gluetun' &&
-      (
-        github.event_name == 'push' ||
-        github.event_name == 'release' ||
-        (github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository && github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]')
-      )
-    needs: [verify, codeql]
-    permissions:
-      actions: read
-      contents: read
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      # extract metadata (tags, labels) for Docker
-      # https://github.com/docker/metadata-action
-      - name: Extract Docker metadata
-        id: meta
-        uses: docker/metadata-action@v4
-        with:
-          flavor: |
-            latest=${{ github.ref == format('refs/heads/{0}', github.event.repository.default_branch) }}
-          images: |
-            qmcgaw/gluetun
-            qmcgaw/private-internet-access
-          tags: |
-            type=ref,event=pr
-            type=semver,pattern=v{{major}}.{{minor}}.{{patch}}
-            type=semver,pattern=v{{major}}.{{minor}}
-            type=semver,pattern=v{{major}},enable=${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v0.') }}
-            type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ github.ref == format('refs/heads/{0}', github.event.repository.default_branch) }}
-
-      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
-
-      - uses: docker/login-action@v2
-        with:
-          username: qmcgaw
-          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }}
-
-      - name: Short commit
-        id: shortcommit
-        run: echo "::set-output name=value::$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
-
-      - name: Build and push final image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v3.0.0
-        with:
-          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v6,linux/arm/v7,linux/ppc64le
-          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
-          build-args: |
-            CREATED=${{ fromJSON(steps.meta.outputs.json).labels['org.opencontainers.image.created'] }}
-            COMMIT=${{ steps.shortcommit.outputs.value }}
-            VERSION=${{ fromJSON(steps.meta.outputs.json).labels['org.opencontainers.image.version'] }}
-          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
-          push: true
--- a/.github/workflows/dockerhub-description.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/dockerhub-description.yml
@@ -1,22 +1,18 @@
 name: Docker Hub description
 on:
  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
+    branches: [master]
    paths:
      - README.md
      - .github/workflows/dockerhub-description.yml
 jobs:
-  docker-hub-description:
-    if: github.repository == 'qdm12/gluetun'
+  dockerHubDescription:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      actions: read
-      contents: read
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      - uses: peter-evans/dockerhub-description@v3
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2.3.4
+      - name: Docker Hub Description
+        uses: peter-evans/dockerhub-description@v2
        with:
          username: qmcgaw
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }}
--- a/.github/workflows/labels.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/labels.yml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
  labeler:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: crazy-max/ghaction-github-labeler@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.3.4
+      - uses: crazy-max/ghaction-github-labeler@v3
        with:
          yaml-file: .github/labels.yml
--- a/.github/workflows/misspell.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/misspell.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+name: Misspells
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [master]
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+jobs:
+  misspell:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.3.4
+      - uses: reviewdog/action-misspell@v1
+        with:
+          locale: "US"
+          level: error
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 linters-settings:
+  maligned:
+    suggest-new: true
  misspell:
    locale: US

@@ -7,50 +9,34 @@ issues:
    - path: _test\.go
      linters:
        - dupl
+        - maligned
        - goerr113
-        - containedctx
-    - path: "internal\\/server\\/.+\\.go"
+    - path: internal/server/
      linters:
        - dupl
-    - path: "internal\\/configuration\\/settings\\/.+\\.go"
+    - path: internal/configuration/
      linters:
        - dupl
-    - text: "^mnd: Magic number: 0[0-9]{3}, in <argument> detected$"
-      source: "^.+= os\\.OpenFile\\(.+, .+, 0[0-9]{3}\\)"
+    - text: "exported: exported var Err*"
+      linters:
+        - revive
+    - text: "mnd: Magic number: 0644*"
      linters:
        - gomnd
-
-    - text: "^mnd: Magic number: 0[0-9]{3}, in <argument> detected$"
-      source: "^.+= os\\.MkdirAll\\(.+, 0[0-9]{3}\\)"
+    - text: "mnd: Magic number: 0400*"
      linters:
        - gomnd
-    - linters:
-        - lll
-      source: "^//go:generate .+$"
-    - text: "returns interface \\(github\\.com\\/vishvananda\\/netlink\\.Link\\)"
-      linters:
-        - ireturn
-
 linters:
+  disable-all: true
  enable:
-    # - cyclop
-    # - errorlint
-    # - varnamelen
-    # - wrapcheck
    - asciicheck
-    - bidichk
    - bodyclose
-    - containedctx
-    - decorder
+    - deadcode
    - dogsled
    - dupl
-    - durationcheck
-    - errchkjson
-    - errname
-    - execinquery
+    - errcheck
    - exhaustive
    - exportloopref
-    - forcetypeassert
    - gci
    - gochecknoglobals
    - gochecknoinits
@@ -63,37 +49,33 @@ linters:
    - goheader
    - goimports
    - gomnd
-    - gomoddirectives
    - goprintffuncname
    - gosec
-    - grouper
-    - ifshort
+    - gosimple
+    - govet
    - importas
-    - ireturn
+    - ineffassign
    - lll
-    - maintidx
-    - makezero
    - misspell
    - nakedret
    - nestif
    - nilerr
-    - nilnil
    - noctx
    - nolintlint
-    - nosprintfhostport
    - prealloc
    - predeclared
-    - predeclared
-    - promlinter
    - revive
    - rowserrcheck
    - sqlclosecheck
-    - tenv
+    - staticcheck
+    - structcheck
    - thelper
    - tparallel
+    - typecheck
    - unconvert
    - unparam
-    - wastedassign
+    - unused
+    - varcheck
    - whitespace

 run:
--- a/.vscode/launch.json
+++ b/.vscode/launch.json
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "version": "0.2.0",
-    "configurations": [
-        {
-            "name": "Update a VPN provider servers data",
-            "type": "go",
-            "request": "launch",
-            "mode": "debug",
-            "program": "cmd/gluetun/main.go",
-            "args": [
-                "update",
-                "-enduser",
-                "-providers",
-                "${input:provider}"
-            ],
-        }
-    ],
-    "inputs": [
-        {
-            "id": "provider",
-            "type": "promptString",
-            "description": "Please enter a provider (or comma separated list of providers)",
-        }
-    ]
-}
--- a/173
+++ b/173
@@ -1,55 +1,63 @@
-ARG ALPINE_VERSION=3.16
-ARG GO_ALPINE_VERSION=3.16
-ARG GO_VERSION=1.17
-ARG XCPUTRANSLATE_VERSION=v0.6.0
-ARG GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION=v1.46.2
+ARG ALPINE_VERSION=3.13
+ARG GO_VERSION=1.16
 ARG BUILDPLATFORM=linux/amd64

-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} qmcgaw/xcputranslate:${XCPUTRANSLATE_VERSION} AS xcputranslate
-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} qmcgaw/binpot:golangci-lint-${GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION} AS golangci-lint
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM qmcgaw/xcputranslate:v0.6.0 AS xcputranslate

-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine${GO_ALPINE_VERSION} AS base
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:${GO_VERSION}-alpine${ALPINE_VERSION} AS base
 COPY --from=xcputranslate /xcputranslate /usr/local/bin/xcputranslate
 RUN apk --update add git g++
 ENV CGO_ENABLED=0
-COPY --from=golangci-lint /bin /go/bin/golangci-lint
+ARG GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION=v1.41.1
+RUN go get github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/cmd/golangci-lint@${GOLANGCI_LINT_VERSION}
 WORKDIR /tmp/gobuild
 COPY go.mod go.sum ./
 RUN go mod download
 COPY cmd/ ./cmd/
 COPY internal/ ./internal/

-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} base AS test
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM base AS test
 # Note on the go race detector:
 # - we set CGO_ENABLED=1 to have it enabled
 # - we installed g++ to support the race detector
 ENV CGO_ENABLED=1
 ENTRYPOINT go test -race -coverpkg=./... -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic ./...

-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} base AS lint
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM base AS lint
 COPY .golangci.yml ./
 RUN golangci-lint run --timeout=10m

-FROM --platform=${BUILDPLATFORM} base AS build
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM base AS tidy
+RUN git init && \
+    git config user.email ci@localhost && \
+    git config user.name ci && \
+    git add -A && git commit -m ci && \
+    sed -i '/\/\/ indirect/d' go.mod && \
+    go mod tidy && \
+    git diff --exit-code -- go.mod
+
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM base AS build
 ARG TARGETPLATFORM
+ARG ALLTARGETPLATFORMS=${TARGETPLATFORM}
 ARG VERSION=unknown
-ARG CREATED="an unknown date"
+ARG BUILD_DATE="an unknown date"
 ARG COMMIT=unknown
+RUN xcputranslate sleep -targetplatform ${TARGETPLATFORM} -buildtime=10s -order=${ALLTARGETPLATFORMS}
 RUN GOARCH="$(xcputranslate translate -field arch -targetplatform ${TARGETPLATFORM})" \
    GOARM="$(xcputranslate translate -field arm -targetplatform ${TARGETPLATFORM})" \
    go build -trimpath -ldflags="-s -w \
    -X 'main.version=$VERSION' \
-    -X 'main.created=$CREATED' \
+    -X 'main.buildDate=$BUILD_DATE' \
    -X 'main.commit=$COMMIT' \
    " -o entrypoint cmd/gluetun/main.go

 FROM alpine:${ALPINE_VERSION}
 ARG VERSION=unknown
-ARG CREATED="an unknown date"
+ARG BUILD_DATE="an unknown date"
 ARG COMMIT=unknown
 LABEL \
    org.opencontainers.image.authors="quentin.mcgaw@gmail.com" \
-    org.opencontainers.image.created=$CREATED \
+    org.opencontainers.image.created=$BUILD_DATE \
    org.opencontainers.image.version=$VERSION \
    org.opencontainers.image.revision=$COMMIT \
    org.opencontainers.image.url="https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun" \
@@ -57,67 +65,49 @@ LABEL \
    org.opencontainers.image.source="https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun" \
    org.opencontainers.image.title="VPN swiss-knife like client for multiple VPN providers" \
    org.opencontainers.image.description="VPN swiss-knife like client to tunnel to multiple VPN servers using OpenVPN, IPtables, DNS over TLS, Shadowsocks, an HTTP proxy and Alpine Linux"
-ENV VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=pia \
-    VPN_TYPE=openvpn \
-    # Common VPN options
-    VPN_ENDPOINT_IP= \
-    VPN_ENDPOINT_PORT= \
-    VPN_INTERFACE=tun0 \
-    # OpenVPN
-    OPENVPN_PROTOCOL=udp \
-    OPENVPN_USER= \
-    OPENVPN_PASSWORD= \
-    OPENVPN_USER_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_user \
-    OPENVPN_PASSWORD_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_password \
+ENV VPNSP=pia \
+    VERSION_INFORMATION=on \
+    PROTOCOL=udp \
    OPENVPN_VERSION=2.5 \
    OPENVPN_VERBOSITY=1 \
-    OPENVPN_FLAGS= \
-    OPENVPN_CIPHERS= \
-    OPENVPN_AUTH= \
-    OPENVPN_PROCESS_USER= \
+    OPENVPN_ROOT=yes \
+    OPENVPN_TARGET_IP= \
    OPENVPN_IPV6=off \
    OPENVPN_CUSTOM_CONFIG= \
-    # Wireguard
-    WIREGUARD_PRIVATE_KEY= \
-    WIREGUARD_PRESHARED_KEY= \
-    WIREGUARD_PUBLIC_KEY= \
-    WIREGUARD_ADDRESSES= \
-    # VPN server filtering
-    SERVER_REGIONS= \
-    SERVER_COUNTRIES= \
-    SERVER_CITIES= \
-    SERVER_HOSTNAMES= \
-    # # Mullvad only:
+    TZ= \
+    PUID= \
+    PGID= \
+    PUBLICIP_FILE="/tmp/gluetun/ip" \
+    # VPN provider settings
+    OPENVPN_USER= \
+    OPENVPN_PASSWORD= \
+    USER_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_user \
+    PASSWORD_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_password \
+    REGION= \
+    COUNTRY= \
+    CITY= \
+    PORT= \
+    SERVER_HOSTNAME= \
+    # Mullvad only:
    ISP= \
-    OWNED_ONLY=no \
-    # # Private Internet Access only:
-    PRIVATE_INTERNET_ACCESS_OPENVPN_ENCRYPTION_PRESET= \
-    PRIVATE_INTERNET_ACCESS_VPN_PORT_FORWARDING=off \
-    PRIVATE_INTERNET_ACCESS_VPN_PORT_FORWARDING_STATUS_FILE="/tmp/gluetun/forwarded_port" \
-    # # Cyberghost only:
+    OWNED=no \
+    # Private Internet Access only:
+    PIA_ENCRYPTION=strong \
+    PORT_FORWARDING=off \
+    PORT_FORWARDING_STATUS_FILE="/tmp/gluetun/forwarded_port" \
+    # Cyberghost only:
+    CYBERGHOST_GROUP="Premium UDP Europe" \
    OPENVPN_CLIENTCRT_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_clientcrt \
    OPENVPN_CLIENTKEY_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/openvpn_clientkey \
-    # # Nordvpn only:
+    # Nordvpn only:
    SERVER_NUMBER= \
-    # # PIA only:
-    SERVER_NAMES= \
-    # # ProtonVPN only:
+    # NordVPN and ProtonVPN only:
+    SERVER_NAME= \
+    # ProtonVPN only:
    FREE_ONLY= \
-    # # Surfshark only:
-    MULTIHOP_ONLY= \
-    # Firewall
-    FIREWALL=on \
-    FIREWALL_VPN_INPUT_PORTS= \
-    FIREWALL_INPUT_PORTS= \
-    FIREWALL_OUTBOUND_SUBNETS= \
-    FIREWALL_DEBUG=off \
-    # Logging
-    LOG_LEVEL=info \
-    # Health
-    HEALTH_SERVER_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1:9999 \
-    HEALTH_TARGET_ADDRESS=cloudflare.com:443 \
-    HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_INITIAL=6s \
-    HEALTH_VPN_DURATION_ADDITION=5s \
+    # Openvpn
+    OPENVPN_CIPHER= \
+    OPENVPN_AUTH= \
    # DNS over TLS
    DOT=on \
    DOT_PROVIDERS=cloudflare \
@@ -132,12 +122,18 @@ ENV VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=pia \
    BLOCK_ADS=off \
    UNBLOCK= \
    DNS_UPDATE_PERIOD=24h \
-    DNS_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1 \
+    DNS_PLAINTEXT_ADDRESS=1.1.1.1 \
    DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER=off \
+    # Firewall
+    FIREWALL=on \
+    FIREWALL_VPN_INPUT_PORTS= \
+    FIREWALL_INPUT_PORTS= \
+    FIREWALL_OUTBOUND_SUBNETS= \
+    FIREWALL_DEBUG=off \
    # HTTP proxy
    HTTPPROXY= \
    HTTPPROXY_LOG=off \
-    HTTPPROXY_LISTENING_ADDRESS=":8888" \
+    HTTPPROXY_PORT=8888 \
    HTTPPROXY_USER= \
    HTTPPROXY_PASSWORD= \
    HTTPPROXY_USER_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/httpproxy_user \
@@ -145,43 +141,20 @@ ENV VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=pia \
    # Shadowsocks
    SHADOWSOCKS=off \
    SHADOWSOCKS_LOG=off \
-    SHADOWSOCKS_LISTENING_ADDRESS=":8388" \
+    SHADOWSOCKS_PORT=8388 \
    SHADOWSOCKS_PASSWORD= \
    SHADOWSOCKS_PASSWORD_SECRETFILE=/run/secrets/shadowsocks_password \
-    SHADOWSOCKS_CIPHER=chacha20-ietf-poly1305 \
-    # Control server
-    HTTP_CONTROL_SERVER_ADDRESS=":8000" \
-    # Server data updater
-    UPDATER_PERIOD=0 \
-    UPDATER_MIN_RATIO=0.8 \
-    UPDATER_VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDERS= \
-    # Public IP
-    PUBLICIP_FILE="/tmp/gluetun/ip" \
-    PUBLICIP_PERIOD=12h \
-    # Pprof
-    PPROF_ENABLED=no \
-    PPROF_BLOCK_PROFILE_RATE=0 \
-    PPROF_MUTEX_PROFILE_RATE=0 \
-    PPROF_HTTP_SERVER_ADDRESS=":6060" \
-    # Extras
-    VERSION_INFORMATION=on \
-    TZ= \
-    PUID= \
-    PGID=
-ENTRYPOINT ["/gluetun-entrypoint"]
+    SHADOWSOCKS_METHOD=chacha20-ietf-poly1305 \
+    UPDATER_PERIOD=0
+ENTRYPOINT ["/entrypoint"]
 EXPOSE 8000/tcp 8888/tcp 8388/tcp 8388/udp
-HEALTHCHECK --interval=5s --timeout=5s --start-period=10s --retries=1 CMD /gluetun-entrypoint healthcheck
-ARG TARGETPLATFORM
-RUN apk add --no-cache --update -l apk-tools && \
-    apk add --no-cache --update -X "https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.12/main" openvpn==2.4.12-r0 && \
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=5s --timeout=5s --start-period=10s --retries=1 CMD /entrypoint healthcheck
+RUN apk add --no-cache --update -X "https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.12/main" openvpn==2.4.11-r0 && \
    mv /usr/sbin/openvpn /usr/sbin/openvpn2.4 && \
    apk del openvpn && \
    apk add --no-cache --update openvpn ca-certificates iptables ip6tables unbound tzdata && \
-    mv /usr/sbin/openvpn /usr/sbin/openvpn2.5 && \
-    # Fix vulnerability issue
-    apk add --no-cache --update busybox && \
    rm -rf /var/cache/apk/* /etc/unbound/* /usr/sbin/unbound-* /etc/openvpn/*.sh /usr/lib/openvpn/plugins/openvpn-plugin-down-root.so && \
    deluser openvpn && \
    deluser unbound && \
    mkdir /gluetun
-COPY --from=build /tmp/gobuild/entrypoint /gluetun-entrypoint
+COPY --from=build /tmp/gobuild/entrypoint /entrypoint
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,125 +1,125 @@
 # Gluetun VPN client

-Lightweight swiss-knife-like VPN client to multiple VPN sercice providers
+*Lightweight swiss-knife-like VPN client to tunnel to Cyberghost, FastestVPN,
+HideMyAss, IPVanish, IVPN, Mullvad, NordVPN, Privado, Private Internet Access, PrivateVPN,
+ProtonVPN, PureVPN, Surfshark, TorGuard, VPNUnlimited, VyprVPN and Windscribe VPN servers
+using Go, OpenVPN, iptables, DNS over TLS, ShadowSocks and an HTTP proxy*

-![Title image](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qdm12/gluetun/master/title.svg)
+**ANNOUNCEMENT**:

-[![Build status](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
+<img height="250" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/qdm12/gluetun/master/title.svg?sanitize=true">

-[![Docker pulls qmcgaw/gluetun](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/qmcgaw/gluetun.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun)
-[![Docker pulls qmcgaw/private-internet-access](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/qmcgaw/private-internet-access.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun)
+[![Size](https://img.shields.io/docker/image-size/qmcgaw/gluetun?sort=semver&label=Last%20released%20image)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated)
+[![Size](https://img.shields.io/docker/image-size/qmcgaw/gluetun/latest?label=Latest%20image)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun/tags)

-[![Docker stars qmcgaw/gluetun](https://img.shields.io/docker/stars/qmcgaw/gluetun.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun)
-[![Docker stars qmcgaw/private-internet-access](https://img.shields.io/docker/stars/qmcgaw/private-internet-access.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun)
+[![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/qmcgaw/private-internet-access.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/private-internet-access)
+[![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/qmcgaw/gluetun.svg)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun)

 ![Last release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/qdm12/gluetun?label=Last%20release)
 ![Last Docker tag](https://img.shields.io/docker/v/qmcgaw/gluetun?sort=semver&label=Last%20Docker%20tag)
-[![Last release size](https://img.shields.io/docker/image-size/qmcgaw/gluetun?sort=semver&label=Last%20released%20image)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated)
-![GitHub last release date](https://img.shields.io/github/release-date/qdm12/gluetun?label=Last%20release%20date)
+![GitHub Release Date](https://img.shields.io/github/release-date/qdm12/gluetun?label=Last%20release%20date)
+
 ![Commits since release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/qdm12/gluetun/latest?sort=semver)
-
-[![Latest size](https://img.shields.io/docker/image-size/qmcgaw/gluetun/latest?label=Latest%20image)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun/tags)
-
-[![GitHub last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/commits/master)
-[![GitHub commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/graphs/contributors)
-[![GitHub closed PRs](https://img.shields.io/github/issues-pr-closed/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aclosed)
-[![GitHub issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues)
-[![GitHub closed issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues-closed/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed)
+[![GitHub last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/commits)

 [![Lines of code](https://img.shields.io/tokei/lines/github/qdm12/gluetun)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun)
-![Code size](https://img.shields.io/github/languages/code-size/qdm12/gluetun)
-![GitHub repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/qdm12/gluetun)
-![Go version](https://img.shields.io/github/go-mod/go-version/qdm12/gluetun)
-
-![Visitors count](https://visitor-badge.laobi.icu/badge?page_id=gluetun.readme)

 ## Quick links

- [Setup](#Setup)
- [Features](#Features)
- Problem?
-  - [Check the Wiki](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki)
+- Problem or suggestion?
  - [Start a discussion](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/discussions)
-  - [Fix the Unraid template](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/discussions/550)
- Suggestion?
  - [Create an issue](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues)
+  - [Check the Wiki](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki)
  - [Join the Slack channel](https://join.slack.com/t/qdm12/shared_invite/enQtOTE0NjcxNTM1ODc5LTYyZmVlOTM3MGI4ZWU0YmJkMjUxNmQ4ODQ2OTAwYzMxMTlhY2Q1MWQyOWUyNjc2ODliNjFjMDUxNWNmNzk5MDk)
 - Happy?
  - Sponsor me on [github.com/sponsors/qdm12](https://github.com/sponsors/qdm12)
  - Donate to [paypal.me/qmcgaw](https://www.paypal.me/qmcgaw)
  - Drop me [an email](mailto:quentin.mcgaw@gmail.com)
- **Want to add a VPN provider?** check [Development](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Development) and [Add a provider](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Add-a-provider)
- Video:
-
-  [![Video Gif](https://i.imgur.com/CetWunc.gif)](https://youtu.be/0F6I03LQcI4)
-
- [Substack Console interview](https://console.substack.com/p/console-72)

 ## Features

- Based on Alpine 3.16 for a small Docker image of 29MB
- Supports: **Cyberghost**, **ExpressVPN**, **FastestVPN**, **HideMyAss**, **IPVanish**, **IVPN**, **Mullvad**, **NordVPN**, **Perfect Privacy**, **Privado**, **Private Internet Access**, **PrivateVPN**, **ProtonVPN**, **PureVPN**,  **Surfshark**, **TorGuard**, **VPNUnlimited**, **Vyprvpn**, **WeVPN**, **Windscribe** servers
- Supports OpenVPN for all providers listed
- Supports Wireguard both kernelspace and userspace
-  - For **Mullvad**, **Ivpn** and **Windscribe**
-  - For **Torguard**, **VPN Unlimited** and **WeVPN** using [the custom provider](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Custom-provider)
-  - For custom Wireguard configurations using [the custom provider](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Custom-provider)
-  - More in progress, see [#134](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues/134)
+- Based on Alpine 3.13 for a small Docker image of 54MB
+- Supports: **Cyberghost**, **FastestVPN**, **HideMyAss**, **IPVanish**, **IVPN**, **Mullvad**, **NordVPN**, **Privado**, **Private Internet Access**, **PrivateVPN**, **ProtonVPN**, **PureVPN**,  **Surfshark**, **TorGuard**, **VPNUnlimited**, **Vyprvpn**, **Windscribe** servers
+- Supports Openvpn only for now
 - DNS over TLS baked in with service provider(s) of your choice
 - DNS fine blocking of malicious/ads/surveillance hostnames and IP addresses, with live update every 24 hours
 - Choose the vpn network protocol, `udp` or `tcp`
 - Built in firewall kill switch to allow traffic only with needed the VPN servers and LAN devices
 - Built in Shadowsocks proxy (protocol based on SOCKS5 with an encryption layer, tunnels TCP+UDP)
 - Built in HTTP proxy (tunnels HTTP and HTTPS through TCP)
- [Connect other containers to it](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Connect-a-container-to-gluetun)
- [Connect LAN devices to it](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Connect-a-LAN-device-to-gluetun)
+- [Connect other containers to it](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Connect-to-gluetun)
+- [Connect LAN devices to it](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Connect-to-gluetun)
 - Compatible with amd64, i686 (32 bit), **ARM** 64 bit, ARM 32 bit v6 and v7, and even ppc64le 🎆
- [Custom VPN server side port forwarding for Private Internet Access](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Private-internet-access#vpn-server-port-forwarding)
+- VPN server side port forwarding for Private Internet Access and Vyprvpn
 - Possibility of split horizon DNS by selecting multiple DNS over TLS providers
- Unbound subprogram drops root privileges once launched
+- Subprograms all drop root privileges once launched
+- Subprograms output streams are all merged together
 - Can work as a Kubernetes sidecar container, thanks @rorph

 ## Setup

-🎉 There are now instructions specific to each VPN provider with examples to help you get started as quickly as possible!
+1. Ensure your `tun` kernel module is setup:

-Go to the [Wiki](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki)!
+    ```sh
+    sudo modprobe tun
+    # or, if you don't have modprobe, with
+    sudo insmod /lib/modules/tun.ko
+    ```

-[🐛 Found a bug in the Wiki?!](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues/new?assignees=&labels=%F0%9F%93%84+Wiki+issue&template=wiki+issue.yml&title=Wiki+issue%3A+)
+1. Extra steps:
+    - [For Synology users](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Synology-setup)
+    - [For 32 bit Operating systems (**Rasberry Pis**)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/32-bit-setup)
+1. Launch the container with:

-Here's a docker-compose.yml for the laziest:
+    ```bash
+    docker run -d --name gluetun --cap-add=NET_ADMIN \
+    -e VPNSP="private internet access" -e REGION="CA Montreal" \
+    -e OPENVPN_USER=js89ds7 -e OPENVPN_PASSWORD=8fd9s239G \
+    -v /yourpath:/gluetun \
+    qmcgaw/gluetun
+    ```

-```yml
-version: "3"
-services:
-  gluetun:
-    image: qmcgaw/gluetun
-    # container_name: gluetun
-    # line above must be uncommented to allow external containers to connect. See https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Connect-a-container-to-gluetun#external-container-to-gluetun
-    cap_add:
-      - NET_ADMIN
-    devices:
-      - /dev/net/tun:/dev/net/tun
-    ports:
-      - 8888:8888/tcp # HTTP proxy
-      - 8388:8388/tcp # Shadowsocks
-      - 8388:8388/udp # Shadowsocks
-    volumes:
-      - /yourpath:/gluetun
-    environment:
-      # See https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki
-      - VPN_SERVICE_PROVIDER=ivpn
-      - VPN_TYPE=openvpn
-      # OpenVPN:
-      - OPENVPN_USER=
-      - OPENVPN_PASSWORD=
-      # Wireguard:
-      # - WIREGUARD_PRIVATE_KEY=wOEI9rqqbDwnN8/Bpp22sVz48T71vJ4fYmFWujulwUU=
-      # - WIREGUARD_ADDRESSES=10.64.222.21/32
-      # Timezone for accurate log times
-      - TZ=
-```
+    or use [docker-compose.yml](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/blob/master/docker-compose.yml) with:
+
+    ```bash
+    docker-compose up -d
+    ```
+
+    You should probably check the many [environment variables](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Environment-variables) available to adapt the container to your needs.
+
+## Further setup
+
+The following points are all optional but should give you insights on all the possibilities with this container.
+
+- [Test your setup](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Test-your-setup)
+- [How to connect other containers and devices to Gluetun](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Connect-to-gluetun)
+- [VPN server side port forwarding](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Port-forwarding)
+- [HTTP control server](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/HTTP-Control-server) to automate things, restart Openvpn etc.
+- Update the image with `docker pull qmcgaw/gluetun:latest`. See this [Wiki document](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Docker-image-tags) for Docker tags available.
+- Use [Docker secrets](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/wiki/Docker-secrets) to read your credentials instead of environment variables

 ## License

 [![MIT](https://img.shields.io/github/license/qdm12/gluetun)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/master/LICENSE)
+
+## Metadata
+
+[![GitHub commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/commits)
+[![GitHub closed PRs](https://img.shields.io/github/issues-pr-closed/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/pulls?q=is%3Apr+is%3Aclosed)
+
+[![GitHub issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues)
+[![GitHub closed issues](https://img.shields.io/github/issues-closed/qdm12/gluetun.svg)](https://github.com/qdm12/gluetun/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed)
+
+![Visitors count](https://visitor-badge.laobi.icu/badge?page_id=gluetun.readme)
+![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/qdm12/gluetun?style=social)
+![GitHub watchers](https://img.shields.io/github/watchers/qdm12/gluetun?style=social)
+![Contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/qdm12/gluetun)
+![GitHub forks](https://img.shields.io/github/forks/qdm12/gluetun?style=social)
+
+![Code size](https://img.shields.io/github/languages/code-size/qdm12/gluetun)
+![GitHub repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/qdm12/gluetun)
+
+[![dockeri.co](https://dockeri.co/image/qmcgaw/gluetun)](https://hub.docker.com/r/qmcgaw/gluetun)
+
+![Docker Layers for latest](https://img.shields.io/microbadger/layers/qmcgaw/gluetun/latest?label=Docker%20image%20layers)
+![Go version](https://img.shields.io/github/go-mod/go-version/qdm12/gluetun)
--- a/cmd/gluetun/main.go
+++ b/cmd/gluetun/main.go
@@ -4,104 +4,90 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
-	"os"
+	nativeos "os"
 	"os/signal"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
-	_ "time/tzdata"

-	_ "github.com/breml/rootcerts"
 	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/unbound"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/alpine"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/cli"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources/env"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources/files"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources/mux"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources/secrets"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/dns"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/firewall"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/healthcheck"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/httpproxy"
+	gluetunLogging "github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/logging"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/netlink"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/openvpn"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/openvpn/extract"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/portforward"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/pprof"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/publicip"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/publicip/ipinfo"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/routing"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/server"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/shadowsocks"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/storage"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/tun"
-	updater "github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater/loop"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater/resolver"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater/unzip"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/vpn"
-	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/command"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/unix"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater"
+	versionpkg "github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/version"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os/user"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
 	"github.com/qdm12/goshutdown"
-	"github.com/qdm12/goshutdown/goroutine"
-	"github.com/qdm12/goshutdown/group"
-	"github.com/qdm12/goshutdown/order"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gosplash"
-	"github.com/qdm12/log"
 	"github.com/qdm12/updated/pkg/dnscrypto"
 )

 //nolint:gochecknoglobals
 var (
-	version = "unknown"
-	commit  = "unknown"
-	created = "an unknown date"
+	version   = "unknown"
+	commit    = "unknown"
+	buildDate = "an unknown date"
+)
+
+var (
+	errSetupRouting = errors.New("cannot setup routing")
+	errCreateUser   = errors.New("cannot create user")
 )

 func main() {
 	buildInfo := models.BuildInformation{
-		Version: version,
-		Commit:  commit,
-		Created: created,
+		Version:   version,
+		Commit:    commit,
+		BuildDate: buildDate,
 	}

-	background := context.Background()
-	signalCh := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-	signal.Notify(signalCh, os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(background)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(ctx, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM, nativeos.Interrupt)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)

-	logger := log.New(log.SetLevel(log.LevelInfo))
+	logger := logging.NewParent(logging.Settings{})

-	args := os.Args
-	tun := tun.New()
-	netLinker := netlink.New()
+	args := nativeos.Args
+	os := os.New()
+	osUser := user.New()
+	unix := unix.New()
 	cli := cli.New()
-	cmder := command.NewCmder()
-
-	envReader := env.New(logger)
-	filesReader := files.New()
-	secretsReader := secrets.New()
-	muxReader := mux.New(envReader, filesReader, secretsReader)

 	errorCh := make(chan error)
 	go func() {
-		errorCh <- _main(ctx, buildInfo, args, logger, muxReader, tun, netLinker, cmder, cli)
+		errorCh <- _main(ctx, buildInfo, args, logger, os, osUser, unix, cli)
 	}()

 	select {
-	case signal := <-signalCh:
-		fmt.Println("")
-		logger.Warn("Caught OS signal " + signal.String() + ", shutting down")
-		cancel()
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		stop()
+		logger.Warn("Caught OS signal, shutting down")
 	case err := <-errorCh:
+		stop()
 		close(errorCh)
 		if err == nil { // expected exit such as healthcheck
-			os.Exit(0)
+			nativeos.Exit(0)
 		}
-		logger.Error(err.Error())
+		logger.Error(err)
 		cancel()
 	}

@@ -115,149 +101,69 @@ func main() {
 		logger.Info("Shutdown successful")
 	case <-timer.C:
 		logger.Warn("Shutdown timed out")
-	case signal := <-signalCh:
-		logger.Warn("Caught OS signal " + signal.String() + ", forcing shut down")
 	}

-	os.Exit(1)
+	nativeos.Exit(1)
 }

 var (
 	errCommandUnknown = errors.New("command is unknown")
 )

-//nolint:gocognit,gocyclo,maintidx
+//nolint:gocognit,gocyclo
 func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
-	args []string, logger log.LoggerInterface, source sources.Source,
-	tun Tun, netLinker netLinker, cmder command.RunStarter,
-	cli clier) error {
+	args []string, logger logging.ParentLogger, os os.OS,
+	osUser user.OSUser, unix unix.Unix, cli cli.CLI) error {
 	if len(args) > 1 { // cli operation
 		switch args[1] {
 		case "healthcheck":
-			return cli.HealthCheck(ctx, source, logger)
+			return cli.HealthCheck(ctx)
 		case "clientkey":
-			return cli.ClientKey(args[2:])
+			return cli.ClientKey(args[2:], os.OpenFile)
 		case "openvpnconfig":
-			return cli.OpenvpnConfig(logger, source)
+			return cli.OpenvpnConfig(os, logger)
 		case "update":
-			return cli.Update(ctx, args[2:], logger)
-		case "format-servers":
-			return cli.FormatServers(args[2:])
+			return cli.Update(ctx, args[2:], os, logger)
 		default:
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", errCommandUnknown, args[1])
 		}
 	}

-	announcementExp, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, "2021-02-15T00:00:00Z")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	splashSettings := gosplash.Settings{
-		User:         "qdm12",
-		Repository:   "gluetun",
-		Emails:       []string{"quentin.mcgaw@gmail.com"},
-		Version:      buildInfo.Version,
-		Commit:       buildInfo.Commit,
-		BuildDate:    buildInfo.Created,
-		Announcement: "Large settings parsing refactoring merged on 2022-01-06, please report any issue!",
-		AnnounceExp:  announcementExp,
-		// Sponsor information
-		PaypalUser:    "qmcgaw",
-		GithubSponsor: "qdm12",
-	}
-	for _, line := range gosplash.MakeLines(splashSettings) {
-		fmt.Println(line)
-	}
-
-	allSettings, err := source.Read()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Note: no need to validate minimal settings for the firewall:
-	// - global log level is parsed from source
-	// - firewall Debug and Enabled are booleans parsed from source
-
-	logger.Patch(log.SetLevel(*allSettings.Log.Level))
-
-	routingLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("routing"))
-	if *allSettings.Firewall.Debug { // To remove in v4
-		routingLogger.Patch(log.SetLevel(log.LevelDebug))
-	}
-	routingConf := routing.New(netLinker, routingLogger)
-
-	defaultRoutes, err := routingConf.DefaultRoutes()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	localNetworks, err := routingConf.LocalNetworks()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	firewallLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("firewall"))
-	if *allSettings.Firewall.Debug { // To remove in v4
-		firewallLogger.Patch(log.SetLevel(log.LevelDebug))
-	}
-	firewallConf, err := firewall.NewConfig(ctx, firewallLogger, cmder,
-		defaultRoutes, localNetworks)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if *allSettings.Firewall.Enabled {
-		err = firewallConf.SetEnabled(ctx, true)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	// TODO run this in a loop or in openvpn to reload from file without restarting
-	storageLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("storage"))
-	storage, err := storage.New(storageLogger, constants.ServersData)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = allSettings.Validate(storage)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	allSettings.Pprof.HTTPServer.Logger = logger.New(log.SetComponent("pprof"))
-	pprofServer, err := pprof.New(allSettings.Pprof)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot create Pprof server: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	puid, pgid := int(*allSettings.System.PUID), int(*allSettings.System.PGID)
-
 	const clientTimeout = 15 * time.Second
 	httpClient := &http.Client{Timeout: clientTimeout}
 	// Create configurators
-	alpineConf := alpine.New()
-	ovpnConf := openvpn.New(
-		logger.New(log.SetComponent("openvpn configurator")),
-		cmder, puid, pgid)
+	alpineConf := alpine.NewConfigurator(os.OpenFile, osUser)
+	ovpnConf := openvpn.NewConfigurator(
+		logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "openvpn configurator: "}),
+		os, unix)
 	dnsCrypto := dnscrypto.New(httpClient, "", "")
 	const cacertsPath = "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt"
-	dnsConf := unbound.NewConfigurator(nil, cmder, dnsCrypto,
+	dnsConf := unbound.NewConfigurator(nil, os.OpenFile, dnsCrypto,
 		"/etc/unbound", "/usr/sbin/unbound", cacertsPath)
+	routingConf := routing.NewRouting(
+		logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "routing: "}))
+	firewallConf := firewall.NewConfigurator(
+		logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "firewall: "}),
+		routingConf, os.OpenFile)

-	err = printVersions(ctx, logger, []printVersionElement{
+	fmt.Println(gluetunLogging.Splash(buildInfo))
+
+	if err := printVersions(ctx, logger, []printVersionElement{
 		{name: "Alpine", getVersion: alpineConf.Version},
 		{name: "OpenVPN 2.4", getVersion: ovpnConf.Version24},
 		{name: "OpenVPN 2.5", getVersion: ovpnConf.Version25},
 		{name: "Unbound", getVersion: dnsConf.Version},
-		{name: "IPtables", getVersion: func(ctx context.Context) (version string, err error) {
-			return firewall.Version(ctx, cmder)
-		}},
-	})
-	if err != nil {
+		{name: "IPtables", getVersion: firewallConf.Version},
+	}); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

+	var allSettings configuration.Settings
+	err := allSettings.Read(params.NewEnv(), os,
+		logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "configuration: "}))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	logger.Info(allSettings.String())

 	if err := os.MkdirAll("/tmp/gluetun", 0644); err != nil {
@@ -267,33 +173,66 @@ func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
 		return err
 	}

+	// TODO run this in a loop or in openvpn to reload from file without restarting
+	storage := storage.New(
+		logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "storage: "}),
+		os, constants.ServersData)
+	allServers, err := storage.SyncServers(constants.GetAllServers())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Should never change
+	puid, pgid := allSettings.System.PUID, allSettings.System.PGID
+
 	const defaultUsername = "nonrootuser"
 	nonRootUsername, err := alpineConf.CreateUser(defaultUsername, puid)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot create user: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", errCreateUser, err)
 	}
 	if nonRootUsername != defaultUsername {
-		logger.Info("using existing username " + nonRootUsername + " corresponding to user id " + fmt.Sprint(puid))
+		logger.Info("using existing username %s corresponding to user id %d", nonRootUsername, puid)
 	}
 	// set it for Unbound
 	// TODO remove this when migrating to qdm12/dns v2
-	allSettings.DNS.DoT.Unbound.Username = nonRootUsername
-	allSettings.VPN.OpenVPN.ProcessUser = nonRootUsername
+	allSettings.DNS.Unbound.Username = nonRootUsername

 	if err := os.Chown("/etc/unbound", puid, pgid); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

+	if allSettings.Firewall.Debug {
+		firewallConf.SetDebug()
+		routingConf.SetDebug()
+	}
+
+	defaultInterface, defaultGateway, err := routingConf.DefaultRoute()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	localNetworks, err := routingConf.LocalNetworks()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	defaultIP, err := routingConf.DefaultIP()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	firewallConf.SetNetworkInformation(defaultInterface, defaultGateway, localNetworks, defaultIP)
+
 	if err := routingConf.Setup(); err != nil {
 		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "operation not permitted") {
 			logger.Warn("💡 Tip: Are you passing NET_ADMIN capability to gluetun?")
 		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot setup routing: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", errSetupRouting, err)
 	}
 	defer func() {
-		routingLogger.Info("routing cleanup...")
+		routingConf.SetVerbose(false)
 		if err := routingConf.TearDown(); err != nil {
-			routingLogger.Error("cannot teardown routing: " + err.Error())
+			logger.Error("cannot teardown routing: " + err.Error())
 		}
 	}()

@@ -304,26 +243,41 @@ func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
 		return err
 	}

-	const tunDevice = "/dev/net/tun"
-	if err := tun.Check(tunDevice); err != nil {
-		logger.Info(err.Error() + "; creating it...")
-		err = tun.Create(tunDevice)
+	if err := ovpnConf.CheckTUN(); err != nil {
+		logger.Warn(err)
+		err = ovpnConf.CreateTUN()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	tunnelReadyCh := make(chan struct{})
+	defer close(tunnelReadyCh)
+
+	if allSettings.Firewall.Enabled {
+		err := firewallConf.SetEnabled(ctx, true) // disabled by default
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, vpnPort := range allSettings.Firewall.VPNInputPorts {
+		err = firewallConf.SetAllowedPort(ctx, vpnPort, string(constants.TUN))
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}

 	for _, port := range allSettings.Firewall.InputPorts {
-		for _, defaultRoute := range defaultRoutes {
-			err = firewallConf.SetAllowedPort(ctx, port, defaultRoute.NetInterface)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
+		err = firewallConf.SetAllowedPort(ctx, port, defaultInterface)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 	} // TODO move inside firewall?

+	healthy := make(chan bool)
+
 	// Shutdown settings
-	const totalShutdownTimeout = 3 * time.Second
 	const defaultShutdownTimeout = 400 * time.Millisecond
 	defaultShutdownOnSuccess := func(goRoutineName string) {
 		logger.Info(goRoutineName + ": terminated ✔️")
@@ -331,134 +285,117 @@ func _main(ctx context.Context, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
 	defaultShutdownOnFailure := func(goRoutineName string, err error) {
 		logger.Warn(goRoutineName + ": " + err.Error() + " ⚠️")
 	}
-	defaultGroupOptions := []group.Option{
-		group.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout),
-		group.OptionOnSuccess(defaultShutdownOnSuccess)}
+	defaultGoRoutineSettings := goshutdown.GoRoutineSettings{Timeout: defaultShutdownTimeout}
+	defaultGroupSettings := goshutdown.GroupSettings{
+		Timeout:   defaultShutdownTimeout,
+		OnFailure: defaultShutdownOnFailure,
+		OnSuccess: defaultShutdownOnSuccess,
+	}

-	controlGroupHandler := goshutdown.NewGroupHandler("control", defaultGroupOptions...)
-	tickersGroupHandler := goshutdown.NewGroupHandler("tickers", defaultGroupOptions...)
-	otherGroupHandler := goshutdown.NewGroupHandler("other", defaultGroupOptions...)
+	controlGroupHandler := goshutdown.NewGroupHandler("control", defaultGroupSettings)
+	tickersGroupHandler := goshutdown.NewGroupHandler("tickers", defaultGroupSettings)
+	otherGroupHandler := goshutdown.NewGroupHandler("other", defaultGroupSettings)

-	pprofReady := make(chan struct{})
-	pprofHandler, pprofCtx, pprofDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler("pprof server")
-	go pprofServer.Run(pprofCtx, pprofReady, pprofDone)
-	otherGroupHandler.Add(pprofHandler)
-	<-pprofReady
+	openvpnLooper := openvpn.NewLooper(allSettings.OpenVPN, nonRootUsername, puid, pgid, allServers,
+		ovpnConf, firewallConf, routingConf, logger, httpClient, os.OpenFile, tunnelReadyCh, healthy)
+	openvpnHandler, openvpnCtx, openvpnDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
+		"openvpn", goshutdown.GoRoutineSettings{Timeout: time.Second})
+	// wait for restartOpenvpn
+	go openvpnLooper.Run(openvpnCtx, openvpnDone)

-	portForwardLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("port forwarding"))
-	portForwardLooper := portforward.NewLoop(allSettings.VPN.Provider.PortForwarding,
-		httpClient, firewallConf, portForwardLogger, puid, pgid)
-	portForwardHandler, portForwardCtx, portForwardDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"port forwarding", goroutine.OptionTimeout(time.Second))
-	go portForwardLooper.Run(portForwardCtx, portForwardDone)
-
-	unboundLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("dns over tls"))
-	unboundLooper := dns.NewLoop(dnsConf, allSettings.DNS, httpClient,
-		unboundLogger)
-	dnsHandler, dnsCtx, dnsDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"unbound", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	// wait for unboundLooper.Restart or its ticker launched with RunRestartTicker
-	go unboundLooper.Run(dnsCtx, dnsDone)
-	otherGroupHandler.Add(dnsHandler)
-
-	dnsTickerHandler, dnsTickerCtx, dnsTickerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"dns ticker", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go unboundLooper.RunRestartTicker(dnsTickerCtx, dnsTickerDone)
-	controlGroupHandler.Add(dnsTickerHandler)
-
-	ipFetcher := ipinfo.New(httpClient)
-	publicIPLooper := publicip.NewLoop(ipFetcher,
-		logger.New(log.SetComponent("ip getter")),
-		allSettings.PublicIP, puid, pgid)
-	pubIPHandler, pubIPCtx, pubIPDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"public IP", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go publicIPLooper.Run(pubIPCtx, pubIPDone)
-	otherGroupHandler.Add(pubIPHandler)
-
-	pubIPTickerHandler, pubIPTickerCtx, pubIPTickerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"public IP", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go publicIPLooper.RunRestartTicker(pubIPTickerCtx, pubIPTickerDone)
-	tickersGroupHandler.Add(pubIPTickerHandler)
-
-	updaterLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("updater"))
-
-	unzipper := unzip.New(httpClient)
-	parallelResolver := resolver.NewParallelResolver(allSettings.Updater.DNSAddress)
-	openvpnFileExtractor := extract.New()
-	providers := provider.NewProviders(storage, time.Now, updaterLogger,
-		httpClient, unzipper, parallelResolver, ipFetcher, openvpnFileExtractor)
-
-	vpnLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("vpn"))
-	vpnLooper := vpn.NewLoop(allSettings.VPN, allSettings.Firewall.VPNInputPorts,
-		providers, storage, ovpnConf, netLinker, firewallConf, routingConf, portForwardLooper,
-		cmder, publicIPLooper, unboundLooper, vpnLogger, httpClient,
-		buildInfo, *allSettings.Version.Enabled)
-	vpnHandler, vpnCtx, vpnDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"vpn", goroutine.OptionTimeout(time.Second))
-	go vpnLooper.Run(vpnCtx, vpnDone)
-
-	updaterLooper := updater.NewLoop(allSettings.Updater,
-		providers, storage, httpClient, updaterLogger)
+	updaterLooper := updater.NewLooper(allSettings.Updater,
+		allServers, storage, openvpnLooper.SetServers, httpClient,
+		logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "updater: "}))
 	updaterHandler, updaterCtx, updaterDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"updater", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
+		"updater", defaultGoRoutineSettings)
 	// wait for updaterLooper.Restart() or its ticket launched with RunRestartTicker
 	go updaterLooper.Run(updaterCtx, updaterDone)
 	tickersGroupHandler.Add(updaterHandler)

-	updaterTickerHandler, updaterTickerCtx, updaterTickerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"updater ticker", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go updaterLooper.RunRestartTicker(updaterTickerCtx, updaterTickerDone)
-	controlGroupHandler.Add(updaterTickerHandler)
+	unboundLogger := logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "dns over tls: "})
+	unboundLooper := dns.NewLooper(dnsConf, allSettings.DNS, httpClient,
+		unboundLogger, os.OpenFile)
+	dnsHandler, dnsCtx, dnsDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
+		"unbound", defaultGoRoutineSettings)
+	// wait for unboundLooper.Restart or its ticker launched with RunRestartTicker
+	go unboundLooper.Run(dnsCtx, dnsDone)
+	otherGroupHandler.Add(dnsHandler)

-	httpProxyLooper := httpproxy.NewLoop(
-		logger.New(log.SetComponent("http proxy")),
+	publicIPLooper := publicip.NewLooper(httpClient,
+		logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "ip getter: "}),
+		allSettings.PublicIP, puid, pgid, os)
+	pubIPHandler, pubIPCtx, pubIPDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
+		"public IP", defaultGoRoutineSettings)
+	go publicIPLooper.Run(pubIPCtx, pubIPDone)
+	otherGroupHandler.Add(pubIPHandler)
+
+	pubIPTickerHandler, pubIPTickerCtx, pubIPTickerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
+		"public IP", defaultGoRoutineSettings)
+	go publicIPLooper.RunRestartTicker(pubIPTickerCtx, pubIPTickerDone)
+	tickersGroupHandler.Add(pubIPTickerHandler)
+
+	httpProxyLooper := httpproxy.NewLooper(
+		logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "http proxy: "}),
 		allSettings.HTTPProxy)
 	httpProxyHandler, httpProxyCtx, httpProxyDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"http proxy", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
+		"http proxy", defaultGoRoutineSettings)
 	go httpProxyLooper.Run(httpProxyCtx, httpProxyDone)
 	otherGroupHandler.Add(httpProxyHandler)

-	shadowsocksLooper := shadowsocks.NewLoop(allSettings.Shadowsocks,
-		logger.New(log.SetComponent("shadowsocks")))
+	shadowsocksLooper := shadowsocks.NewLooper(allSettings.ShadowSocks,
+		logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "shadowsocks: "}))
 	shadowsocksHandler, shadowsocksCtx, shadowsocksDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"shadowsocks proxy", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
+		"shadowsocks proxy", defaultGoRoutineSettings)
 	go shadowsocksLooper.Run(shadowsocksCtx, shadowsocksDone)
 	otherGroupHandler.Add(shadowsocksHandler)

-	controlServerAddress := *allSettings.ControlServer.Address
-	controlServerLogging := *allSettings.ControlServer.Log
+	eventsRoutingHandler, eventsRoutingCtx, eventsRoutingDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
+		"events routing", defaultGoRoutineSettings)
+	go routeReadyEvents(eventsRoutingCtx, eventsRoutingDone, buildInfo, tunnelReadyCh,
+		unboundLooper, updaterLooper, publicIPLooper, routingConf, logger, httpClient,
+		allSettings.VersionInformation, allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.PortForwarding.Enabled, openvpnLooper.PortForward,
+	)
+	controlGroupHandler.Add(eventsRoutingHandler)
+
+	controlServerAddress := ":" + strconv.Itoa(int(allSettings.ControlServer.Port))
+	controlServerLogging := allSettings.ControlServer.Log
+	httpServer := server.New(controlServerAddress, controlServerLogging,
+		logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "http server: "}),
+		buildInfo, openvpnLooper, unboundLooper, updaterLooper, publicIPLooper)
 	httpServerHandler, httpServerCtx, httpServerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"http server", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	httpServer, err := server.New(httpServerCtx, controlServerAddress, controlServerLogging,
-		logger.New(log.SetComponent("http server")),
-		buildInfo, vpnLooper, portForwardLooper, unboundLooper, updaterLooper, publicIPLooper)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot setup control server: %w", err)
-	}
-	httpServerReady := make(chan struct{})
-	go httpServer.Run(httpServerCtx, httpServerReady, httpServerDone)
-	<-httpServerReady
+		"http server", defaultGoRoutineSettings)
+	go httpServer.Run(httpServerCtx, httpServerDone)
 	controlGroupHandler.Add(httpServerHandler)

-	healthLogger := logger.New(log.SetComponent("healthcheck"))
-	healthcheckServer := healthcheck.NewServer(allSettings.Health, healthLogger, vpnLooper)
+	healthcheckServer := healthcheck.NewServer(constants.HealthcheckAddress,
+		logger.NewChild(logging.Settings{Prefix: "healthcheck: "}))
 	healthServerHandler, healthServerCtx, healthServerDone := goshutdown.NewGoRoutineHandler(
-		"HTTP health server", goroutine.OptionTimeout(defaultShutdownTimeout))
-	go healthcheckServer.Run(healthServerCtx, healthServerDone)
+		"HTTP health server", defaultGoRoutineSettings)
+	go healthcheckServer.Run(healthServerCtx, healthy, healthServerDone)

-	orderHandler := goshutdown.NewOrderHandler("gluetun",
-		order.OptionTimeout(totalShutdownTimeout),
-		order.OptionOnSuccess(defaultShutdownOnSuccess),
-		order.OptionOnFailure(defaultShutdownOnFailure))
+	const orderShutdownTimeout = 3 * time.Second
+	orderSettings := goshutdown.OrderSettings{
+		Timeout:   orderShutdownTimeout,
+		OnFailure: defaultShutdownOnFailure,
+		OnSuccess: defaultShutdownOnSuccess,
+	}
+	orderHandler := goshutdown.NewOrder("gluetun", orderSettings)
 	orderHandler.Append(controlGroupHandler, tickersGroupHandler, healthServerHandler,
-		vpnHandler, portForwardHandler, otherGroupHandler)
+		openvpnHandler, otherGroupHandler)

-	// Start VPN for the first time in a blocking call
-	// until the VPN is launched
-	_, _ = vpnLooper.ApplyStatus(ctx, constants.Running) // TODO option to disable with variable
+	// Start openvpn for the first time in a blocking call
+	// until openvpn is launched
+	_, _ = openvpnLooper.SetStatus(constants.Running) // TODO option to disable with variable

 	<-ctx.Done()

+	if allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.PortForwarding.Enabled {
+		logger.Info("Clearing forwarded port status file %s", allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.PortForwarding.Filepath)
+		if err := os.Remove(allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.PortForwarding.Filepath); err != nil {
+			logger.Error(err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return orderHandler.Shutdown(context.Background())
 }

@@ -467,11 +404,7 @@ type printVersionElement struct {
 	getVersion func(ctx context.Context) (version string, err error)
 }

-type infoer interface {
-	Info(s string)
-}
-
-func printVersions(ctx context.Context, logger infoer,
+func printVersions(ctx context.Context, logger logging.Logger,
 	elements []printVersionElement) (err error) {
 	const timeout = 5 * time.Second
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
@@ -488,37 +421,76 @@ func printVersions(ctx context.Context, logger infoer,
 	return nil
 }

-type netLinker interface {
-	AddrList(link netlink.Link, family int) (
-		addresses []netlink.Addr, err error)
-	AddrAdd(link netlink.Link, addr *netlink.Addr) error
-	IsWireguardSupported() (ok bool, err error)
-	RouteList(link netlink.Link, family int) (
-		routes []netlink.Route, err error)
-	RouteAdd(route *netlink.Route) error
-	RouteDel(route *netlink.Route) error
-	RouteReplace(route *netlink.Route) error
-	RuleList(family int) (rules []netlink.Rule, err error)
-	RuleAdd(rule *netlink.Rule) error
-	RuleDel(rule *netlink.Rule) error
-	LinkList() (links []netlink.Link, err error)
-	LinkByName(name string) (link netlink.Link, err error)
-	LinkByIndex(index int) (link netlink.Link, err error)
-	LinkAdd(link netlink.Link) (err error)
-	LinkDel(link netlink.Link) (err error)
-	LinkSetUp(link netlink.Link) (err error)
-	LinkSetDown(link netlink.Link) (err error)
-}
+func routeReadyEvents(ctx context.Context, done chan<- struct{}, buildInfo models.BuildInformation,
+	tunnelReadyCh <-chan struct{},
+	unboundLooper dns.Looper, updaterLooper updater.Looper, publicIPLooper publicip.Looper,
+	routing routing.Routing, logger logging.Logger, httpClient *http.Client,
+	versionInformation, portForwardingEnabled bool, startPortForward func(vpnGateway net.IP)) {
+	defer close(done)

-type clier interface {
-	ClientKey(args []string) error
-	FormatServers(args []string) error
-	OpenvpnConfig(logger cli.OpenvpnConfigLogger, source sources.Source) error
-	HealthCheck(ctx context.Context, source sources.Source, warner cli.Warner) error
-	Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, logger cli.UpdaterLogger) error
-}
+	// for linters only
+	var restartTickerContext context.Context
+	var restartTickerCancel context.CancelFunc = func() {}

-type Tun interface {
-	Check(tunDevice string) error
-	Create(tunDevice string) error
+	unboundTickerDone := make(chan struct{})
+	close(unboundTickerDone)
+	updaterTickerDone := make(chan struct{})
+	close(updaterTickerDone)
+
+	first := true
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			restartTickerCancel() // for linters only
+			<-unboundTickerDone
+			<-updaterTickerDone
+			return
+		case <-tunnelReadyCh: // blocks until openvpn is connected
+			vpnDestination, err := routing.VPNDestinationIP()
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.Warn(err)
+			} else {
+				logger.Info("VPN routing IP address: %s", vpnDestination)
+			}
+
+			if unboundLooper.GetSettings().Enabled {
+				_, _ = unboundLooper.SetStatus(constants.Running)
+			}
+
+			restartTickerCancel() // stop previous restart tickers
+			<-unboundTickerDone
+			<-updaterTickerDone
+			restartTickerContext, restartTickerCancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+
+			// Runs the Public IP getter job once
+			_, _ = publicIPLooper.SetStatus(constants.Running)
+			if !versionInformation {
+				break
+			}
+
+			if first {
+				first = false
+				message, err := versionpkg.GetMessage(ctx, buildInfo, httpClient)
+				if err != nil {
+					logger.Error("cannot get version information: " + err.Error())
+				} else {
+					logger.Info(message)
+				}
+			}
+
+			unboundTickerDone = make(chan struct{})
+			updaterTickerDone = make(chan struct{})
+			go unboundLooper.RunRestartTicker(restartTickerContext, unboundTickerDone)
+			go updaterLooper.RunRestartTicker(restartTickerContext, updaterTickerDone)
+			if portForwardingEnabled {
+				// vpnGateway required only for PIA
+				vpnGateway, err := routing.VPNLocalGatewayIP()
+				if err != nil {
+					logger.Error(err)
+				}
+				logger.Info("VPN gateway IP address: %s", vpnGateway)
+				startPortForward(vpnGateway)
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+version: "3.7"
+services:
+  gluetun:
+    image: qmcgaw/gluetun
+    container_name: gluetun
+    cap_add:
+      - NET_ADMIN
+    network_mode: bridge
+    ports:
+      - 8888:8888/tcp # HTTP proxy
+      - 8388:8388/tcp # Shadowsocks
+      - 8388:8388/udp # Shadowsocks
+      - 8000:8000/tcp # Built-in HTTP control server
+    # command:
+    volumes:
+      - /yourpath:/gluetun
+    environment:
+      # More variables are available, see the readme table
+      - OPENVPN_USER=
+      - OPENVPN_PASSWORD=
+      - VPNSP=private internet access
+      # Timezone for accurate logs times
+      - TZ=
+    restart: always
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,45 +1,17 @@
 module github.com/qdm12/gluetun

-go 1.17
+go 1.16

 require (
-	github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.2.3
-	github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.12.0
 	github.com/golang/mock v1.6.0
-	github.com/qdm12/dns v1.11.0
-	github.com/qdm12/golibs v0.0.0-20210822203818-5c568b0777b6
-	github.com/qdm12/goshutdown v0.3.0
-	github.com/qdm12/gosplash v0.1.0
-	github.com/qdm12/gotree v0.2.0
-	github.com/qdm12/govalid v0.1.0
-	github.com/qdm12/log v0.1.0
-	github.com/qdm12/ss-server v0.4.0
+	github.com/qdm12/dns v1.8.0
+	github.com/qdm12/golibs v0.0.0-20210603202746-e5494e9c2ebb
+	github.com/qdm12/goshutdown v0.1.0
+	github.com/qdm12/ss-server v0.2.0
 	github.com/qdm12/updated v0.0.0-20210603204757-205acfe6937e
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.2
-	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.1.1-0.20211129163951-9ada19101fc5
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210630005230-0f9fa26af87c
-	golang.org/x/text v0.3.7
-	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20210805125648-3957e9b9dd19
-	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20210803171230-4253848d036c
-	inet.af/netaddr v0.0.0-20210718074554-06ca8145d722
-)
-
-require (
-	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5 // indirect
-	github.com/josharian/native v0.0.0-20200817173448-b6b71def0850 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.9 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.14 // indirect
-	github.com/mdlayher/genetlink v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.40 // indirect
-	github.com/mr-tron/base58 v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/riobard/go-bloom v0.0.0-20200614022211-cdc8013cb5b3 // indirect
-	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.0-20200728191858-db3c7e526aae // indirect
-	go4.org/intern v0.0.0-20210108033219-3eb7198706b2 // indirect
-	go4.org/unsafe/assume-no-moving-gc v0.0.0-20220617031537-928513b29760 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210711020723-a769d52b0f97 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210504132125-bbd867fde50d // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0
+	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.1.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210514084401-e8d321eab015
+	inet.af/netaddr v0.0.0-20210511181906-37180328850c
 )
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ github.com/alcortesm/tgz v0.0.0-20161220082320-9c5fe88206d7/go.mod h1:6zEj6s6u/g
 github.com/anmitsu/go-shlex v0.0.0-20161002113705-648efa622239/go.mod h1:2FmKhYUyUczH0OGQWaF5ceTx0UBShxjsH6f8oGKYe2c=
 github.com/armon/go-socks5 v0.0.0-20160902184237-e75332964ef5/go.mod h1:wHh0iHkYZB8zMSxRWpUBQtwG5a7fFgvEO+odwuTv2gs=
 github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20180720115003-f9ffefc3facf/go.mod h1:lB+ZfQJz7igIIfQNfa7Ml4HSf2uFQQRzpGGRXenZAgY=
-github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.2.3 h1:1vkYjKOiHVSyuz9Ue4AOrViEvUm8gk8phTg0vbcuU0A=
-github.com/breml/rootcerts v0.2.3/go.mod h1:24FDtzYMpqIeYC7QzaE8VPRQaFZU5TIUDlyk8qwjD88=
 github.com/creack/pty v1.1.7/go.mod h1:lj5s0c3V2DBrqTV7llrYr5NG6My20zk30Fl46Y7DoTY=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
@@ -13,9 +11,8 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSs
 github.com/docker/go-units v0.3.3/go.mod h1:fgPhTUdO+D/Jk86RDLlptpiXQzgHJF7gydDDbaIK4Dk=
 github.com/dvyukov/go-fuzz v0.0.0-20210103155950-6a8e9d1f2415/go.mod h1:11Gm+ccJnvAhCNLlf5+cS9KjtbaD5I5zaZpFMsTHWTw=
 github.com/emirpasic/gods v1.12.0/go.mod h1:YfzfFFoVP/catgzJb4IKIqXjX78Ha8FMSDh3ymbK86o=
+github.com/fatih/color v1.12.0 h1:mRhaKNwANqRgUBGKmnI5ZxEk7QXmjQeCcuYFMX2bfcc=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.12.0/go.mod h1:ELkj/draVOlAH/xkhN6mQ50Qd0MPOk5AAr3maGEBuJM=
-github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0 h1:8LOYc1KYPPmyKMuN8QV2DNRWNbLo6LZ0iLs8+mlH53w=
-github.com/fatih/color v1.13.0/go.mod h1:kLAiJbzzSOZDVNGyDpeOxJ47H46qBXwg5ILebYFFOfk=
 github.com/flynn/go-shlex v0.0.0-20150515145356-3f9db97f8568/go.mod h1:xEzjJPgXI435gkrCt3MPfRiAkVrwSbHsst4LCFVfpJc=
 github.com/gliderlabs/ssh v0.2.2/go.mod h1:U7qILu1NlMHj9FlMhZLlkCdDnU1DBEAqr0aevW3Awn0=
 github.com/globalsign/mgo v0.0.0-20180905125535-1ca0a4f7cbcb/go.mod h1:xkRDCp4j0OGD1HRkm4kmhM+pmpv3AKq5SU7GMg4oO/Q=
@@ -36,28 +33,11 @@ github.com/golang/mock v1.5.0/go.mod h1:CWnOUgYIOo4TcNZ0wHX3YZCqsaM1I1Jvs6v3mP3K
 github.com/golang/mock v1.6.0 h1:ErTB+efbowRARo13NNdxyJji2egdxLGQhRaY+DUumQc=
 github.com/golang/mock v1.6.0/go.mod h1:p6yTPP+5HYm5mzsMV8JkE6ZKdX+/wYM6Hr+LicevLPs=
 github.com/gomodule/redigo v2.0.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:B4C85qUVwatsJoIUNIfCRsp7qO0iAmpGFZ4EELWSbC4=
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@@ -101,24 +63,14 @@ github.com/phayes/permbits v0.0.0-20190612203442-39d7c581d2ee/go.mod h1:3uODdxMg
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@@ -145,87 +95,50 @@ github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.3.5/go.mod h1:mwnBkeHKe2W/ZEtQ+71ViKU8L12m81fl3OWwC1
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 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210405180319-a5a99cb37ef4/go.mod h1:p54w0d4576C0XHj96bSt6lcn1PtDYWL6XObtHCRCNQM=
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 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c h1:5KslGYwFpkhGh+Q16bwMP3cOontH8FOep7tGV86Y7SQ=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190221075227-b4e8571b14e0/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
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 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
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 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190726091711-fc99dfbffb4e/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
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 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190924154521-2837fb4f24fe/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
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 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200116001909-b77594299b42/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
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 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200223170610-d5e6a3e2c0ae/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
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 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
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 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
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 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210119212857-b64e53b001e4/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
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 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210330210617-4fbd30eecc44/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
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-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210503173754-0981d6026fa6/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210510120138-977fb7262007/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210630005230-0f9fa26af87c h1:F1jZWGFhYfh0Ci55sIpILtKKK8p3i2/krTr0H1rg74I=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210630005230-0f9fa26af87c/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201117132131-f5c789dd3221/go.mod h1:Nr5EML6q2oocZ2LXRh80K7BxOlk5/8JxuGnuhpl+muw=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210514084401-e8d321eab015 h1:hZR0X1kPW+nwyJ9xRxqZk1vx5RUObAPBdKVvXPDUH/E=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210514084401-e8d321eab015/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 h1:olpwvP2KacW1ZWvsR7uQhoyTYvKAupfQrRGBFM352Gk=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190729092621-ff9f1409240a/go.mod h1:jcCCGcm9btYwXyDqrUWc6MKQKKGJCWEQ3AfLSRIbEuI=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
@@ -234,14 +147,7 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.1.0/go.mod h1:xkSsbof2nBLbhDlRMhhhyNLN/zl3eTqcnHD5viDpcZ0=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.1.1/go.mod h1:o0xws9oXOQQZyjljx8fwUC0k7L1pTE6eaCbjGeHmOkk=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1 h1:go1bK/D/BFZV2I8cIQd1NKEZ+0owSTG1fDTci4IqFcE=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20210427022245-097af6e1351b/go.mod h1:a057zjmoc00UN7gVkaJt2sXVK523kMJcogDTEvPIasg=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20210805125648-3957e9b9dd19 h1:ab2jcw2W91Rz07eHAb8Lic7sFQKO0NhBftjv6m/gL/0=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20210805125648-3957e9b9dd19/go.mod h1:laHzsbfMhGSobUmruXWAyMKKHSqvIcrqZJMyHD+/3O8=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20210803171230-4253848d036c h1:ADNrRDI5NR23/TUCnEmlLZLt4u9DnZ2nwRkPrAcFvto=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20210803171230-4253848d036c/go.mod h1:+1XihzyZUBJcSc5WO9SwNA7v26puQwOEDwanaxfNXPQ=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127 h1:qIbj1fsPNlZgppZ+VLlY7N33q108Sa+fhmuc+sWQYwY=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20180628173108-788fd7840127/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
@@ -251,9 +157,7 @@ gopkg.in/src-d/go-git.v4 v4.13.1/go.mod h1:nx5NYcxdKxq5fpltdHnPa2Exj4Sx0EclMWZQb
 gopkg.in/warnings.v0 v0.1.2/go.mod h1:jksf8JmL6Qr/oQM2OXTHunEvvTAsrWBLb6OOjuVWRNI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.1/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c h1:dUUwHk2QECo/6vqA44rthZ8ie2QXMNeKRTHCNY2nXvo=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
+inet.af/netaddr v0.0.0-20210511181906-37180328850c h1:rzDy/tC8LjEdN94+i0Bu22tTo/qE9cvhKyfD0HMU0NU=
 inet.af/netaddr v0.0.0-20210511181906-37180328850c/go.mod h1:z0nx+Dh+7N7CC8V5ayHtHGpZpxLQZZxkIaaz6HN65Ls=
-inet.af/netaddr v0.0.0-20210718074554-06ca8145d722 h1:Qws2rZnQudC58cIagVucPQDLmMi3kAXgxscsgD0v6DU=
-inet.af/netaddr v0.0.0-20210718074554-06ca8145d722/go.mod h1:z0nx+Dh+7N7CC8V5ayHtHGpZpxLQZZxkIaaz6HN65Ls=
--- a/internal/alpine/alpine.go
+++ b/internal/alpine/alpine.go
@@ -1,21 +1,26 @@
+// Package alpine defines a configurator to interact with the Alpine operating system.
 package alpine

 import (
-	"os/user"
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os/user"
 )

-type Alpine struct {
-	alpineReleasePath string
-	passwdPath        string
-	lookupID          func(uid string) (*user.User, error)
-	lookup            func(username string) (*user.User, error)
+type Configurator interface {
+	CreateUser(username string, uid int) (createdUsername string, err error)
+	Version(ctx context.Context) (version string, err error)
 }

-func New() *Alpine {
-	return &Alpine{
-		alpineReleasePath: "/etc/alpine-release",
-		passwdPath:        "/etc/passwd",
-		lookupID:          user.LookupId,
-		lookup:            user.Lookup,
+type configurator struct {
+	openFile os.OpenFileFunc
+	osUser   user.OSUser
+}
+
+func NewConfigurator(openFile os.OpenFileFunc, osUser user.OSUser) Configurator {
+	return &configurator{
+		openFile: openFile,
+		osUser:   osUser,
 	}
 }
--- a/internal/alpine/users.go
+++ b/internal/alpine/users.go
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ var (
 )

 // CreateUser creates a user in Alpine with the given UID.
-func (a *Alpine) CreateUser(username string, uid int) (createdUsername string, err error) {
+func (c *configurator) CreateUser(username string, uid int) (createdUsername string, err error) {
 	UIDStr := strconv.Itoa(uid)
-	u, err := a.lookupID(UIDStr)
+	u, err := c.osUser.LookupID(UIDStr)
 	_, unknownUID := err.(user.UnknownUserIdError)
 	if err != nil && !unknownUID {
 		return "", err
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func (a *Alpine) CreateUser(username string, uid int) (createdUsername string, e
 		return u.Username, nil
 	}

-	u, err = a.lookup(username)
+	u, err = c.osUser.Lookup(username)
 	_, unknownUsername := err.(user.UnknownUserError)
 	if err != nil && !unknownUsername {
 		return "", err
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func (a *Alpine) CreateUser(username string, uid int) (createdUsername string, e
 			ErrUserAlreadyExists, username, u.Uid, uid)
 	}

-	file, err := os.OpenFile(a.passwdPath, os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
+	file, err := c.openFile("/etc/passwd", os.O_APPEND|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
--- a/internal/alpine/version.go
+++ b/internal/alpine/version.go
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 )

-func (a *Alpine) Version(ctx context.Context) (version string, err error) {
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(a.alpineReleasePath, os.O_RDONLY, 0)
+func (c *configurator) Version(ctx context.Context) (version string, err error) {
+	file, err := c.openFile("/etc/alpine-release", os.O_RDONLY, 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
--- a/internal/cli/ci.go
+++ b/internal/cli/ci.go
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ package cli

 import "context"

-func (c *CLI) CI(context context.Context) error {
+func (c *cli) CI(context context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
--- a/internal/cli/cli.go
+++ b/internal/cli/cli.go
@@ -1,11 +1,22 @@
+// Package cli defines an interface CLI to run command line operations.
 package cli

-type CLI struct {
-	repoServersPath string
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os"
+)
+
+type CLI interface {
+	ClientKey(args []string, openFile os.OpenFileFunc) error
+	HealthCheck(ctx context.Context) error
+	OpenvpnConfig(os os.OS, logger logging.Logger) error
+	Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, os os.OS, logger logging.Logger) error
 }

-func New() *CLI {
-	return &CLI{
-		repoServersPath: "./internal/storage/servers.json",
-	}
+type cli struct{}
+
+func New() CLI {
+	return &cli{}
 }
--- a/internal/cli/clientkey.go
+++ b/internal/cli/clientkey.go
@@ -4,19 +4,19 @@ import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"os"
 	"strings"

-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources/files"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os"
 )

-func (c *CLI) ClientKey(args []string) error {
+func (c *cli) ClientKey(args []string, openFile os.OpenFileFunc) error {
 	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("clientkey", flag.ExitOnError)
-	filepath := flagSet.String("path", files.OpenVPNClientKeyPath, "file path to the client.key file")
+	filepath := flagSet.String("path", constants.ClientKey, "file path to the client.key file")
 	if err := flagSet.Parse(args); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(*filepath, os.O_RDONLY, 0)
+	file, err := openFile(*filepath, os.O_RDONLY, 0)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/internal/cli/formatservers.go
+++ b/internal/cli/formatservers.go
@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/providers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/storage"
-	"golang.org/x/text/cases"
-	"golang.org/x/text/language"
-)
-
-var (
-	ErrFormatNotRecognized       = errors.New("format is not recognized")
-	ErrProviderUnspecified       = errors.New("VPN provider to format was not specified")
-	ErrMultipleProvidersToFormat = errors.New("more than one VPN provider to format were specified")
-)
-
-func addProviderFlag(flagSet *flag.FlagSet, providerToFormat map[string]*bool,
-	provider string, titleCaser cases.Caser) {
-	boolPtr, ok := providerToFormat[provider]
-	if !ok {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("unknown provider in format map: %s", provider))
-	}
-	flagSet.BoolVar(boolPtr, provider, false, "Format "+titleCaser.String(provider)+" servers")
-}
-
-func (c *CLI) FormatServers(args []string) error {
-	var format, output string
-	allProviders := providers.All()
-	providersToFormat := make(map[string]*bool, len(allProviders))
-	for _, provider := range allProviders {
-		providersToFormat[provider] = new(bool)
-	}
-	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("markdown", flag.ExitOnError)
-	flagSet.StringVar(&format, "format", "markdown", "Format to use which can be: 'markdown'")
-	flagSet.StringVar(&output, "output", "/dev/stdout", "Output file to write the formatted data to")
-	titleCaser := cases.Title(language.English)
-	for _, provider := range allProviders {
-		addProviderFlag(flagSet, providersToFormat, provider, titleCaser)
-	}
-	if err := flagSet.Parse(args); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if format != "markdown" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrFormatNotRecognized, format)
-	}
-
-	// Verify only one provider is set to be formatted.
-	var providers []string
-	for provider, formatPtr := range providersToFormat {
-		if *formatPtr {
-			providers = append(providers, provider)
-		}
-	}
-	switch len(providers) {
-	case 0:
-		return ErrProviderUnspecified
-	case 1:
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d specified: %s",
-			ErrMultipleProvidersToFormat, len(providers),
-			strings.Join(providers, ", "))
-	}
-	providerToFormat := providers[0]
-
-	logger := newNoopLogger()
-	storage, err := storage.New(logger, constants.ServersData)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot create servers storage: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	formatted := storage.FormatToMarkdown(providerToFormat)
-
-	output = filepath.Clean(output)
-	file, err := os.OpenFile(output, os.O_TRUNC|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE, 0644)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot open output file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	_, err = fmt.Fprint(file, formatted)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = file.Close()
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot write to output file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = file.Close()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot close output file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/cli/healthcheck.go
+++ b/internal/cli/healthcheck.go
@@ -2,37 +2,19 @@ package cli

 import (
 	"context"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/healthcheck"
 )

-func (c *CLI) HealthCheck(ctx context.Context, source sources.Source, warner Warner) error {
-	// Extract the health server port from the configuration.
-	config, err := source.ReadHealth()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = config.Validate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	_, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(config.ServerAddress)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
+func (c *cli) HealthCheck(ctx context.Context) error {
 	const timeout = 10 * time.Second
 	httpClient := &http.Client{Timeout: timeout}
-	client := healthcheck.NewClient(httpClient)
+	healthchecker := healthcheck.NewChecker(httpClient)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
 	defer cancel()
-
-	url := "http://127.0.0.1:" + port
-	return client.Check(ctx, url)
+	const url = "http://" + constants.HealthcheckAddress
+	return healthchecker.Check(ctx, url)
 }
--- a/internal/cli/nooplogger.go
+++ b/internal/cli/nooplogger.go
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import "github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
-
-type noopLogger struct{}
-
-func newNoopLogger() *noopLogger {
-	return new(noopLogger)
-}
-
-func (l *noopLogger) Debug(s string)                 {}
-func (l *noopLogger) Info(s string)                  {}
-func (l *noopLogger) Warn(s string)                  {}
-func (l *noopLogger) Error(s string)                 {}
-func (l *noopLogger) PatchLevel(level logging.Level) {}
-func (l *noopLogger) PatchPrefix(prefix string)      {}
--- a/internal/cli/openvpnconfig.go
+++ b/internal/cli/openvpnconfig.go
@@ -1,74 +1,36 @@
 package cli

 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/sources"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/openvpn/extract"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/publicip/ipinfo"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/storage"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater/resolver"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
 )

-type OpenvpnConfigLogger interface {
-	Info(s string)
-	Warn(s string)
-}
-
-type Unzipper interface {
-	FetchAndExtract(ctx context.Context, url string) (
-		contents map[string][]byte, err error)
-}
-
-type ParallelResolver interface {
-	Resolve(ctx context.Context, settings resolver.ParallelSettings) (
-		hostToIPs map[string][]net.IP, warnings []string, err error)
-}
-
-type IPFetcher interface {
-	FetchMultiInfo(ctx context.Context, ips []net.IP) (data []ipinfo.Response, err error)
-}
-
-func (c *CLI) OpenvpnConfig(logger OpenvpnConfigLogger, source sources.Source) error {
-	storage, err := storage.New(logger, constants.ServersData)
+func (c *cli) OpenvpnConfig(os os.OS, logger logging.Logger) error {
+	var allSettings configuration.Settings
+	err := allSettings.Read(params.NewEnv(), os, logger)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	allSettings, err := source.Read()
+	allServers, err := storage.New(logger, os, constants.ServersData).
+		SyncServers(constants.GetAllServers())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	if err = allSettings.Validate(storage); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Unused by this CLI command
-	unzipper := (Unzipper)(nil)
-	client := (*http.Client)(nil)
-	warner := (Warner)(nil)
-	parallelResolver := (ParallelResolver)(nil)
-	ipFetcher := (IPFetcher)(nil)
-	openvpnFileExtractor := extract.New()
-
-	providers := provider.NewProviders(storage, time.Now, warner, client,
-		unzipper, parallelResolver, ipFetcher, openvpnFileExtractor)
-	providerConf := providers.Get(*allSettings.VPN.Provider.Name)
-	connection, err := providerConf.GetConnection(allSettings.VPN.Provider.ServerSelection)
+	providerConf := provider.New(allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.Name, allServers, time.Now)
+	connection, err := providerConf.GetOpenVPNConnection(allSettings.OpenVPN.Provider.ServerSelection)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	lines := providerConf.OpenVPNConfig(connection, allSettings.VPN.OpenVPN)
-
+	lines := providerConf.BuildConf(connection, "nonroortuser", allSettings.OpenVPN)
 	fmt.Println(strings.Join(lines, "\n"))
 	return nil
 }
--- a/internal/cli/update.go
+++ b/internal/cli/update.go
@@ -6,95 +6,69 @@ import (
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
-	"strings"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/providers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/openvpn/extract"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/publicip/ipinfo"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/storage"
 	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater/resolver"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/updater/unzip"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os"
 )

 var (
-	ErrModeUnspecified     = errors.New("at least one of -enduser or -maintainer must be specified")
-	ErrNoProviderSpecified = errors.New("no provider was specified")
+	ErrNoFileOrStdoutFlag      = errors.New("at least one of -file or -stdout must be specified")
+	ErrSyncServers             = errors.New("cannot sync hardcoded and persisted servers")
+	ErrUpdateServerInformation = errors.New("cannot update server information")
+	ErrWriteToFile             = errors.New("cannot write updated information to file")
 )

-type UpdaterLogger interface {
-	Info(s string)
-	Warn(s string)
-	Error(s string)
-}
-
-func (c *CLI) Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, logger UpdaterLogger) error {
-	options := settings.Updater{}
-	var endUserMode, maintainerMode, updateAll bool
-	var csvProviders string
+func (c *cli) Update(ctx context.Context, args []string, os os.OS, logger logging.Logger) error {
+	options := configuration.Updater{CLI: true}
+	var flushToFile bool
 	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("update", flag.ExitOnError)
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&endUserMode, "enduser", false, "Write results to /gluetun/servers.json (for end users)")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&maintainerMode, "maintainer", false,
-		"Write results to ./internal/storage/servers.json to modify the program (for maintainers)")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&flushToFile, "file", false, "Write results to /gluetun/servers.json (for end users)")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Stdout, "stdout", false, "Write results to console to modify the program (for maintainers)")
 	flagSet.StringVar(&options.DNSAddress, "dns", "8.8.8.8", "DNS resolver address to use")
-	const defaultMinRatio = 0.8
-	flagSet.Float64Var(&options.MinRatio, "minratio", defaultMinRatio,
-		"Minimum ratio of servers to find for the update to succeed")
-	flagSet.BoolVar(&updateAll, "all", false, "Update servers for all VPN providers")
-	flagSet.StringVar(&csvProviders, "providers", "", "CSV string of VPN providers to update server data for")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Cyberghost, "cyberghost", false, "Update Cyberghost servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Fastestvpn, "fastestvpn", false, "Update FastestVPN servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.HideMyAss, "hidemyass", false, "Update HideMyAss servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Ipvanish, "ipvanish", false, "Update IpVanish servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Ivpn, "ivpn", false, "Update IVPN servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Mullvad, "mullvad", false, "Update Mullvad servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Nordvpn, "nordvpn", false, "Update Nordvpn servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.PIA, "pia", false, "Update Private Internet Access post-summer 2020 servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Privado, "privado", false, "Update Privado servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Privatevpn, "privatevpn", false, "Update Private VPN servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Protonvpn, "protonvpn", false, "Update Protonvpn servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Purevpn, "purevpn", false, "Update Purevpn servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Surfshark, "surfshark", false, "Update Surfshark servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Torguard, "torguard", false, "Update Torguard servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.VPNUnlimited, "vpnunlimited", false, "Update VPN Unlimited servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Vyprvpn, "vyprvpn", false, "Update Vyprvpn servers")
+	flagSet.BoolVar(&options.Windscribe, "windscribe", false, "Update Windscribe servers")
 	if err := flagSet.Parse(args); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	if !endUserMode && !maintainerMode {
-		return ErrModeUnspecified
-	}
-
-	if updateAll {
-		options.Providers = providers.All()
-	} else {
-		if csvProviders == "" {
-			return ErrNoProviderSpecified
-		}
-		options.Providers = strings.Split(csvProviders, ",")
-	}
-
-	options.SetDefaults(options.Providers[0])
-
-	err := options.Validate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("options validation failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	storage, err := storage.New(logger, constants.ServersData)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot create servers storage: %w", err)
+	if !flushToFile && !options.Stdout {
+		return ErrNoFileOrStdoutFlag
 	}

 	const clientTimeout = 10 * time.Second
 	httpClient := &http.Client{Timeout: clientTimeout}
-	unzipper := unzip.New(httpClient)
-	parallelResolver := resolver.NewParallelResolver(options.DNSAddress)
-	ipFetcher := ipinfo.New(httpClient)
-	openvpnFileExtractor := extract.New()
-
-	providers := provider.NewProviders(storage, time.Now, logger, httpClient,
-		unzipper, parallelResolver, ipFetcher, openvpnFileExtractor)
-
-	updater := updater.New(httpClient, storage, providers, logger)
-	err = updater.UpdateServers(ctx, options.Providers, options.MinRatio)
+	storage := storage.New(logger, os, constants.ServersData)
+	currentServers, err := storage.SyncServers(constants.GetAllServers())
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot update server information: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrSyncServers, err)
 	}
-
-	if maintainerMode {
-		err := storage.FlushToFile(c.repoServersPath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("cannot write servers data to embedded JSON file: %w", err)
+	updater := updater.New(options, httpClient, currentServers, logger)
+	allServers, err := updater.UpdateServers(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrUpdateServerInformation, err)
+	}
+	if flushToFile {
+		if err := storage.FlushToFile(allServers); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrWriteToFile, err)
 		}
 	}

--- a/internal/cli/warner.go
+++ b/internal/cli/warner.go
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-type Warner interface {
-	Warn(s string)
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/configuration.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/configuration.go
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Package configuration reads initial settings from environment variables
+// and secret files.
+package configuration
--- a/internal/configuration/constants.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/constants.go
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package configuration
+
+const (
+	lastIndent = "|--"
+	indent     = "   "
+)
--- a/internal/configuration/cyberghost.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/cyberghost.go
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
+)
+
+func (settings *Provider) cyberghostLines() (lines []string) {
+	lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Server group: "+settings.ServerSelection.Group)
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Regions) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Regions: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Regions))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Hostnames: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames))
+	}
+
+	if settings.ExtraConfigOptions.ClientKey != "" {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Client key is set")
+	}
+
+	if settings.ExtraConfigOptions.ClientCertificate != "" {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Client certificate is set")
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+func (settings *Provider) readCyberghost(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.Name = constants.Cyberghost
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TCP, err = readProtocol(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TargetIP, err = readTargetIP(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ExtraConfigOptions.ClientKey, err = readClientKey(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ExtraConfigOptions.ClientCertificate, err = readClientCertificate(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Group, err = r.env.Inside("CYBERGHOST_GROUP",
+		constants.CyberghostGroupChoices(), params.Default("Premium UDP Europe"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Regions, err = r.env.CSVInside("REGION", constants.CyberghostRegionChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames, err = r.env.CSVInside("SERVER_HOSTNAME", constants.CyberghostHostnameChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/dns.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/dns.go
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/blacklist"
+	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/unbound"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
+)
+
+// DNS contains settings to configure Unbound for DNS over TLS operation.
+type DNS struct { //nolint:maligned
+	Enabled          bool
+	PlaintextAddress net.IP
+	KeepNameserver   bool
+	UpdatePeriod     time.Duration
+	Unbound          unbound.Settings
+	BlacklistBuild   blacklist.BuilderSettings
+}
+
+func (settings *DNS) String() string {
+	return strings.Join(settings.lines(), "\n")
+}
+
+func (settings *DNS) lines() (lines []string) {
+	lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"DNS:")
+
+	if settings.PlaintextAddress != nil {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Plaintext address: "+settings.PlaintextAddress.String())
+	}
+
+	if settings.KeepNameserver {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Keep nameserver (disabled blocking): yes")
+	}
+
+	if !settings.Enabled {
+		return lines
+	}
+
+	lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"DNS over TLS:")
+
+	lines = append(lines, indent+indent+lastIndent+"Unbound:")
+	for _, line := range settings.Unbound.Lines() {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+indent+indent+line)
+	}
+
+	lines = append(lines, indent+indent+lastIndent+"Blacklist:")
+	for _, line := range settings.BlacklistBuild.Lines(indent, lastIndent) {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+indent+indent+line)
+	}
+
+	if settings.UpdatePeriod > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+indent+lastIndent+"Update: every "+settings.UpdatePeriod.String())
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+var (
+	ErrUnboundSettings   = errors.New("failed getting Unbound settings")
+	ErrBlacklistSettings = errors.New("failed getting DNS blacklist settings")
+)
+
+func (settings *DNS) read(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.Enabled, err = r.env.OnOff("DOT", params.Default("on"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Plain DNS settings
+	if err := settings.readDNSPlaintext(r.env); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	settings.KeepNameserver, err = r.env.OnOff("DNS_KEEP_NAMESERVER", params.Default("off"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// DNS over TLS external settings
+	if err := settings.readBlacklistBuilding(r); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrBlacklistSettings, err)
+	}
+
+	settings.UpdatePeriod, err = r.env.Duration("DNS_UPDATE_PERIOD", params.Default("24h"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Unbound settings
+	if err := settings.readUnbound(r); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrUnboundSettings, err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+var (
+	ErrDNSAddressNotAnIP = errors.New("DNS plaintext address is not an IP address")
+)
+
+func (settings *DNS) readDNSPlaintext(env params.Env) error {
+	s, err := env.Get("DNS_PLAINTEXT_ADDRESS", params.Default("1.1.1.1"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.PlaintextAddress = net.ParseIP(s)
+	if settings.PlaintextAddress == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrDNSAddressNotAnIP, s)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/dns_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/dns_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/blacklist"
+	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/provider"
+	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/unbound"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func Test_DNS_Lines(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		settings DNS
+		lines    []string
+	}{
+		"disabled DOT": {
+			settings: DNS{
+				PlaintextAddress: net.IP{1, 1, 1, 1},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--DNS:",
+				"   |--Plaintext address: 1.1.1.1",
+			},
+		},
+		"enabled DOT": {
+			settings: DNS{
+				Enabled:        true,
+				KeepNameserver: true,
+				Unbound: unbound.Settings{
+					Providers: []provider.Provider{
+						provider.Cloudflare(),
+					},
+				},
+				BlacklistBuild: blacklist.BuilderSettings{
+					BlockMalicious:    true,
+					BlockAds:          true,
+					BlockSurveillance: true,
+				},
+				UpdatePeriod: time.Hour,
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--DNS:",
+				"   |--Keep nameserver (disabled blocking): yes",
+				"   |--DNS over TLS:",
+				"      |--Unbound:",
+				"          |--DNS over TLS providers:",
+				"              |--Cloudflare",
+				"          |--Listening port: 0",
+				"          |--Access control:",
+				"              |--Allowed:",
+				"          |--Caching: disabled",
+				"          |--IPv4 resolution: disabled",
+				"          |--IPv6 resolution: disabled",
+				"          |--Verbosity level: 0/5",
+				"          |--Verbosity details level: 0/4",
+				"          |--Validation log level: 0/2",
+				"          |--Username: ",
+				"      |--Blacklist:",
+				"         |--Blocked categories: malicious, surveillance, ads",
+				"      |--Update: every 1h0m0s",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			lines := testCase.settings.lines()
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.lines, lines)
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/dnsblacklist.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/dnsblacklist.go
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
+	"inet.af/netaddr"
+)
+
+func (settings *DNS) readBlacklistBuilding(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.BlacklistBuild.BlockMalicious, err = r.env.OnOff("BLOCK_MALICIOUS", params.Default("on"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.BlacklistBuild.BlockSurveillance, err = r.env.OnOff("BLOCK_SURVEILLANCE", params.Default("on"),
+		params.RetroKeys([]string{"BLOCK_NSA"}, r.onRetroActive))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.BlacklistBuild.BlockAds, err = r.env.OnOff("BLOCK_ADS", params.Default("off"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := settings.readPrivateAddresses(r.env); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return settings.readBlacklistUnblockedHostnames(r)
+}
+
+var (
+	ErrInvalidPrivateAddress = errors.New("private address is not a valid IP or CIDR range")
+)
+
+func (settings *DNS) readPrivateAddresses(env params.Env) (err error) {
+	privateAddresses, err := env.CSV("DOT_PRIVATE_ADDRESS")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else if len(privateAddresses) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ips := make([]netaddr.IP, 0, len(privateAddresses))
+	ipPrefixes := make([]netaddr.IPPrefix, 0, len(privateAddresses))
+
+	for _, address := range privateAddresses {
+		ip, err := netaddr.ParseIP(address)
+		if err == nil {
+			ips = append(ips, ip)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		ipPrefix, err := netaddr.ParseIPPrefix(address)
+		if err == nil {
+			ipPrefixes = append(ipPrefixes, ipPrefix)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrInvalidPrivateAddress, address)
+	}
+
+	settings.BlacklistBuild.AddBlockedIPs = append(settings.BlacklistBuild.AddBlockedIPs, ips...)
+	settings.BlacklistBuild.AddBlockedIPPrefixes = append(settings.BlacklistBuild.AddBlockedIPPrefixes, ipPrefixes...)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (settings *DNS) readBlacklistUnblockedHostnames(r reader) (err error) {
+	hostnames, err := r.env.CSV("UNBLOCK")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else if len(hostnames) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	for _, hostname := range hostnames {
+		if !r.regex.MatchHostname(hostname) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrInvalidHostname, hostname)
+		}
+	}
+
+	settings.BlacklistBuild.AllowedHosts = append(settings.BlacklistBuild.AllowedHosts, hostnames...)
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/fastestvpn.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/fastestvpn.go
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+)
+
+func (settings *Provider) fastestvpnLines() (lines []string) {
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Hostnames: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Countries) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Countries: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Countries))
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+func (settings *Provider) readFastestvpn(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.Name = constants.Fastestvpn
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TCP, err = readProtocol(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TargetIP, err = readTargetIP(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames, err = r.env.CSVInside("SERVER_HOSTNAME", constants.FastestvpnHostnameChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Countries, err = r.env.CSVInside("COUNTRY", constants.FastestvpnCountriesChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/firewall.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/firewall.go
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
+)
+
+// Firewall contains settings to customize the firewall operation.
+type Firewall struct {
+	VPNInputPorts   []uint16
+	InputPorts      []uint16
+	OutboundSubnets []net.IPNet
+	Enabled         bool
+	Debug           bool
+}
+
+func (settings *Firewall) String() string {
+	return strings.Join(settings.lines(), "\n")
+}
+
+func (settings *Firewall) lines() (lines []string) {
+	if !settings.Enabled {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Firewall: disabled ⚠️")
+		return lines
+	}
+
+	lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Firewall:")
+
+	if settings.Debug {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Debug: on")
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.VPNInputPorts) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"VPN input ports: "+
+			strings.Join(uint16sToStrings(settings.VPNInputPorts), ", "))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.InputPorts) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Input ports: "+
+			strings.Join(uint16sToStrings(settings.InputPorts), ", "))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.OutboundSubnets) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Outbound subnets: "+
+			strings.Join(ipNetsToStrings(settings.OutboundSubnets), ", "))
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+func (settings *Firewall) read(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.Enabled, err = r.env.OnOff("FIREWALL", params.Default("on"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.Debug, err = r.env.OnOff("FIREWALL_DEBUG", params.Default("off"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := settings.readVPNInputPorts(r.env); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := settings.readInputPorts(r.env); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return settings.readOutboundSubnets(r)
+}
+
+func (settings *Firewall) readVPNInputPorts(env params.Env) (err error) {
+	settings.VPNInputPorts, err = readCSVPorts(env, "FIREWALL_VPN_INPUT_PORTS")
+	return err
+}
+
+func (settings *Firewall) readInputPorts(env params.Env) (err error) {
+	settings.InputPorts, err = readCSVPorts(env, "FIREWALL_INPUT_PORTS")
+	return err
+}
+
+func (settings *Firewall) readOutboundSubnets(r reader) (err error) {
+	retroOption := params.RetroKeys([]string{"EXTRA_SUBNETS"}, r.onRetroActive)
+	settings.OutboundSubnets, err = readCSVIPNets(r.env, "FIREWALL_OUTBOUND_SUBNETS", retroOption)
+	return err
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/hidemyass.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/hidemyass.go
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+)
+
+func (settings *Provider) hideMyAssLines() (lines []string) {
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Countries) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Countries: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Countries))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Regions) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Regions: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Regions))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Cities) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Cities: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Cities))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Hostnames: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames))
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+func (settings *Provider) readHideMyAss(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.Name = constants.HideMyAss
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TCP, err = readProtocol(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TargetIP, err = readTargetIP(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Countries, err = r.env.CSVInside("COUNTRY", constants.HideMyAssCountryChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Regions, err = r.env.CSVInside("REGION", constants.HideMyAssCountryChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Cities, err = r.env.CSVInside("CITY", constants.HideMyAssCityChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames, err = r.env.CSVInside("SERVER_HOSTNAME", constants.HideMyAssHostnameChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/httpproxy.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/httpproxy.go
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
+)
+
+// HTTPProxy contains settings to configure the HTTP proxy.
+type HTTPProxy struct {
+	User     string
+	Password string
+	Port     uint16
+	Enabled  bool
+	Stealth  bool
+	Log      bool
+}
+
+func (settings *HTTPProxy) String() string {
+	return strings.Join(settings.lines(), "\n")
+}
+
+func (settings *HTTPProxy) lines() (lines []string) {
+	if !settings.Enabled {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"HTTP proxy:")
+
+	lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Port: "+strconv.Itoa(int(settings.Port)))
+
+	if settings.User != "" {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Authentication: enabled")
+	}
+
+	if settings.Log {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Log: enabled")
+	}
+
+	if settings.Stealth {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Stealth: enabled")
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+func (settings *HTTPProxy) read(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.Enabled, err = r.env.OnOff("HTTPPROXY", params.Default("off"),
+		params.RetroKeys([]string{"TINYPROXY", "PROXY"}, r.onRetroActive))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.User, err = r.getFromEnvOrSecretFile("HTTPPROXY_USER", false, // compulsory
+		[]string{"TINYPROXY_USER", "PROXY_USER"})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.Password, err = r.getFromEnvOrSecretFile("HTTPPROXY_PASSWORD", false,
+		[]string{"TINYPROXY_PASSWORD", "PROXY_PASSWORD"})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.Stealth, err = r.env.OnOff("HTTPPROXY_STEALTH", params.Default("off"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := settings.readLog(r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var warning string
+	settings.Port, warning, err = r.env.ListeningPort("HTTPPROXY_PORT", params.Default("8888"),
+		params.RetroKeys([]string{"TINYPROXY_PORT", "PROXY_PORT"}, r.onRetroActive))
+	if len(warning) > 0 {
+		r.logger.Warn(warning)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (settings *HTTPProxy) readLog(r reader) error {
+	s, err := r.env.Get("HTTPPROXY_LOG",
+		params.RetroKeys([]string{"PROXY_LOG_LEVEL", "TINYPROXY_LOG"}, r.onRetroActive))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	switch strings.ToLower(s) {
+	case "on":
+		settings.Log = true
+	// Retro compatibility
+	case "info", "connect", "notice":
+		settings.Log = true
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/ipvanish.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/ipvanish.go
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+)
+
+func (settings *Provider) ipvanishLines() (lines []string) {
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Countries) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Countries: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Countries))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Cities) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Cities: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Cities))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Hostnames: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames))
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+func (settings *Provider) readIpvanish(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.Name = constants.Ipvanish
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TCP, err = readProtocol(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TargetIP, err = readTargetIP(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Countries, err = r.env.CSVInside("COUNTRY", constants.IpvanishCountryChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Cities, err = r.env.CSVInside("CITY", constants.IpvanishCityChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames, err = r.env.CSVInside("SERVER_HOSTNAME", constants.IpvanishHostnameChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/ipvanish_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/ipvanish_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params/mock_params"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func Test_Provider_ipvanishLines(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		settings Provider
+		lines    []string
+	}{
+		"empty settings": {},
+		"full settings": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Countries: []string{"A", "B"},
+					Cities:    []string{"C", "D"},
+					Hostnames: []string{"E", "F"},
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Countries: A, B",
+				"|--Cities: C, D",
+				"|--Hostnames: E, F",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			lines := testCase.settings.ipvanishLines()
+
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.lines, lines)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_Provider_readIpvanish(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	var errDummy = errors.New("dummy test error")
+
+	type singleStringCall struct {
+		call  bool
+		value string
+		err   error
+	}
+
+	type sliceStringCall struct {
+		call   bool
+		values []string
+		err    error
+	}
+
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		protocol  singleStringCall
+		targetIP  singleStringCall
+		countries sliceStringCall
+		cities    sliceStringCall
+		hostnames sliceStringCall
+		settings  Provider
+		err       error
+	}{
+		"protocol error": {
+			protocol: singleStringCall{call: true, err: errDummy},
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Ipvanish,
+			},
+			err: errDummy,
+		},
+		"target IP error": {
+			protocol: singleStringCall{call: true},
+			targetIP: singleStringCall{call: true, value: "something", err: errDummy},
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Ipvanish,
+			},
+			err: errDummy,
+		},
+		"countries error": {
+			protocol:  singleStringCall{call: true},
+			targetIP:  singleStringCall{call: true},
+			countries: sliceStringCall{call: true, err: errDummy},
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Ipvanish,
+			},
+			err: errDummy,
+		},
+		"cities error": {
+			protocol:  singleStringCall{call: true},
+			targetIP:  singleStringCall{call: true},
+			countries: sliceStringCall{call: true},
+			cities:    sliceStringCall{call: true, err: errDummy},
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Ipvanish,
+			},
+			err: errDummy,
+		},
+		"hostnames error": {
+			protocol:  singleStringCall{call: true},
+			targetIP:  singleStringCall{call: true},
+			countries: sliceStringCall{call: true},
+			cities:    sliceStringCall{call: true},
+			hostnames: sliceStringCall{call: true, err: errDummy},
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Ipvanish,
+			},
+			err: errDummy,
+		},
+		"default settings": {
+			protocol:  singleStringCall{call: true},
+			targetIP:  singleStringCall{call: true},
+			countries: sliceStringCall{call: true},
+			cities:    sliceStringCall{call: true},
+			hostnames: sliceStringCall{call: true},
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Ipvanish,
+			},
+		},
+		"set settings": {
+			protocol:  singleStringCall{call: true, value: constants.TCP},
+			targetIP:  singleStringCall{call: true, value: "1.2.3.4"},
+			countries: sliceStringCall{call: true, values: []string{"A", "B"}},
+			cities:    sliceStringCall{call: true, values: []string{"C", "D"}},
+			hostnames: sliceStringCall{call: true, values: []string{"E", "F"}},
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Ipvanish,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					TCP:       true,
+					TargetIP:  net.IPv4(1, 2, 3, 4),
+					Countries: []string{"A", "B"},
+					Cities:    []string{"C", "D"},
+					Hostnames: []string{"E", "F"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+
+			env := mock_params.NewMockEnv(ctrl)
+			if testCase.protocol.call {
+				env.EXPECT().Inside("PROTOCOL", []string{constants.TCP, constants.UDP}, gomock.Any()).
+					Return(testCase.protocol.value, testCase.protocol.err)
+			}
+			if testCase.targetIP.call {
+				env.EXPECT().Get("OPENVPN_TARGET_IP").
+					Return(testCase.targetIP.value, testCase.targetIP.err)
+			}
+			if testCase.countries.call {
+				env.EXPECT().CSVInside("COUNTRY", constants.IpvanishCountryChoices()).
+					Return(testCase.countries.values, testCase.countries.err)
+			}
+			if testCase.cities.call {
+				env.EXPECT().CSVInside("CITY", constants.IpvanishCityChoices()).
+					Return(testCase.cities.values, testCase.cities.err)
+			}
+			if testCase.hostnames.call {
+				env.EXPECT().CSVInside("SERVER_HOSTNAME", constants.IpvanishHostnameChoices()).
+					Return(testCase.hostnames.values, testCase.hostnames.err)
+			}
+
+			r := reader{env: env}
+
+			var settings Provider
+			err := settings.readIpvanish(r)
+
+			if testCase.err != nil {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				assert.Equal(t, testCase.err.Error(), err.Error())
+			} else {
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.settings, settings)
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/ivpn.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/ivpn.go
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+)
+
+func (settings *Provider) ivpnLines() (lines []string) {
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Countries) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Countries: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Countries))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Cities) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Cities: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Cities))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Hostnames: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames))
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+func (settings *Provider) readIvpn(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.Name = constants.Ivpn
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TCP, err = readProtocol(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TargetIP, err = readTargetIP(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Countries, err = r.env.CSVInside("COUNTRY", constants.IvpnCountryChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Cities, err = r.env.CSVInside("CITY", constants.IvpnCityChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames, err = r.env.CSVInside("SERVER_HOSTNAME", constants.IvpnHostnameChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/ivpn_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/ivpn_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params/mock_params"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func Test_Provider_ivpnLines(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		settings Provider
+		lines    []string
+	}{
+		"empty settings": {},
+		"full settings": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Countries: []string{"A", "B"},
+					Cities:    []string{"C", "D"},
+					Hostnames: []string{"E", "F"},
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Countries: A, B",
+				"|--Cities: C, D",
+				"|--Hostnames: E, F",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			lines := testCase.settings.ivpnLines()
+
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.lines, lines)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_Provider_readIvpn(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	var errDummy = errors.New("dummy test error")
+
+	type singleStringCall struct {
+		call  bool
+		value string
+		err   error
+	}
+
+	type sliceStringCall struct {
+		call   bool
+		values []string
+		err    error
+	}
+
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		protocol  singleStringCall
+		targetIP  singleStringCall
+		countries sliceStringCall
+		cities    sliceStringCall
+		hostnames sliceStringCall
+		settings  Provider
+		err       error
+	}{
+		"protocol error": {
+			protocol: singleStringCall{call: true, err: errDummy},
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Ivpn,
+			},
+			err: errDummy,
+		},
+		"target IP error": {
+			protocol: singleStringCall{call: true},
+			targetIP: singleStringCall{call: true, value: "something", err: errDummy},
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Ivpn,
+			},
+			err: errDummy,
+		},
+		"countries error": {
+			protocol:  singleStringCall{call: true},
+			targetIP:  singleStringCall{call: true},
+			countries: sliceStringCall{call: true, err: errDummy},
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Ivpn,
+			},
+			err: errDummy,
+		},
+		"cities error": {
+			protocol:  singleStringCall{call: true},
+			targetIP:  singleStringCall{call: true},
+			countries: sliceStringCall{call: true},
+			cities:    sliceStringCall{call: true, err: errDummy},
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Ivpn,
+			},
+			err: errDummy,
+		},
+		"hostnames error": {
+			protocol:  singleStringCall{call: true},
+			targetIP:  singleStringCall{call: true},
+			countries: sliceStringCall{call: true},
+			cities:    sliceStringCall{call: true},
+			hostnames: sliceStringCall{call: true, err: errDummy},
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Ivpn,
+			},
+			err: errDummy,
+		},
+		"default settings": {
+			protocol:  singleStringCall{call: true},
+			targetIP:  singleStringCall{call: true},
+			countries: sliceStringCall{call: true},
+			cities:    sliceStringCall{call: true},
+			hostnames: sliceStringCall{call: true},
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Ivpn,
+			},
+		},
+		"set settings": {
+			protocol:  singleStringCall{call: true, value: constants.TCP},
+			targetIP:  singleStringCall{call: true, value: "1.2.3.4"},
+			countries: sliceStringCall{call: true, values: []string{"A", "B"}},
+			cities:    sliceStringCall{call: true, values: []string{"C", "D"}},
+			hostnames: sliceStringCall{call: true, values: []string{"E", "F"}},
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Ivpn,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					TCP:       true,
+					TargetIP:  net.IPv4(1, 2, 3, 4),
+					Countries: []string{"A", "B"},
+					Cities:    []string{"C", "D"},
+					Hostnames: []string{"E", "F"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+
+			env := mock_params.NewMockEnv(ctrl)
+			if testCase.protocol.call {
+				env.EXPECT().Inside("PROTOCOL", []string{constants.TCP, constants.UDP}, gomock.Any()).
+					Return(testCase.protocol.value, testCase.protocol.err)
+			}
+			if testCase.targetIP.call {
+				env.EXPECT().Get("OPENVPN_TARGET_IP").
+					Return(testCase.targetIP.value, testCase.targetIP.err)
+			}
+			if testCase.countries.call {
+				env.EXPECT().CSVInside("COUNTRY", constants.IvpnCountryChoices()).
+					Return(testCase.countries.values, testCase.countries.err)
+			}
+			if testCase.cities.call {
+				env.EXPECT().CSVInside("CITY", constants.IvpnCityChoices()).
+					Return(testCase.cities.values, testCase.cities.err)
+			}
+			if testCase.hostnames.call {
+				env.EXPECT().CSVInside("SERVER_HOSTNAME", constants.IvpnHostnameChoices()).
+					Return(testCase.hostnames.values, testCase.hostnames.err)
+			}
+
+			r := reader{env: env}
+
+			var settings Provider
+			err := settings.readIvpn(r)
+
+			if testCase.err != nil {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				assert.Equal(t, testCase.err.Error(), err.Error())
+			} else {
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.settings, settings)
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/keys.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/keys.go
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+)
+
+func readClientKey(r reader) (clientKey string, err error) {
+	b, err := r.getFromFileOrSecretFile("OPENVPN_CLIENTKEY", constants.ClientKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return extractClientKey(b)
+}
+
+var errDecodePEMBlockClientKey = errors.New("cannot decode PEM block from client key")
+
+func extractClientKey(b []byte) (key string, err error) {
+	pemBlock, _ := pem.Decode(b)
+	if pemBlock == nil {
+		return "", errDecodePEMBlockClientKey
+	}
+	parsedBytes := pem.EncodeToMemory(pemBlock)
+	s := string(parsedBytes)
+	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\n", "")
+	s = strings.TrimPrefix(s, "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----")
+	s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "-----END PRIVATE KEY-----")
+	return s, nil
+}
+
+func readClientCertificate(r reader) (clientCertificate string, err error) {
+	b, err := r.getFromFileOrSecretFile("OPENVPN_CLIENTCRT", constants.ClientCertificate)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return extractClientCertificate(b)
+}
+
+var errDecodePEMBlockClientCert = errors.New("cannot decode PEM block from client certificate")
+
+func extractClientCertificate(b []byte) (certificate string, err error) {
+	pemBlock, _ := pem.Decode(b)
+	if pemBlock == nil {
+		return "", errDecodePEMBlockClientCert
+	}
+	parsedBytes := pem.EncodeToMemory(pemBlock)
+	s := string(parsedBytes)
+	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\n", "")
+	s = strings.TrimPrefix(s, "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----")
+	s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "-----END CERTIFICATE-----")
+	return s, nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/keys_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/keys_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func Test_extractClientKey(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	const validPEM = `
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
+`
+	const validKeyString = "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" //nolint:lll
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		b   []byte
+		key string
+		err error
+	}{
+		"no input": {
+			err: errDecodePEMBlockClientKey,
+		},
+		"bad input": {
+			b:   []byte{1, 2, 3},
+			err: errDecodePEMBlockClientKey,
+		},
+		"valid key": {
+			b:   []byte(validPEM),
+			key: validKeyString,
+		},
+	}
+	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			key, err := extractClientKey(testCase.b)
+			if testCase.err != nil {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				assert.Equal(t, testCase.err.Error(), err.Error())
+			} else {
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.key, key)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_extractClientCertificate(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	const validPEM = `
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIGrDCCBJSgAwIBAgIEAdTnfTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADB7MQswCQYDVQQGEwJS
+TzESMBAGA1UEBxMJQnVjaGFyZXN0MRgwFgYDVQQKEw9DeWJlckdob3N0IFMuQS4x
+GzAZBgNVBAMTEkN5YmVyR2hvc3QgUm9vdCBDQTEhMB8GCSqGSIb3DQEJARYSaW5m
+b0BjeWJlcmdob3N0LnJvMB4XDTIwMDcwNDE1MjkzNloXDTMwMDcwMjE1MjkzNlow
+fTELMAkGA1UEBhMCUk8xEjAQBgNVBAcMCUJ1Y2hhcmVzdDEYMBYGA1UECgwPQ3li
+ZXJHaG9zdCBTLkEuMR0wGwYDVQQDDBRjLmoua2xhdmVyQGdtYWlsLmNvbTEhMB8G
+CSqGSIb3DQEJARYSaW5mb0BjeWJlcmdob3N0LnJvMIICIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEF
+AAOCAg8AMIICCgKCAgEAobp2NlGUHMNBe08YEOnVG3QJjF3ZaXbRhE/II9rmtgJT
+NZtDohGChvFlNRsExKzVrKxHCeuJkVffwzQ6fYk4/M1RdYLJUh0UVw3e4WdApw8E
+7TJZxDYm4SHQNXUvt1Rt5TjslcXxIpDZgrMSc/kHROYEL9tdgdzPZErUJehXyJPh
+EzIrzmAJh501x7WwKPz9ctSVlItyavqEWFF2vyUa6X9DYmD9mQTz5c+VXNO5DkXm
+PFBIaEVDnvFtcjGJ56yEvFnWVukL+OUX7ezowrIOFOcp9udjgpeiHq+XvsQ6ER0D
+Jt25MiEId3NjkxtZ8BitDftTcLN/kt81hWKT7adMVc3kpIZ80cxrwRCttMd7sHAz
+KI9u7pMxv10eUOsIEY87ewBe3l6KvEnjA+9uIjim6gLLebDIaEH50Ee9PzNJ8fqQ
+2u54Ab4bt00/H1sUnJ6Ss/+WsQDOK1BsPRKKcnHZntOlHrs2Tu5+txKNU2cOapI8
+SjVULUNKrRXASbpfWnLUfri/HO742bJb/TjkOJcOxta3hTPFAhaRWBusVlB41XVH
+euH5DAhugYXeSNK6/6Ul8YvKUNH/7QbxuGIGXfth19Xl4QLI1umyEjZopSlt3tOi
+O2V1soVNSQCCfxXVoCTMESMLjhkjWdmBDhdy2GTW7S4YoJfqVKiS18rYkN7I4ZMC
+AwEAAaOCATQwggEwMAkGA1UdEwQCMAAwCwYDVR0PBAQDAgWgMDQGCWCGSAGG+EIB
+DQQnFiVDeWJlckdob3N0IEdlbmVyYXRlZCBVc2VyIENlcnRpZmljYXRlMBEGCWCG
+SAGG+EIBAQQEAwIHgDAdBgNVHQ4EFgQULwUtU5s6pL2NN9gPeEnKX0dhwiswga0G
+A1UdIwSBpTCBooAU6tdK1g/He5qzjeAoM5eHt4in9iWhf6R9MHsxCzAJBgNVBAYT
+AlJPMRIwEAYDVQQHEwlCdWNoYXJlc3QxGDAWBgNVBAoTD0N5YmVyR2hvc3QgUy5B
+LjEbMBkGA1UEAxMSQ3liZXJHaG9zdCBSb290IENBMSEwHwYJKoZIhvcNAQkBFhJp
+bmZvQGN5YmVyZ2hvc3Qucm+CCQCcVButZsQ0uzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAgEA
+ystGIMYhQWaEdTqlnLCytrr8657t+PuidZMNNIaPB3wN2Fi2xKf14DTg03mqxjmP
+Pb+f+PVNIOV5PdWD4jcQwOP1GEboGV0DFzlRGeAtDcvKwdee4oASJbZq1CETqDao
+hQTxKEWC+UBk2F36nOaEI6Sab+Mb4cR9//PAwvzOqrXuGF5NuIOX7eFtCMQSgQq6
+lRRqTQjekm0Dxigx4JA92Jo2qZRwCJ0T3IXBJGL831HCFJbDWv8PV3lsfFb/i2+v
+r54uywFQVWWp18dYi97gipfuQ4zRg2Ldx5aXSmnhhKpg5ioZvtk043QofF12YORh
+obElqavRbvvhZvlCouvcuoq9QKi7IPe5SJZkZ1X7ezMesCwBzwFpt6vRUAcslsNF
+bcYS1iSENlY/PTcDqBhbKuc9yAhq+/aUgaY/8VF5RWVzSRZufbf3BPwOkE4K0Uyb
+aobO/YX0JOkCacAD+4tdR6YSXNIMMRAOCBQvxbxFXaHzhwhzBAjdsC56FrJKwXvQ
+rRLU3tF4P0zFMeNTay8uTtUXugDK7EnklLESuYdpUJ8bUMlAUhJBi6UFI9/icMud
+xXvLRvhnBW9EtKib5JnVFUovcEUt+3EJbyst05nkL4YPjQS4TC9DHdo5SyRAy1Tp
+iOCYTbretAFZRhh6ycUN5hBeN8GMQxiMreMtDV4PEIQ=
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+`
+	const validCertificateString = "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" //nolint:lll
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		b           []byte
+		certificate string
+		err         error
+	}{
+		"no input": {
+			err: errDecodePEMBlockClientCert,
+		},
+		"bad input": {
+			b:   []byte{1, 2, 3},
+			err: errDecodePEMBlockClientCert,
+		},
+		"valid key": {
+			b:           []byte(validPEM),
+			certificate: validCertificateString,
+		},
+	}
+	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			certificate, err := extractClientCertificate(testCase.b)
+			if testCase.err != nil {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				assert.Equal(t, testCase.err.Error(), err.Error())
+			} else {
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.certificate, certificate)
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/lines.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/lines.go
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+func uint16sToStrings(uint16s []uint16) (strings []string) {
+	strings = make([]string, len(uint16s))
+	for i := range uint16s {
+		strings[i] = strconv.Itoa(int(uint16s[i]))
+	}
+	return strings
+}
+
+func ipNetsToStrings(ipNets []net.IPNet) (strings []string) {
+	strings = make([]string, len(ipNets))
+	for i := range ipNets {
+		strings[i] = ipNets[i].String()
+	}
+	return strings
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/mullvad.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/mullvad.go
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
+)
+
+func (settings *Provider) mullvadLines() (lines []string) {
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Countries) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Countries: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Countries))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Cities) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Cities: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Cities))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Hostnames: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.ISPs) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"ISPs: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.ISPs))
+	}
+
+	if settings.ServerSelection.CustomPort > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Custom port: "+strconv.Itoa(int(settings.ServerSelection.CustomPort)))
+	}
+
+	if settings.ExtraConfigOptions.OpenVPNIPv6 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"IPv6: enabled")
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+func (settings *Provider) readMullvad(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.Name = constants.Mullvad
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TCP, err = readProtocol(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TargetIP, err = readTargetIP(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Countries, err = r.env.CSVInside("COUNTRY", constants.MullvadCountryChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Cities, err = r.env.CSVInside("CITY", constants.MullvadCityChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames, err = r.env.CSVInside("SERVER_HOSTNAME", constants.MullvadHostnameChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.ISPs, err = r.env.CSVInside("ISP", constants.MullvadISPChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.CustomPort, err = readCustomPort(r.env, settings.ServerSelection.TCP,
+		[]uint16{80, 443, 1401}, []uint16{53, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1400})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Owned, err = r.env.YesNo("OWNED", params.Default("no"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ExtraConfigOptions.OpenVPNIPv6, err = r.env.OnOff("OPENVPN_IPV6", params.Default("off"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/nordvpn.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/nordvpn.go
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
+)
+
+func (settings *Provider) nordvpnLines() (lines []string) {
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Regions) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Regions: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Regions))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Hostnames: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Names) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Names: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames))
+	}
+
+	if numbersUint16 := settings.ServerSelection.Numbers; len(numbersUint16) > 0 {
+		numbersString := make([]string, len(numbersUint16))
+		for i, numberUint16 := range numbersUint16 {
+			numbersString[i] = strconv.Itoa(int(numberUint16))
+		}
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Numbers: "+commaJoin(numbersString))
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+func (settings *Provider) readNordvpn(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.Name = constants.Nordvpn
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TCP, err = readProtocol(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TargetIP, err = readTargetIP(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Regions, err = r.env.CSVInside("REGION", constants.NordvpnRegionChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames, err = r.env.CSVInside("SERVER_HOSTNAME", constants.NordvpnHostnameChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Names, err = r.env.CSVInside("SERVER_NAME", constants.NordvpnHostnameChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Numbers, err = readNordVPNServerNumbers(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func readNordVPNServerNumbers(env params.Env) (numbers []uint16, err error) {
+	const possiblePortsCount = 65537
+	possibilities := make([]string, possiblePortsCount)
+	for i := range possibilities {
+		possibilities[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%d", i)
+	}
+	possibilities[65536] = ""
+	values, err := env.CSVInside("SERVER_NUMBER", possibilities)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	numbers = make([]uint16, len(values))
+	for i := range values {
+		n, err := strconv.Atoi(values[i])
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		numbers[i] = uint16(n)
+	}
+	return numbers, nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/openvpn.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/openvpn.go
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
+)
+
+// OpenVPN contains settings to configure the OpenVPN client.
+type OpenVPN struct {
+	User      string   `json:"user"`
+	Password  string   `json:"password"`
+	Verbosity int      `json:"verbosity"`
+	MSSFix    uint16   `json:"mssfix"`
+	Root      bool     `json:"run_as_root"`
+	Cipher    string   `json:"cipher"`
+	Auth      string   `json:"auth"`
+	Provider  Provider `json:"provider"`
+	Config    string   `json:"custom_config"`
+	Version   string   `json:"version"`
+}
+
+func (settings *OpenVPN) String() string {
+	return strings.Join(settings.lines(), "\n")
+}
+
+func (settings *OpenVPN) lines() (lines []string) {
+	lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"OpenVPN:")
+
+	lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Version: "+settings.Version)
+
+	lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Verbosity level: "+strconv.Itoa(settings.Verbosity))
+
+	if settings.Root {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Run as root: enabled")
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.Cipher) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Custom cipher: "+settings.Cipher)
+	}
+	if len(settings.Auth) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Custom auth algorithm: "+settings.Auth)
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.Config) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Custom configuration: "+settings.Config)
+	}
+
+	if settings.Provider.Name == "" {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Provider: custom configuration")
+	} else {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Provider:")
+		for _, line := range settings.Provider.lines() {
+			lines = append(lines, indent+indent+line)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+var (
+	ErrInvalidVPNProvider = errors.New("invalid VPN provider")
+)
+
+func (settings *OpenVPN) read(r reader) (err error) {
+	vpnsp, err := r.env.Inside("VPNSP", []string{
+		"cyberghost", "fastestvpn", "hidemyass", "ipvanish", "ivpn", "mullvad", "nordvpn",
+		"privado", "pia", "private internet access", "privatevpn", "protonvpn",
+		"purevpn", "surfshark", "torguard", constants.VPNUnlimited, "vyprvpn", "windscribe"},
+		params.Default("private internet access"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if vpnsp == "pia" { // retro compatibility
+		vpnsp = "private internet access"
+	}
+
+	settings.Provider.Name = vpnsp
+
+	settings.Config, err = r.env.Get("OPENVPN_CUSTOM_CONFIG", params.CaseSensitiveValue())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	customConfig := settings.Config != ""
+
+	if customConfig {
+		settings.Provider.Name = ""
+	}
+
+	credentialsRequired := !customConfig && settings.Provider.Name != constants.VPNUnlimited
+
+	settings.User, err = r.getFromEnvOrSecretFile("OPENVPN_USER", credentialsRequired, []string{"USER"})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Remove spaces in user ID to simplify user's life, thanks @JeordyR
+	settings.User = strings.ReplaceAll(settings.User, " ", "")
+
+	if settings.Provider.Name == constants.Mullvad {
+		settings.Password = "m"
+	} else {
+		settings.Password, err = r.getFromEnvOrSecretFile("OPENVPN_PASSWORD", credentialsRequired, []string{"PASSWORD"})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	settings.Version, err = r.env.Inside("OPENVPN_VERSION",
+		[]string{constants.Openvpn24, constants.Openvpn25}, params.Default(constants.Openvpn25))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.Verbosity, err = r.env.IntRange("OPENVPN_VERBOSITY", 0, 6, params.Default("1")) //nolint:gomnd
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.Root, err = r.env.YesNo("OPENVPN_ROOT", params.Default("yes"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.Cipher, err = r.env.Get("OPENVPN_CIPHER")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.Auth, err = r.env.Get("OPENVPN_AUTH")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	const maxMSSFix = 10000
+	mssFix, err := r.env.IntRange("OPENVPN_MSSFIX", 0, maxMSSFix, params.Default("0"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	settings.MSSFix = uint16(mssFix)
+	return settings.readProvider(r)
+}
+
+func (settings *OpenVPN) readProvider(r reader) error {
+	var readProvider func(r reader) error
+	switch settings.Provider.Name {
+	case "": // custom config
+		readProvider = func(r reader) error { return nil }
+	case constants.Cyberghost:
+		readProvider = settings.Provider.readCyberghost
+	case constants.Fastestvpn:
+		readProvider = settings.Provider.readFastestvpn
+	case constants.HideMyAss:
+		readProvider = settings.Provider.readHideMyAss
+	case constants.Ipvanish:
+		readProvider = settings.Provider.readIpvanish
+	case constants.Ivpn:
+		readProvider = settings.Provider.readIvpn
+	case constants.Mullvad:
+		readProvider = settings.Provider.readMullvad
+	case constants.Nordvpn:
+		readProvider = settings.Provider.readNordvpn
+	case constants.Privado:
+		readProvider = settings.Provider.readPrivado
+	case constants.PrivateInternetAccess:
+		readProvider = settings.Provider.readPrivateInternetAccess
+	case constants.Privatevpn:
+		readProvider = settings.Provider.readPrivatevpn
+	case constants.Protonvpn:
+		readProvider = settings.Provider.readProtonvpn
+	case constants.Purevpn:
+		readProvider = settings.Provider.readPurevpn
+	case constants.Surfshark:
+		readProvider = settings.Provider.readSurfshark
+	case constants.Torguard:
+		readProvider = settings.Provider.readTorguard
+	case constants.VPNUnlimited:
+		readProvider = settings.Provider.readVPNUnlimited
+	case constants.Vyprvpn:
+		readProvider = settings.Provider.readVyprvpn
+	case constants.Windscribe:
+		readProvider = settings.Provider.readWindscribe
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrInvalidVPNProvider, settings.Provider.Name)
+	}
+	return readProvider(r)
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/openvpn_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/openvpn_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func Test_OpenVPN_JSON(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	in := OpenVPN{
+		Root: true,
+		Provider: Provider{
+			Name: "name",
+		},
+	}
+	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(in, "", "  ")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, `{
+  "user": "",
+  "password": "",
+  "verbosity": 0,
+  "mssfix": 0,
+  "run_as_root": true,
+  "cipher": "",
+  "auth": "",
+  "provider": {
+    "name": "name",
+    "server_selection": {
+      "tcp": false,
+      "regions": null,
+      "group": "",
+      "countries": null,
+      "cities": null,
+      "hostnames": null,
+      "names": null,
+      "isps": null,
+      "owned": false,
+      "custom_port": 0,
+      "numbers": null,
+      "encryption_preset": "",
+      "free_only": false,
+      "stream_only": false
+    },
+    "extra_config": {
+      "encryption_preset": "",
+      "openvpn_ipv6": false
+    },
+    "port_forwarding": {
+      "enabled": false,
+      "filepath": ""
+    }
+  },
+  "custom_config": "",
+  "version": ""
+}`, string(data))
+	var out OpenVPN
+	err = json.Unmarshal(data, &out)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, in, out)
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/privado.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/privado.go
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+)
+
+func (settings *Provider) privadoLines() (lines []string) {
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Countries) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Countries: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Countries))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Regions) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Regions: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Regions))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Cities) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Cities: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Cities))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Hostnames: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames))
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+func (settings *Provider) readPrivado(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.Name = constants.Privado
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TCP, err = readProtocol(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TargetIP, err = readTargetIP(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Countries, err = r.env.CSVInside("COUNTRY", constants.PrivadoCountryChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Regions, err = r.env.CSVInside("REGION", constants.PrivadoRegionChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Cities, err = r.env.CSVInside("CITY", constants.PrivadoCityChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames, err = r.env.CSVInside("SERVER_HOSTNAME", constants.PrivadoHostnameChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/privateinternetaccess.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/privateinternetaccess.go
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
+)
+
+func (settings *Provider) privateinternetaccessLines() (lines []string) {
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Regions) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Regions: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Regions))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Hostnames: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Names) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Names: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Names))
+	}
+
+	lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Encryption preset: "+settings.ServerSelection.EncryptionPreset)
+
+	if settings.ServerSelection.CustomPort > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Custom port: "+strconv.Itoa(int(settings.ServerSelection.CustomPort)))
+	}
+
+	if settings.PortForwarding.Enabled {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Port forwarding:")
+		for _, line := range settings.PortForwarding.lines() {
+			lines = append(lines, indent+line)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+func (settings *Provider) readPrivateInternetAccess(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.Name = constants.PrivateInternetAccess
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TCP, err = readProtocol(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TargetIP, err = readTargetIP(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	encryptionPreset, err := r.env.Inside("PIA_ENCRYPTION",
+		[]string{constants.PIAEncryptionPresetNone, constants.PIAEncryptionPresetNormal, constants.PIAEncryptionPresetStrong},
+		params.RetroKeys([]string{"ENCRYPTION"}, r.onRetroActive),
+		params.Default(constants.PIACertificateStrong),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	settings.ServerSelection.EncryptionPreset = encryptionPreset
+	settings.ExtraConfigOptions.EncryptionPreset = encryptionPreset
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Regions, err = r.env.CSVInside("REGION", constants.PIAGeoChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames, err = r.env.CSVInside("SERVER_HOSTNAME", constants.PIAHostnameChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames, err = r.env.CSVInside("SERVER_NAME", constants.PIANameChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.CustomPort, err = readPortOrZero(r.env, "PORT")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.PortForwarding.Enabled, err = r.env.OnOff("PORT_FORWARDING", params.Default("off"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if settings.PortForwarding.Enabled {
+		settings.PortForwarding.Filepath, err = r.env.Path("PORT_FORWARDING_STATUS_FILE",
+			params.Default("/tmp/gluetun/forwarded_port"), params.CaseSensitiveValue())
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/privatevpn.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/privatevpn.go
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+)
+
+func (settings *Provider) privatevpnLines() (lines []string) {
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Countries) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Countries: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Countries))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Cities) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Cities: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Cities))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Hostnames: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames))
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+func (settings *Provider) readPrivatevpn(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.Name = constants.Privatevpn
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TCP, err = readProtocol(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TargetIP, err = readTargetIP(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Countries, err = r.env.CSVInside("COUNTRY", constants.PrivatevpnCountryChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Cities, err = r.env.CSVInside("CITY", constants.PrivatevpnCityChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames, err = r.env.CSVInside("SERVER_HOSTNAME", constants.PrivatevpnHostnameChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/protonvpn.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/protonvpn.go
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
+)
+
+func (settings *Provider) protonvpnLines() (lines []string) {
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Countries) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Countries: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Countries))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Regions) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Regions: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Regions))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Cities) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Cities: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Cities))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Names) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Names: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Names))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Hostnames: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames))
+	}
+
+	if settings.ServerSelection.FreeOnly {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Free only: yes")
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+func (settings *Provider) readProtonvpn(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.Name = constants.Protonvpn
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TCP, err = readProtocol(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TargetIP, err = readTargetIP(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.CustomPort, err = readPortOrZero(r.env, "PORT")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Countries, err = r.env.CSVInside("COUNTRY", constants.ProtonvpnCountryChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Regions, err = r.env.CSVInside("REGION", constants.ProtonvpnRegionChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Cities, err = r.env.CSVInside("CITY", constants.ProtonvpnCityChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Names, err = r.env.CSVInside("SERVER_NAME", constants.ProtonvpnNameChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames, err = r.env.CSVInside("SERVER_HOSTNAME", constants.ProtonvpnHostnameChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.FreeOnly, err = r.env.YesNo("FREE_ONLY", params.Default("no"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/provider.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/provider.go
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
+)
+
+// Provider contains settings specific to a VPN provider.
+type Provider struct {
+	Name               string             `json:"name"`
+	ServerSelection    ServerSelection    `json:"server_selection"`
+	ExtraConfigOptions ExtraConfigOptions `json:"extra_config"`
+	PortForwarding     PortForwarding     `json:"port_forwarding"`
+}
+
+func (settings *Provider) lines() (lines []string) {
+	lines = append(lines, lastIndent+strings.Title(settings.Name)+" settings:")
+
+	selection := settings.ServerSelection
+
+	lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Network protocol: "+protoToString(selection.TCP))
+
+	if selection.TargetIP != nil {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Target IP address: "+selection.TargetIP.String())
+	}
+
+	var providerLines []string
+	switch strings.ToLower(settings.Name) {
+	case "cyberghost":
+		providerLines = settings.cyberghostLines()
+	case "fastestvpn":
+		providerLines = settings.fastestvpnLines()
+	case "hidemyass":
+		providerLines = settings.hideMyAssLines()
+	case "ipvanish":
+		providerLines = settings.ipvanishLines()
+	case "ivpn":
+		providerLines = settings.ivpnLines()
+	case "mullvad":
+		providerLines = settings.mullvadLines()
+	case "nordvpn":
+		providerLines = settings.nordvpnLines()
+	case "privado":
+		providerLines = settings.privadoLines()
+	case "privatevpn":
+		providerLines = settings.privatevpnLines()
+	case "private internet access":
+		providerLines = settings.privateinternetaccessLines()
+	case "protonvpn":
+		providerLines = settings.protonvpnLines()
+	case "purevpn":
+		providerLines = settings.purevpnLines()
+	case "surfshark":
+		providerLines = settings.surfsharkLines()
+	case "torguard":
+		providerLines = settings.torguardLines()
+	case strings.ToLower(constants.VPNUnlimited):
+		providerLines = settings.vpnUnlimitedLines()
+	case "vyprvpn":
+		providerLines = settings.vyprvpnLines()
+	case "windscribe":
+		providerLines = settings.windscribeLines()
+	default:
+		panic(`Missing lines method for provider "` +
+			settings.Name + `"! Please create a Github issue.`)
+	}
+
+	for _, line := range providerLines {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+line)
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+func commaJoin(slice []string) string {
+	return strings.Join(slice, ", ")
+}
+
+func readProtocol(env params.Env) (tcp bool, err error) {
+	protocol, err := env.Inside("PROTOCOL", []string{constants.TCP, constants.UDP}, params.Default(constants.UDP))
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return protocol == constants.TCP, nil
+}
+
+func protoToString(tcp bool) string {
+	if tcp {
+		return constants.TCP
+	}
+	return constants.UDP
+}
+
+func readTargetIP(env params.Env) (targetIP net.IP, err error) {
+	return readIP(env, "OPENVPN_TARGET_IP")
+}
+
+func readCustomPort(env params.Env, tcp bool,
+	allowedTCP, allowedUDP []uint16) (port uint16, err error) {
+	port, err = readPortOrZero(env, "PORT")
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	} else if port == 0 {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+
+	if tcp {
+		for i := range allowedTCP {
+			if allowedTCP[i] == port {
+				return port, nil
+			}
+		}
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: port %d for TCP protocol", ErrInvalidPort, port)
+	}
+	for i := range allowedUDP {
+		if allowedUDP[i] == port {
+			return port, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: port %d for UDP protocol", ErrInvalidPort, port)
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/provider_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/provider_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params/mock_params"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+var errDummy = errors.New("dummy")
+
+func Test_Provider_lines(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		settings Provider
+		lines    []string
+	}{
+		"cyberghost": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Cyberghost,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Group:   "group",
+					Regions: []string{"a", "El country"},
+				},
+				ExtraConfigOptions: ExtraConfigOptions{
+					ClientKey:         "a",
+					ClientCertificate: "a",
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Cyberghost settings:",
+				"   |--Network protocol: udp",
+				"   |--Server group: group",
+				"   |--Regions: a, El country",
+				"   |--Client key is set",
+				"   |--Client certificate is set",
+			},
+		},
+		"fastestvpn": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Fastestvpn,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Hostnames: []string{"a", "b"},
+					Countries: []string{"c", "d"},
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Fastestvpn settings:",
+				"   |--Network protocol: udp",
+				"   |--Hostnames: a, b",
+				"   |--Countries: c, d",
+			},
+		},
+		"hidemyass": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.HideMyAss,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Countries: []string{"a", "b"},
+					Cities:    []string{"c", "d"},
+					Hostnames: []string{"e", "f"},
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Hidemyass settings:",
+				"   |--Network protocol: udp",
+				"   |--Countries: a, b",
+				"   |--Cities: c, d",
+				"   |--Hostnames: e, f",
+			},
+		},
+		"ipvanish": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Ipvanish,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Countries: []string{"a", "b"},
+					Cities:    []string{"c", "d"},
+					Hostnames: []string{"e", "f"},
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Ipvanish settings:",
+				"   |--Network protocol: udp",
+				"   |--Countries: a, b",
+				"   |--Cities: c, d",
+				"   |--Hostnames: e, f",
+			},
+		},
+		"ivpn": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Ivpn,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Countries: []string{"a", "b"},
+					Cities:    []string{"c", "d"},
+					Hostnames: []string{"e", "f"},
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Ivpn settings:",
+				"   |--Network protocol: udp",
+				"   |--Countries: a, b",
+				"   |--Cities: c, d",
+				"   |--Hostnames: e, f",
+			},
+		},
+		"mullvad": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Mullvad,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Countries:  []string{"a", "b"},
+					Cities:     []string{"c", "d"},
+					ISPs:       []string{"e", "f"},
+					CustomPort: 1,
+				},
+				ExtraConfigOptions: ExtraConfigOptions{
+					OpenVPNIPv6: true,
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Mullvad settings:",
+				"   |--Network protocol: udp",
+				"   |--Countries: a, b",
+				"   |--Cities: c, d",
+				"   |--ISPs: e, f",
+				"   |--Custom port: 1",
+				"   |--IPv6: enabled",
+			},
+		},
+		"nordvpn": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Nordvpn,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Regions: []string{"a", "b"},
+					Numbers: []uint16{1, 2},
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Nordvpn settings:",
+				"   |--Network protocol: udp",
+				"   |--Regions: a, b",
+				"   |--Numbers: 1, 2",
+			},
+		},
+		"privado": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Privado,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Hostnames: []string{"a", "b"},
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Privado settings:",
+				"   |--Network protocol: udp",
+				"   |--Hostnames: a, b",
+			},
+		},
+		"privatevpn": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Privatevpn,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Hostnames: []string{"a", "b"},
+					Countries: []string{"c", "d"},
+					Cities:    []string{"e", "f"},
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Privatevpn settings:",
+				"   |--Network protocol: udp",
+				"   |--Countries: c, d",
+				"   |--Cities: e, f",
+				"   |--Hostnames: a, b",
+			},
+		},
+		"protonvpn": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Protonvpn,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Countries: []string{"a", "b"},
+					Regions:   []string{"c", "d"},
+					Cities:    []string{"e", "f"},
+					Names:     []string{"g", "h"},
+					Hostnames: []string{"i", "j"},
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Protonvpn settings:",
+				"   |--Network protocol: udp",
+				"   |--Countries: a, b",
+				"   |--Regions: c, d",
+				"   |--Cities: e, f",
+				"   |--Names: g, h",
+				"   |--Hostnames: i, j",
+			},
+		},
+		"private internet access": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.PrivateInternetAccess,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Regions:          []string{"a", "b"},
+					EncryptionPreset: constants.PIAEncryptionPresetStrong,
+					CustomPort:       1,
+				},
+				PortForwarding: PortForwarding{
+					Enabled:  true,
+					Filepath: string("/here"),
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Private Internet Access settings:",
+				"   |--Network protocol: udp",
+				"   |--Regions: a, b",
+				"   |--Encryption preset: strong",
+				"   |--Custom port: 1",
+				"   |--Port forwarding:",
+				"      |--File path: /here",
+			},
+		},
+		"purevpn": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Purevpn,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Regions:   []string{"a", "b"},
+					Countries: []string{"c", "d"},
+					Cities:    []string{"e", "f"},
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Purevpn settings:",
+				"   |--Network protocol: udp",
+				"   |--Regions: a, b",
+				"   |--Countries: c, d",
+				"   |--Cities: e, f",
+			},
+		},
+		"surfshark": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Surfshark,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Regions: []string{"a", "b"},
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Surfshark settings:",
+				"   |--Network protocol: udp",
+				"   |--Regions: a, b",
+			},
+		},
+		"torguard": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Torguard,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Countries: []string{"a", "b"},
+					Cities:    []string{"c", "d"},
+					Hostnames: []string{"e"},
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Torguard settings:",
+				"   |--Network protocol: udp",
+				"   |--Countries: a, b",
+				"   |--Cities: c, d",
+				"   |--Hostnames: e",
+			},
+		},
+		constants.VPNUnlimited: {
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.VPNUnlimited,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Countries:  []string{"a", "b"},
+					Cities:     []string{"c", "d"},
+					Hostnames:  []string{"e", "f"},
+					FreeOnly:   true,
+					StreamOnly: true,
+				},
+				ExtraConfigOptions: ExtraConfigOptions{
+					ClientKey: "a",
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Vpn Unlimited settings:",
+				"   |--Network protocol: udp",
+				"   |--Countries: a, b",
+				"   |--Cities: c, d",
+				"   |--Hostnames: e, f",
+				"   |--Free servers only",
+				"   |--Stream servers only",
+				"   |--Client key is set",
+			},
+		},
+		"vyprvpn": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Vyprvpn,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Regions: []string{"a", "b"},
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Vyprvpn settings:",
+				"   |--Network protocol: udp",
+				"   |--Regions: a, b",
+			},
+		},
+		"windscribe": {
+			settings: Provider{
+				Name: constants.Windscribe,
+				ServerSelection: ServerSelection{
+					Regions:    []string{"a", "b"},
+					Cities:     []string{"c", "d"},
+					Hostnames:  []string{"e", "f"},
+					CustomPort: 1,
+				},
+			},
+			lines: []string{
+				"|--Windscribe settings:",
+				"   |--Network protocol: udp",
+				"   |--Regions: a, b",
+				"   |--Cities: c, d",
+				"   |--Hostnames: e, f",
+				"   |--Custom port: 1",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			lines := testCase.settings.lines()
+
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.lines, lines)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_readProtocol(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		mockStr string
+		mockErr error
+		tcp     bool
+		err     error
+	}{
+		"error": {
+			mockErr: errDummy,
+			err:     errDummy,
+		},
+		"success": {
+			mockStr: "tcp",
+			tcp:     true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+
+			env := mock_params.NewMockEnv(ctrl)
+			env.EXPECT().
+				Inside("PROTOCOL", []string{"tcp", "udp"}, gomock.Any()).
+				Return(testCase.mockStr, testCase.mockErr)
+
+			tcp, err := readProtocol(env)
+
+			if testCase.err != nil {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				assert.Equal(t, testCase.err.Error(), err.Error())
+			} else {
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+
+			assert.Equal(t, testCase.tcp, tcp)
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/publicip.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/publicip.go
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
+)
+
+type PublicIP struct {
+	Period     time.Duration `json:"period"`
+	IPFilepath string        `json:"ip_filepath"`
+}
+
+func (settings *PublicIP) String() string {
+	return strings.Join(settings.lines(), "\n")
+}
+
+func (settings *PublicIP) lines() (lines []string) {
+	if settings.Period == 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Public IP getter: disabled")
+		return lines
+	}
+
+	lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Public IP getter:")
+	lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Fetch period: "+settings.Period.String())
+	lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"IP file: "+settings.IPFilepath)
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+func (settings *PublicIP) read(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.Period, err = r.env.Duration("PUBLICIP_PERIOD", params.Default("12h"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.IPFilepath, err = r.env.Path("PUBLICIP_FILE", params.CaseSensitiveValue(),
+		params.Default("/tmp/gluetun/ip"),
+		params.RetroKeys([]string{"IP_STATUS_FILE"}, r.onRetroActive))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/purevpn.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/purevpn.go
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants"
+)
+
+func (settings *Provider) purevpnLines() (lines []string) {
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Regions) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Regions: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Regions))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Countries) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Countries: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Countries))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Cities) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Cities: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Cities))
+	}
+
+	if len(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames) > 0 {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Hostnames: "+commaJoin(settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames))
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+func (settings *Provider) readPurevpn(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.Name = constants.Purevpn
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TCP, err = readProtocol(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.TargetIP, err = readTargetIP(r.env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Regions, err = r.env.CSVInside("REGION", constants.PurevpnRegionChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Countries, err = r.env.CSVInside("COUNTRY", constants.PurevpnCountryChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Cities, err = r.env.CSVInside("CITY", constants.PurevpnCityChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings.ServerSelection.Hostnames, err = r.env.CSVInside("SERVER_HOSTNAME", constants.PurevpnHostnameChoices())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/reader.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/reader.go
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/verification"
+)
+
+type reader struct {
+	env    params.Env
+	logger logging.Logger
+	regex  verification.Regex
+	os     os.OS
+}
+
+func newReader(env params.Env, os os.OS, logger logging.Logger) reader {
+	return reader{
+		env:    env,
+		logger: logger,
+		regex:  verification.NewRegex(),
+		os:     os,
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *reader) onRetroActive(oldKey, newKey string) {
+	r.logger.Warn(
+		"You are using the old environment variable %s, please consider changing it to %s",
+		oldKey, newKey,
+	)
+}
+
+var (
+	ErrInvalidPort = errors.New("invalid port")
+)
+
+func readCSVPorts(env params.Env, key string) (ports []uint16, err error) {
+	s, err := env.Get(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else if len(s) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	portsStr := strings.Split(s, ",")
+	ports = make([]uint16, len(portsStr))
+	for i, portStr := range portsStr {
+		portInt, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %q from environment variable %s: %s",
+				ErrInvalidPort, portStr, key, err)
+		} else if portInt <= 0 || portInt > 65535 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %d from environment variable %s: must be between 1 and 65535",
+				ErrInvalidPort, portInt, key)
+		}
+		ports[i] = uint16(portInt)
+	}
+
+	return ports, nil
+}
+
+var (
+	ErrInvalidIPNet = errors.New("invalid IP network")
+)
+
+func readCSVIPNets(env params.Env, key string, options ...params.OptionSetter) (
+	ipNets []net.IPNet, err error) {
+	s, err := env.Get(key, options...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else if s == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	ipNetsStr := strings.Split(s, ",")
+	ipNets = make([]net.IPNet, len(ipNetsStr))
+	for i, ipNetStr := range ipNetsStr {
+		_, ipNet, err := net.ParseCIDR(ipNetStr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %q from environment variable %s: %s",
+				ErrInvalidIPNet, ipNetStr, key, err)
+		} else if ipNet == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %q from environment variable %s: subnet is nil",
+				ErrInvalidIPNet, ipNetStr, key)
+		}
+		ipNets[i] = *ipNet
+	}
+
+	return ipNets, nil
+}
+
+var (
+	ErrInvalidIP = errors.New("invalid IP address")
+)
+
+func readIP(env params.Env, key string) (ip net.IP, err error) {
+	s, err := env.Get(key)
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ip = net.ParseIP(s)
+	if ip == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrInvalidIP, s)
+	}
+
+	return ip, nil
+}
+
+func readPortOrZero(env params.Env, key string) (port uint16, err error) {
+	s, err := env.Get(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	if len(s) == 0 || s == "0" {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+
+	return env.Port(key)
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/secrets.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/secrets.go
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrGetSecretFilepath = errors.New("cannot get secret file path from env")
+	ErrReadSecretFile    = errors.New("cannot read secret file")
+	ErrSecretFileIsEmpty = errors.New("secret file is empty")
+	ErrReadNonSecretFile = errors.New("cannot read non secret file")
+	ErrFilesDoNotExist   = errors.New("files do not exist")
+)
+
+func (r *reader) getFromEnvOrSecretFile(envKey string, compulsory bool, retroKeys []string) (value string, err error) {
+	envOptions := []params.OptionSetter{
+		params.Compulsory(), // to fallback on file reading
+		params.CaseSensitiveValue(),
+		params.Unset(),
+		params.RetroKeys(retroKeys, r.onRetroActive),
+	}
+	value, envErr := r.env.Get(envKey, envOptions...)
+	if envErr == nil {
+		return value, nil
+	}
+
+	defaultSecretFile := "/run/secrets/" + strings.ToLower(envKey)
+	filepath, err := r.env.Get(envKey+"_SECRETFILE",
+		params.CaseSensitiveValue(),
+		params.Default(defaultSecretFile),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrGetSecretFilepath, err)
+	}
+
+	file, fileErr := r.os.OpenFile(filepath, os.O_RDONLY, 0)
+	if os.IsNotExist(fileErr) {
+		if compulsory {
+			return "", envErr
+		}
+		return "", nil
+	} else if fileErr != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrReadSecretFile, fileErr)
+	}
+
+	b, err := io.ReadAll(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrReadSecretFile, err)
+	}
+
+	value = string(b)
+	value = strings.TrimSuffix(value, "\n")
+	if compulsory && len(value) == 0 {
+		return "", ErrSecretFileIsEmpty
+	}
+
+	return value, nil
+}
+
+// Tries to read from the secret file then the non secret file.
+func (r *reader) getFromFileOrSecretFile(secretName, filepath string) (
+	b []byte, err error) {
+	defaultSecretFile := "/run/secrets/" + strings.ToLower(secretName)
+	secretFilepath, err := r.env.Get(strings.ToUpper(secretName)+"_SECRETFILE",
+		params.CaseSensitiveValue(),
+		params.Default(defaultSecretFile),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return b, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrGetSecretFilepath, err)
+	}
+
+	b, err = readFromFile(r.os.OpenFile, secretFilepath)
+	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return b, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrReadSecretFile, err)
+	} else if err == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+
+	// Secret file does not exist, try the non secret file
+	b, err = readFromFile(r.os.OpenFile, filepath)
+	if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrReadSecretFile, err)
+	} else if err == nil {
+		return b, nil
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s and %s", ErrFilesDoNotExist, secretFilepath, filepath)
+}
+
+func readFromFile(openFile os.OpenFileFunc, filepath string) (b []byte, err error) {
+	file, err := openFile(filepath, os.O_RDONLY, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	b, err = io.ReadAll(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = file.Close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := file.Close(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/selection.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/selection.go
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"net"
+)
+
+type ServerSelection struct { //nolint:maligned
+	// Common
+	TCP      bool   `json:"tcp"` // UDP if TCP is false
+	TargetIP net.IP `json:"target_ip,omitempty"`
+	// TODO comments
+	// Cyberghost, PIA, Protonvpn, Surfshark, Windscribe, Vyprvpn, NordVPN
+	Regions []string `json:"regions"`
+
+	// Cyberghost
+	Group string `json:"group"`
+
+	// Fastestvpn, HideMyAss, IPVanish, IVPN, Mullvad, PrivateVPN, Protonvpn, PureVPN, VPNUnlimited
+	Countries []string `json:"countries"`
+	// HideMyAss, IPVanish, IVPN, Mullvad, PrivateVPN, Protonvpn, PureVPN, VPNUnlimited, Windscribe
+	Cities []string `json:"cities"`
+	// Fastestvpn, HideMyAss, IPVanish, IVPN, PrivateVPN, Windscribe, Privado, Protonvpn, VPNUnlimited
+	Hostnames []string `json:"hostnames"`
+	Names     []string `json:"names"` // Protonvpn
+
+	// Mullvad
+	ISPs  []string `json:"isps"`
+	Owned bool     `json:"owned"`
+
+	// Mullvad, Windscribe, PIA
+	CustomPort uint16 `json:"custom_port"`
+
+	// NordVPN
+	Numbers []uint16 `json:"numbers"`
+
+	// PIA
+	EncryptionPreset string `json:"encryption_preset"`
+
+	// ProtonVPN
+	FreeOnly bool `json:"free_only"`
+
+	// VPNUnlimited
+	StreamOnly bool `json:"stream_only"`
+}
+
+type ExtraConfigOptions struct {
+	ClientCertificate string `json:"-"`                 // Cyberghost
+	ClientKey         string `json:"-"`                 // Cyberghost, VPNUnlimited
+	EncryptionPreset  string `json:"encryption_preset"` // PIA
+	OpenVPNIPv6       bool   `json:"openvpn_ipv6"`      // Mullvad
+}
+
+// PortForwarding contains settings for port forwarding.
+type PortForwarding struct {
+	Enabled  bool   `json:"enabled"`
+	Filepath string `json:"filepath"`
+}
+
+func (p *PortForwarding) lines() (lines []string) {
+	return []string{
+		lastIndent + "File path: " + p.Filepath,
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/server.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/server.go
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
+)
+
+// ControlServer contains settings to customize the control server operation.
+type ControlServer struct {
+	Port uint16
+	Log  bool
+}
+
+func (settings *ControlServer) String() string {
+	return strings.Join(settings.lines(), "\n")
+}
+
+func (settings *ControlServer) lines() (lines []string) {
+	lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"HTTP control server:")
+
+	lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Listening port: "+strconv.Itoa(int(settings.Port)))
+
+	if settings.Log {
+		lines = append(lines, indent+lastIndent+"Logging: enabled")
+	}
+
+	return lines
+}
+
+func (settings *ControlServer) read(r reader) (err error) {
+	settings.Log, err = r.env.OnOff("HTTP_CONTROL_SERVER_LOG", params.Default("on"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var warning string
+	settings.Port, warning, err = r.env.ListeningPort(
+		"HTTP_CONTROL_SERVER_PORT", params.Default("8000"))
+	if len(warning) > 0 {
+		r.logger.Warn(warning)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings.go
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+package configuration
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/logging"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/os"
+	"github.com/qdm12/golibs/params"
+)
+
+// Settings contains all settings for the program to run.
+type Settings struct {
+	OpenVPN            OpenVPN
+	System             System
+	DNS                DNS
+	Firewall           Firewall
+	HTTPProxy          HTTPProxy
+	ShadowSocks        ShadowSocks
+	Updater            Updater
+	PublicIP           PublicIP
+	VersionInformation bool
+	ControlServer      ControlServer
+}
+
+func (settings *Settings) String() string {
+	return strings.Join(settings.lines(), "\n")
+}
+
+func (settings *Settings) lines() (lines []string) {
+	lines = append(lines, "Settings summary below:")
+	lines = append(lines, settings.OpenVPN.lines()...)
+	lines = append(lines, settings.DNS.lines()...)
+	lines = append(lines, settings.Firewall.lines()...)
+	lines = append(lines, settings.System.lines()...)
+	lines = append(lines, settings.HTTPProxy.lines()...)
+	lines = append(lines, settings.ShadowSocks.lines()...)
+	lines = append(lines, settings.ControlServer.lines()...)
+	lines = append(lines, settings.Updater.lines()...)
+	lines = append(lines, settings.PublicIP.lines()...)
+	if settings.VersionInformation {
+		lines = append(lines, lastIndent+"Github version information: enabled")
+	}
+	return lines
+}
+
+var (
+	ErrOpenvpn       = errors.New("cannot read Openvpn settings")
+	ErrSystem        = errors.New("cannot read System settings")
+	ErrDNS           = errors.New("cannot read DNS settings")
+	ErrFirewall      = errors.New("cannot read firewall settings")
+	ErrHTTPProxy     = errors.New("cannot read HTTP proxy settings")
+	ErrShadowsocks   = errors.New("cannot read Shadowsocks settings")
+	ErrControlServer = errors.New("cannot read control server settings")
+	ErrUpdater       = errors.New("cannot read Updater settings")
+	ErrPublicIP      = errors.New("cannot read Public IP getter settings")
+)
+
+// Read obtains all configuration options for the program and returns an error as soon
+// as an error is encountered reading them.
+func (settings *Settings) Read(env params.Env, os os.OS, logger logging.Logger) (err error) {
+	r := newReader(env, os, logger)
+
+	settings.VersionInformation, err = r.env.OnOff("VERSION_INFORMATION", params.Default("on"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := settings.OpenVPN.read(r); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrOpenvpn, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := settings.System.read(r); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrSystem, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := settings.DNS.read(r); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrDNS, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := settings.Firewall.read(r); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrFirewall, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := settings.HTTPProxy.read(r); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrHTTPProxy, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := settings.ShadowSocks.read(r); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrShadowsocks, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := settings.ControlServer.read(r); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrControlServer, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := settings.Updater.read(r); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrUpdater, err)
+	}
+
+	if ip := settings.DNS.PlaintextAddress; ip != nil {
+		settings.Updater.DNSAddress = ip.String()
+	}
+
+	if err := settings.PublicIP.read(r); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrPublicIP, err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/dns.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/dns.go
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// DNS contains settings to configure DNS.
-type DNS struct {
-	// ServerAddress is the DNS server to use inside
-	// the Go program and for the system.
-	// It defaults to '127.0.0.1' to be used with the
-	// DoT server. It cannot be nil in the internal
-	// state.
-	ServerAddress net.IP
-	// KeepNameserver is true if the Docker DNS server
-	// found in /etc/resolv.conf should be kept.
-	// Note settings this to true will go around the
-	// DoT server blocking.
-	// It defaults to false and cannot be nil in the
-	// internal state.
-	KeepNameserver *bool
-	// DOT contains settings to configure the DoT
-	// server.
-	DoT DoT
-}
-
-func (d DNS) validate() (err error) {
-	err = d.DoT.validate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed validating DoT settings: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (d *DNS) Copy() (copied DNS) {
-	return DNS{
-		ServerAddress:  helpers.CopyIP(d.ServerAddress),
-		KeepNameserver: helpers.CopyBoolPtr(d.KeepNameserver),
-		DoT:            d.DoT.copy(),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (d *DNS) mergeWith(other DNS) {
-	d.ServerAddress = helpers.MergeWithIP(d.ServerAddress, other.ServerAddress)
-	d.KeepNameserver = helpers.MergeWithBool(d.KeepNameserver, other.KeepNameserver)
-	d.DoT.mergeWith(other.DoT)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (d *DNS) overrideWith(other DNS) {
-	d.ServerAddress = helpers.OverrideWithIP(d.ServerAddress, other.ServerAddress)
-	d.KeepNameserver = helpers.OverrideWithBool(d.KeepNameserver, other.KeepNameserver)
-	d.DoT.overrideWith(other.DoT)
-}
-
-func (d *DNS) setDefaults() {
-	localhost := net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1) //nolint:gomnd
-	d.ServerAddress = helpers.DefaultIP(d.ServerAddress, localhost)
-	d.KeepNameserver = helpers.DefaultBool(d.KeepNameserver, false)
-	d.DoT.setDefaults()
-}
-
-func (d DNS) String() string {
-	return d.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (d DNS) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("DNS settings:")
-	node.Appendf("DNS server address to use: %s", d.ServerAddress)
-	node.Appendf("Keep existing nameserver(s): %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(d.KeepNameserver))
-	node.AppendNode(d.DoT.toLinesNode())
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/dnsblacklist.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/dnsblacklist.go
@@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"regexp"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/dns/pkg/blacklist"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-	"inet.af/netaddr"
-)
-
-// DNSBlacklist is settings for the DNS blacklist building.
-type DNSBlacklist struct {
-	BlockMalicious       *bool
-	BlockAds             *bool
-	BlockSurveillance    *bool
-	AllowedHosts         []string
-	AddBlockedHosts      []string
-	AddBlockedIPs        []netaddr.IP
-	AddBlockedIPPrefixes []netaddr.IPPrefix
-}
-
-func (b *DNSBlacklist) setDefaults() {
-	b.BlockMalicious = helpers.DefaultBool(b.BlockMalicious, true)
-	b.BlockAds = helpers.DefaultBool(b.BlockAds, false)
-	b.BlockSurveillance = helpers.DefaultBool(b.BlockSurveillance, true)
-}
-
-var hostRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^([a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9_][a-zA-Z0-9\-_]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9_])(\.([a-zA-Z0-9]|[a-zA-Z0-9_][a-zA-Z0-9\-_]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9]))*$`) //nolint:lll
-
-var (
-	ErrAllowedHostNotValid = errors.New("allowed host is not valid")
-	ErrBlockedHostNotValid = errors.New("blocked host is not valid")
-)
-
-func (b DNSBlacklist) validate() (err error) {
-	for _, host := range b.AllowedHosts {
-		if !hostRegex.MatchString(host) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrAllowedHostNotValid, host)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, host := range b.AddBlockedHosts {
-		if !hostRegex.MatchString(host) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrBlockedHostNotValid, host)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (b DNSBlacklist) copy() (copied DNSBlacklist) {
-	return DNSBlacklist{
-		BlockMalicious:       helpers.CopyBoolPtr(b.BlockMalicious),
-		BlockAds:             helpers.CopyBoolPtr(b.BlockAds),
-		BlockSurveillance:    helpers.CopyBoolPtr(b.BlockSurveillance),
-		AllowedHosts:         helpers.CopyStringSlice(b.AllowedHosts),
-		AddBlockedHosts:      helpers.CopyStringSlice(b.AddBlockedHosts),
-		AddBlockedIPs:        helpers.CopyNetaddrIPsSlice(b.AddBlockedIPs),
-		AddBlockedIPPrefixes: helpers.CopyIPPrefixSlice(b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes),
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *DNSBlacklist) mergeWith(other DNSBlacklist) {
-	b.BlockMalicious = helpers.MergeWithBool(b.BlockMalicious, other.BlockMalicious)
-	b.BlockAds = helpers.MergeWithBool(b.BlockAds, other.BlockAds)
-	b.BlockSurveillance = helpers.MergeWithBool(b.BlockSurveillance, other.BlockSurveillance)
-	b.AllowedHosts = helpers.MergeStringSlices(b.AllowedHosts, other.AllowedHosts)
-	b.AddBlockedHosts = helpers.MergeStringSlices(b.AddBlockedHosts, other.AddBlockedHosts)
-	b.AddBlockedIPs = helpers.MergeNetaddrIPsSlices(b.AddBlockedIPs, other.AddBlockedIPs)
-	b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes = helpers.MergeIPPrefixesSlices(b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes, other.AddBlockedIPPrefixes)
-}
-
-func (b *DNSBlacklist) overrideWith(other DNSBlacklist) {
-	b.BlockMalicious = helpers.OverrideWithBool(b.BlockMalicious, other.BlockMalicious)
-	b.BlockAds = helpers.OverrideWithBool(b.BlockAds, other.BlockAds)
-	b.BlockSurveillance = helpers.OverrideWithBool(b.BlockSurveillance, other.BlockSurveillance)
-	b.AllowedHosts = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(b.AllowedHosts, other.AllowedHosts)
-	b.AddBlockedHosts = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(b.AddBlockedHosts, other.AddBlockedHosts)
-	b.AddBlockedIPs = helpers.OverrideWithNetaddrIPsSlice(b.AddBlockedIPs, other.AddBlockedIPs)
-	b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes = helpers.OverrideWithIPPrefixesSlice(b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes, other.AddBlockedIPPrefixes)
-}
-
-func (b DNSBlacklist) ToBlacklistFormat() (settings blacklist.BuilderSettings, err error) {
-	return blacklist.BuilderSettings{
-		BlockMalicious:       *b.BlockMalicious,
-		BlockAds:             *b.BlockAds,
-		BlockSurveillance:    *b.BlockSurveillance,
-		AllowedHosts:         b.AllowedHosts,
-		AddBlockedHosts:      b.AddBlockedHosts,
-		AddBlockedIPs:        b.AddBlockedIPs,
-		AddBlockedIPPrefixes: b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (b DNSBlacklist) String() string {
-	return b.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (b DNSBlacklist) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("DNS filtering settings:")
-
-	node.Appendf("Block malicious: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(b.BlockMalicious))
-	node.Appendf("Block ads: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(b.BlockAds))
-	node.Appendf("Block surveillance: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(b.BlockSurveillance))
-
-	if len(b.AllowedHosts) > 0 {
-		allowedHostsNode := node.Appendf("Allowed hosts:")
-		for _, host := range b.AllowedHosts {
-			allowedHostsNode.Appendf(host)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(b.AddBlockedHosts) > 0 {
-		blockedHostsNode := node.Appendf("Blocked hosts:")
-		for _, host := range b.AddBlockedHosts {
-			blockedHostsNode.Appendf(host)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(b.AddBlockedIPs) > 0 {
-		blockedIPsNode := node.Appendf("Blocked IP addresses:")
-		for _, ip := range b.AddBlockedIPs {
-			blockedIPsNode.Appendf(ip.String())
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes) > 0 {
-		blockedIPPrefixesNode := node.Appendf("Blocked IP networks:")
-		for _, ipNetwork := range b.AddBlockedIPPrefixes {
-			blockedIPPrefixesNode.Appendf(ipNetwork.String())
-		}
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/dot.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/dot.go
@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// DoT contains settings to configure the DoT server.
-type DoT struct {
-	// Enabled is true if the DoT server should be running
-	// and used. It defaults to true, and cannot be nil
-	// in the internal state.
-	Enabled *bool
-	// UpdatePeriod is the period to update DNS block
-	// lists and cryptographic files for DNSSEC validation.
-	// It can be set to 0 to disable the update.
-	// It defaults to 24h and cannot be nil in
-	// the internal state.
-	UpdatePeriod *time.Duration
-	// Unbound contains settings to configure Unbound.
-	Unbound Unbound
-	// Blacklist contains settings to configure the filter
-	// block lists.
-	Blacklist DNSBlacklist
-}
-
-var (
-	ErrDoTUpdatePeriodTooShort = errors.New("update period is too short")
-)
-
-func (d DoT) validate() (err error) {
-	const minUpdatePeriod = 30 * time.Second
-	if *d.UpdatePeriod != 0 && *d.UpdatePeriod < minUpdatePeriod {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s must be bigger than %s",
-			ErrDoTUpdatePeriodTooShort, *d.UpdatePeriod, minUpdatePeriod)
-	}
-
-	err = d.Unbound.validate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = d.Blacklist.validate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (d *DoT) copy() (copied DoT) {
-	return DoT{
-		Enabled:      helpers.CopyBoolPtr(d.Enabled),
-		UpdatePeriod: helpers.CopyDurationPtr(d.UpdatePeriod),
-		Unbound:      d.Unbound.copy(),
-		Blacklist:    d.Blacklist.copy(),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (d *DoT) mergeWith(other DoT) {
-	d.Enabled = helpers.MergeWithBool(d.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	d.UpdatePeriod = helpers.MergeWithDuration(d.UpdatePeriod, other.UpdatePeriod)
-	d.Unbound.mergeWith(other.Unbound)
-	d.Blacklist.mergeWith(other.Blacklist)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (d *DoT) overrideWith(other DoT) {
-	d.Enabled = helpers.OverrideWithBool(d.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	d.UpdatePeriod = helpers.OverrideWithDuration(d.UpdatePeriod, other.UpdatePeriod)
-	d.Unbound.overrideWith(other.Unbound)
-	d.Blacklist.overrideWith(other.Blacklist)
-}
-
-func (d *DoT) setDefaults() {
-	d.Enabled = helpers.DefaultBool(d.Enabled, true)
-	const defaultUpdatePeriod = 24 * time.Hour
-	d.UpdatePeriod = helpers.DefaultDuration(d.UpdatePeriod, defaultUpdatePeriod)
-	d.Unbound.setDefaults()
-	d.Blacklist.setDefaults()
-}
-
-func (d DoT) String() string {
-	return d.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (d DoT) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("DNS over TLS settings:")
-
-	node.Appendf("Enabled: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(d.Enabled))
-	if !*d.Enabled {
-		return node
-	}
-
-	update := "disabled"
-	if *d.UpdatePeriod > 0 {
-		update = "every " + d.UpdatePeriod.String()
-	}
-	node.Appendf("Update period: %s", update)
-
-	node.AppendNode(d.Unbound.toLinesNode())
-	node.AppendNode(d.Blacklist.toLinesNode())
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/errors.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/errors.go
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import "errors"
-
-var (
-	ErrCityNotValid                    = errors.New("the city specified is not valid")
-	ErrControlServerPrivilegedPort     = errors.New("cannot use privileged port without running as root")
-	ErrCountryNotValid                 = errors.New("the country specified is not valid")
-	ErrFilepathMissing                 = errors.New("filepath is missing")
-	ErrFirewallZeroPort                = errors.New("cannot have a zero port to block")
-	ErrHostnameNotValid                = errors.New("the hostname specified is not valid")
-	ErrISPNotValid                     = errors.New("the ISP specified is not valid")
-	ErrMinRatioNotValid                = errors.New("minimum ratio is not valid")
-	ErrMissingValue                    = errors.New("missing value")
-	ErrNameNotValid                    = errors.New("the server name specified is not valid")
-	ErrOpenVPNClientKeyMissing         = errors.New("client key is missing")
-	ErrOpenVPNCustomPortNotAllowed     = errors.New("custom endpoint port is not allowed")
-	ErrOpenVPNEncryptionPresetNotValid = errors.New("PIA encryption preset is not valid")
-	ErrOpenVPNInterfaceNotValid        = errors.New("interface name is not valid")
-	ErrOpenVPNMSSFixIsTooHigh          = errors.New("mssfix option value is too high")
-	ErrOpenVPNPasswordIsEmpty          = errors.New("password is empty")
-	ErrOpenVPNTCPNotSupported          = errors.New("TCP protocol is not supported")
-	ErrOpenVPNUserIsEmpty              = errors.New("user is empty")
-	ErrOpenVPNVerbosityIsOutOfBounds   = errors.New("verbosity value is out of bounds")
-	ErrOpenVPNVersionIsNotValid        = errors.New("version is not valid")
-	ErrPortForwardingEnabled           = errors.New("port forwarding cannot be enabled")
-	ErrPublicIPPeriodTooShort          = errors.New("public IP address check period is too short")
-	ErrRegionNotValid                  = errors.New("the region specified is not valid")
-	ErrServerAddressNotValid           = errors.New("server listening address is not valid")
-	ErrSystemPGIDNotValid              = errors.New("process group id is not valid")
-	ErrSystemPUIDNotValid              = errors.New("process user id is not valid")
-	ErrSystemTimezoneNotValid          = errors.New("timezone is not valid")
-	ErrUpdaterPeriodTooSmall           = errors.New("VPN server data updater period is too small")
-	ErrVPNProviderNameNotValid         = errors.New("VPN provider name is not valid")
-	ErrVPNTypeNotValid                 = errors.New("VPN type is not valid")
-	ErrWireguardEndpointIPNotSet       = errors.New("endpoint IP is not set")
-	ErrWireguardEndpointPortNotAllowed = errors.New("endpoint port is not allowed")
-	ErrWireguardEndpointPortNotSet     = errors.New("endpoint port is not set")
-	ErrWireguardInterfaceAddressNotSet = errors.New("interface address is not set")
-	ErrWireguardInterfaceNotValid      = errors.New("interface name is not valid")
-	ErrWireguardPreSharedKeyNotSet     = errors.New("pre-shared key is not set")
-	ErrWireguardPrivateKeyNotSet       = errors.New("private key is not set")
-	ErrWireguardPublicKeyNotSet        = errors.New("public key is not set")
-	ErrWireguardPublicKeyNotValid      = errors.New("public key is not valid")
-)
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/firewall.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/firewall.go
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// Firewall contains settings to customize the firewall operation.
-type Firewall struct {
-	VPNInputPorts   []uint16
-	InputPorts      []uint16
-	OutboundSubnets []net.IPNet
-	Enabled         *bool
-	Debug           *bool
-}
-
-func (f Firewall) validate() (err error) {
-	if hasZeroPort(f.VPNInputPorts) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("VPN input ports: %w", ErrFirewallZeroPort)
-	}
-
-	if hasZeroPort(f.InputPorts) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("input ports: %w", ErrFirewallZeroPort)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func hasZeroPort(ports []uint16) (has bool) {
-	for _, port := range ports {
-		if port == 0 {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func (f *Firewall) copy() (copied Firewall) {
-	return Firewall{
-		VPNInputPorts:   helpers.CopyUint16Slice(f.VPNInputPorts),
-		InputPorts:      helpers.CopyUint16Slice(f.InputPorts),
-		OutboundSubnets: helpers.CopyIPNetSlice(f.OutboundSubnets),
-		Enabled:         helpers.CopyBoolPtr(f.Enabled),
-		Debug:           helpers.CopyBoolPtr(f.Debug),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-// It merges values of slices together, even if they
-// are set in the receiver settings.
-func (f *Firewall) mergeWith(other Firewall) {
-	f.VPNInputPorts = helpers.MergeUint16Slices(f.VPNInputPorts, other.VPNInputPorts)
-	f.InputPorts = helpers.MergeUint16Slices(f.InputPorts, other.InputPorts)
-	f.OutboundSubnets = helpers.MergeIPNetsSlices(f.OutboundSubnets, other.OutboundSubnets)
-	f.Enabled = helpers.MergeWithBool(f.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	f.Debug = helpers.MergeWithBool(f.Debug, other.Debug)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (f *Firewall) overrideWith(other Firewall) {
-	f.VPNInputPorts = helpers.OverrideWithUint16Slice(f.VPNInputPorts, other.VPNInputPorts)
-	f.InputPorts = helpers.OverrideWithUint16Slice(f.InputPorts, other.InputPorts)
-	f.OutboundSubnets = helpers.OverrideWithIPNetsSlice(f.OutboundSubnets, other.OutboundSubnets)
-	f.Enabled = helpers.OverrideWithBool(f.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	f.Debug = helpers.OverrideWithBool(f.Debug, other.Debug)
-}
-
-func (f *Firewall) setDefaults() {
-	f.Enabled = helpers.DefaultBool(f.Enabled, true)
-	f.Debug = helpers.DefaultBool(f.Debug, false)
-}
-
-func (f Firewall) String() string {
-	return f.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (f Firewall) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Firewall settings:")
-
-	node.Appendf("Enabled: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(f.Enabled))
-	if !*f.Enabled {
-		return node
-	}
-
-	if *f.Debug {
-		node.Appendf("Debug mode: on")
-	}
-
-	if len(f.VPNInputPorts) > 0 {
-		vpnInputPortsNode := node.Appendf("VPN input ports:")
-		for _, port := range f.VPNInputPorts {
-			vpnInputPortsNode.Appendf("%d", port)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(f.InputPorts) > 0 {
-		inputPortsNode := node.Appendf("Input ports:")
-		for _, port := range f.InputPorts {
-			inputPortsNode.Appendf("%d", port)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(f.OutboundSubnets) > 0 {
-		outboundSubnets := node.Appendf("Outbound subnets:")
-		for _, subnet := range f.OutboundSubnets {
-			outboundSubnets.Appendf("%s", subnet)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/health.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/health.go
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-	"github.com/qdm12/govalid/address"
-)
-
-// Health contains settings for the healthcheck and health server.
-type Health struct {
-	// ServerAddress is the listening address
-	// for the health check server.
-	// It cannot be the empty string in the internal state.
-	ServerAddress string
-	// TargetAddress is the address (host or host:port)
-	// to TCP dial to periodically for the health check.
-	// It cannot be the empty string in the internal state.
-	TargetAddress string
-	VPN           HealthyWait
-}
-
-func (h Health) Validate() (err error) {
-	uid := os.Getuid()
-	_, err = address.Validate(h.ServerAddress,
-		address.OptionListening(uid))
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("server listening address is not valid: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = h.VPN.validate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("health VPN settings: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (h *Health) copy() (copied Health) {
-	return Health{
-		ServerAddress: h.ServerAddress,
-		TargetAddress: h.TargetAddress,
-		VPN:           h.VPN.copy(),
-	}
-}
-
-// MergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (h *Health) MergeWith(other Health) {
-	h.ServerAddress = helpers.MergeWithString(h.ServerAddress, other.ServerAddress)
-	h.TargetAddress = helpers.MergeWithString(h.TargetAddress, other.TargetAddress)
-	h.VPN.mergeWith(other.VPN)
-}
-
-// OverrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (h *Health) OverrideWith(other Health) {
-	h.ServerAddress = helpers.OverrideWithString(h.ServerAddress, other.ServerAddress)
-	h.TargetAddress = helpers.OverrideWithString(h.TargetAddress, other.TargetAddress)
-	h.VPN.overrideWith(other.VPN)
-}
-
-func (h *Health) SetDefaults() {
-	h.ServerAddress = helpers.DefaultString(h.ServerAddress, "127.0.0.1:9999")
-	h.TargetAddress = helpers.DefaultString(h.TargetAddress, "cloudflare.com:443")
-	h.VPN.setDefaults()
-}
-
-func (h Health) String() string {
-	return h.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (h Health) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Health settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Server listening address: %s", h.ServerAddress)
-	node.Appendf("Target address: %s", h.TargetAddress)
-	node.AppendNode(h.VPN.toLinesNode("VPN"))
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/healthywait.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/healthywait.go
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-type HealthyWait struct {
-	// Initial is the initial duration to wait for the program
-	// to be healthy before taking action.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Initial *time.Duration
-	// Addition is the duration to add to the Initial duration
-	// after Initial has expired to wait longer for the program
-	// to be healthy.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Addition *time.Duration
-}
-
-func (h HealthyWait) validate() (err error) {
-	return nil
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (h *HealthyWait) copy() (copied HealthyWait) {
-	return HealthyWait{
-		Initial:  helpers.CopyDurationPtr(h.Initial),
-		Addition: helpers.CopyDurationPtr(h.Addition),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (h *HealthyWait) mergeWith(other HealthyWait) {
-	h.Initial = helpers.MergeWithDuration(h.Initial, other.Initial)
-	h.Addition = helpers.MergeWithDuration(h.Addition, other.Addition)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (h *HealthyWait) overrideWith(other HealthyWait) {
-	h.Initial = helpers.OverrideWithDuration(h.Initial, other.Initial)
-	h.Addition = helpers.OverrideWithDuration(h.Addition, other.Addition)
-}
-
-func (h *HealthyWait) setDefaults() {
-	const initialDurationDefault = 6 * time.Second
-	const additionDurationDefault = 5 * time.Second
-	h.Initial = helpers.DefaultDuration(h.Initial, initialDurationDefault)
-	h.Addition = helpers.DefaultDuration(h.Addition, additionDurationDefault)
-}
-
-func (h HealthyWait) String() string {
-	return h.toLinesNode("Health").String()
-}
-
-func (h HealthyWait) toLinesNode(kind string) (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New(kind + " wait durations:")
-	node.Appendf("Initial duration: %s", *h.Initial)
-	node.Appendf("Additional duration: %s", *h.Addition)
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/belong.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/belong.go
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-func IsOneOf(value string, choices ...string) (ok bool) {
-	for _, choice := range choices {
-		if value == choice {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-var (
-	ErrNoChoice      = errors.New("one or more values is set but there is no possible value available")
-	ErrValueNotOneOf = errors.New("value is not one of the possible choices")
-)
-
-func AreAllOneOf(values, choices []string) (err error) {
-	if len(values) > 0 && len(choices) == 0 {
-		return ErrNoChoice
-	}
-
-	set := make(map[string]struct{}, len(choices))
-	for _, choice := range choices {
-		choice = strings.ToLower(choice)
-		set[choice] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	for _, value := range values {
-		_, ok := set[value]
-		if !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: value %q, choices available are %s",
-				ErrValueNotOneOf, value, strings.Join(choices, ", "))
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func Uint16IsOneOf(port uint16, choices []uint16) (ok bool) {
-	for _, choice := range choices {
-		if port == choice {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/copy.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/copy.go
@@ -1,199 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/log"
-	"inet.af/netaddr"
-)
-
-func CopyStringPtr(original *string) (copied *string) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	copied = new(string)
-	*copied = *original
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyBoolPtr(original *bool) (copied *bool) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	copied = new(bool)
-	*copied = *original
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyUint8Ptr(original *uint8) (copied *uint8) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	copied = new(uint8)
-	*copied = *original
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyUint16Ptr(original *uint16) (copied *uint16) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	copied = new(uint16)
-	*copied = *original
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyUint32Ptr(original *uint32) (copied *uint32) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	copied = new(uint32)
-	*copied = *original
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyIntPtr(original *int) (copied *int) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	copied = new(int)
-	*copied = *original
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyDurationPtr(original *time.Duration) (copied *time.Duration) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	copied = new(time.Duration)
-	*copied = *original
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyLogLevelPtr(original *log.Level) (copied *log.Level) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	copied = new(log.Level)
-	*copied = *original
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyIP(original net.IP) (copied net.IP) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	copied = make(net.IP, len(original))
-	copy(copied, original)
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyIPNet(original net.IPNet) (copied net.IPNet) {
-	if original.IP != nil {
-		copied.IP = make(net.IP, len(original.IP))
-		copy(copied.IP, original.IP)
-	}
-
-	if original.Mask != nil {
-		copied.Mask = make(net.IPMask, len(original.Mask))
-		copy(copied.Mask, original.Mask)
-	}
-
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyIPNetPtr(original *net.IPNet) (copied *net.IPNet) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	copied = new(net.IPNet)
-	*copied = CopyIPNet(*original)
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyNetaddrIP(original netaddr.IP) (copied netaddr.IP) {
-	b, err := original.MarshalBinary()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	err = copied.UnmarshalBinary(b)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyIPPrefix(original netaddr.IPPrefix) (copied netaddr.IPPrefix) {
-	b, err := original.MarshalText()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	err = copied.UnmarshalText(b)
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyStringSlice(original []string) (copied []string) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	copied = make([]string, len(original))
-	copy(copied, original)
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyUint16Slice(original []uint16) (copied []uint16) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	copied = make([]uint16, len(original))
-	copy(copied, original)
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyIPNetSlice(original []net.IPNet) (copied []net.IPNet) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	copied = make([]net.IPNet, len(original))
-	for i := range original {
-		copied[i] = CopyIPNet(original[i])
-	}
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyIPPrefixSlice(original []netaddr.IPPrefix) (copied []netaddr.IPPrefix) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	copied = make([]netaddr.IPPrefix, len(original))
-	for i := range original {
-		copied[i] = CopyIPPrefix(original[i])
-	}
-	return copied
-}
-
-func CopyNetaddrIPsSlice(original []netaddr.IP) (copied []netaddr.IP) {
-	if original == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	copied = make([]netaddr.IP, len(original))
-	for i := range original {
-		copied[i] = CopyNetaddrIP(original[i])
-	}
-
-	return copied
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/default.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/default.go
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/log"
-)
-
-func DefaultInt(existing *int, defaultValue int) (
-	result *int) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(int)
-	*result = defaultValue
-	return result
-}
-
-func DefaultUint8(existing *uint8, defaultValue uint8) (
-	result *uint8) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(uint8)
-	*result = defaultValue
-	return result
-}
-
-func DefaultUint16(existing *uint16, defaultValue uint16) (
-	result *uint16) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(uint16)
-	*result = defaultValue
-	return result
-}
-func DefaultUint32(existing *uint32, defaultValue uint32) (
-	result *uint32) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(uint32)
-	*result = defaultValue
-	return result
-}
-
-func DefaultBool(existing *bool, defaultValue bool) (
-	result *bool) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(bool)
-	*result = defaultValue
-	return result
-}
-
-func DefaultString(existing string, defaultValue string) (
-	result string) {
-	if existing != "" {
-		return existing
-	}
-	return defaultValue
-}
-
-func DefaultStringPtr(existing *string, defaultValue string) (result *string) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(string)
-	*result = defaultValue
-	return result
-}
-
-func DefaultDuration(existing *time.Duration,
-	defaultValue time.Duration) (result *time.Duration) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(time.Duration)
-	*result = defaultValue
-	return result
-}
-
-func DefaultLogLevel(existing *log.Level,
-	defaultValue log.Level) (result *log.Level) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(log.Level)
-	*result = defaultValue
-	return result
-}
-
-func DefaultIP(existing net.IP, defaultValue net.IP) (
-	result net.IP) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	return defaultValue
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/files.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/files.go
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-)
-
-var (
-	ErrFileDoesNotExist = errors.New("file does not exist")
-	ErrFileRead         = errors.New("cannot read file")
-	ErrFileClose        = errors.New("cannot close file")
-)
-
-func FileExists(path string) (err error) {
-	path = filepath.Clean(path)
-
-	f, err := os.Open(path)
-	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrFileDoesNotExist, path)
-	} else if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrFileRead, err)
-	}
-
-	if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrFileClose, err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/merge.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/merge.go
@@ -1,259 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/log"
-	"inet.af/netaddr"
-)
-
-func MergeWithBool(existing, other *bool) (result *bool) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	} else if other == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	result = new(bool)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeWithString(existing, other string) (result string) {
-	if existing != "" {
-		return existing
-	}
-	return other
-}
-
-func MergeWithInt(existing, other int) (result int) {
-	if existing != 0 {
-		return existing
-	}
-	return other
-}
-
-func MergeWithFloat64(existing, other float64) (result float64) {
-	if existing != 0 {
-		return existing
-	}
-	return other
-}
-
-func MergeWithStringPtr(existing, other *string) (result *string) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	} else if other == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	result = new(string)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeWithIntPtr(existing, other *int) (result *int) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	} else if other == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	result = new(int)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeWithUint8(existing, other *uint8) (result *uint8) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	} else if other == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	result = new(uint8)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeWithUint16(existing, other *uint16) (result *uint16) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	} else if other == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	result = new(uint16)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeWithUint32(existing, other *uint32) (result *uint32) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	} else if other == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	result = new(uint32)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeWithIP(existing, other net.IP) (result net.IP) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	} else if other == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	result = make(net.IP, len(other))
-	copy(result, other)
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeWithDuration(existing, other *time.Duration) (result *time.Duration) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	return other
-}
-
-func MergeWithLogLevel(existing, other *log.Level) (result *log.Level) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	} else if other == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	result = new(log.Level)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeWithHTTPHandler(existing, other http.Handler) (result http.Handler) {
-	if existing != nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	return other
-}
-
-func MergeStringSlices(a, b []string) (result []string) {
-	if a == nil && b == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(a)+len(b))
-	result = make([]string, 0, len(a)+len(b))
-	for _, s := range a {
-		if _, ok := seen[s]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, s)
-		seen[s] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	for _, s := range b {
-		if _, ok := seen[s]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, s)
-		seen[s] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeUint16Slices(a, b []uint16) (result []uint16) {
-	if a == nil && b == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	seen := make(map[uint16]struct{}, len(a)+len(b))
-	result = make([]uint16, 0, len(a)+len(b))
-	for _, n := range a {
-		if _, ok := seen[n]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, n)
-		seen[n] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	for _, n := range b {
-		if _, ok := seen[n]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, n)
-		seen[n] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeIPNetsSlices(a, b []net.IPNet) (result []net.IPNet) {
-	if a == nil && b == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(a)+len(b))
-	result = make([]net.IPNet, 0, len(a)+len(b))
-	for _, ipNet := range a {
-		key := ipNet.String()
-		if _, ok := seen[key]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, ipNet)
-		seen[key] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	for _, ipNet := range b {
-		key := ipNet.String()
-		if _, ok := seen[key]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, ipNet)
-		seen[key] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeNetaddrIPsSlices(a, b []netaddr.IP) (result []netaddr.IP) {
-	if a == nil && b == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(a)+len(b))
-	result = make([]netaddr.IP, 0, len(a)+len(b))
-	for _, ip := range a {
-		key := ip.String()
-		if _, ok := seen[key]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, ip)
-		seen[key] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	for _, ip := range b {
-		key := ip.String()
-		if _, ok := seen[key]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, ip)
-		seen[key] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	return result
-}
-
-func MergeIPPrefixesSlices(a, b []netaddr.IPPrefix) (result []netaddr.IPPrefix) {
-	if a == nil && b == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(a)+len(b))
-	result = make([]netaddr.IPPrefix, 0, len(a)+len(b))
-	for _, ipPrefix := range a {
-		key := ipPrefix.String()
-		if _, ok := seen[key]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, ipPrefix)
-		seen[key] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	for _, ipPrefix := range b {
-		key := ipPrefix.String()
-		if _, ok := seen[key]; ok {
-			continue // duplicate
-		}
-		result = append(result, ipPrefix)
-		seen[key] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	return result
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/messages.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/messages.go
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-func ChoicesOrString(choices []string) string {
-	return strings.Join(
-		choices[:len(choices)-1], ", ") +
-		" or " + choices[len(choices)-1]
-}
-
-func PortChoicesOrString(ports []uint16) (s string) {
-	switch len(ports) {
-	case 0:
-		return "there is no allowed port"
-	case 1:
-		return "allowed port is " + fmt.Sprint(ports[0])
-	}
-
-	s = "allowed ports are "
-	portStrings := make([]string, len(ports))
-	for i := range ports {
-		portStrings[i] = fmt.Sprint(ports[i])
-	}
-	s += ChoicesOrString(portStrings)
-	return s
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/obfuscate.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/obfuscate.go
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-func ObfuscateWireguardKey(fullKey string) (obfuscatedKey string) {
-	const minKeyLength = 10
-	if len(fullKey) < minKeyLength {
-		return "(too short)"
-	}
-
-	lastIndex := len(fullKey) - 1
-	return fullKey[0:2] + "..." + fullKey[lastIndex-2:]
-}
-
-func ObfuscatePassword(password string) (obfuscatedPassword string) {
-	if password != "" {
-		return "[set]"
-	}
-	return "[not set]"
-}
-
-func ObfuscateData(data string) (obfuscated string) {
-	if data != "" {
-		return "[set]"
-	}
-	return "[not set]"
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/override.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/override.go
@@ -1,164 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/log"
-	"inet.af/netaddr"
-)
-
-func OverrideWithBool(existing, other *bool) (result *bool) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(bool)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithString(existing, other string) (result string) {
-	if other == "" {
-		return existing
-	}
-	return other
-}
-
-func OverrideWithInt(existing, other int) (result int) {
-	if other == 0 {
-		return existing
-	}
-	return other
-}
-
-func OverrideWithFloat64(existing, other float64) (result float64) {
-	if other == 0 {
-		return existing
-	}
-	return other
-}
-
-func OverrideWithStringPtr(existing, other *string) (result *string) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(string)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithIntPtr(existing, other *int) (result *int) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(int)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithUint8(existing, other *uint8) (result *uint8) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(uint8)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithUint16(existing, other *uint16) (result *uint16) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(uint16)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithUint32(existing, other *uint32) (result *uint32) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(uint32)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithIP(existing, other net.IP) (result net.IP) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = make(net.IP, len(other))
-	copy(result, other)
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithDuration(existing, other *time.Duration) (result *time.Duration) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(time.Duration)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithLogLevel(existing, other *log.Level) (result *log.Level) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = new(log.Level)
-	*result = *other
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithHTTPHandler(existing, other http.Handler) (result http.Handler) {
-	if other != nil {
-		return other
-	}
-	return existing
-}
-
-func OverrideWithStringSlice(existing, other []string) (result []string) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = make([]string, len(other))
-	copy(result, other)
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithUint16Slice(existing, other []uint16) (result []uint16) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = make([]uint16, len(other))
-	copy(result, other)
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithIPNetsSlice(existing, other []net.IPNet) (result []net.IPNet) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = make([]net.IPNet, len(other))
-	copy(result, other)
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithNetaddrIPsSlice(existing, other []netaddr.IP) (result []netaddr.IP) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = make([]netaddr.IP, len(other))
-	copy(result, other)
-	return result
-}
-
-func OverrideWithIPPrefixesSlice(existing, other []netaddr.IPPrefix) (result []netaddr.IPPrefix) {
-	if other == nil {
-		return existing
-	}
-	result = make([]netaddr.IPPrefix, len(other))
-	copy(result, other)
-	return result
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/pointers.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/pointers.go
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-import "time"
-
-// StringPtr returns a pointer to the string value
-// passed as argument.
-func StringPtr(s string) *string { return &s }
-
-// DurationPtr returns a pointer to the duration value
-// passed as argument.
-func DurationPtr(d time.Duration) *time.Duration { return &d }
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/string.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers/string.go
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-package helpers
-
-func BoolPtrToYesNo(b *bool) string {
-	if *b {
-		return "yes"
-	}
-	return "no"
-}
-
-func TCPPtrToString(tcp *bool) string {
-	if *tcp {
-		return "TCP"
-	}
-	return "UDP"
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/helpers_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/helpers_test.go
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-func boolPtr(b bool) *bool    { return &b }
-func uint8Ptr(n uint8) *uint8 { return &n }
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/httpproxy.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/httpproxy.go
@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-	"github.com/qdm12/govalid/address"
-)
-
-// HTTPProxy contains settings to configure the HTTP proxy.
-type HTTPProxy struct {
-	// User is the username to use for the HTTP proxy.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	User *string
-	// Password is the password to use for the HTTP proxy.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Password *string
-	// ListeningAddress is the listening address
-	// of the HTTP proxy server.
-	// It cannot be the empty string in the internal state.
-	ListeningAddress string
-	// Enabled is true if the HTTP proxy server should run,
-	// and false otherwise. It cannot be nil in the
-	// internal state.
-	Enabled *bool
-	// Stealth is true if the HTTP proxy server should hide
-	// each request has been proxied to the destination.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Stealth *bool
-	// Log is true if the HTTP proxy server should log
-	// each request/response. It cannot be nil in the
-	// internal state.
-	Log *bool
-}
-
-func (h HTTPProxy) validate() (err error) {
-	// Do not validate user and password
-
-	uid := os.Getuid()
-	_, err = address.Validate(h.ListeningAddress, address.OptionListening(uid))
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrServerAddressNotValid, h.ListeningAddress)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (h *HTTPProxy) copy() (copied HTTPProxy) {
-	return HTTPProxy{
-		User:             helpers.CopyStringPtr(h.User),
-		Password:         helpers.CopyStringPtr(h.Password),
-		ListeningAddress: h.ListeningAddress,
-		Enabled:          helpers.CopyBoolPtr(h.Enabled),
-		Stealth:          helpers.CopyBoolPtr(h.Stealth),
-		Log:              helpers.CopyBoolPtr(h.Log),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (h *HTTPProxy) mergeWith(other HTTPProxy) {
-	h.User = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(h.User, other.User)
-	h.Password = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(h.Password, other.Password)
-	h.ListeningAddress = helpers.MergeWithString(h.ListeningAddress, other.ListeningAddress)
-	h.Enabled = helpers.MergeWithBool(h.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	h.Stealth = helpers.MergeWithBool(h.Stealth, other.Stealth)
-	h.Log = helpers.MergeWithBool(h.Log, other.Log)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (h *HTTPProxy) overrideWith(other HTTPProxy) {
-	h.User = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(h.User, other.User)
-	h.Password = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(h.Password, other.Password)
-	h.ListeningAddress = helpers.OverrideWithString(h.ListeningAddress, other.ListeningAddress)
-	h.Enabled = helpers.OverrideWithBool(h.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	h.Stealth = helpers.OverrideWithBool(h.Stealth, other.Stealth)
-	h.Log = helpers.OverrideWithBool(h.Log, other.Log)
-}
-
-func (h *HTTPProxy) setDefaults() {
-	h.User = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(h.User, "")
-	h.Password = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(h.Password, "")
-	h.ListeningAddress = helpers.DefaultString(h.ListeningAddress, ":8888")
-	h.Enabled = helpers.DefaultBool(h.Enabled, false)
-	h.Stealth = helpers.DefaultBool(h.Stealth, false)
-	h.Log = helpers.DefaultBool(h.Log, false)
-}
-
-func (h HTTPProxy) String() string {
-	return h.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (h HTTPProxy) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("HTTP proxy settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Enabled: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(h.Enabled))
-	if !*h.Enabled {
-		return node
-	}
-
-	node.Appendf("Listening address: %s", h.ListeningAddress)
-	node.Appendf("User: %s", *h.User)
-	node.Appendf("Password: %s", helpers.ObfuscatePassword(*h.Password))
-	node.Appendf("Stealth mode: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(h.Stealth))
-	node.Appendf("Log: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(h.Log))
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/log.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/log.go
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-	"github.com/qdm12/log"
-)
-
-// Log contains settings to configure the logger.
-type Log struct {
-	// Level is the log level of the logger.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Level *log.Level
-}
-
-func (l Log) validate() (err error) {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (l *Log) copy() (copied Log) {
-	return Log{
-		Level: helpers.CopyLogLevelPtr(l.Level),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (l *Log) mergeWith(other Log) {
-	l.Level = helpers.MergeWithLogLevel(l.Level, other.Level)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (l *Log) overrideWith(other Log) {
-	l.Level = helpers.OverrideWithLogLevel(l.Level, other.Level)
-}
-
-func (l *Log) setDefaults() {
-	l.Level = helpers.DefaultLogLevel(l.Level, log.LevelInfo)
-}
-
-func (l Log) String() string {
-	return l.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (l Log) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Log settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Log level: %s", l.Level.String())
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/openvpn.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/openvpn.go
@@ -1,350 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"fmt"
-	"regexp"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/openvpn"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/providers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/openvpn/extract"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider/privateinternetaccess/presets"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// OpenVPN contains settings to configure the OpenVPN client.
-type OpenVPN struct {
-	// Version is the OpenVPN version to run.
-	// It can only be "2.4" or "2.5".
-	Version string
-	// User is the OpenVPN authentication username.
-	// It cannot be an empty string in the internal state
-	// if OpenVPN is used.
-	User string
-	// Password is the OpenVPN authentication password.
-	// It cannot be an empty string in the internal state
-	// if OpenVPN is used.
-	Password string
-	// ConfFile is a custom OpenVPN configuration file path.
-	// It can be set to the empty string for it to be ignored.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	ConfFile *string
-	// Ciphers is a list of ciphers to use for OpenVPN,
-	// different from the ones specified by the VPN
-	// service provider configuration files.
-	Ciphers []string
-	// Auth is an auth algorithm to use in OpenVPN instead
-	// of the one specified by the VPN service provider.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	// It is ignored if it is set to the empty string.
-	Auth *string
-	// ClientCrt is the OpenVPN client certificate.
-	// This is notably used by Cyberghost.
-	// It can be set to the empty string to be ignored.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	ClientCrt *string
-	// ClientKey is the OpenVPN client key.
-	// This is used by Cyberghost and VPN Unlimited.
-	// It can be set to the empty string to be ignored.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	ClientKey *string
-	// PIAEncPreset is the encryption preset for
-	// Private Internet Access. It can be set to an
-	// empty string for other providers.
-	PIAEncPreset *string
-	// IPv6 is set to true if IPv6 routing should be
-	// set to be tunnel in OpenVPN, and false otherwise.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	IPv6 *bool // TODO automate like with Wireguard
-	// MSSFix is the value (1 to 10000) to set for the
-	// mssfix option for OpenVPN. It is ignored if set to 0.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	MSSFix *uint16
-	// Interface is the OpenVPN device interface name.
-	// It cannot be an empty string in the internal state.
-	Interface string
-	// ProcessUser is the OpenVPN process OS username
-	// to use. It cannot be empty in the internal state.
-	// It defaults to 'root'.
-	ProcessUser string
-	// Verbosity is the OpenVPN verbosity level from 0 to 6.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Verbosity *int
-	// Flags is a slice of additional flags to be passed
-	// to the OpenVPN program.
-	Flags []string
-}
-
-var ivpnAccountID = regexp.MustCompile(`^(i|ivpn)\-[a-zA-Z0-9]{4}\-[a-zA-Z0-9]{4}\-[a-zA-Z0-9]{4}$`)
-
-func (o OpenVPN) validate(vpnProvider string) (err error) {
-	// Validate version
-	validVersions := []string{openvpn.Openvpn24, openvpn.Openvpn25}
-	if !helpers.IsOneOf(o.Version, validVersions...) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %q can only be one of %s",
-			ErrOpenVPNVersionIsNotValid, o.Version, strings.Join(validVersions, ", "))
-	}
-
-	isCustom := vpnProvider == providers.Custom
-
-	if !isCustom && o.User == "" {
-		return ErrOpenVPNUserIsEmpty
-	}
-
-	passwordRequired := !isCustom &&
-		(vpnProvider != providers.Ivpn || !ivpnAccountID.MatchString(o.User))
-
-	if passwordRequired && o.Password == "" {
-		return ErrOpenVPNPasswordIsEmpty
-	}
-
-	err = validateOpenVPNConfigFilepath(isCustom, *o.ConfFile)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("custom configuration file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = validateOpenVPNClientCertificate(vpnProvider, *o.ClientCrt)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("client certificate: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = validateOpenVPNClientKey(vpnProvider, *o.ClientKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("client key: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	const maxMSSFix = 10000
-	if *o.MSSFix > maxMSSFix {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d is over the maximum value of %d",
-			ErrOpenVPNMSSFixIsTooHigh, *o.MSSFix, maxMSSFix)
-	}
-
-	if !regexpInterfaceName.MatchString(o.Interface) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: '%s' does not match regex '%s'",
-			ErrOpenVPNInterfaceNotValid, o.Interface, regexpInterfaceName)
-	}
-
-	if *o.Verbosity < 0 || *o.Verbosity > 6 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d can only be between 0 and 5",
-			ErrOpenVPNVerbosityIsOutOfBounds, o.Verbosity)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func validateOpenVPNConfigFilepath(isCustom bool,
-	confFile string) (err error) {
-	if !isCustom {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if confFile == "" {
-		return ErrFilepathMissing
-	}
-
-	err = helpers.FileExists(confFile)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	extractor := extract.New()
-	_, _, err = extractor.Data(confFile)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed extracting information from custom configuration file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func validateOpenVPNClientCertificate(vpnProvider,
-	clientCert string) (err error) {
-	switch vpnProvider {
-	case
-		providers.Cyberghost,
-		providers.VPNUnlimited:
-		if clientCert == "" {
-			return ErrMissingValue
-		}
-	}
-
-	if clientCert == "" {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	_, err = base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(clientCert)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func validateOpenVPNClientKey(vpnProvider, clientKey string) (err error) {
-	switch vpnProvider {
-	case
-		providers.Cyberghost,
-		providers.VPNUnlimited,
-		providers.Wevpn:
-		if clientKey == "" {
-			return ErrMissingValue
-		}
-	}
-
-	if clientKey == "" {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	_, err = base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(clientKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPN) copy() (copied OpenVPN) {
-	return OpenVPN{
-		Version:      o.Version,
-		User:         o.User,
-		Password:     o.Password,
-		ConfFile:     helpers.CopyStringPtr(o.ConfFile),
-		Ciphers:      helpers.CopyStringSlice(o.Ciphers),
-		Auth:         helpers.CopyStringPtr(o.Auth),
-		ClientCrt:    helpers.CopyStringPtr(o.ClientCrt),
-		ClientKey:    helpers.CopyStringPtr(o.ClientKey),
-		PIAEncPreset: helpers.CopyStringPtr(o.PIAEncPreset),
-		IPv6:         helpers.CopyBoolPtr(o.IPv6),
-		MSSFix:       helpers.CopyUint16Ptr(o.MSSFix),
-		Interface:    o.Interface,
-		ProcessUser:  o.ProcessUser,
-		Verbosity:    helpers.CopyIntPtr(o.Verbosity),
-		Flags:        helpers.CopyStringSlice(o.Flags),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (o *OpenVPN) mergeWith(other OpenVPN) {
-	o.Version = helpers.MergeWithString(o.Version, other.Version)
-	o.User = helpers.MergeWithString(o.User, other.User)
-	o.Password = helpers.MergeWithString(o.Password, other.Password)
-	o.ConfFile = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(o.ConfFile, other.ConfFile)
-	o.Ciphers = helpers.MergeStringSlices(o.Ciphers, other.Ciphers)
-	o.Auth = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(o.Auth, other.Auth)
-	o.ClientCrt = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(o.ClientCrt, other.ClientCrt)
-	o.ClientKey = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(o.ClientKey, other.ClientKey)
-	o.PIAEncPreset = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(o.PIAEncPreset, other.PIAEncPreset)
-	o.IPv6 = helpers.MergeWithBool(o.IPv6, other.IPv6)
-	o.MSSFix = helpers.MergeWithUint16(o.MSSFix, other.MSSFix)
-	o.Interface = helpers.MergeWithString(o.Interface, other.Interface)
-	o.ProcessUser = helpers.MergeWithString(o.ProcessUser, other.ProcessUser)
-	o.Verbosity = helpers.MergeWithIntPtr(o.Verbosity, other.Verbosity)
-	o.Flags = helpers.MergeStringSlices(o.Flags, other.Flags)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (o *OpenVPN) overrideWith(other OpenVPN) {
-	o.Version = helpers.OverrideWithString(o.Version, other.Version)
-	o.User = helpers.OverrideWithString(o.User, other.User)
-	o.Password = helpers.OverrideWithString(o.Password, other.Password)
-	o.ConfFile = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(o.ConfFile, other.ConfFile)
-	o.Ciphers = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(o.Ciphers, other.Ciphers)
-	o.Auth = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(o.Auth, other.Auth)
-	o.ClientCrt = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(o.ClientCrt, other.ClientCrt)
-	o.ClientKey = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(o.ClientKey, other.ClientKey)
-	o.PIAEncPreset = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(o.PIAEncPreset, other.PIAEncPreset)
-	o.IPv6 = helpers.OverrideWithBool(o.IPv6, other.IPv6)
-	o.MSSFix = helpers.OverrideWithUint16(o.MSSFix, other.MSSFix)
-	o.Interface = helpers.OverrideWithString(o.Interface, other.Interface)
-	o.ProcessUser = helpers.OverrideWithString(o.ProcessUser, other.ProcessUser)
-	o.Verbosity = helpers.OverrideWithIntPtr(o.Verbosity, other.Verbosity)
-	o.Flags = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(o.Flags, other.Flags)
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPN) setDefaults(vpnProvider string) {
-	o.Version = helpers.DefaultString(o.Version, openvpn.Openvpn25)
-	if vpnProvider == providers.Mullvad {
-		o.Password = "m"
-	}
-
-	o.ConfFile = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(o.ConfFile, "")
-	o.Auth = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(o.Auth, "")
-	o.ClientCrt = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(o.ClientCrt, "")
-	o.ClientKey = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(o.ClientKey, "")
-
-	var defaultEncPreset string
-	if vpnProvider == providers.PrivateInternetAccess {
-		defaultEncPreset = presets.Strong
-	}
-	o.PIAEncPreset = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(o.PIAEncPreset, defaultEncPreset)
-
-	o.IPv6 = helpers.DefaultBool(o.IPv6, false)
-	o.MSSFix = helpers.DefaultUint16(o.MSSFix, 0)
-	o.Interface = helpers.DefaultString(o.Interface, "tun0")
-	o.ProcessUser = helpers.DefaultString(o.ProcessUser, "root")
-	o.Verbosity = helpers.DefaultInt(o.Verbosity, 1)
-}
-
-func (o OpenVPN) String() string {
-	return o.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (o OpenVPN) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("OpenVPN settings:")
-	node.Appendf("OpenVPN version: %s", o.Version)
-	node.Appendf("User: %s", helpers.ObfuscatePassword(o.User))
-	node.Appendf("Password: %s", helpers.ObfuscatePassword(o.Password))
-
-	if *o.ConfFile != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Custom configuration file: %s", *o.ConfFile)
-	}
-
-	if len(o.Ciphers) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Ciphers: %s", o.Ciphers)
-	}
-
-	if *o.Auth != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Auth: %s", *o.Auth)
-	}
-
-	if *o.ClientCrt != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Client crt: %s", helpers.ObfuscateData(*o.ClientCrt))
-	}
-
-	if *o.ClientKey != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Client key: %s", helpers.ObfuscateData(*o.ClientKey))
-	}
-
-	if *o.PIAEncPreset != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Private Internet Access encryption preset: %s", *o.PIAEncPreset)
-	}
-
-	node.Appendf("Tunnel IPv6: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(o.IPv6))
-
-	if *o.MSSFix > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("MSS Fix: %d", *o.MSSFix)
-	}
-
-	if o.Interface != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Network interface: %s", o.Interface)
-	}
-
-	node.Appendf("Run OpenVPN as: %s", o.ProcessUser)
-
-	node.Appendf("Verbosity level: %d", *o.Verbosity)
-
-	if len(o.Flags) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Flags: %s", o.Flags)
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
-
-// WithDefaults is a shorthand using setDefaults.
-// It's used in unit tests in other packages.
-func (o OpenVPN) WithDefaults(provider string) OpenVPN {
-	o.setDefaults(provider)
-	return o
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/openvpn_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/openvpn_test.go
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func Test_ivpnAccountID(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	testCases := []struct {
-		s     string
-		match bool
-	}{
-		{},
-		{s: "abc"},
-		{s: "i"},
-		{s: "ivpn"},
-		{s: "ivpn-aaaa"},
-		{s: "ivpn-aaaa-aaaa"},
-		{s: "ivpn-aaaa-aaaa-aaa"},
-		{s: "ivpn-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa", match: true},
-		{s: "ivpn-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaa"},
-		{s: "ivpn-a6B7-fP91-Zh6Y", match: true},
-		{s: "i-aaaa"},
-		{s: "i-aaaa-aaaa"},
-		{s: "i-aaaa-aaaa-aaa"},
-		{s: "i-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa", match: true},
-		{s: "i-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaa"},
-		{s: "i-a6B7-fP91-Zh6Y", match: true},
-	}
-
-	for _, testCase := range testCases {
-		testCase := testCase
-		t.Run(testCase.s, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Parallel()
-
-			match := ivpnAccountID.MatchString(testCase.s)
-
-			assert.Equal(t, testCase.match, match)
-		})
-	}
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/openvpnselection.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/openvpnselection.go
@@ -1,178 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/providers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/provider/privateinternetaccess/presets"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-type OpenVPNSelection struct {
-	// ConfFile is the custom configuration file path.
-	// It can be set to an empty string to indicate to
-	// NOT use a custom configuration file.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	ConfFile *string
-	// TCP is true if the OpenVPN protocol is TCP,
-	// and false for UDP.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	TCP *bool
-	// CustomPort is the OpenVPN server endpoint port.
-	// It can be set to 0 to indicate no custom port should
-	// be used. It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	CustomPort *uint16 // HideMyAss, Mullvad, PIA, ProtonVPN, WeVPN, Windscribe
-	// PIAEncPreset is the encryption preset for
-	// Private Internet Access. It can be set to an
-	// empty string for other providers.
-	PIAEncPreset *string
-}
-
-func (o OpenVPNSelection) validate(vpnProvider string) (err error) {
-	// Validate ConfFile
-	if confFile := *o.ConfFile; confFile != "" {
-		err := helpers.FileExists(confFile)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("configuration file: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Validate TCP
-	if *o.TCP && helpers.IsOneOf(vpnProvider,
-		providers.Ipvanish,
-		providers.Perfectprivacy,
-		providers.Privado,
-		providers.VPNUnlimited,
-		providers.Vyprvpn,
-	) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: for VPN service provider %s",
-			ErrOpenVPNTCPNotSupported, vpnProvider)
-	}
-
-	// Validate CustomPort
-	if *o.CustomPort != 0 {
-		switch vpnProvider {
-		// no restriction on port
-		case providers.Cyberghost, providers.HideMyAss,
-			providers.Privatevpn, providers.Torguard:
-		// no custom port allowed
-		case providers.Expressvpn, providers.Fastestvpn,
-			providers.Ipvanish, providers.Nordvpn,
-			providers.Privado, providers.Purevpn,
-			providers.Surfshark, providers.VPNUnlimited,
-			providers.Vyprvpn:
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: for VPN service provider %s",
-				ErrOpenVPNCustomPortNotAllowed, vpnProvider)
-		default:
-			var allowedTCP, allowedUDP []uint16
-			switch vpnProvider {
-			case providers.Ivpn:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{80, 443, 1143}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{53, 1194, 2049, 2050}
-			case providers.Mullvad:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{80, 443, 1401}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{53, 1194, 1195, 1196, 1197, 1300, 1301, 1302, 1303, 1400}
-			case providers.Perfectprivacy:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{44, 443, 4433}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{44, 443, 4433}
-			case providers.PrivateInternetAccess:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{80, 110, 443}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{53, 1194, 1197, 1198, 8080, 9201}
-			case providers.Protonvpn:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{443, 5995, 8443}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{80, 443, 1194, 4569, 5060}
-			case providers.Wevpn:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{53, 1195, 1199, 2018}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{80, 1194, 1198}
-			case providers.Windscribe:
-				allowedTCP = []uint16{21, 22, 80, 123, 143, 443, 587, 1194, 3306, 8080, 54783}
-				allowedUDP = []uint16{53, 80, 123, 443, 1194, 54783}
-			}
-
-			if *o.TCP && !helpers.Uint16IsOneOf(*o.CustomPort, allowedTCP) {
-				return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d for VPN service provider %s; %s",
-					ErrOpenVPNCustomPortNotAllowed, o.CustomPort, vpnProvider,
-					helpers.PortChoicesOrString(allowedTCP))
-			} else if !*o.TCP && !helpers.Uint16IsOneOf(*o.CustomPort, allowedUDP) {
-				return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d for VPN service provider %s; %s",
-					ErrOpenVPNCustomPortNotAllowed, o.CustomPort, vpnProvider,
-					helpers.PortChoicesOrString(allowedUDP))
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Validate EncPreset
-	if vpnProvider == providers.PrivateInternetAccess {
-		validEncryptionPresets := []string{
-			presets.None,
-			presets.Normal,
-			presets.Strong,
-		}
-		if !helpers.IsOneOf(*o.PIAEncPreset, validEncryptionPresets...) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s; valid presets are %s",
-				ErrOpenVPNEncryptionPresetNotValid, *o.PIAEncPreset,
-				helpers.ChoicesOrString(validEncryptionPresets))
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPNSelection) copy() (copied OpenVPNSelection) {
-	return OpenVPNSelection{
-		ConfFile:     helpers.CopyStringPtr(o.ConfFile),
-		TCP:          helpers.CopyBoolPtr(o.TCP),
-		CustomPort:   helpers.CopyUint16Ptr(o.CustomPort),
-		PIAEncPreset: helpers.CopyStringPtr(o.PIAEncPreset),
-	}
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPNSelection) mergeWith(other OpenVPNSelection) {
-	o.ConfFile = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(o.ConfFile, other.ConfFile)
-	o.TCP = helpers.MergeWithBool(o.TCP, other.TCP)
-	o.CustomPort = helpers.MergeWithUint16(o.CustomPort, other.CustomPort)
-	o.PIAEncPreset = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(o.PIAEncPreset, other.PIAEncPreset)
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPNSelection) overrideWith(other OpenVPNSelection) {
-	o.ConfFile = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(o.ConfFile, other.ConfFile)
-	o.TCP = helpers.OverrideWithBool(o.TCP, other.TCP)
-	o.CustomPort = helpers.OverrideWithUint16(o.CustomPort, other.CustomPort)
-	o.PIAEncPreset = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(o.PIAEncPreset, other.PIAEncPreset)
-}
-
-func (o *OpenVPNSelection) setDefaults(vpnProvider string) {
-	o.ConfFile = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(o.ConfFile, "")
-	o.TCP = helpers.DefaultBool(o.TCP, false)
-	o.CustomPort = helpers.DefaultUint16(o.CustomPort, 0)
-
-	var defaultEncPreset string
-	if vpnProvider == providers.PrivateInternetAccess {
-		defaultEncPreset = presets.Strong
-	}
-	o.PIAEncPreset = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(o.PIAEncPreset, defaultEncPreset)
-}
-
-func (o OpenVPNSelection) String() string {
-	return o.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (o OpenVPNSelection) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("OpenVPN server selection settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Protocol: %s", helpers.TCPPtrToString(o.TCP))
-
-	if *o.CustomPort != 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Custom port: %d", *o.CustomPort)
-	}
-
-	if *o.PIAEncPreset != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Private Internet Access encryption preset: %s", *o.PIAEncPreset)
-	}
-
-	if *o.ConfFile != "" {
-		node.Appendf("Custom configuration file: %s", *o.ConfFile)
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/portforward.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/portforward.go
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/providers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// PortForwarding contains settings for port forwarding.
-type PortForwarding struct {
-	// Enabled is true if port forwarding should be activated.
-	// It cannot be nil for the internal state.
-	Enabled *bool
-	// Filepath is the port forwarding status file path
-	// to use. It can be the empty string to indicate not
-	// to write to a file. It cannot be nil for the
-	// internal state
-	Filepath *string
-}
-
-func (p PortForwarding) validate(vpnProvider string) (err error) {
-	if !*p.Enabled {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Validate Enabled
-	validProviders := []string{providers.PrivateInternetAccess}
-	if !helpers.IsOneOf(vpnProvider, validProviders...) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: for provider %s, it is only available for %s",
-			ErrPortForwardingEnabled, vpnProvider, strings.Join(validProviders, ", "))
-	}
-
-	// Validate Filepath
-	if *p.Filepath != "" { // optional
-		_, err := filepath.Abs(*p.Filepath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("filepath is not valid: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (p *PortForwarding) copy() (copied PortForwarding) {
-	return PortForwarding{
-		Enabled:  helpers.CopyBoolPtr(p.Enabled),
-		Filepath: helpers.CopyStringPtr(p.Filepath),
-	}
-}
-
-func (p *PortForwarding) mergeWith(other PortForwarding) {
-	p.Enabled = helpers.MergeWithBool(p.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	p.Filepath = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(p.Filepath, other.Filepath)
-}
-
-func (p *PortForwarding) overrideWith(other PortForwarding) {
-	p.Enabled = helpers.OverrideWithBool(p.Enabled, other.Enabled)
-	p.Filepath = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(p.Filepath, other.Filepath)
-}
-
-func (p *PortForwarding) setDefaults() {
-	p.Enabled = helpers.DefaultBool(p.Enabled, false)
-	p.Filepath = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(p.Filepath, "/tmp/gluetun/forwarded_port")
-}
-
-func (p PortForwarding) String() string {
-	return p.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (p PortForwarding) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	if !*p.Enabled {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	node = gotree.New("Automatic port forwarding settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Enabled: yes")
-
-	filepath := *p.Filepath
-	if filepath == "" {
-		filepath = "[not set]"
-	}
-	node.Appendf("Forwarded port file path: %s", filepath)
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/portforward_test.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/portforward_test.go
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func Test_PortForwarding_String(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	settings := PortForwarding{
-		Enabled: boolPtr(false),
-	}
-
-	s := settings.String()
-
-	assert.Empty(t, s)
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/provider.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/provider.go
@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/providers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/vpn"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// Provider contains settings specific to a VPN provider.
-type Provider struct {
-	// Name is the VPN service provider name.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Name *string
-	// ServerSelection is the settings to
-	// select the VPN server.
-	ServerSelection ServerSelection
-	// PortForwarding is the settings about port forwarding.
-	PortForwarding PortForwarding
-}
-
-// TODO v4 remove pointer for receiver (because of Surfshark).
-func (p *Provider) validate(vpnType string, storage Storage) (err error) {
-	// Validate Name
-	var validNames []string
-	if vpnType == vpn.OpenVPN {
-		validNames = providers.AllWithCustom()
-		validNames = append(validNames, "pia") // Retro-compatibility
-	} else { // Wireguard
-		validNames = []string{
-			providers.Custom,
-			providers.Ivpn,
-			providers.Mullvad,
-			providers.Windscribe,
-		}
-	}
-	if !helpers.IsOneOf(*p.Name, validNames...) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %q can only be one of %s",
-			ErrVPNProviderNameNotValid, *p.Name, helpers.ChoicesOrString(validNames))
-	}
-
-	err = p.ServerSelection.validate(*p.Name, storage)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("server selection: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = p.PortForwarding.validate(*p.Name)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("port forwarding: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (p *Provider) copy() (copied Provider) {
-	return Provider{
-		Name:            helpers.CopyStringPtr(p.Name),
-		ServerSelection: p.ServerSelection.copy(),
-		PortForwarding:  p.PortForwarding.copy(),
-	}
-}
-
-func (p *Provider) mergeWith(other Provider) {
-	p.Name = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(p.Name, other.Name)
-	p.ServerSelection.mergeWith(other.ServerSelection)
-	p.PortForwarding.mergeWith(other.PortForwarding)
-}
-
-func (p *Provider) overrideWith(other Provider) {
-	p.Name = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(p.Name, other.Name)
-	p.ServerSelection.overrideWith(other.ServerSelection)
-	p.PortForwarding.overrideWith(other.PortForwarding)
-}
-
-func (p *Provider) setDefaults() {
-	p.Name = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(p.Name, providers.PrivateInternetAccess)
-	p.ServerSelection.setDefaults(*p.Name)
-	p.PortForwarding.setDefaults()
-}
-
-func (p Provider) String() string {
-	return p.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (p Provider) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("VPN provider settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Name: %s", *p.Name)
-	node.AppendNode(p.ServerSelection.toLinesNode())
-	node.AppendNode(p.PortForwarding.toLinesNode())
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/publicip.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/publicip.go
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// PublicIP contains settings for port forwarding.
-type PublicIP struct {
-	// Period is the period to get the public IP address.
-	// It can be set to 0 to disable periodic checking.
-	// It cannot be nil for the internal state.
-	// TODO change to value and add enabled field
-	Period *time.Duration
-	// IPFilepath is the public IP address status file path
-	// to use. It can be the empty string to indicate not
-	// to write to a file. It cannot be nil for the
-	// internal state
-	IPFilepath *string
-}
-
-func (p PublicIP) validate() (err error) {
-	const minPeriod = 5 * time.Second
-	if *p.Period < minPeriod {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s must be at least %s",
-			ErrPublicIPPeriodTooShort, p.Period, minPeriod)
-	}
-
-	if *p.IPFilepath != "" { // optional
-		_, err := filepath.Abs(*p.IPFilepath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("filepath is not valid: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (p *PublicIP) copy() (copied PublicIP) {
-	return PublicIP{
-		Period:     helpers.CopyDurationPtr(p.Period),
-		IPFilepath: helpers.CopyStringPtr(p.IPFilepath),
-	}
-}
-
-func (p *PublicIP) mergeWith(other PublicIP) {
-	p.Period = helpers.MergeWithDuration(p.Period, other.Period)
-	p.IPFilepath = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(p.IPFilepath, other.IPFilepath)
-}
-
-func (p *PublicIP) overrideWith(other PublicIP) {
-	p.Period = helpers.OverrideWithDuration(p.Period, other.Period)
-	p.IPFilepath = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(p.IPFilepath, other.IPFilepath)
-}
-
-func (p *PublicIP) setDefaults() {
-	const defaultPeriod = 12 * time.Hour
-	p.Period = helpers.DefaultDuration(p.Period, defaultPeriod)
-	p.IPFilepath = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(p.IPFilepath, "/tmp/gluetun/ip")
-}
-
-func (p PublicIP) String() string {
-	return p.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (p PublicIP) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Public IP settings:")
-
-	if *p.Period == 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Enabled: no")
-		return node
-	}
-
-	updatePeriod := "disabled"
-	if *p.Period > 0 {
-		updatePeriod = "every " + p.Period.String()
-	}
-	node.Appendf("Fetching: %s", updatePeriod)
-
-	if *p.IPFilepath != "" {
-		node.Appendf("IP file path: %s", *p.IPFilepath)
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/server.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/server.go
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"os"
-	"strconv"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-// ControlServer contains settings to customize the control server operation.
-type ControlServer struct {
-	// Address is the listening address to use.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Address *string
-	// Log can be true or false to enable logging on requests.
-	// It cannot be nil in the internal state.
-	Log *bool
-}
-
-func (c ControlServer) validate() (err error) {
-	_, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(*c.Address)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listening address is not valid: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listening port it not valid: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	uid := os.Getuid()
-	const maxPrivilegedPort = 1023
-	if uid != 0 && port != 0 && port <= maxPrivilegedPort {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d when running with user ID %d",
-			ErrControlServerPrivilegedPort, port, uid)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (c *ControlServer) copy() (copied ControlServer) {
-	return ControlServer{
-		Address: helpers.CopyStringPtr(c.Address),
-		Log:     helpers.CopyBoolPtr(c.Log),
-	}
-}
-
-// mergeWith merges the other settings into any
-// unset field of the receiver settings object.
-func (c *ControlServer) mergeWith(other ControlServer) {
-	c.Address = helpers.MergeWithStringPtr(c.Address, other.Address)
-	c.Log = helpers.MergeWithBool(c.Log, other.Log)
-}
-
-// overrideWith overrides fields of the receiver
-// settings object with any field set in the other
-// settings.
-func (c *ControlServer) overrideWith(other ControlServer) {
-	c.Address = helpers.OverrideWithStringPtr(c.Address, other.Address)
-	c.Log = helpers.OverrideWithBool(c.Log, other.Log)
-}
-
-func (c *ControlServer) setDefaults() {
-	c.Address = helpers.DefaultStringPtr(c.Address, ":8000")
-	c.Log = helpers.DefaultBool(c.Log, true)
-}
-
-func (c ControlServer) String() string {
-	return c.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (c ControlServer) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Control server settings:")
-	node.Appendf("Listening address: %s", *c.Address)
-	node.Appendf("Logging: %s", helpers.BoolPtrToYesNo(c.Log))
-	return node
-}
--- a/internal/configuration/settings/serverselection.go
+++ b/internal/configuration/settings/serverselection.go
@@ -1,324 +0,0 @@
-package settings
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/helpers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/configuration/settings/validation"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/providers"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/constants/vpn"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gluetun/internal/models"
-	"github.com/qdm12/gotree"
-)
-
-type ServerSelection struct { //nolint:maligned
-	// VPN is the VPN type which can be 'openvpn'
-	// or 'wireguard'. It cannot be the empty string
-	// in the internal state.
-	VPN string
-	// TargetIP is the server endpoint IP address to use.
-	// It will override any IP address from the picked
-	// built-in server. It cannot be nil in the internal
-	// state, and can be set to an empty net.IP{} to indicate
-	// there is not target IP address to use.
-	TargetIP net.IP
-	// Counties is the list of countries to filter VPN servers with.
-	Countries []string
-	// Regions is the list of regions to filter VPN servers with.
-	Regions []string
-	// Cities is the list of cities to filter VPN servers with.
-	Cities []string
-	// ISPs is the list of ISP names to filter VPN servers with.
-	ISPs []string
-	// Names is the list of server names to filter VPN servers with.
-	Names []string
-	// Numbers is the list of server numbers to filter VPN servers with.
-	Numbers []uint16
-	// Hostnames is the list of hostnames to filter VPN servers with.
-	Hostnames []string
-	// OwnedOnly is true if VPN provider servers that are not owned
-	// should be filtered. This is used with Mullvad.
-	OwnedOnly *bool
-	// FreeOnly is true if VPN servers that are not free should
-	// be filtered. This is used with ProtonVPN and VPN Unlimited.
-	FreeOnly *bool
-	// StreamOnly is true if VPN servers not for streaming should
-	// be filtered. This is used with VPNUnlimited.
-	StreamOnly *bool
-	// MultiHopOnly is true if VPN servers that are not multihop
-	// should be filtered. This is used with Surfshark.
-	MultiHopOnly *bool
-
-	// OpenVPN contains settings to select OpenVPN servers
-	// and the final connection.
-	OpenVPN OpenVPNSelection
-	// Wireguard contains settings to select Wireguard servers
-	// and the final connection.
-	Wireguard WireguardSelection
-}
-
-var (
-	ErrOwnedOnlyNotSupported    = errors.New("owned only filter is not supported")
-	ErrFreeOnlyNotSupported     = errors.New("free only filter is not supported")
-	ErrStreamOnlyNotSupported   = errors.New("stream only filter is not supported")
-	ErrMultiHopOnlyNotSupported = errors.New("multi hop only filter is not supported")
-)
-
-func (ss *ServerSelection) validate(vpnServiceProvider string,
-	storage Storage) (err error) {
-	switch ss.VPN {
-	case vpn.OpenVPN, vpn.Wireguard:
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrVPNTypeNotValid, ss.VPN)
-	}
-
-	filterChoices, err := getLocationFilterChoices(vpnServiceProvider, ss, storage)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err // already wrapped error
-	}
-
-	err = validateServerFilters(*ss, filterChoices)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, helpers.ErrNoChoice) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("for VPN service provider %s: %w", vpnServiceProvider, err)
-		}
-		return err // already wrapped error
-	}
-
-	if *ss.OwnedOnly &&
-		vpnServiceProvider != providers.Mullvad {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: for VPN service provider %s",
-			ErrOwnedOnlyNotSupported, vpnServiceProvider)
-	}
-
-	if *ss.FreeOnly &&
-		!helpers.IsOneOf(vpnServiceProvider,
-			providers.Protonvpn,
-			providers.VPNUnlimited,
-		) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: for VPN service provider %s",
-			ErrFreeOnlyNotSupported, vpnServiceProvider)
-	}
-
-	if *ss.StreamOnly &&
-		!helpers.IsOneOf(vpnServiceProvider,
-			providers.Protonvpn,
-			providers.VPNUnlimited,
-		) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: for VPN service provider %s",
-			ErrStreamOnlyNotSupported, vpnServiceProvider)
-	}
-
-	if *ss.MultiHopOnly &&
-		vpnServiceProvider != providers.Surfshark {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: for VPN service provider %s",
-			ErrMultiHopOnlyNotSupported, vpnServiceProvider)
-	}
-
-	if ss.VPN == vpn.OpenVPN {
-		err = ss.OpenVPN.validate(vpnServiceProvider)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("OpenVPN server selection settings: %w", err)
-		}
-	} else {
-		err = ss.Wireguard.validate(vpnServiceProvider)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Wireguard server selection settings: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func getLocationFilterChoices(vpnServiceProvider string,
-	ss *ServerSelection, storage Storage) (filterChoices models.FilterChoices,
-	err error) {
-	filterChoices = storage.GetFilterChoices(vpnServiceProvider)
-
-	if vpnServiceProvider == providers.Surfshark {
-		// // Retro compatibility
-		// TODO v4 remove
-		filterChoices.Regions = append(filterChoices.Regions, validation.SurfsharkRetroLocChoices()...)
-		if err := helpers.AreAllOneOf(ss.Regions, filterChoices.Regions); err != nil {
-			return models.FilterChoices{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrRegionNotValid, err)
-		}
-		*ss = surfsharkRetroRegion(*ss)
-	}
-
-	return filterChoices, nil
-}
-
-// validateServerFilters validates filters against the choices given as arguments.
-// Set an argument to nil to pass the check for a particular filter.
-func validateServerFilters(settings ServerSelection, filterChoices models.FilterChoices) (err error) {
-	if err := helpers.AreAllOneOf(settings.Countries, filterChoices.Countries); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrCountryNotValid, err)
-	}
-
-	if err := helpers.AreAllOneOf(settings.Regions, filterChoices.Regions); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrRegionNotValid, err)
-	}
-
-	if err := helpers.AreAllOneOf(settings.Cities, filterChoices.Cities); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrCityNotValid, err)
-	}
-
-	if err := helpers.AreAllOneOf(settings.ISPs, filterChoices.ISPs); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrISPNotValid, err)
-	}
-
-	if err := helpers.AreAllOneOf(settings.Hostnames, filterChoices.Hostnames); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrHostnameNotValid, err)
-	}
-
-	if err := helpers.AreAllOneOf(settings.Names, filterChoices.Names); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrNameNotValid, err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (ss *ServerSelection) copy() (copied ServerSelection) {
-	return ServerSelection{
-		VPN:          ss.VPN,
-		TargetIP:     helpers.CopyIP(ss.TargetIP),
-		Countries:    helpers.CopyStringSlice(ss.Countries),
-		Regions:      helpers.CopyStringSlice(ss.Regions),
-		Cities:       helpers.CopyStringSlice(ss.Cities),
-		ISPs:         helpers.CopyStringSlice(ss.ISPs),
-		Hostnames:    helpers.CopyStringSlice(ss.Hostnames),
-		Names:        helpers.CopyStringSlice(ss.Names),
-		Numbers:      helpers.CopyUint16Slice(ss.Numbers),
-		OwnedOnly:    helpers.CopyBoolPtr(ss.OwnedOnly),
-		FreeOnly:     helpers.CopyBoolPtr(ss.FreeOnly),
-		StreamOnly:   helpers.CopyBoolPtr(ss.StreamOnly),
-		MultiHopOnly: helpers.CopyBoolPtr(ss.MultiHopOnly),
-		OpenVPN:      ss.OpenVPN.copy(),
-		Wireguard:    ss.Wireguard.copy(),
-	}
-}
-
-func (ss *ServerSelection) mergeWith(other ServerSelection) {
-	ss.VPN = helpers.MergeWithString(ss.VPN, other.VPN)
-	ss.TargetIP = helpers.MergeWithIP(ss.TargetIP, other.TargetIP)
-	ss.Countries = helpers.MergeStringSlices(ss.Countries, other.Countries)
-	ss.Regions = helpers.MergeStringSlices(ss.Regions, other.Regions)
-	ss.Cities = helpers.MergeStringSlices(ss.Cities, other.Cities)
-	ss.ISPs = helpers.MergeStringSlices(ss.ISPs, other.ISPs)
-	ss.Hostnames = helpers.MergeStringSlices(ss.Hostnames, other.Hostnames)
-	ss.Names = helpers.MergeStringSlices(ss.Names, other.Names)
-	ss.Numbers = helpers.MergeUint16Slices(ss.Numbers, other.Numbers)
-	ss.OwnedOnly = helpers.MergeWithBool(ss.OwnedOnly, other.OwnedOnly)
-	ss.FreeOnly = helpers.MergeWithBool(ss.FreeOnly, other.FreeOnly)
-	ss.StreamOnly = helpers.MergeWithBool(ss.StreamOnly, other.StreamOnly)
-	ss.MultiHopOnly = helpers.MergeWithBool(ss.MultiHopOnly, other.MultiHopOnly)
-
-	ss.OpenVPN.mergeWith(other.OpenVPN)
-	ss.Wireguard.mergeWith(other.Wireguard)
-}
-
-func (ss *ServerSelection) overrideWith(other ServerSelection) {
-	ss.VPN = helpers.OverrideWithString(ss.VPN, other.VPN)
-	ss.TargetIP = helpers.OverrideWithIP(ss.TargetIP, other.TargetIP)
-	ss.Countries = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(ss.Countries, other.Countries)
-	ss.Regions = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(ss.Regions, other.Regions)
-	ss.Cities = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(ss.Cities, other.Cities)
-	ss.ISPs = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(ss.ISPs, other.ISPs)
-	ss.Hostnames = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(ss.Hostnames, other.Hostnames)
-	ss.Names = helpers.OverrideWithStringSlice(ss.Names, other.Names)
-	ss.Numbers = helpers.OverrideWithUint16Slice(ss.Numbers, other.Numbers)
-	ss.OwnedOnly = helpers.OverrideWithBool(ss.OwnedOnly, other.OwnedOnly)
-	ss.FreeOnly = helpers.OverrideWithBool(ss.FreeOnly, other.FreeOnly)
-	ss.StreamOnly = helpers.OverrideWithBool(ss.StreamOnly, other.StreamOnly)
-	ss.MultiHopOnly = helpers.OverrideWithBool(ss.MultiHopOnly, other.MultiHopOnly)
-	ss.OpenVPN.overrideWith(other.OpenVPN)
-	ss.Wireguard.overrideWith(other.Wireguard)
-}
-
-func (ss *ServerSelection) setDefaults(vpnProvider string) {
-	ss.VPN = helpers.DefaultString(ss.VPN, vpn.OpenVPN)
-	ss.TargetIP = helpers.DefaultIP(ss.TargetIP, net.IP{})
-	ss.OwnedOnly = helpers.DefaultBool(ss.OwnedOnly, false)
-	ss.FreeOnly = helpers.DefaultBool(ss.FreeOnly, false)
-	ss.StreamOnly = helpers.DefaultBool(ss.StreamOnly, false)
-	ss.MultiHopOnly = helpers.DefaultBool(ss.MultiHopOnly, false)
-	ss.OpenVPN.setDefaults(vpnProvider)
-	ss.Wireguard.setDefaults()
-}
-
-func (ss ServerSelection) String() string {
-	return ss.toLinesNode().String()
-}
-
-func (ss ServerSelection) toLinesNode() (node *gotree.Node) {
-	node = gotree.New("Server selection settings:")
-	node.Appendf("VPN type: %s", ss.VPN)
-	if len(ss.TargetIP) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Target IP address: %s", ss.TargetIP)
-	}
-
-	if len(ss.Countries) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Countries: %s", strings.Join(ss.Countries, ", "))
-	}
-
-	if len(ss.Regions) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Regions: %s", strings.Join(ss.Regions, ", "))
-	}
-
-	if len(ss.Cities) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Cities: %s", strings.Join(ss.Cities, ", "))
-	}
-
-	if len(ss.ISPs) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("ISPs: %s", strings.Join(ss.ISPs, ", "))
-	}
-
-	if len(ss.Names) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Server names: %s", strings.Join(ss.Names, ", "))
-	}
-
-	if len(ss.Numbers) > 0 {
-		numbersNode := node.Appendf("Server numbers:")
-		for _, number := range ss.Numbers {
-			numbersNode.Appendf("%d", number)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(ss.Hostnames) > 0 {
-		node.Appendf("Hostnames: %s", strings.Join(ss.Hostnames, ", "))
-	}
-
-	if *ss.OwnedOnly {
-		node.Appendf("Owned only servers: yes")
-	}
-
-	if *ss.FreeOnly {
-		node.Appendf("Free only servers: yes")
-	}
-
-	if *ss.StreamOnly {
-		node.Appendf("Stream only servers: yes")
-	}
-
-	if *ss.MultiHopOnly {
-		node.Appendf("Multi-hop only servers: yes")
-	}
-
-	if ss.VPN == vpn.OpenVPN {
-		node.AppendNode(ss.OpenVPN.toLinesNode())
-	} else {
-		node.AppendNode(ss.Wireguard.toLinesNode())
-	}
-
-	return node
-}
-
-// WithDefaults is a shorthand using setDefaults.
-// It's used in unit tests in other packages.
-func (ss ServerSelection) WithDefaults(provider string) ServerSelection {
-	ss.setDefaults(provider)
-	return ss
-}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More